JP5540604B2 - Tapered bearing surface measuring apparatus and measuring method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tapered seat surface measuring apparatus and a measuring method thereof.

  As a method for inspecting a product (part) having a tapered seating surface, there is a method using a spherical measuring element that comes into contact with the tapered seating surface. In this method, the taper angle of the seat surface is obtained by measuring the length of the contact line between the contact surface and the contact surface when the spherical contact member is pressed against the tapered seat surface (patent) Reference 1).

JP-A-5-71910

  However, in the above method, since the taper angle of the seating surface is measured from the contact line length between the sphere of the measuring element and the seating surface, only the taper angle at the portion where the surface of the sphere contacts the seating surface can be measured. For this reason, the precision as the whole surface of the seating surface which is a taper surface cannot be determined.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a tapered seat surface measuring apparatus and a measuring method thereof that can determine the accuracy of the tapered seat surface.

Tapered seat surface measuring apparatus of the present invention has at least three settings vignetting gap sensor in the depth direction of the seat surface on the surface of the head portion to be inserted into a seating surface having a tapered surface. This gap sensor measuring the gap distance to the seating surface from a predetermined reference point. One of the at least three gap sensors is disposed at a position where the angle of the tapered surface in the depth direction of the seating surface changes.

In the tapered seating surface measuring method of the present invention, a head portion of a measuring element is inserted into a seating surface having a tapered surface. And at least three settings in the depth direction of the seat surface on the head portion surface vignetting, and the at least three one of is disposed at a position where the angle of the tapered surface in the depth direction of the seat surface is changed the are gap sensors to measure the gap size to the seating surface surface from the reference point.

  According to the present invention, at least two gap sensors are provided in the depth direction of the tapered bearing surface, and the gap amount from the reference point is measured by the gap sensor. Thereby, the change of the seat surface can be captured at a plurality of positions in the depth direction with respect to the tapered surface of the seat. Therefore, it is possible to determine the accuracy of the tapered surface as the entire surface.

It is a figure which shows schematic structure of a taper-shaped seat surface measuring apparatus. It is a perspective view which shows the example of a measuring element. It is a flowchart which shows the measurement procedure of a taper-shaped seat surface. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the maximum value of gap amount. It is a figure which shows a ZX surface by making a perpendicular | vertical direction with respect to the cross section shown in FIG. 4 into a Z axis | shaft (depth direction of a seat surface). It is a graph which shows the correlation with the residual axial force actually measured, and the residual axial force obtained by the multiple regression calculation formula. It is a graph which shows the correlation with the area of the taper surface measured with the hit area method using Komyotan, and the residual axial force actually measured. It is a graph which shows the change of the gap amount in the depth direction in a bearing surface.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, elements having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. Further, since the drawings are only for explaining the embodiments of the present invention, the dimensions and ratios of the respective members are exaggerated or simplified for convenience of explanation, and are different from the actual dimensions and ratios.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a tapered seat surface measuring device (hereinafter simply referred to as a measuring device). FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a measuring element, where (a) is a first example and (b) is a second example.

  The measuring apparatus 1 includes a measuring element 10, a base 20, and a measuring device main body 30.

  The measuring element 10 includes a head portion 12 inserted into the tapered seat surface 101 of the product 100 and a columnar column portion 13 that supports the head portion 12.

  Here, in the product 100 (part) having the tapered seat surface 101, a recess is formed in the product 100, the inner wall surface (seat surface) of the recess is tapered, and the entire inner wall surface is the surface of the conical column. It has the same shape as

  The head portion 12 has a slightly smaller shape than the shape that matches the ideal shape of the tapered seat surface 101 of the product 100. A plurality of gap sensors 50 are arranged on the surface of the head unit 12. The reason why the head portion 12 is slightly smaller than the shape that matches the ideal shape is that the head portion 12 is surely placed in the seat surface 101 at least when the seat surface 101 satisfies the allowable minimum value as the product 100. This is so that it can be inserted. Therefore, the size of the head portion 12 needs to be a size that can be inserted into the seating surface 101 with at least the gap sensor 50 attached. The ideal shape of the head unit 12 is, for example, the minimum value of the size of the seating surface 101 allowed as the product 100. In that case, if the size of the opening of the seating surface 101 is smaller than the minimum value allowed for the product 100, the head portion 12 cannot be inserted, and it is not necessary to measure the accuracy of the tapered surface. It can be judged. Of course, it may be made smaller so that the gap amount can be measured including such defective products.

