JP5521141B2 - Ball joint device and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Ball joint device and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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JP5521141B2
JP5521141B2 JP2009136696A JP2009136696A JP5521141B2 JP 5521141 B2 JP5521141 B2 JP 5521141B2 JP 2009136696 A JP2009136696 A JP 2009136696A JP 2009136696 A JP2009136696 A JP 2009136696A JP 5521141 B2 JP5521141 B2 JP 5521141B2
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ball
rod
holder
ball joint
joint device
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一彦 中田
直人 黒田
好広 秋山
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NAPAC CO.,LTD.
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本発明は産業用ロボット・工業計測・加工用微細制御等に用いられるプラットフォームに利用できるボールジョイント装置及びその製造方法に関する。  The present invention relates to a ball joint device that can be used for a platform used for industrial robots, fine control for industrial measurement and processing, and the like, and a manufacturing method thereof.

現在流通している産業用ロボット・工業計測・加工用微細制御用プラットフォ−ム分野では、シリアルリンク構造が多く使用されているが、このリンク構造に関しては設備の小型化又機械的制御が大変であるという問題があり、これに変わる機構構造としてパラレルリンク構造が考えられる。このパラレルリンク構造はリンク動作により3次元位置を容易に達成出来る構造であるが、この構成の中で必要な機能としてはリンクの両端が3自由度を持った軸受け構造が不可欠となる。  In the field of industrial robots, industrial measurement and processing micro-control platforms that are currently in circulation, serial link structures are often used, but for these link structures, miniaturization of equipment and mechanical control are very difficult. A parallel link structure is conceivable as a mechanism structure that can be used instead. This parallel link structure is a structure that can easily achieve a three-dimensional position by a link operation. However, a bearing structure in which both ends of the link have three degrees of freedom is indispensable in this configuration.

そのような軸受け構造の具体例として、一般的にはボ−ルジョイントがあり、これは自動車又は建設機械等の市場で広く使用されている。しかし概ねボールジョイント構造・構成は以下の内容であり、各々が各種問題を抱えており上記パラレルリンク構造に使用出来ないのが現状である。  A specific example of such a bearing structure is generally a ball joint, which is widely used in the market of automobiles or construction machinery. However, the ball joint structure / configuration generally has the following contents, and each has various problems and cannot be used for the parallel link structure.

現状のボールジョイントの構造と問題点
1) ロッド付き金属性鋼球と金属ホルダ−構造:鋼球に対し金属ホルダ−の製作方法が鋳造工法を取っており、鋼球とホルダ−のガタが大きい又摩擦係数が大きい。
2) ロッド付き樹脂球と樹脂ホルダ−構造:同じく球とホルダ−間のガタが一定せず又強度・耐温度問題が有る。
3) ロッドの一端を球状にして全球状にボ−ルを並べ、これらをホルダ−にて保持しボ−ルの転がりで3自由度を確保している構造:機能性能は良いが生産性が無く小型化が難しい、又高価にて数物商品には採用が難しい。
4) ピボット軸受けを2個使用して、ロッド付き金属鋼球を対向上に抱く構造:構造が複雑であり小型化及びコスト的に見ても数物商品には採用が難しい。
Structure and problems of the current ball joint 1) Metal steel ball with rod and metal holder-Structure: The metal holder is manufactured by a casting method against the steel ball, and the play between the steel ball and the holder is large. Also, the coefficient of friction is large.
2) Resin sphere with rod and resin holder-structure: Similarly, the backlash between the sphere and the holder is not constant, and there are strength and temperature resistance problems.
3) A structure in which one end of the rod is made into a spherical shape and balls are arranged in a full spherical shape, and these are held by a holder and three degrees of freedom are secured by rolling the ball: good performance but productivity It is difficult to reduce the size, and it is expensive and difficult to adopt for several products.
4) A structure that uses two pivot bearings to hold a metal steel ball with a rod to improve the pair: The structure is complicated, and it is difficult to adopt it for several products in terms of downsizing and cost.

特許文献1には、車両用ステアリング機構の実施例としてボールジョイントが2箇所で使用された機構が開示されているが、ボール自体は別々の部材に形成されており、同一のボールスタッドの両側にボールが形成されたいわゆるデュアルボールジョイントではない。  Patent Document 1 discloses a mechanism in which a ball joint is used in two places as an example of a vehicle steering mechanism, but the ball itself is formed as a separate member and is provided on both sides of the same ball stud. It is not a so-called dual ball joint in which a ball is formed.

