JP5531340B2 - Ventilation booth - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention contains infectious disease patients for the purpose of preventing nosocomial infections caused by airborne microbes such as airborne tuberculosis bacteria and airborne viruses released from infected or suspected infections, or allergic symptoms such as hay fever. The present invention relates to a ventilation booth installed in a medical institution, a nursing care welfare facility, a dental clinic, or the like to accommodate a patient for the purpose of placing the patient in a purification environment.

  An air conditioning system for a hospital room that accommodates a carrier patient has been proposed (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example). The air conditioning system for a hospital room includes an enclosure made of, for example, vinyl surrounding the entire bed to form a room for accommodating the entire bed, and a negative pressure source such as a fan device for applying negative pressure to the enclosure. With. Airborne microorganisms, such as airborne bacteria and airborne viruses released from patients lying on the bed in the enclosure, are captured by the HEPA filter incorporated in the fan device, thus preventing nosocomial infection by these airborne microorganisms. Can do.

  Further, a part of the bed is covered with an enclosure without covering the entire bed, and purified air is supplied from the blowing means serving as a positive pressure source into the enclosure to keep the enclosure at a positive pressure. A clean booth has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1). According to this, compared with the case of using an enclosure that covers the entire bed, the capacity of the blowing means can be reduced, and allergic symptoms such as hay fever are contained in the positive pressure booth covered with the enclosure. By accommodating the patient, the patient can be placed in a clean environment.

  However, according to the prior art described above, in order to enable switching between the positive pressure booth and the negative pressure booth, the negative pressure source and the positive pressure source are required separately, and the number of components increases. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that the configuration becomes complicated and expensive. Alternatively, in order to enable switching between the positive pressure booth and the negative pressure booth, modification work including replacement of the negative pressure source or the filter of the positive pressure source is required, so that the switching work is troublesome.

JP-A-11-166756

"Bed isolator LI-35", catalog, pandemic countermeasure material download [online] August 29, 2008, Isotech Co., Ltd. [searched March 19, 2009], Internet <http: //www.iiso. co.jp/download_top.htm>

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to easily cover a patient on a bed, and can be used to switch between positive pressure and negative pressure without causing an increase in the size of a blower that applies negative pressure or positive pressure. To provide a ventilation booth.

  The ventilation booth according to the present invention includes an enclosure that covers an upper portion of the bed surface of the bed and exposes the rest of the bed surface, a frame assembly that supports the enclosure, and a negative pressure or pressure in the enclosure. A ventilation booth including a blower for sucking air from the enclosure or supplying air to the enclosure to maintain a positive pressure, the enclosure having a ceiling part and a peripheral wall part, A mounting opening for the air blower is provided in the peripheral wall portion, and the air blower is provided with a suction opening for sucking air in one of the surfaces facing each other, and blows air out to the other of the surfaces facing each other A housing provided with a blow-off opening, and an air passage communicating with the two openings in the housing across the air passage, for generating an air flow from the suction opening toward the blow-off opening A unit device comprising an air source and a filter for purifying air from the suction opening, wherein the blowout opening and the suction opening of the housing are selectively connected to the mounting opening of the peripheral wall portion via a connecting means. Removably connected, the air source is driven and rotated in only one direction.

  According to the present invention, the surrounding body covers the upper part of the head side region of the bed surface without covering the whole bed and exposes the remaining part. In addition, by connecting, for example, a suction opening of the blower to the mounting opening of the peripheral wall portion, the enclosure can be held at a negative pressure and can be used as a negative pressure booth. Moreover, by connecting the blowing opening of the blower to the mounting opening of the peripheral wall portion, the enclosure can be held at a positive pressure and can be used as a positive pressure booth.

  Therefore, by selecting the attachment surface of the blower to the enclosure so as to selectively connect one of the two openings of the blower to the attachment opening provided in the peripheral wall of the enclosure, The positive pressure booth and the negative pressure booth can be switched and used without modifying the blower device such as replacing the filter.

  Further, as described above, the enclosure covers the upper part of the head side region of the bed surface and exposes the remainder, so that the capacity of the blower for applying negative pressure or positive pressure to the enclosure is exerted. The size can be reduced, and the size reduction enables the blower to be unitized.

  The ceiling part of the enclosure is located above the head side region and has a side corresponding to the head side edge of the bed surface and a pair of sides extending from both ends of the one side along both side edges of the bed surface. The entire shape can be rectangular. In this case, the peripheral wall portion includes four peripheral wall portions that respectively hang down from the respective sides of the ceiling portion toward the bed surface, and the other three of the other than the peripheral wall portion located on the foot side of the bed surface. The lower edge of the peripheral wall portion is in contact with the bed surface or the bedding on the bed surface, and the lower edge of the peripheral wall portion located on the foot side is located above the lower edges of the other three peripheral wall portions, And it is spaced from the bed surface or the bedding on the bed surface so as to maintain a gap that allows air to flow on both sides of the person who is on the bed. Thereby, the both side parts of the lower edge of the peripheral wall portion on the foot side can act as an air vent in the enclosure, that is, in the booth.

  The attachment opening can be provided in any one of the other three peripheral wall portions excluding the peripheral wall portion on the foot side. The unit device may be removably supported on the frame assembly so as to suck air from the enclosure through the mounting opening or supply air to the enclosure.

  A first joint surface provided as one of the first and second engaging portions, which is disposed around the both openings of the housing and is releasably engaged with each other as the connecting means; Further, it is possible to employ a connection means that is disposed around the mounting opening around the peripheral wall portion and has a second joining surface provided with the other of the first portion and the second engaging portion. The connection means selectively connects one of the blowout opening and the suction opening to the enclosure, and between the mounting opening of the peripheral wall portion and the blowout opening or the suction opening of the unit device. Responsible for the sealing function.