  The gap sensor 50 measures the distance (gap amount) from the head portion surface (reference point) to the tapered seat surface 101 surface when the head portion 12 is inserted into the tapered seat surface 101 of the product 100. At least two gap sensors 50 are provided on the surface of the head portion 12 in the depth direction of the seating surface 101 (three in this embodiment).

  For the gap sensor 50, for example, a strain gauge is used. When the head portion 12 is inserted into the tapered seat surface 101 of the product 100, the strain value when the gap sensor 50 comes into contact with the surface of the tapered seat surface 101 represents the gap amount.

  The gap sensor 50 can be an eddy current displacement sensor, for example. Even if the eddy current displacement sensor itself is not in contact with the seating surface, the distance (gap amount) from the eddy current displacement sensor to the surface of the seating surface 12 can be measured.

  The gap sensor 50 may be anything other than a strain gauge or an eddy current displacement sensor as long as it can measure the distance between the surface of the head portion 12 and the surface of the seat surface 101.

  The obtained gap amount is a value of an electric signal output from the measuring instrument main body 30. For this reason, when using it for product management, the value (for example, resistance value or voltage value) of the electric signal can be used as it is (details will be described later). Of course, the value of the electrical signal output from the measuring instrument main body 30 may be converted into a value such as an SI unit system so that it can be easily understood. In the case of conversion, a calibration curve (or conversion equation) is created and used in advance to convert the value of the electric signal into a corresponding SI unit value.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 2A, the gap sensors 50 are arranged in a total of twelve positions, four in the circumferential direction of the head portion 12 and three in the depth direction in the seating surface 101. The four places are a total of four places, two places facing each other in the seating surface 101 and two places shifted by 90 ° with respect to each other as shown in the figure. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2B as a second example, the height (the depth of the seating surface 101) is arranged at one location in the circumferential direction of the head portion 12 (one row in the depth direction of the seating surface 101). There are 3 in total.

  The arrangement positions (intervals between the gap sensors 50) in the height (depth of the seating surface 101) direction of the gap sensors 50 may be, for example, equal intervals in both the first example and the second example. However, when there is a bias in the deformation of the product 100 to be measured as described later, it is preferable to arrange the product 100 according to the bias in the shape of the seating surface 101 of the product 100. The arrangement according to the unevenness of the shape of the seating surface 101 will be described later.

  The difference between the first example and the second example is that when the measurement is performed in the first example, if the rotation is performed at a maximum of 45 °, the entire circumference of the seating surface 101 can be measured, so that the measurement efficiency is improved. On the other hand, in the second example, the entire circumference in the seating surface 101 can be measured by rotating the head 360 °, and the number of gap sensors 50 can be reduced, so that the cost of the apparatus can be suppressed. In this embodiment, as will be described later, it is possible to determine the accuracy of the seating surface 101 only by measuring a specific part according to the deviation of the product shape, instead of measuring the entire circumference of the seating surface 101. I can do it.

  In FIG. 2, the entire head portion 12 has a conical column shape, but the gap sensor 50 abuts along the tapered surface in the seating surface 101, and the distance from the position serving as a reference point to the surface of the seating surface 101 is determined. Any shape can be used as long as it can be measured. The reference point may be set anywhere. In the present embodiment, the surface of the head portion having a conical column shape, that is, the installation surface of the gap sensor 50 is used as a reference point, but it may be an arbitrary position such as the center of the head portion 12 instead. In particular, when the accuracy of the seating surface 101 is managed, when the value of an electric signal (detailed later) output directly from the gap sensor 50 (measuring instrument main body 30) is directly used, the change in the signal of the gap sensor 50 is changed to the gap. This is because it does not matter where the reference point is because it is read as a quantity.

  The measuring device main body 30 is connected to each of the plurality of gap sensors 50 and outputs a signal corresponding to the distance between the head surface and the seat surface 101. The measuring instrument body 30 is a so-called strain amplifier when the gap sensor 50 is a strain gauge. The strain amplifier includes a bridge circuit and a current amplifier inside, and detects a minute resistance change of the strain gauge.

  On the other hand, when an electrical resistor is used as the gap sensor 50, a resistance measuring device is used. In this case, the resistance measuring instrument measures a resistance value between each electrical resistor and the product 100 (actually the base 20). The measurement of the resistance value is obtained from a current value and a voltage value at the time when a current is passed between each electric resistor and the base 20. In this case, the voltage may be kept constant, and the current value that varies depending on the area where the electrical resistor contacts the seat surface 101 may be output.