一方、特許文献2においては、密閉形圧縮機のクランク機構にボールジョイントを用いる機構が提案されており、その材料として焼結材を用いることが開示されている。しかし、ボールを含むコンロッド全体が焼結材で形成されるため、ボールの真球度が低くなってしまうという問題がある。また、ボール受け穴とボールを含むコンロッドが別々に焼結工法にて製法され、その後ボール受けに挿入して使用するため、ボール受け部の開口部或いはボールの平坦部が存在して強度的(ロッドの引っ張り・圧縮力)に弱く、生産コストも上がるという問題点もある。  On the other hand, Patent Document 2 proposes a mechanism that uses a ball joint as a crank mechanism of a hermetic compressor, and discloses the use of a sintered material as the material. However, since the entire connecting rod including the ball is formed of a sintered material, there is a problem that the sphericity of the ball is lowered. In addition, the ball receiving hole and the connecting rod including the ball are separately manufactured by a sintering method, and then inserted into the ball receiver for use. There is also a problem that the production cost increases due to the weakness of the rod pulling and compressing force.

特開平11−303849号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-303849 特開2007−154806号公報JP 2007-154806 A

本発明は、上述の従来技術の問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、できるだけ小型で十分な機械的強度があり、ボール部とホルダー部とのガタが小さい上に製造原価が安価なボールジョイント装置を提供することを課題とする。  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and is a ball joint that is as small as possible, has sufficient mechanical strength, has a small backlash between the ball portion and the holder portion, and is inexpensive to manufacture. It is an object to provide an apparatus.

上記課題を解決するため本発明によるボールジョイント装置は、溶製材金属、セラミック等の高融点材料からなるボール部に対して、融点が前記ボール部の高融点材料の60% 以下の焼結金属からなるホルダー部が一体的に形成されてなることを特徴とする。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a ball joint device according to the present invention is made of a sintered metal having a melting point of 60% or less of the high melting point material of the ball part with respect to a ball part made of a high melting point material such as a molten metal or ceramic. The holder part is formed integrally.

また、前記ボール部は、表面に保護層が形成されていることが好適である。保護層としては、浸炭層、酸化皮膜、ステアリン酸亜鉛層、またはセラミック、モリブデン、タング ステン等のコーティング層、或いは硬質クロムメッキ等のメッキ層からなる保護層が利用できる。The ball portion preferably has a protective layer formed on the surface. As the protective layer, carburized layer, oxide film, zinc stearate layer, or ceramic, molybdenum coating layer such as tungsten, or a protective layer made of a plating layer such as hard chrome plating can be utilized.

本発明によるボールジョイント装置の製造方法としては、溶製材金属、セラミック等の高融点材料によりボール部を形成しこのボール部をダイとパンチに配置した後、前記ボ ール部とダイ及びパンチで形成される空間部に前記焼結金属粉末を充填して加圧成形してホルダー部を形成した状態で、前記ボール部の融点の60%以下の焼結温度で焼結することによりボール部に対するホルダー部を一体形成することが好適である。As a method for producing a ball joint apparatus according to the present invention, melted metal material, to form a ball portion of a refractory material such as ceramic, after placing the ball portion to the die and the punch, the ball Lumpur portion and the die and the punch A ball is formed by sintering at a sintering temperature of 60% or less of the melting point of the ball portion in a state where the sintered metal powder is filled in the space portion formed by press forming and the holder portion is formed by pressure molding. It is preferable that the holder part is integrally formed with the part.

本発明によるボールジョイント装置では、ホルダー部が焼結によりボール部に対して一体的に形成できるため工数が省けて安価となり、また一体的に形成することによりボール部とホルダー部とのガタを最小にすることが可能となる。ボール部表面に保護層を設けることにより、ボールジョイントの動作を円滑にすることが可能になるばかりか、ホルダー部焼結時の焼き付きを防止する事もできる。In the ball joint device according to the present invention, the holder part can be formed integrally with the ball part by sintering, so that the man-hours can be saved and the cost can be reduced. It becomes possible to. By providing a protective layer on the surface of the ball part, not only can the operation of the ball joint be made smooth, but also seizure during sintering of the holder part can be prevented.

本発明によるボールジョイントの製造方法においては、ボール部に溶製材金属またはセラミック灯の高融点材料を用い、ホルダー部に低融点の焼結原料を使用してボール部の融点の60%以下の温度で焼結することにより、ボール部とホルダー部の焼き付きを防止することができる。  In the ball joint manufacturing method according to the present invention, a melting metal or ceramic lamp high melting point material is used for the ball part, and a low melting point sintered raw material is used for the holder part, and the temperature is 60% or less of the melting point of the ball part. By sintering with, it is possible to prevent seizure of the ball part and the holder part.