  As an example of the connecting means described above, there can be mentioned a hook-and-loop fastener made up of one and the other of a plurality of hooks and loops with which the first and second engaging parts are releasably engaged with each other.

  The unit device can be removably supported on the frame assembly via a support member provided on the housing.

  As the support member, a hook member that is provided on each of the opposing surfaces of the housing and detachably suspends the unit device from the frame assembly can be used.

  The unit device preferably has a blowing capacity of 200 L / min or more.

  When the enclosure is used while being held at a negative pressure, the dimension along the longitudinal direction of the lying patient is preferably set to 40 cm or more.

  A number of hook portions and loops that extend above the lower edge of the fourth peripheral wall portion of the enclosure and extend in a direction perpendicular to the ridgeline of the adjacent peripheral wall portions and releasably engage with each other It is possible to attach the hook and loop fasteners formed from one side and the other side of the portion to the inside of the first to fourth peripheral wall portions. In this case, one of the hook portion and the loop portion of the hook and loop fastener is provided on one of the peripheral wall portions adjacent to form the ridge line of the first to fourth peripheral wall portions, and the other of the hook portion and the loop portion. Can be provided on the other of the adjacent peripheral wall portions to form the ridgeline. Since the lower part of the enclosure can be narrowed down by the reduction of the bed surface by the surface fastener band, the ventilation booth of the present invention can be applied to a small stretcher bed.

  A cutting line passing through at least one of the four ridge lines formed by the first to fourth peripheral wall portions adjacent to the surrounding body or passing through the peripheral wall portion in the vertical direction may be constituted by a head-to-head fastener. it can. A slider opening can be formed between the pair of sliders by operating the pair of sliders constituting the head-fitting fastener in a direction away from each other. For example, when the ventilation booth is applied to a dialysis treatment bed, the slider opening can be used as an insertion hole of a dialysis treatment blood tube extending from the dialysis apparatus to a patient on the bed.

  According to the present invention, as described above, it is possible to reduce the size of the enclosure itself, and also to significantly reduce the blowing capacity of the blowing device for applying a negative pressure or a positive pressure to the enclosure. The air blower can be unitized, and one of the openings of the unitized air blower can be selectively connected to the mounting opening provided on the peripheral wall of the enclosure. By selecting the mounting surface of the blower, it is possible to switch between the positive pressure booth and the negative pressure booth without modifying the blower such as replacing the filter.

It is a perspective view of a ventilation booth according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which the fan filter unit shown in FIG. 1 is removed from the enclosure; It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the usage pattern of the fan filter unit shown in FIG. 1, (a) is used as a negative pressure source, (b) shows the example used as a positive pressure source, It is a graph showing the change over time of the concentration of fine particles in the ventilation booth according to the present invention, It is a front view showing another example of a ventilation booth according to the present invention, 1 shows an example in which a weight is applied to the enclosure shown in FIG. 1, (a) shows a cross section, (b) shows a front view, It is a perspective view schematically showing an example in which still another example of the ventilation booth according to the present invention is applied to a standard bed, FIG. 8 is a perspective view schematically showing an example in which the ventilation booth shown in FIG. 7 is applied to a stretcher bed having a bed width smaller than a standard bed, It is a perspective view which shows roughly the example which applied the further another example of the ventilation booth which concerns on this invention to the standard bed. FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 9 showing still another example of a ventilation booth according to the present invention; FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an example in which the enclosure of the ventilation booth shown in FIG. 10 is opened by a line fastener provided in the enclosure.

  A ventilation booth 10 according to the present invention is provided in connection with a bed 14 on which a patient 12 lies, as shown in FIG. The ventilation booth 10 includes a frame assembly 16, an enclosure 18 supported by the frame assembly, and a fan filter unit 20 that is a blower device for maintaining a negative pressure or a positive pressure in the enclosure, that is, in the booth. Including.

  The frame assembly 16 has an overall rectangular base portion 16a that can be placed under the bed, a column portion 16b that rises upward from a part of the base portion, and a space from the top portion of the column portion to the base portion 16a. A generally rectangular ceiling portion 16c extending parallel to the base portion and extending across the bed surface so as to cover the bed surface 14a of the bed 14 (or a mat surface (not shown) on the bed surface); Is provided.

In the illustrated example, the column portion 16b includes a rectangular lower frame 24a and an upper frame 24b each composed of a pair of short side frame members 22a and 22a and a pair of long side frame members 22b ₁ and 22b ₂ , and a lower frame 24a. It is formed of a rectangular parallelepiped frame that is composed of four pillars 22c that rise from four corners and connect the four corners of both frames 24a and 24b. By constituting the column portion 16b with the above-described rectangular parallelepiped frame, when the fan filter unit 20 is attached to the frame assembly 16 as will be described later, the balance of the frame assembly is prevented from being lost, thereby the fan filter unit. 20 is securely held.

Further, the column portion 16b has a pair of long side frame members 22b ₁ and 22b ₂ of the upper frame 24b, and is below the vicinity of one long side frame member 22b ₂ located on the extending direction side of the ceiling portion 16c. parallel to the long side frame members 22b _2, the horizontal frame members 22d are provided auxiliary. Between the long sides frame members 22b ₂ and the auxiliary lateral frame member 22 d, the vertical frame member 22e of the pair of auxiliary, 22e are provided. Horizontal frame members 22d may both ends are connected to the corresponding pole 22c, the auxiliary vertical frame members 22e, 22e is, both ends are connected to a corresponding long side frame members 22b ₂ and the auxiliary lateral frame members 22d . The long side frame member 22b ₂ , the auxiliary horizontal frame member 22d and the pair of auxiliary vertical frame members 22e and 22e of the upper frame 24b define a mounting opening 26 corresponding to an opening (26) described later of the enclosure 18. To do.