  The measuring instrument main body 30 also functions as a calculation means. For this reason, the measuring device main body 30 has a built-in computer as calculation means, and calculates each data for determining the accuracy of the finished surface 101 and managing the accuracy. Each data is an axial center shift amount, a coaxiality, a roundness, a taper angle, and a contour degree. These data will be described later. Note that the calculation means for calculating these data may be performed by a computer provided separately from the measuring instrument main body 30.

  The column portion 13 is attached to a support portion 14 that can move up and down and rotate the column portion 13, and includes a mechanism that can move the head portion 12 up and down and rotate it at an arbitrary angle.

  The base 20 is for mounting and fixing the product 100, and for example, a so-called XY stage that is movable in the plane direction can be used. By using the XY stage, it is possible to move the head portion 12 to a position where the head portion 12 can easily be placed inside the seating surface 101 of the product 100. Further, if an XY stage that can be further rotated is used, the column part 13 does not need to be rotatable with respect to the support part 14, and the support part 14 may be capable of only moving up and down.

  For example, a robot hand can be used for the support part 14. By using the robot hand, the position of the head unit 12 can be freely rotated in addition to the X and Y directions. In this case, the base 20 only needs to place and fix the product 100, and does not need to rotate in the XY direction.

  A procedure for measuring the tapered seat surface using the measuring apparatus described above will be described.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure for measuring the tapered seat surface 101.

  Here, the overall flow will be described first with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

  In order to measure the seating surface 101, the head portion 12 of the probe 10 is inserted into the seating surface 101 (S1).

  Next, while rotating the probe 10, a signal from the gap sensor 50 provided on the surface is detected, and a signal value of the gap sensor 50 at a position where the gap amount is maximized is acquired as a gap amount ( S2). The position where the gap amount is maximized will be described later.

  Next, an axis center deviation amount is calculated from the obtained gap amount (maximum value) (S3), and an axis center straight line is obtained (S4).

Next, the center deviation amount of the cross section at the position where the gap sensor 50 is arranged to cut the seat surface 101 centered on the obtained axial center straight line along the circumferential direction is calculated (S5). Then, the coaxiality is calculated from the center deviation amount of the obtained cross section (S11).
On the other hand, a gap amount in which the deviation is corrected is calculated from the deviation amount of the axis center (S6). Then, the roundness and the taper angle are calculated from the corrected gap amount (S12 and S13). Further, the contour degree is calculated from a value obtained by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value of the gap amount after correction (S14).

  Thereafter, the accuracy of the tapered seat surface 101 in the product 100 is determined from the obtained coaxiality, roundness, taper angle, and contour degree (S15).

  Details of each step will be described below.

  First, in the step (S1) of inserting the head part 12 of the measuring element 10 into the seating surface 101, the product position is positioned so that the head part 12 enters the seating surface 101, and then the measuring element 10 is lowered to move the head. This is done by inserting the part 12 into the seating surface 101 (see FIG. 1).

  This step may be performed by a measurement worker, or when a robot hand is used, it is performed by operating the robot according to data taught in advance. At this time, the head portion 12 is lowered to a position until it no longer descends, so that the head portion 12 is surely placed in the seat surface 101.

  When the head unit 12 is inserted, the XY stage or the XY direction of the robot hand may once be in a free state. As a result, the head unit 12 moves down along the tapered surface in the seating surface 101, so that the product 100 moves in the XY direction or the robot hand moves in the XY direction, so that the head is surely placed inside the seating surface 101. Part 12 can be inserted. However, once the head part 12 is inserted into the seating surface 101, the XY direction of the XY stage or the robot hand is fixed. This is because, when the head portion 12 is rotated when searching for the maximum value of the gap amount in step 2 thereafter, the product position may be shifted each time the head portion 12 is rotated in the free state. This is because the distance from the gap sensor 50 cannot be measured accurately. In particular, when there is one gap sensor 50 in the direction around the head (in the case of FIG. 2B), it must be fixed. However, if the number of gap sensors 50 in the circumferential direction of the head portion is increased and the head portion 12 does not need to be rotated when searching for the maximum gap amount, the XY direction of the XY stage or robot hand is It may always be free.

