JP5522537B2 - Processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a machining apparatus for machining a plurality of holes provided coaxially in a workpiece.

  For example, in a cylinder block that constitutes an engine, a plurality of through holes are provided at predetermined intervals in order to insert a crankshaft. Therefore, crank boring of the cylinder block, which is a workpiece, is performed by a dedicated processing machine using a line boring bar (so-called both-sided boring bar).

Specifically, the line boring bar is inserted into the machining hole with the workpiece lifted up. Subsequently, both ends of the boring bar are supported by inserting the end of the line boring bar into the hole of the jig support arranged in front of the workpiece. Then, after the work is lowered and seated, simultaneous multi-blade machining is performed by a both-sided boring bar.

  However, this method requires a boring bar that is longer than the length of the workpiece, and a support mechanism that reliably supports the tip of the boring bar. Various contrivances have been made for this type of support method. For example, a boring apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the boring apparatus 1 makes a relative movement between a table 3 provided on a bed 2 on which a workpiece W is placed and a spindle 4 that holds and rotates one end of a long tool T. By moving, the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 5 formed in the workpiece W is processed.

The other end or middle part of the tool T is supported by the cylindrical support surface 7 of the support jig 6 provided on the bed 2 or the table 3. A fluid bearing is formed between the support surface 7 and the outer peripheral surface of the tool T by supplying a fluid to the support surface 7 through the support jig 6.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-141982

However, in Patent Document 1 described above, a support jig 6 that supports the tip of a long tool T (boring bar) is provided on the table 3 on which the workpiece W is placed. For this reason, it is necessary to produce the support jig 6 corresponding to the position of the through-hole 5 of the workpiece W, and the machining versatility (flexibility) of the machining center is restricted.

  That is, if the height of the through hole 5 of the workpiece W changes, it is necessary to change the height of the support jig 6 correspondingly. Furthermore, when the length of the workpiece W changes, it is necessary to change the position of the support jig 6 correspondingly, and there is a problem that it is not easy to deal with a plurality of workpieces W. In addition, since the distance between the fluid bearing and the through hole 5 is different for each through hole 5, the processing conditions are also different.

Furthermore, a fluid bearing is formed between the support jig 6 and the tool T. This fluid bearing is installed in a place where cutting powder in the machine is scattered, and there is a possibility that chips are wound up or rebounded by a coolant jet or cutting water and applied to the fluid bearing. Thereby, there exists a problem that a chip etc. interpose between a support jig 6 and the tool T by chip etc. interposing in a fluid bearing.

  The present invention solves this type of problem, and provides a machining apparatus with excellent versatility while efficiently supporting a tool holder and efficiently performing high-precision machining on a plurality of holes of a workpiece. With the goal.

  The present invention relates to a processing apparatus for processing a plurality of holes provided coaxially in a workpiece. This processing apparatus is connected to a spindle and rotates, and a tool holder that processes the inner peripheral surface of the hole portion with a tool, and is provided in the tool holder, inserted into the processed inner peripheral surface of the hole portion, and then processed by the tool. And a support mechanism for supporting processing of the hole portion of the step.

  The support mechanism forms a first fluid bearing with the outer peripheral surface of the tool holder, and includes a ring member that allows the tool holder to rotate and move in the axial direction, and an outer peripheral surface of the ring member. A second fluid bearing is formed therebetween, and a support member that is expanded or protrudes radially outward of the tool holder and is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the processed hole is provided.

  Further, in this processing apparatus, the support mechanism has a first nozzle formed on the outer peripheral surface of the tool holder, a first chamber into which fluid is ejected from the first nozzle, and causes the fluid to flow out from the first chamber. A first leak groove, a second nozzle formed through the ring member in a radial direction, a second chamber in which the fluid is ejected from the second nozzle, and a second leak that causes the fluid to flow out of the second chamber. Preferably, the first fluid bearing includes the first chamber and the first leak groove, while the second fluid bearing includes the second chamber and the second leak groove.

  Furthermore, in this processing apparatus, a coolant flow path for circulating a coolant liquid as a fluid is formed inside the tool holder, and the coolant flow path is a first for supplying the coolant liquid to a processing site by a tool. It is preferable to have a branch channel and a second branch channel for supplying the coolant liquid to the support mechanism.