The base portion 16a includes a pair of base frame members 22f and 22f and a connecting frame member 22g that connects the base frame members 22f and 22f. These frame members 22f, 22f, 22 g, together with the long side frame members 22b ₁ of the pillar portion 16b, so that exhibits a rectangular shape of substantially the same area as the ceiling portion 16c, are assembled through the joint, also long sides The frame member 22b ₂ is connected to the pair of base frame members 22f and 22f through joints, thereby reinforcing the base portion 16a.

The pair of base frame members 22f and 22f are arranged at intervals from the corresponding short side frame member 22a of the lower frame 24a to the inside of the lower frame 24a. As a result, of the legs 14b of the bed 14, a pair of legs located on the head side (the side on which the head 12a of the patient 12 is located) of the bed surface 14a (or the mat surface, hereinafter represented by the bed surface). The base portion 16a can be inserted below the bed 14 without interfering with one base frame member 22f adjacent to the leg (14b ₁ ) of 14b.

  By inserting the base portion 16a under the bed 14, the ceiling portion 16c of the frame assembly 16 can be disposed so as to cover the bed surface 14a of the bed 14 as described above.

Ceiling portion 16c of the frame assembly 16, each end to the other long side frame members 22b ₁ of the upper frame 24b is connected in parallel with the corresponding short-side frame member 22a of the pillar portion 16b, the one long comprising side frame members 22b ₂ to beyond the pair of top frame member that extends 22h, and 22h, both top base frame member 22h, and a connecting frame member 22i having both ends connected to the extended end of 22h. In the illustrated example, between the further column portions 16b the other long side frame members 22b ₁ and connecting frame members 22i, that the pillar portion 16b and the top base frame member 22h, between the farthest portion of the 22h, a pair of top frame A reinforcing frame member 22j is passed between the members 22h and 22h. The ceiling portion 16c composed of the frame members 22h to 22j extends from one side of the bed surface 14a to the other side across the bed surface from one side of the head surface side of the bed surface 14a.

  In the illustrated example, in order to facilitate movement of the frame assembly 16, casters 30 capable of rolling the floor 28 of the hospital room are provided on the lower frame 24 a and the base portion 16 a of the frame assembly. With this caster 30, the ventilation booth 10 can be easily set to a predetermined posture and position as will be described later with respect to the bed 14 from a desired direction.

  The enclosure 18 is made of a transparent flexible shielding film such as vinyl, for example, and has a rectangular ceiling 18a as a whole, and first to fourth hanging downward along each side of the rectangular ceiling. Peripheral wall portions 18b, 18c, 18d and 18e.

The ceiling portion 18a of the enclosure 18 has a rectangular shape formed by four straight sides 32a, 32b, 32c and 32d. One side 32a is along one top frame member 22h located along the edge part of the head side of bed surface 14a among a pair of top frame members 22h and 22h of frame assembly 16. Edges 32b and 32c are side 32a opposite ends connecting frame members 22i and one along the long side frame members 22b ₂ wherein from, i.e. extending along the side edges of the bed surface 14a. The side 32d is parallel to the side 32a between the extended ends of the pair of sides 32b and 32c.

  From the one side 32a of the ceiling portion 18a, the first peripheral wall portion 18b on the head side hangs down toward the bed surface 14a, and the lower edge of the head side peripheral wall portion 18b extends below the bed surface beyond the bed surface 14a. Has a height dimension sufficient to reach. From the sides 32b and 32c of the ceiling portion 18a, the side peripheral wall portions 18c and 18d hang down toward the bed surface 14a, respectively. The both side peripheral wall portions 18c and 18d have a height dimension sufficient for the lower edge of each side wall to extend below the bed surface beyond the bed surface 14a. An opening (26) corresponding to the mounting opening 26 is formed in one side peripheral wall 18d located on the side 32c side of the ceiling 18a among the side peripheral walls 18c, 18d. The fan filter unit 20 is attached in connection with (26).

  On the other hand, the peripheral wall portion 18e on the foot side that hangs down from the one side 32d of the ceiling portion 18a toward the bed surface 14a has a lower edge 34 positioned in the vicinity of the bed surface 14a, but is basically spaced from the bed surface 14a.

  The enclosure 18 composed of the ceiling portion 18a and the peripheral wall portions 18b to 18d has a frame assembly via a plurality of hooks (not shown) at the ceiling portion so that the lower end is opened with the ceiling portion 18a as a top portion. The solid 16 is suspended below the ceiling 16c.

In other words, the ceiling portion 18a is suspended at a plurality of locations along both sides 32a and 32d of the pair of top frame members 22h and 22h of the frame assembly 16 via the hooks. ing. Thereby, the enclosure 18 can adjust the dimension along the width direction of the bed 14. In addition, in order to prevent the said one side surrounding wall part 18d located in the pillar part 16b side of the frame assembly 16 from leaving | separating from the pillar part 16b, the edge | side 32d and the edge | side 32c of the ceiling part 18a, and the edge | side 32a and edge | side said hook is provided at a corner formed respectively 32c, it is desirable to lock the hooks in the long side frame members 22b ₂ of the one.

  As described above, each of the peripheral wall portions 18b to 18d on the head side and both sides extending from the ceiling portion 18a toward the bed surface 14a has a height dimension sufficient to hang downward from the bed surface 14a. The portions 18b to 18d can contact the edge portion so as to close the space between the peripheral wall portion and the corresponding edge portion of the bed surface 14a.

  On the other hand, the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e that hangs down from the one side 32d of the ceiling portion 18a toward the bed surface 14a has a lower edge 34 positioned in the vicinity of the bed surface 14a, but is basically spaced from the bed surface 14a. The lower edge 34 of the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e is a raised portion of the patient 12 on the bed, which is a raised portion on the bed, or the patient 12 of an overlaid bedding (not shown) applied to the patient. The lower edge 34 is an area excluding these raised portions, and is spaced from the bed surface 14a or the upper bedding. Therefore, the lower edge 34 of the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e is positioned above the lower edge of the other first to third peripheral wall portions 18b to 18d by the thickness of the body of the patient 12.