  Next, in the step of searching for the maximum value of the gap amount (S2), the head portion 12 placed in the seating surface 101 is rotated by a predetermined angle, and the distance between the seating surface 101 and the gap sensor 50 is measured at each position. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the maximum value of the gap amount, and shows a cross section taken along line L1 in FIG.

  As shown in the figure, the gap amount does not exist evenly in the circumferential direction of the seat surface 101 but has a large portion and a small portion depending on the bias of the seat surface deformation. In the figure, the maximum positions Ga1 and Gc1 and the minimum positions Gb1 and Gd1 of the gap amount are repeated every 90 °. That is, when the seating surface 101 is viewed from above, the shape is an ellipse DD. In the figure, a circle SD is a perfect circle shown for comparison. In this step (S2), the maximum position is searched from such a biased gap amount, and the value at that time is measured as the gap amount.

  For this purpose, for example, in the case where the four gap sensors 50 are arranged in the circumferential direction shown in FIG. 2A, the probe 10 is rotated little by little until it reaches at least 45 °. Measure. For example, the measurement is performed for each rotation by rotating in 1 ° increments, 3 ° increments, 5 ° increments, 10 ° increments, and the like. Of course, the step angle may be arbitrary, and the finer the accuracy, the more accurate, but if it is too fine, the measurement takes time. For this reason, it is preferable that the increment is 5 ° or 10 °. For example, in the case of 5 ° increments, it is only necessary to make a total of three measurements, once at the first insertion, once at 5 ° and once at another 5 °.

  On the other hand, in the case where one gap sensor 50 is arranged in the circumferential direction shown in FIG. 2B, the gap 10 is measured by rotating the measuring element 10 little by little until reaching 360 °. . In this case as well, the rotation increment may be rotated at an arbitrary increment angle in consideration of measurement efficiency and accuracy, such as 1 ° increment, 3 ° increment, 5 ° increment, 10 ° increment, and the like.

  When the head unit 12 is rotated, the head unit 12 may be rotated while being placed in the seating surface 101, or the head unit 12 is rotated by being lifted slightly from the seating surface 101, and the head unit 12 is again rotated. The gap amount may be measured by pressing against the surface.

  Next, the step (S3) of calculating the axial center deviation amount obtains the center deviation amount in each of the circumferential cross sections L1 to L3 at the position where the maximum gap amount obtained in step (S2) is obtained. The L1-L3 cross section is a cross section at the position where the gap sensor 50 is provided.

  In FIG. 4, only the L1 cross section is shown, but the L2 and L3 cross sections are the same, and the illustration is omitted.

  The gap amounts in the L1 cross section are Ga1, Gb1, Gc1, and Gd1. These values are obtained from each gap sensor 50 at the corresponding position.

  Here, if the amount of deviation when the center of the head portion 12 is the temporary axis center position (virtual center) is expressed as XY coordinates (with the virtual center as the origin) in FIG. 4, the amount of deviation in the X direction is ZL1x. The amount of deviation in the Y direction is determined by the following equations (1) and (2) as ZL1y.

ZL1x = (Ga1-Gc1) / 2 (1)
ZL1y = (Gb1-Gd1) / 2 (2)
Similarly, the axial center shift amounts of the L2 and L3 cross sections are obtained as ZL2x, ZL2y, ZL3x, and ZL3y.

  Next, it becomes a step (S4) of calculating the axis center straight line from the deviation amount in each cross section obtained in S3.

  In this step (S4), the axis center straight line has the Z-X plane and Z-axis as the Z-axis (the depth direction of the seating surface, that is, the direction in which the head portion is inserted) as the direction perpendicular to the cross section shown in FIG. It calculates | requires about each of -Y surface.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the ZX plane. In FIG. 5, the vertical axis is the X direction and the horizontal axis is the Z direction. In the figure, symbol ST is a head portion outline, a taper surface to be measured by DD, Zx is an axis center straight line obtained by the following equation (3), and ZL1x, ZL2x, and ZL3x are center shift positions in the respective cross sections.

  The ZY plane is the same as that in FIG. 5 and the horizontal axis only changes in the Y direction, and is not shown.

  The straight line on the Z-X plane is the following formula (3), and the straight line on the Z-Y plane is the following formula (4).

Zx = Ax (X) + Bx (3), Zy = Ay (Y) + By (4)
The slope Ax in the equation (3) is obtained by approximation from the ZL1x, ZL2x, ZL3x by the least square method. A specific formula is as the following formula (5).