  Furthermore, in this processing apparatus, it is preferable that the tool holder is provided with a correction head capable of adjusting the position of the tool in the radial direction of the tool holder by the pressure of the fluid.

  Further, in this processing apparatus, the support member is an elastic C-ring member having a cross-sectional C shape partially separated, and a second fluid bearing is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the elastic C-ring member to expand and contract A freely deformable ring member is preferably provided.

Furthermore, in this processing apparatus, it is preferable that the support member is a shoe member that is provided on the covering member that forms the second fluid bearing so as to be movable forward and backward in the radial direction.

  In the processing apparatus according to the present invention, the support mechanism provided in the tool holder supports the processing of the next hole by the tool by being inserted into the inner peripheral surface of the processed hole. For this reason, in a plurality of hole processing, the positional relationship from the support position by the support mechanism to the hole to be processed is the same for each hole. Therefore, the tool holder can be reliably supported, and highly accurate machining is efficiently performed on the plurality of holes of the work, and the versatility is excellent.

  It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the boring apparatus concerning the 1st Embodiment of this invention.   It is principal part sectional drawing of the said boring apparatus.   It is the III-III sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 2 of the said boring apparatus.   It is the IV-IV sectional view taken on the line of the support mechanism which comprises the said boring apparatus in FIG.   It is explanatory drawing at the time of processing the hole of a workpiece | work with a short tool.   It is explanatory drawing of the state to which the tool holder of this invention was attached instead of the said short tool.   It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the said support mechanism.   It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the said tool holder.   It is a section explanatory view of a support mechanism which constitutes a boring processing device concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention.   FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the support mechanism taken along line XX in FIG. 9.   It is explanatory drawing of the boring apparatus disclosed by patent document 1. FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the boring apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a bed 12. An apparatus main body 16 is placed on the bed 12 via a pair of X-axis guide rails 14 so as to be able to advance and retract in the X-axis direction (one horizontal axis direction), and via a pair of Z-axis guide rails 18. The work table 20 is placed so as to be movable back and forth in the Z-axis direction (the other horizontal axis direction intersecting the X-axis).

  The work table 20 includes a base 22 disposed on the Z-axis guide rail 18, and a work W, for example, a cylinder block is positioned and held on the table 24 provided on the base 22. The workpiece W is provided with a plurality of holes (journal holes) 26 to be bored, for example, five holes 26a to 26e (hereinafter also simply referred to as holes 26) coaxially.

  A pair of Y-axis guide rails 28 extending in the vertical direction (arrow Y direction) are provided on the front surface of the apparatus main body 16. On the Y-axis guide rail 28, an elevating part 30 is supported so as to be able to advance and retreat in the arrow Y direction. The elevating part 30 is connected to a rotational drive source 32 and a spindle 34 extends in the horizontal direction. Provided. A tool holder 36 is detachably attached to the spindle 34.

  The tool holder 36 includes a correction head 40 that can adjust the position of the cutting tool (tool) 38 in the radial direction (direction of arrow A) of the tool holder 36 by the pressure of the fluid, and an inner peripheral surface of the processed hole 26. A support mechanism 42 that is inserted and supports processing of the next hole portion by the blade 38, for example, the hole portions 26c to 26e, is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a driving force transmission unit 44 for adjusting the correction head 40 with driving air from the outside is provided in the tool holder 36. Driving air is supplied to the driving force transmission unit 44 via the driving air conduit 46. The driving force transmission unit 44 employs a booster structure, and includes a pneumatic cylinder unit 48 communicating with the driving air conduit 46 and a first hydraulic cylinder unit 50 having a smaller capacity than the pneumatic cylinder unit 48. Prepare in series. A piston 52 is slidably disposed in the pneumatic cylinder portion 48, and a rod 54 extending from the piston 52 projects into the first hydraulic cylinder portion 50 with a sliding seal 56 interposed therebetween.

  The first hydraulic cylinder unit 50 communicates with the power unit 60 via a hydraulic line 58. The power unit 60 includes a second hydraulic cylinder portion 64 that is housed in the head housing 62 and communicates with the hydraulic pipe 58 and a piston 66. The piston 66 can advance and retreat in the radial direction of the spindle 34 (arrow A direction). An S-shaped slit 68 is formed in the head housing 62, and the head housing 62 is pressed radially outward when the correction hydraulic pressure is applied to the power unit 60, and the S-shaped slit 68. It moves in the direction of arrow A1 via 68.