  In other words, when the patient 12 lies on the bed surface 14a, the lower edge 34 of the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e forms a gap t between the bed surface 14a and the upper cover on both sides of the patient. It has a length from the ceiling portion 18a. However, the peripheral wall portion 18e has a length that is in contact with the patient 12 or the upper cover covering the patient in the central portion of the lower edge 34, that is, the central region between both side portions of the patient 12. Therefore, the gap t is held under the lower edge 34 of the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e on both sides of the patient 12.

  The foot side peripheral wall portion 18e can be suspended from the ceiling portion 18a via, for example, a winding device (not shown), and the winding device causes the lower edge 34 of the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e to have a height position, that is, the gap t. Can be adjustable. Moreover, it can replace with the example which provides the said winding apparatus, and can adjust the said gap | interval t by winding up the lower edge 34 of the foot side surrounding wall part 18e.

  The enclosure 18 including the ceiling portion 18a and the peripheral wall portions 18b to 18e on the foot side, the head side, and both sides is provided with a booth that covers the upper body of the patient when the patient 12 lies on the bed 14 on the bed surface 14a. Divide into The booth on the bed 14 can be accessed by, for example, rolling up one side peripheral wall portion 18c from the lower edge and from the position of the peripheral wall portion or by lifting the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e from the lower edge 34. It can be done from the position.

If the booth width W along the width direction of the bed 14 is narrower than the width of the mat placed on the bed 14 and the patient 12 does not feel occluded, for example, if the mat width is 82 cm, the booth width W is about 75 cm. It is desirable to do. Further, the booth depth D along the longitudinal direction of the bed 14 is set to a value sufficient for the interval from the mouth position of the patient 12 on the bed 14 to the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e to be 40 cm or more, for example, about 90 cm. desirable. The booth volume by the enclosure 18 can be set to 1.0 m ³ , for example. The gap t under the lower edge 34 of the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e acts as a vent of the booth as will be described later.

  The blower device 20 is provided on the peripheral wall of the ventilation booth 10, that is, in the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, on the one side peripheral wall portion 18d in order to maintain the inside of the booth at a negative pressure or a positive pressure.

  In the air blower 20, as shown in FIG. 2, a pre-filter, a medium or a high performance filter are sequentially arranged on the downstream side of the fan 42 serving as the air source toward the downstream. That is, in the blower device 20, the openings 36a and 36b that can be aligned with the opening (26) of the one side peripheral wall 18d are formed on both surfaces facing each other, and the air passage that communicates the openings 36a and 36b inside. Formed in a generally rectangular housing 38 and across one opening 36a in the housing 38, ie, across the air passage, as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). For example, a pre-filter 40a made of a coarse dust filter, a quasi-HEPA filter 40b disposed across the other opening 36b at an interval to the pre-filter, that is, across the air passage, and between the filters 40a and 40b. And a fan 42, which is disposed across the air passage and is driven and rotated in one direction.

  The fan 42 sucks air from one opening 36a in which the pre-filter 40a is disposed, and discharges sucked air from the other opening 36b in which the semi-HEPA filter 40b is disposed by driving rotation in one direction. Therefore, the air sucked into the housing 38 from the one opening 36a that acts as an intake opening for sucking air is purified through the semi-HEPA filter 40b after passing through the prefilter 40a, and the other acting as a blowout opening that blows out air. Is discharged out of the housing 38 through the opening 36b. The prefilter 40a can be dispensed with. However, it is desirable to use the pre-filter 40a in order to prevent clogging of the semi-HEPA filter 40b and to extend the life of the HEPA filter. Further, instead of the quasi-HEPA filter 40b, a HEPA filter can be applied.

On both surfaces of the housing 38, hooks 44a and 44b are provided as means for supporting the air blower, that is, the fan filter unit 20 to the frame assembly 16, respectively. As shown in FIG. 2, a pair of hooks 44a and 44a are provided on one surface where the suction opening 36a is opened, and a pair of hooks 44b and 44b are provided on the other surface where the blowout opening 36b is opened. Yes. Each pair of hooks 44a or 44b is selectively lockable to said one longer side frame members 22b ₂ of the upper frame 24b.

For example one of the hooks 44a, by locking the 44a in a long side frame member 22b _2, be matched to the opening of the one side wall portion 18d which matches the opening 26 fitted with a suction opening 36a (26) can also by engaging the other of the hook 44b, and 44b to the long side frame members 22b _2, the outlet opening 36b, can be matched to the opening (26) of the one side wall portion 18d.

  The opening (26) of the one side peripheral wall portion 18d and the opening of the one side peripheral wall portion 18d are selectively connected in an airtight manner to the suction opening 36a and the blowout opening 36b of the fan filter unit 20. A surface fastener 46 is provided as a removable sealing means between the edge of the portion (26) and the edges of the suction opening 36a and the blowout opening 36b.

  That is, although not shown in the figure, the edges surrounding the opening (26) on the outer surface of the one side peripheral wall portion 18d, here four sides, are releasably engaged with each other as is well known. A first joint surface 46a provided with a first engaging portion made of one of a large number of hook portions and loop portions is formed. On the other hand, the edge surrounding each opening 36a, 36b on both sides of the housing 38 of the fan filter unit 20 which is a unit device, for example, a flange, is provided with a second engaging portion comprising the other of a number of hook portions and loop portions. The formed second joining surfaces 46b are respectively formed.