Ax = (3Σ (ZLix · Li) − (ΣZLix) (ΣLi) / (3Σ (Zlix) ² − (ΣZLix) ² ) (5)
In the formula, i is a natural number of 1 to 3. Therefore, here, Zlix represents ZL1x, ZL2x, and ZL3x. Li is a coordinate value in the Z direction of the L1 to L3 cross sections.

  The intercept Bx in the equation (3) is obtained by the following equation (6).

Bx = (ZL1x + ZL2x + ZL3x) / 3−Ax · (L1 + L2 + L3) / 3 (6)
The same can be obtained for the ZY plane.

  Next, the step (S5) of calculating the center deviation amount of the cross section at the position where the gap sensor 50 is arranged is to obtain the center shift amount of each of the cross sections L1, L2, and L3 from the axis center straight line obtained in S4.

  The displacement amount in the X direction of the cross section of Li (i = 1 to 3) is obtained by substituting the position of Li, that is, the coordinate value in the Z-axis direction from the origin to Li, in the equation (3) obtained earlier. Is required. That is, the displacement amount in the X direction of the Li (i = 1 to 3) cross section = Ax · Li + Bx. Similarly, the amount of deviation in the Y direction can be obtained by substituting the coordinate value in the Z-axis direction from the origin to Li in equation (4).

  Next, the degree of coaxiality is calculated from the center deviation amount in each obtained cross section (S11).

In order to obtain the coaxiality, the distance from the axial center is obtained from the shift amount of the axial center of each cross section, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in each cross section of L1, L2, L3 is defined as the coaxiality. The distance from the axis center is the distance from the axis center = √ ((Ax · L1 + Bx) ² + (Ay · L1 + By) ² ) in the L1 cross section. The same applies to the L2 cross section and the L3 cross section.

  After S5, it becomes a step (S6) of calculating the gap amount in which the shift amount of the shaft center is corrected. In this step (S6), the gap amount of each cross section obtained in S2 is obtained by subtracting the deviation amount from the axis center obtained in S5. Assuming that the gap amount after this axial center shift correction is HGa, HGb, HGc, HGd, the following equations (5) to (8) are obtained.

HGai = Gai-Ax.Li + Bx (5)
HGbi = Gbi-Ay · Li + By (6)
HGci = Gci + Ax · Li + Bx (7)
HGdi = Gdi + Ay · Li + By (8)
In the formula, i = 1 to 3.

  Next, the roundness is calculated from the corrected gap amount (S12). In this step (S12), a value obtained by adding the corrected gap amount HGa and the gap amount of HGc at 180 ° to the HGa is defined as HGab. Further, a value HGbd is obtained by adding a gap amount between HGb at a position of 90 ° with respect to HGa and HGd at a position of 180 ° with respect to HGb. Then, the difference between HGab and HGbd is obtained as roundness.

  Next, the taper angle is calculated from the corrected gap amount (S13). The taper angle is calculated from the difference in the reference circle diameter of each cross section. First, the distance from the L1 cross section to the L2 cross section is L12, the distance from the L2 cross section to the L3 cross section is L23, and the taper angle between L12 is θab. Assuming that the cross-sectional dimensions of the head portion 12 at the position where the gap sensor 50 is provided are Sha, Shb, and Shc, the taper angles θab and θbc between the cross-sections are expressed by the following equations (9) and (10).

Taper angle θab = TAN ⁻¹ ((((Sha + ((HGa1 + HGc1) + (HGb1 + HGd1)) / 2− (Shb + ((HGa2 + HGc2) + (HGb2 + HGd2)) / 2)) / L12) / 2) × 180 / π (9)
Similarly, the taper angle θbc = TAN ⁻¹ ((((Shb + ((HGa2 + HGc2) + (HGb2 + HGd2)) / 2− (Shc + ((HGa3 + HGc3)) + (HGb3 + HGd3)) / 2)) / L12) / 2) × 180 / π (10)
Further, the gap amount of each cross section may be directly converted into an angle from the difference between the gap amounts and the distance of the position where the gap sensor 50 is arranged by the positional difference between the upper and lower cross sections.

  Next, the contour degree is calculated from the corrected gap amount obtained in S5 (S14). For this purpose, a gap amount maximum value (MAX) and a gap amount minimum value (MIN) are first obtained from the corrected gap amount. Then, by subtracting the gap amount minimum value (MIN) from the gap amount maximum value (MAX), the difference between them is obtained, and this is used as the contour degree.