  In the tool holder 36, a coolant channel 70 is formed that extends in the axial direction of the tool holder 36 and distributes a coolant liquid (fluid). The coolant flow path 70 includes a first branch flow path 72 that supplies a coolant liquid to a portion to be processed by the cutting tool 38 and four second branch flow paths 74 that supply the coolant liquid to the support mechanism 42. The second branch flow paths 74 extend radially at intervals of 90 ° in the radial direction of the tool holder 36.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the support mechanism 42 forms a first fluid bearing 76 between the support mechanism 42 and the outer peripheral surface of the tool holder 36, and allows the tool holder 36 to rotate and move in the axial direction. And a second fluid bearing 80 between the ring member 78 and the outer peripheral surface of the ring member 78, and the diameter of the tool holder 36 is increased outward in the radial direction, and the processed holes 26 (arbitrary holes 26a to 26e are optional). And a support member 82 pressed against the inner peripheral surface.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the support mechanism 42 includes a first nozzle 84 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the tool holder 36, a first chamber 86 into which coolant liquid is injected from the first nozzle 84, A first leak groove 88 for allowing the coolant to flow out from the first chamber 86 along the outer peripheral surface of the tool holder 36 is provided.

  The support mechanism 42 further includes a second nozzle 90 that is formed through the ring member 78 in the radial direction, a second chamber 92 into which coolant liquid is injected from the second nozzle 90, and the coolant liquid from the second chamber 92. A second leak groove 94 is provided. The first fluid bearing 76 includes a first chamber 86 and a first leak groove 88, while the second fluid bearing 80 includes a second chamber 92 and a second leak groove 94.

  The support member 82 is an elastic C-ring member having a partially sectioned C-shape, and a deformable ring member that can be expanded and contracted by forming a second fluid bearing 80 on the inner peripheral surface of the elastic C-ring member. 96 is arranged. The deformation ring member 96 is formed of, for example, a resin material, and the deformation ring member 96 is held via a clamp ring 97 (see FIG. 4). For example, four rubber rods 98 are interposed between the inner peripheral surface of the deformable ring member 96 and the outer peripheral surface of the ring member 78, so that four second chambers 92 are divided and formed (see FIG. 3).

  As shown in FIG. 2, a small diameter part is provided in the axial direction front end side of the tool holder 36 via the step part 100a, 100b. One end of the spring 102 is in contact with the stepped portion 100 a, while the other end of the spring 102 is in contact with one end surface of the ring member 78. The other end surface of the ring member 78 is in contact with the stepped portion 100b, thereby maintaining a constant distance between the blade 38 and the support mechanism 42.

  The operation of the boring apparatus 10 configured as described above will be described below.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the workpiece W is positioned and held on the table 24 constituting the workpiece table 20. On the other hand, a tool holder 36s, which is a short tool, is attached to the spindle 34 constituting the apparatus main body 16, for example, as shown in FIG.

  The tool holder 36s is configured to be considerably shorter than the tool holder 36, and deformation such as bending is prevented as much as possible without using a support structure. The tool holder 36s includes a correction head 40 and a cutting tool 38. If the initial support function is unnecessary, the machining may be started directly using the tool holder 36 without using the tool holder 36s.

  Further, in the present embodiment, as described below, the two hole portions 26a and 26b of the workpiece W are processed by the tool holder 36s, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, after processing the hole 26a of the workpiece W with the tool holder 36s, all the other holes 26b to 26e may be processed with the tool holder 36.

  Alternatively, after processing the two holes 26a and 26b of the workpiece W with the tool holder 36s, the workpiece W is reversed and the holes 26e and 26d of the workpiece W are processed with the tool holder 36s. 36, the remaining hole 26c of the workpiece W can be machined.

  On the other hand, the workpiece W includes five holes 26a to 26e on the same axis, but is not limited to this, and various workpieces W having six or more holes and four or less holes. It is also applicable to.

Therefore, the tool holder 36 s is mounted on the spindle 34, the apparatus body 16 is moved in the X-axis direction, and the elevating unit 30 is advanced and retracted in the arrow Y direction, so that the tool holder 36 s moves relative to the workpiece W. Is positioned. In this state, while the tool holder 36s rotates under the rotating action of the spindle 34, the workpiece W moves forward in the Z-axis direction (on the apparatus main body 16 side). Therefore, the workpiece W is sequentially subjected to the hole processing of the first hole portion 26a and the second hole portion 26b by the rotating blade 38.