  As is well known in the art, the surface fastener 46 can releasably engage the first joint surface 46a and the second joint surface 46b. Therefore, when the suction opening 36a of the fan filter unit 20 is connected to the opening (26) of the one side peripheral wall 18d, the first joint surface 46a provided at the edge of the opening, and the fan filter unit By engaging one second joint surface 46b provided at the edge of the 20 suction openings 36a, both the openings 36a, (26) can be hermetically joined. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3A, the air in the booth is sucked from the suction opening 36a of the fan filter unit 20 by the operation of the fan 42, and is purified by the filtering action of the filters 40a and 40b. The air is discharged into the room through the blow-out opening 36b, and a negative pressure acts in the booth. At this time, the gap t under the lower edge 34 of the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e functions as a vent for taking in indoor air into the booth.

  When connecting the blowout opening 36b of the fan filter unit 20 to the opening (26) of the one side peripheral wall 18d, first, the suction of the fan filter unit 20 connected to the outer surface of the one side peripheral wall 18d. One second joint surface 46b provided at the edge of the opening 36a is pulled away from the first joint surface 46a provided at the edge of the opening (26). Thereafter, the facing surface of the fan filter unit 20 facing the outer surface of the one side peripheral wall portion 18d is reversed, and the surface of the housing 38 provided with the outlet opening 36b is opposed to the outer surface of the one side peripheral wall portion 18d. Let After the reversal of the posture, the first joint surface 46a provided at the edge of the mounting opening and the one second joint surface 46b provided at the edge of the blowout opening 36b of the fan filter unit 20 are engaged. By combining, both openings 36b and (26) can be airtightly joined. In this case, due to the operation of the fan 42, as shown in FIG. 3B, the indoor air is sucked from the suction opening 36a of the fan filter unit 20 and purified by the filtering action of the filters 40a and 40b. The air is discharged into the booth from the blowout opening 36b, and a positive pressure acts in the booth. At this time, the gap t under the lower edge 34 of the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e functions as a vent for discharging the air in the booth into the room.

  Even if the inside of the booth is used as a negative pressure booth or a positive pressure booth, in order for the patient 12 on the bed 14 not to feel uncomfortable due to an increase in the carbon dioxide gas concentration, the fan filter unit 20 blows air. As the capacity, a blowing capacity of 200 L / min or more is required.

  Further, in order to secure a desired negative pressure or positive pressure in the booth, the speed of the wind passing through the gap t under the lower edge 34 of the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e, that is, the ventilation hole (t) can be secured to 22 cm / second or more. Is desirable. That is, in a general hospital room, the velocity of the airflow existing in the room by the operation of the indoor air conditioner is 0 cm / second to 20 cm / second, and the direction is considered to be various. Therefore, irrespective of the direction of the wind in the room where the ventilation booth 10 is installed, in order to reliably maintain a desired negative pressure or positive pressure in the booth, the wind speed of the vent (t) is 22 cm / It is desirable to adjust the distance t under the lower edge 34 of the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e or to control the operation of the fan filter unit 20 so that the second can be maintained.

  The ventilation booth 10 according to the present invention can be used, for example, as a negative pressure booth for accommodating an infected or suspected patient 12. In this case, airborne microorganisms such as airborne bacteria and airborne viruses released from the patient 12 on the bed 14 are reliably captured by the quasi-HEPA filter 40b of the fan filter unit 20 as described with reference to FIG. Therefore, such floating microorganisms are not discharged into the hospital room that houses the ventilation booth 10, and hospital infection due to floating bacteria can be reliably prevented.

  Further, in order to surely prevent the floating microorganisms released from the patient 12 into the booth from leaking out from the vent t, as described above, the air flow along the longitudinal direction of the bed 14, that is, the air flow. The booth depth D along the line needs to be 40 cm or more, and is desirably 90 cm or more.

  This is because even if floating microorganisms are released into the booth together with the cough of the patient 12 on the bed 14, the floating microorganisms directly reach the vent (t) by setting the booth depth D to 40 cm or more. Needs to travel approximately 40 cm or more in the longitudinal direction of the bed 14. By the way, according to the experiment by the inventors of the present application, the bacteria released by cough stall at a scattering speed of almost 0 after 40 cm. Therefore, the floating microorganisms that have traveled 40 cm or more along the longitudinal direction of the bed 14 and have reached the vent (t) are counteracted by the air velocity from the vent (t) to 22 cm / sec or more through the vent. This is because it is reliably prevented from leaking into the room.

  In this case, in order to ensure that the distance from the mouth position of the patient 12 on the bed 14 to the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e is 40 cm or more, the booth depth D is preferably about 90 cm as described above. By securing this booth depth D, the floating microorganisms can be more reliably prevented from leaking into the hospital room from the vent (t), and more reliably by the semi-HEPA filter 40b of the fan filter unit 20. Can be captured. Instead of the quasi-HEPA filter 40b, a HEPA filter can be used.

  FIG. 4 shows that the nebulizer is used in the negative pressure ventilation booth described above to spray 1 wt% urine urine solution (total amount is 3 microliters) in the booth for 1 second, and the booth after spraying using a particle counter. It is a graph of the experimental result which counted the particle | grain number (number / 1 liter of air) of the magnitude | size which is 0.3 micrometer or more remaining inside. The graph shows the number of particles (liters / liter) in 1 liter of air in the booth and the elapsed time (minutes) after the spraying as the vertical axis, with the blowing capacity (liters / minute) of the fan filter unit 20 as a parameter. And on the horizontal axis.

  Characteristic lines 48a, 48b, 48c, 48d and 48e are obtained when the fan filter unit 20 is set to have a blowing capacity of 0 liter / minute, 42 liter / minute, 137 liter / minute, 200 liter / minute and 420 liter / minute, respectively. The characteristics of As is apparent from the graph of FIG. 4, by setting the blowing capacity of the fan filter unit 20 to 200 liters / minute, the number of particles remaining in the ventilation booth is rapidly reduced to about 1/10 of that immediately after spraying. Can be reduced and maintained at that level.