  Finally, the completion system of the seating surface 101 is determined from the data of the coaxiality, the roundness, the taper angle, and the contour (S15). There are various methods for this determination step. For example, an allowable range may be set for each data of coaxiality, roundness, taper angle, and contour, and it may be determined whether or not the data is within the allowable range.

  Moreover, you may make it perform the quality determination by multiple regression calculation. For example, each data is acquired in advance using a plurality of non-defective products and defective products, and a multiple regression calculation formula is created in which the values of each data are explanatory variables and the values used for pass / fail judgment are objective variables. And it determines by putting the value of each data acquired from the product 100 which quality-inspects into the created multiple regression calculation formula.

  At this time, the value used for the pass / fail judgment as the objective variable differs depending on the product 100. As an example, a ball joint used for fastening a suspension part of an automobile is press-fitted so as to come into contact with a tapered seat surface 101 included in the tapered piece part. If the finished precision of the tapered seat surface 101 of the taper piece component is poor, it may cause a backlash between the ball joint that is press-fitted and supported there. The residual axial force is an index indicating whether or not the ball joint is securely attached to such a taper piece component.

  Therefore, a multiple regression calculation formula is created in advance using the remaining axial force as an explanatory variable with the values of the objective variable, coaxiality, roundness, taper angle, and contour data. After that, the taper-shaped seating surface 101 of the product 100 (taper piece part here) is measured by the procedure described above, and the obtained axial force is obtained by applying each obtained data to the multiple regression equation. The quality of the part can be determined by the remaining axial force.

  FIG. 6 is a graph showing the correlation between the actually measured residual axial force and the residual axial force obtained by the multiple regression calculation formula. In FIG. 6, the vertical axis represents the actually measured residual axial force, and the horizontal axis represents the residual axial force obtained by the multiple regression calculation formula. For comparison, FIG. 7 is a graph showing the correlation between the area of the tapered surface measured by the contact area method using Komyotan and the actually measured residual axial force. In FIG. 7, the vertical axis represents the residual axial force actually measured, and the horizontal axis represents the area of the tapered surface measured using Komyotan. To measure the area of the tapered surface using Komyotan, coat the taper plug gauge with Komyotan, insert it into the seating surface 101, and measure the area of the Komyotan part adhering to the tapered seating surface 101. Is. This method has been used for a long time and will not be described in detail.

  6 and 7 is a tapered seat surface 101 of the taper piece component for fastening the above-described ball joint.

  As can be seen from FIG. 6, the residual axial force obtained by multiple regression calculation obtained from the data of the coaxiality, roundness, taper angle, and contour measured using this embodiment gathered in the vicinity of the straight line indicating the correlation. It is coming. On the other hand, from FIG. 7, the area of the taper surface and the residual axial force measured by the contact area method using Komyotan are far from a straight line that shows a correlation. The correlation coefficient R between the two was R = 0.88 (in FIG. 6) in the case of multiple regression calculation, and R = 0.58 (in FIG. 7) in the case of using Mitsumetan.

  From this, the measuring method of the tapered seat surface 101 according to the present embodiment and the residual axial force by the multiple regression calculation using the measured value are the axes when the component is used in the component having the tapered seat surface 101. It can be used as an indicator of force management.

  In addition, when using multiple regression calculation, it is not limited to such residual axial force. For example, the accuracy of the tapered seat surface 101 may be determined by creating a multiple regression calculation formula using the accuracy itself (0 or 1) as an objective variable.

  As described above, the value used as the explanatory variable when the multiple regression calculation is used does not need to use the SI unit system, and the resistance value or the voltage value obtained from the gap sensor 50 can be directly used. In this case, of course, it is necessary to create a multiple regression calculation formula by directly using values such as resistance values and voltage values as measurement results. This eliminates the need to convert the measurement result values such as the resistance value and the voltage value into the SI unit system each time the measured product is measured.

  Next, the arrangement of the gap sensor 50 in the head unit 12 will be described.

  First, the arrangement of the gap sensor 50 in the depth direction of the seating surface 101 will be described.

  FIG. 8 is a graph showing a change in the gap amount in the depth direction in the seating surface 101. The horizontal axis is the depth in the seating surface 101, and L0 is the bottom. The vertical axis represents the gap amount, and zero indicates no gap.