  Next, after the tool holder 36 s is detached from the spindle 34, the tool holder 36 is attached to the spindle 34. And if the front-end | tip of the tool holder 36 is relatively inserted in the inside of the workpiece | work W and the blade 38 is arrange | positioned just before the hole 26c, coolant liquid will be supplied to the coolant flow path 70 (refer FIG. 2).

  A part of the coolant liquid supplied to the coolant flow path 70 is introduced into the first branch flow path 72 and sprayed to a processing site by the cutting tool 38. The remaining portion of the coolant liquid is introduced into the four second branch channels 74 and flows radially at intervals of 90 ° in the radial direction of the tool holder 36 as shown in FIG.

  The coolant liquid introduced into the second branch channel 74 is first adjusted in flow rate by the first nozzle 84 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the tool holder 36 and flows into the first chamber 86. The coolant liquid stored in the first chamber 86 flows out from a slight gap of the first leak groove 88 to constitute the first fluid bearing 76. Therefore, centripetality is ensured between the ring member 78 and the tool holder 36, and the support rigidity can be improved.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the coolant liquid stored in the first chamber 86 is adjusted in flow rate by the second nozzle 90 and flows into the second chamber 92. The pressure of the coolant liquid stored in the second chamber 92 can expand the deformation ring member 96. As the deformable ring member 96 expands, the support member 82 expands. Thereby, the expanded support member 82 can be brought into close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the processed hole portion 26b and exhibit a support function.

  The coolant fluid stored in the second chamber 92 flows out from a slight gap of the second leak groove 94 to constitute the second fluid bearing 80. Therefore, centripetality is ensured between the support member 82 and the ring member 78, and support rigidity can be improved.

  On the other hand, in the correction head 40, as shown in FIG. 2, the driving air is supplied to the pneumatic cylinder unit 48 constituting the driving force transmission unit 44 via the driving air conduit 46. In the pneumatic cylinder portion 48, the piston 52 is pressed in the direction of arrow B, and the piston 52 moves in the direction of arrow B. For this reason, the inside of the first hydraulic cylinder unit 50 is pressurized, and the pressurized oil is supplied from the first hydraulic cylinder unit 50 to the power unit 60 via the hydraulic line 58.

  As a result, the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic cylinder portion 64 constituting the power unit 60 increases, and the piston 66 moves radially outward (in the direction of arrow A1) of the spindle 34. Accordingly, the correction hydraulic pressure acts on the power unit 60, the head housing 62 is pressed in the diameter outward direction, and the blade 38 is displaced in the direction of the arrow A1 through the S-shaped slit 68. For this reason, the position adjustment of the cutting tool 38 by the correction head 40 is performed. The adjustment work by the correction head 40 is performed as necessary.

  The above state is schematically shown in FIG. 7, and the support mechanism 42 is coupled to the processed inner peripheral surface of the hole 26 b of the workpiece W, thereby holding the rotating tool holder 36. The workpiece W moves in the direction of arrow C. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, the support mechanism 42 moves in the direction of the arrow C integrally with the processed inner peripheral surface of the hole 26 b against the elastic force of the spring 102, while the tool holder 36 moves in the axial direction. Rotate without moving to. Thereby, the hole processing of the 3rd hole part 26c of the workpiece | work W is performed.

  When the hole machining of the hole 26c is finished, the hydraulic pressure applied by the coolant liquid applied to the support mechanism 42 is released. For this reason, the support mechanism 42 contracts and separates from the inner peripheral surface of the hole 26b, and returns to a position (original position) where it abuts on the stepped portion 100b by the elastic force of the spring 102. On the other hand, the driving air supplied to the correction head 40 is also released. Thereafter, similarly, the fourth hole portion 26d and the fifth hole portion 26e of the workpiece W are processed.

  In this case, in the first embodiment, the support mechanism 42 provided in the tool holder 36 is inserted into the inner peripheral surface of the processed hole portion 26 of the workpiece W, and processes the next-stage hole portion 26 with the cutting tool 38. Supported. For this reason, in a plurality of hole processing, the positional relationship from the support position by the support mechanism 42 to the hole 26 to be processed is the same for each hole 26.