  Therefore, by setting the blowing capacity of the fan filter unit 20 to 200 liters / minute or more, even if the air in the booth leaks into the room, the infection prevention ratio due to the leak can be greatly reduced.

  In addition, the paper reports that the inactivation of airborne influenza viruses becomes significant when the relative humidity exceeds 50% RH (Haper, GJ, Airborne micro-organisms, Survival test with four viruses, J. hyg., Camb (1961), 59 , p479-486). From this, the relative humidity in the booth is maintained at 50% RH or higher in order to reduce the survival rate of the influenza virus in the booth and thereby substantially reduce the risk of virus leakage from the booth. Preferably, a humidifier can be placed in the booth.

  The ventilation booth 10 according to the present invention can be used as a positive pressure booth for accommodating allergic symptom patients 12 such as hay fever. In this case, as described with reference to FIG. 3B, the room air purified mainly by the quasi-HEPA filter 40b is supplied into the booth. Therefore, since the allergic patient 12 can be reliably protected from allergic sources, it can be used for, for example, infusion treatment or dialysis treatment of the patient 12 having such symptoms. In such a use, a medium performance filter can be used instead of the quasi-HEPA filter 40b.

  According to the ventilation booth 10 according to the present invention, the enclosure 18 does not cover the entire area of the bed 14 regardless of whether negative pressure or positive pressure is used, and the head of the bed surface 14a (including the mat surface). Cover half of the area including the part-side region and expose the remaining part. Further, a vent (t) into the booth is formed between the lower edge 34 of the foot side peripheral wall portion 18e of the enclosure 18 and the bed surface 14a having a space t between the lower edge or the bedding on the bed surface. . Therefore, the enclosure 18 itself can be reduced in size, and the air blowing ability of the fan filter unit 20 that is an air blowing device for applying a negative pressure or a positive pressure to the enclosure can be significantly reduced.

  Further, since the enclosure 18 is reduced in size, periodic cleaning work of the enclosure can be easily performed.

  Further, the filter surface facing the room of the fan filter unit 20 is used when the fan filter unit 20 is used as a negative pressure source of a booth and when the filter 40a is used as a positive pressure source when the filter 40a becomes a suction surface for contaminated air. The filter 40b serves as a blowout port surface for purified air. The fan filter unit 20 of the filter surface ventilation booth 10 facing the outer surface of the filter enclosure 18 can be used in any of the use modes of the negative pressure source shown in FIG. 3A and the positive pressure source shown in FIG. The foreign matter capturing surfaces of the filters 40a and 40b are not reversed. That is, the fan filter unit 20 is mounted on the enclosure 18 so that the connection port to the mounting opening 26 becomes the suction opening 36a or the blowout opening 36b according to the use as the negative pressure source and the positive pressure source. It is reversed overall. Therefore, for example, the capture surface of the quasi-HEPA filter 40b is held on the surface facing the fan 42 regardless of the switching of the use as the negative pressure source and the positive pressure source.

  On the other hand, in order to switch to the negative pressure source or the positive pressure source without reversing the mounting posture of the fan filter unit 20 to the enclosure 18, the fan drive rotation direction is reversed, thereby the fan filter unit 20. When the wind direction of the filter is reversed, the capture surface of the filter in the apparatus is reversed. This inversion of the capture surface causes the captured foreign matter to scatter into the booth. In order to prevent such a situation, in order to reverse the capture surfaces of the filters 40a and 40b at each switching of the use as the negative pressure source and the positive pressure source even if the operation switching as described above is attempted. It becomes necessary to reverse the front and back of the filter. Or in order to prevent discharge | emission of the foreign material captured by the capture surface of the filter into the said room | chamber interior or the said booth, the cleaning operation | work of each said filter is needed.

  On the other hand, according to the ventilation booth 10 according to the present invention, when switching between the negative pressure source and the positive pressure source, the mounting posture of the fan filter unit 20 to the enclosure 18 is simply set as described above. Can be used simply by reversing. Therefore, in order to invert the front and back of the filters 40a and 40b or to clean the filters, the filters 40a and 40b can be continuously used without being removed and by switching work in a very short time.

  As described above, the present invention is described along the example in which the mounting opening (26) is provided in one side peripheral wall portion 18d of the second and third peripheral wall portions 18c and 18d located on both sides of the bed 14. explained. Instead of this example, as shown in FIG. 5, a mounting opening (26) is provided in the first peripheral wall portion 18b located on the bed 12 side of the patient 12 on the bed 14, and a fan filter is associated with the opening. Unit 20 can be arranged.

  Moreover, in order to improve the adhesiveness between the side wall portions 18c and 18d located on both sides of the bed surface 14a and the bed surface 14a, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, both side wall portions 18c. And 18d are provided with a pair of weights 50a and 50a extending along the longitudinal direction of the bed surface 14a, and are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the bed surface 14a at intervals between the lower edges of the peripheral wall portions 18c and 18d. A plurality of weights 50b, 50b can be provided.

  Still another example of the ventilation booth 10 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the examples shown in FIGS. 7 to 11, the frame assembly 16 is omitted for simplification of the drawings.

  7 to 11, the fan filter unit 20 described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 is provided with an opening provided in the first peripheral wall portion 18b located on the head side of the patient 12 as shown in FIG. It is attached to the frame assembly 16 in connection with (26). The lower edge 34 of the fourth peripheral wall portion 18e on the foot side is provided with a recess 34a having an open lower end for receiving the patient spaced from the patient 12 lying on the bed surface 14a of the bed 14. The recess forms the gap t that acts as a vent on both sides of the patient 12.