  The position of the gap sensor 50 is important for the measurement of the tapered seat surface 101 and the accuracy control. If higher accuracy is required, it is considered that a larger number of gap sensors 50 is better. However, since the gap sensor 50 cannot be attached infinitely, it is important to arrange the gap sensor 50 at an appropriate position in order to obtain the necessary and sufficient accuracy for efficient and product management.

  The deformation on the tapered surface is substantially determined by the rigidity of the axle part in which the taper piece is embedded and the rigidity of the joint that contacts the seating surface 101 of the taper piece.

  The example of FIG. 8 is a result of measuring the taper piece seating surface 101 with a three-dimensional measuring machine after pressing the ball joint into the taper piece seating surface 101 in the automobile suspension described above.

  In such a tapered surface, by disposing the gap sensor 50 only in the portion where the angle of the tapered surface changes, the angle of the entire tapered surface can be known.

  That is, by placing the gap sensor 50 at the measurement point A, measurement point B, and measurement point C, the angle of the entire tapered surface can be accurately obtained as the angle in the L12 cross section and the angle in the L23 cross section.

  Even in the case of a new taper whose gap amount is unknown, if the gap amount is once measured with a three-dimensional measuring machine, the deviation of the change is obtained and FEM analysis or the like is performed, it is an effective position to capture the gap amount. Can be easily obtained.

  As described above, by measuring at three measurement points in the depth direction according to the difference in bias amount of each gap amount, measurement can be performed with high accuracy without increasing the number of gap sensors 50.

  By doing in this way, even if it is a taper surface after inserting a ball joint in a taper piece and deform | transforming once, it can measure with high precision.

  As described above, by using the remaining axial force as an index by multiple regression calculation, it is possible to determine how much axial force is present in a state where the ball joint is inserted into the tapered piece as the accuracy control of the tapered surface.

  In some cases, after the ball joint is inserted into the taper piece and the deformation is applied, the taper surface is further processed. Even in such a case, it is still possible to manage the axial force with higher accuracy by measuring using the present apparatus compared to the conventional method of managing the contact area.

  By setting such three points in the depth direction, the entire tapered surface can be accurately measured even in a state before deformation, that is, in a state where L1 to L3 in the figure are linear tapered surfaces. Can do.

  On the other hand, the measurement points in the circumferential direction are preferably measured at a total of four points at which the two points facing each other in the seating surface 101 are orthogonal, as already described with reference to FIG. This is also because the deformation made by inserting the ball joint into the taper piece becomes an ellipse. Therefore, it is possible to accurately measure the four points at the maximum length and the minimum length of the ellipse, and to know the residual axial force from the result.

  In this way, by inserting the ball joint into the taper piece and arranging the gap sensor according to the shape bias after deformation, it can be used after product use as well as judging the accuracy of the finished shape of the product It is also possible to determine whether or not.

  Such a gap sensor arrangement is not only adapted to the deformation applied by inserting a ball joint into the taper piece, but, for example, if the taper surface is deformed as a design shape, such deformation (uneven shape) It may be arranged according to. Further, if only a tapered surface that is linear in design is measured without deformation, if the gap sensor is measured with at least two, the result can be the shape of the entire tapered surface.

  According to the embodiment of the present invention described above, the following effects can be obtained.

  Since at least two gap sensors 50 are provided in the depth direction of the seating surface 101 having a taper and the gap amount from the reference point is measured, a plurality of tapers in the seating surface 101 are arranged in the depth direction. The change of the surface of the seating surface 101 can be captured at the position. Therefore, it is possible to determine the accuracy of the tapered surface as the entire surface.

  Moreover, since the structure of the probe 10 is very simple, for example, the measurement time can be shortened compared to the case of using a traditional three-dimensional measuring machine with an area method using a light attenuator or a complicated apparatus configuration. And the cost of the apparatus can be reduced.

  The gap amount is measured at four positions in the circumferential direction of the seating surface 101 by the gap sensor 50, and the roundness, taper angle, coaxiality, and contour degree of the seating surface 101 are obtained from the results. The difference in shape in the circumferential direction can also be determined.

  When measuring at four locations in the circumferential direction according to the shape deviation of the product 100 (parts) of the seating surface 101 having the taper, the position where the gap amount is maximized was set as the measurement position. This is because, for example, the shape deviation of a cast (iron, aluminum, etc.) part or forged part which is the base of the product 100, or the shape deviation caused by press-fitting the axle part is an elliptical shape. Therefore, it is possible to reliably capture the tapered surface with the minimum number of gap sensors 50 matched to the circumferential deviation of these shapes.