  As a result, the tool holder 36 can be reliably supported, and high-precision processing can be efficiently performed on the plurality of hole portions 26 of the workpiece W, and the versatility is excellent.

  FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of the support mechanism 112 constituting the boring apparatus 110 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Note that the same components as those in the boring apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the support mechanism 112 includes a support member 114, and the support member 114 is a shoe that is provided on a covering member 116 that forms the second fluid bearing 80 so as to freely advance and retract in the radial direction. It is a member. The cover ring member 116 is provided with four stepped openings 118 that are radially spaced apart at equal angular intervals, and the support members 114 are arranged in the stepped openings 118 so that they can advance and retreat in the radial direction. Established.

  In the second embodiment configured as described above, the coolant liquid stored in the first chamber 86 flows into the second chamber 92 after the flow rate is adjusted by the second nozzle 90 as in the first embodiment. Is done. The pressure of the coolant liquid stored in the second chamber 92 allows the support member 114 to move outward in the diameter direction so that the support member 114 can be brought into close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the processed hole 26b to exhibit a support function.

Thereby, in 2nd Embodiment, the effect similar to said 1st Embodiment is acquired. In the first and second embodiments, the first chamber 86 and the second chamber 92 are each composed of four independent chambers. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the first chamber 86 may be constituted by one circumferential groove, and one second chamber 92 may be adopted without using the rubber rod 98.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 110 ... Boring processing apparatus 12 ... Bed 16 ... Apparatus main body 20 ... Work table 26, 26a-26e ... Hole part 30 ... Elevating part 34 ... Spindle 36 ... Tool holder 38 ... Cutting tool 40 ... Correction head 42, 112 ... Support mechanism 44 ... Driving force transmission part 48 ... Pneumatic cylinder part 50, 64 ... Hydraulic cylinder part 60 ... Power unit 70 ... Coolant flow path 72, 74 ... Branch flow path 76, 80 ... Fluid bearing 78 ... Ring member 82, 114 ... Support member 84, 90 ... Nozzle 86, 92 ... Chamber 88, 94 ... Leak groove 96 ... Deformation ring member 98 ... Rubber rod 102 ... Spring 116 ... Covering member

Claims (6)

A processing apparatus for processing a plurality of holes provided coaxially in a workpiece,
A tool holder connected to a spindle and rotating, and machining the inner peripheral surface of the hole with a tool;
A support mechanism that is provided in the tool holder and is inserted into the inner peripheral surface of the processed hole to support the processing of the hole in the next stage by the tool;
With
The support mechanism constitutes a first fluid bearing between the tool holder and the outer peripheral surface of the tool holder, and a ring member that allows the tool holder to rotate and move in the axial direction;
A second fluid bearing is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the ring member, a support member that is expanded or protrudes radially outward of the tool holder and pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the processed hole,
A processing apparatus comprising: The processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the support mechanism includes a first nozzle formed on an outer peripheral surface of the tool holder;
A first chamber into which fluid is ejected from the first nozzle;
A first leak groove for allowing the fluid to flow out of the first chamber;
A second nozzle formed through the ring member in a radial direction;
A second chamber in which the fluid is ejected from the second nozzle;
A second leak groove for allowing the fluid to flow out of the second chamber;
Provided,
The first fluid bearing includes the first chamber and the first leak groove, while the second fluid bearing includes the second chamber and the second leak groove. In the processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, while forming a coolant channel through which the coolant liquid that is the fluid is circulated inside the tool holder,
The coolant flow path includes a first branch flow path for supplying the coolant liquid to a processing site by the tool;
A second branch channel for supplying the coolant liquid to the support mechanism;
A processing apparatus comprising:   The processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tool holder is provided with a correction head capable of adjusting a position of the tool in a radial direction of the tool holder by a fluid pressure. Processing equipment. The processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the support member is an elastic C-ring member having a cross-sectional C shape with a part separated.
A processing apparatus, wherein a deformable ring member that forms the second fluid bearing and can be expanded and contracted is disposed on an inner peripheral surface of the elastic C ring member.   5. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the support member is a shoe member that is provided on a covering member that forms the second fluid bearing so as to be movable forward and backward in a radial direction. Processing equipment.

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