  The ventilation booth 10 shown in FIG. 7 shows an example in which the bed width W1 is applied to a standard bed 12 having a standard bed width of 83 cm, and the ceiling portion 18a of the enclosure 18 has a side length along the bed width W1. Is smaller than the bed width, for example, 70 cm. Each of the first to third peripheral wall portions 18b to 18e of the enclosure 18 has a height sufficient to bend along the bed surface 14a and overlap the bed surface. On the other hand, a recess 34a is formed at the lower edge of the fourth peripheral wall portion 18e on the foot side, and the lower edge has a height dimension that substantially contacts the bed surface 14a except for the recess 34a. The recess 34a is large enough to receive the patient at a distance from the patient 12 on the bed 14 and form a gap t that provides vents on both sides of the patient 12.

  Further, the adjacent peripheral wall portions 18b to 18e form ridge lines 60a to 60d that are continuous with each other in the vertical direction except for the lower edge portion that overlaps the bed surface 14a. Inside each of the peripheral wall portions 18b to 18d, in a region in the vicinity of each of the ridge lines 60a to 60d, at a height position higher than the lower edge 34 of the fourth peripheral wall portion 18e and perpendicular to the respective ridge lines 60a to 60d Strip fastener bands 62a and 62b are formed.

  One of the peripheral wall portions 18d and 18b, 18b and 18c, 18c and 18e, 18e and 18d forming the ridge lines 60a to 60d is associated with, for example, a surface fastener band 62a provided with a large number of hook portions. The mating surface is formed to extend in the horizontal direction toward the enclosure 18. Further, a band fastener band 62b provided with a large number of the loop portions is adjacent to the other of the peripheral wall portions 18d and 18b, 18b and 18c, 18c and 18e, 18e and 18d, and the corresponding surface fasteners are adjacent to each other. The engaging surface is formed in the horizontal direction toward the inside of the enclosure 18 so as to be engageable with the band 62a. The arrangement of the hook and loop fasteners 62a and 62b can be changed as long as the hook and loop fasteners 62a and 62b adjacent to each other with the ridges 60a to 60d in between can be engaged.

  The hook and loop fasteners 62a and 62b are effective when the ventilation booth 10 is applied to the stretcher bed 14 as shown in FIG. That is, when the ventilation booth 10 in which the side length along the bed width of the ceiling portion 18a is set to, for example, 70 cm is applied to the stretcher bed 14, the width dimension W2 of the stretcher bed is 55 cm. It is 15 cm smaller than the side length along the bed width of the ceiling portion 18a. Therefore, if the ventilation booth 10 shown in FIG. 7 is applied to the stretcher bed 14 as it is, the peripheral wall portions 18c and 18d located on both sides of the bed 14 do not overlap the bed surface 14a, but are spaced from both sides of the bed 14. And hang down. Therefore, a large gap is generated between the peripheral wall portions 18c and 18d on both sides and both sides of the bed 14, and excessive air leakage occurs through this gap, so that an increase in the blowing capacity necessary for the fan filter unit 20 is caused. As a result, the fan filter unit 20 is increased in size, and the effect of the present invention cannot be achieved.

  In order to avoid such a situation, when the ventilation booth 10 shown in FIG. 7 is applied to the stretcher bed 14, as shown in FIG. 8, the ridges 60a to 60d are arranged in between. The mutually corresponding hook and loop fasteners 62a and 62b can be brought into close contact with each other. By the engagement of the corresponding band fastener bands 62a and 62b, the width dimension along the bed width W2 of the enclosure 18 on the bed surface 14a can be narrowed to be smaller than the bed width W2. Regardless of the type bed 14, the lower edges of the peripheral wall portions 18c and 18d on both sides can be superimposed on the bed surface 14a. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a large gap from being generated between the peripheral wall portions 18 c and 18 d on both sides and the both sides of the stretcher bed 14. As a result, an appropriate ventilation port is held by the lower edge 34 formed on the lower edge 34 of the fourth peripheral wall portion 18e, so that the air blowing capacity of the fan filter unit 20 is not increased and the inside of the enclosure 18 is not increased. The air flow can be properly maintained.

  The ventilation booth 10 shown in FIG. 9 shows the example used for implementation of artificial dialysis treatment. In this ventilation booth 10, in addition to the above-described hooks 62a and 62b of the hook and loop fastener, line fasteners 64 are provided along the cutting lines along the ridge lines 60a to 60d, and the peripheral wall portions 18c and 18d on both sides are further provided. Fasteners 66 are provided along cutting lines parallel to the ridge lines 60a to 60d.

  In the example shown in FIG. 9, each of the line fasteners 64 and 66 is a pair of sliders 68a and 68b composed of an upper slider and a lower slider, as typically shown by the line fastener 64 provided on the ridge line 60a. A well-known head-to-head fastener having According to the head-matching fasteners 64 and 66, as is well known in the art, a pair of sliders 68a and 68b are moved along the engagement teeth as fastener elements so that the pair of sliders 68a and 68b are separated from each other. The engagement of the engagement teeth can be released between the sliders 68a and 68b. Thereby, desired openings 70a and 70b can be formed between the pair of sliders 68a and 68b.

  In FIG. 9, the opening 70a is formed in the line fastener 66 provided in one side wall part 18c, and the opening 70b is formed in the line fastener 64 provided in the ridgeline 60a. In one opening 70a, two tubes 72a and 72b extending from the dialyzer 72 disposed outside the ventilation booth into the ventilation booth on the bed 14 are disposed so as to penetrate therethrough. One tube 72 a sends blood for dialysis treatment from the patient 12 on the bed 14 to the dialysis device 72, and the other tube 72 b returns the blood after dialysis treatment to the patient 12 by the dialysis device 72. , 72b is pierced into the blood vessel of the patient 12.