  Since the gap sensor 50 is arranged according to the deformation of the tapered surface in the depth direction of the seat surface 101, the depth direction of the tapered surface can be reliably captured with the minimum number of gap sensors 50. it can.

  Since the gap sensors 50 are arranged at at least two points in the depth direction of the seating surface 101 and at four positions that are 90 ° apart from each other in the circumferential direction, the head sensor 12 is measured when measuring the entire circumferential direction of the seating surface 101. The rotation angle can be reduced. Therefore, the measurement time can be shortened.

  In addition, since the gap sensor 50 is arranged at least two points in the depth direction of the seating surface 101 and one place in the circumferential direction, the apparatus cost is reduced as compared with the case where the gap sensor 50 is arranged in four places in the circumferential direction. it can.

  Further, since the maximum value of the gap amount is detected by rotating the head portion 12 provided with the gap sensor 50, the surface accuracy of the entire seating surface 101 can be measured and determined by a simple operation.

  Although the embodiment to which the present invention is applied has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the present invention can be implemented in various forms based on the technical idea described in the claims. It is.

1 measuring device,
10 probe,
12 head,
13 Pillars,
14 support part,
20 bases,
30 Measuring instrument body,
50 gap measuring instrument,
100 products,
101 Seat surface.

Claims (11)

A head portion inserted into a seating surface having a tapered surface;
Wherein are eclipsed least three setting to the head portion surface in the depth direction of the seat surface, and a gap sensor for measuring the gap size to the seat surface from a predetermined reference point,
I have a,
One of the at least three gap sensors is arranged at a position where the angle of the taper surface in the depth direction of the seat surface changes . Three gap sensors are provided on the surface of the head portion in the depth direction of the seating surface,
  2. The tapered seating surface measuring device according to claim 1, wherein one gap sensor disposed at a position where the angle of the tapered surface changes is a gap sensor in the middle of the three gap sensors. 3. . 3. The tapered seat according to claim 1, wherein the object to be measured is a taper piece, and the position where the angle of the taper surface changes is a position where a ball joint is inserted into the taper piece and deformation is applied. Surface measuring device. The gap sensor measures the gap amount at four positions in the circumferential direction of the seat surface,
The four positions in the circumferential direction of the seating surface are the positions where the gap amount is maximized, the positions facing the seating surface, and the positions where the gap amount shifted by 90 ° with respect to the maximum position is minimized. tapered seat surface measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a position facing in the seat surface a at.   5. The gap sensor according to claim 1, wherein the gap sensor is arranged at four points at least three points in the depth direction of the seating surface and 90 degrees apart from each other in the circumferential direction. The taper-shaped bearing surface measuring apparatus as described.   5. The tapered seating surface according to claim 1, wherein the gap sensor is disposed at least at three points in the depth direction of the seating surface and at one location in the circumferential direction. measuring device.   The tapered seating surface according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising calculation means for calculating the roundness, taper angle, coaxiality, and contour degree of the seating surface from the gap amount. measuring device. Insert the head part of the measuring element having the head part into the seating surface having the tapered surface,
Said head portion in the depth direction of the seat surface on the surface at least three setting vignetting, and one of the at least three are arranged in a position angle of the tapered surface in the depth direction of the seat surface is changed by it and the gap sensor, the tapered seat surface measuring method characterized by measuring the gap size to the seating surface surface from the reference point.   The gap amount is measured at four positions in the circumferential direction of the seating surface, and the roundness, taper angle, coaxiality, and contour degree of the seating surface are calculated from the measured gap amount. The tapered seating surface measuring method according to claim 8.   The four positions in the circumferential direction of the seating surface for measuring the gap amount are the positions where the gap amount is the maximum, the positions facing in the seating surface, and the gaps shifted by 90 ° with respect to the maximum position. The taper-shaped seating surface measuring method according to claim 9, wherein measurement is performed at a position where the amount is minimum and facing in the seating surface.   The maximum position is found by measuring the gap amount by rotating the head portion on which the gap sensor is arranged in accordance with the deformation of the tapered surface in the depth direction of the seat surface. Item 10. The method for measuring a tapered bearing surface according to any one of Items 8 to 10.

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