  Both tubes 72a, 72b can be inserted into the enclosure from the lower end of the enclosure 18, but in this case, both tubes 72a, 72b are sandwiched between the lower end of the enclosure 18 and the bed surface 14a. Therefore, when the patient 12 undergoing dialysis treatment moves his / her body, the tip of each of the punctured tubes 72a and 72b falls off, or the lower end of the enclosure 18 lifted from the bed surface 14a is mistakenly placed on the tubes 72a and 72b. When dropped, the tips of the similarly punctured tubes 72a and 72b may fall off, causing an unexpected accident. Such accidents can also occur with infusion therapy and transfusion therapy.

  In the ventilation booth 10 of the present invention, as described above, by passing the tubes 72a and 72b through the opening 70a of the wire fastener 66, the tubes are not sandwiched between the lower end of the enclosure 18 and the bed surface 14a. In addition to the dialysis treatment, it is possible to reliably prevent the unexpected accident described above in the drip treatment and the blood transfusion treatment.

  In the example shown in FIG. 9, the other opening 70 b allows the arm 74 a for supporting the liquid crystal monitor television 74 to be inserted. The arm 74a extends from the outside of the booth through the opening 70b into the ventilation booth, and supports the main body of the liquid crystal monitor television 74 at its tip. Since dialysis treatment usually lasts for 4 hours, watching TV during that time is an indispensable entertainment for the patient 12.

  The line fasteners 64 and 66 are not limited to the illustrated example, and a necessary number of them can be installed at necessary places. Further, by adopting the head-fitting fasteners as described above as the line fasteners 64 and 66, openings 70a and 70b having desired lengths at desired height positions along the fasteners within the substantially length range of the fasteners. Can be formed. As shown below, each of the line fasteners 64 and 66 preferably employs an open fastener system at the lower end.

  In the example shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, a head-fitting fastener 66 is provided along the vertical cutting line of the peripheral wall portion 18d, and the tubes 72a and 72b of the dialyzer 72 are passed through an opening 70a between the sliders 68a and 68b. Extends into the ventilation booth. The lower end of the head-matching fastener 66 is an open fastener type. For example, when the state of the patient 12 in the ventilation booth suddenly changes during dialysis treatment as shown in FIG. 10, the engagement of the fastener 66 is released from the lower end. As shown in FIG. 11, the surrounding wall 18d can be completely separated from the left and right by a vertical cutting line provided with a fastener 66 from the lower end thereof, so that the enclosure 18 can be largely opened. Therefore, medical personnel can easily enter the ventilation booth, so that emergency response can be performed quickly and easily.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, a prefilter can be dispensed with. Further, instead of the support means comprising a hook, support means such as a support base can be provided in the frame assembly.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Ventilation booth 12 Patient 12a Patient's head 14 Bed 14a Bed surface 16 Frame assembly 18 Enclosure 18a Enclosure ceiling 18b-18e Enclosure peripheral wall 20 Fan filter unit (unit device)
26 Mounting opening (opening)
30 Casters 34 Lower edge of foot side peripheral wall 36a Fan filter unit suction port 36b Fan filter unit discharge port 38 Fan filter unit housing 40a, 40b Filters 44a, 44b Hook (supporting member)
46 (connecting means) Hook fasteners 46a, 62a, first joining surfaces of the hook and loop fasteners 46b, 62b second bonding surfaces of the hook and loop fasteners 64, 66 head-to-head fasteners t gap (vent hole)

Claims (6)

An enclosure that covers the top of the head side region of the bed surface of the bed and exposes the rest of the bed surface;
A ventilation booth comprising: a frame assembly for supporting the enclosure; and a blower for sucking air from the enclosure or supplying air to the enclosure to maintain the enclosure at a negative pressure or a positive pressure Because
The enclosure has a ceiling portion and a peripheral wall portion, and the peripheral wall portion is provided with a mounting opening for the blower, and the ceiling portion of the envelope body is located above the head side region and the bed A side corresponding to the head side edge of the surface and a pair of sides extending along both side edges of the bed surface from both ends of the one side, and the peripheral wall portion is each side of the ceiling portion. Four peripheral walls that respectively hang down toward the bed surface, and the lower edge of the peripheral wall located on the foot side is located above the lower edges of the other three peripheral walls, and To maintain a gap allowing air flow on both sides of the person who is drowning on the bed, spaced from the bed surface or bedding on the bed surface,
The blower includes a housing provided with a suction opening for sucking air in one of the surfaces facing each other, and a blowout opening for blowing air on the other of the surfaces facing each other. An air passage communicating with the opening across the air passage, a blower source for generating an air flow from the suction opening toward the blowout opening, and a filter for purifying air from the suction opening; The blowout opening and the suction opening of the housing are selectively detachably connected to the mounting opening of the peripheral wall portion via connection means, and the air source is driven to rotate only in one direction. To be
Ventilation booth. The attachment opening is provided in any one of the other three peripheral walls, and the unit device sucks air from the enclosure through the attachment opening or supplies air to the enclosure. Therefore, removably supported by the frame assembly,
Supporting member provided in the housing is provided on each of the opposing surfaces of the housing, a hook member which can be suspended Remove the unit device in the frame assembly, the ventilation according to claim 1 booth. The connection means is disposed around each of the openings of the housing, and has a first joint surface provided with either one of a first engagement portion and a second engagement portion that are releasably engaged with each other. And a second joint surface provided around the mounting opening in the peripheral wall portion and provided with the other of the first portion and the second engagement portion, and the connection means provides the enclosure to the enclosure. The ventilation booth according to claim 1 , wherein one of the blowout opening and the suction opening is selectively connected. The said connection means is a hook-and-loop fastener which consists of one side and the other of many hook parts and loop parts with which the said 1st and 2nd engaging part engages releasably mutually, respectively . The ventilation booth according to any one of the items . The ventilation unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the unit device has an air blowing capacity of 200 L / min or more. The ventilation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the enclosure is maintained at a negative pressure, and a dimension of the enclosure along a longitudinal direction of a lying patient is set to 40 cm or more. booth.

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