以下、実施例に基づいて本発明を説明する。まず、焼結ホルダーの一体成形についてであるが、材質S45Cのφ5鋼球にφ1.6ロッドの付いた焼き入れ焼き戻し品をボール部として使用する。中心部にロッド付きボール部を保持するコアを有する下パンチをダイに取付け、ロッドをコアに挿入する形でボール部を配置する。ダイと下パンチ上部とで形成される空間部に焼結金属粉末を充填した後、通常の圧力により圧縮成形し、焼結する。  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples. First, regarding the integral molding of the sintered holder, a quenched and tempered product having a φ1.6 rod attached to a φ5 steel ball of material S45C is used as the ball portion. A lower punch having a core for holding a ball portion with a rod at the center is attached to the die, and the ball portion is arranged in such a manner that the rod is inserted into the core. The space formed by the die and the upper part of the lower punch is filled with the sintered metal powder, and then compression-molded by normal pressure and sintered.

いくつかの焼結金属材料について上記の試作を行ったが、その材質、焼結温度及び焼結時の収縮率について表1に示す。  The above-mentioned trial manufacture was performed about several sintered metal materials, but it shows in Table 1 about the material, sintering temperature, and the shrinkage rate at the time of sintering.

Figure 0005521141
Figure 0005521141

上記実施例及び比較例についてボールジョイントとしての動作を確認した結果を表2に示す。  Table 2 shows the results of confirming the operation as a ball joint for the above examples and comparative examples.

Figure 0005521141
Figure 0005521141

使用したボール部の鋼球融点は約1580℃であるので、実施例1,2及び比較例1にように銅系の材料を使用すれば焼結温度はボール部融点の約50%程度で焼結できる。ボール部に金属を使用する場合は、焼結金属材料との焼き付きが問題となるので、焼結温度はボール部材料の融点の60%以下が望ましい。また、同じ銅系粉末でも、比較例1の場合は収縮率が大きいため焼き嵌め状態となってしまって、ボールジョイントとして機能しなかった。従って、焼結金属材料の収縮率を選定する事により、ガタの調整は可能である。  Since the steel ball melting point of the used ball part is about 1580 ° C., if a copper-based material is used as in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1, the sintering temperature is about 50% of the melting point of the ball part. I can conclude. When a metal is used for the ball part, seizure with the sintered metal material becomes a problem, so the sintering temperature is desirably 60% or less of the melting point of the ball part material. Further, even in the case of the same copper-based powder, in the case of Comparative Example 1, the shrinkage rate was large, so that it was in a shrink-fit state and did not function as a ball joint. Therefore, the backlash can be adjusted by selecting the shrinkage rate of the sintered metal material.

一方、比較例2及び3は鉄系材料を使用したが、ボール部と同系統の材料であることと焼結温度が高くなってしまう(ボール部融点に対して約70%)ため、焼き付いていまいボールジョイントとして機能しなかった。  On the other hand, although Comparative Examples 2 and 3 used iron-based materials, they are seized because they are of the same system as the ball part and the sintering temperature becomes high (about 70% with respect to the melting point of the ball part). The ball did not function as a ball joint.

図1は本発明による製造方法を用いて製造したボールジョイントの実施例についてホルダー部のみを断面として示した正面部分断面図である。ボール部1A、1BはS45Cを用い、ホルダー部5A、5BはCu・10wt%Snにて形成した。この実施例では、ロッド部3Aおよび3Bにそれぞれ雄ネジ及び雌ネジを設けておき、それぞれのホルダーを別々に焼結形成した後、ネジ部4を螺合連結することにより一体的なデュアルボールジョイントとした。この構成により、両端にボールジョイントを有する3自由度軸受を安価かつ精度良く製造することができる。  FIG. 1 is a front partial cross-sectional view showing only a holder portion as a cross section of an embodiment of a ball joint manufactured using a manufacturing method according to the present invention. The ball portions 1A and 1B were made of S45C, and the holder portions 5A and 5B were made of Cu · 10 wt% Sn. In this embodiment, a male ball and a female screw are respectively provided on the rod portions 3A and 3B, each holder is separately sintered, and then the screw portion 4 is screwed and connected to form an integral dual ball joint. It was. With this configuration, a three-degree-of-freedom bearing having ball joints at both ends can be manufactured at low cost and with high accuracy.

上記実施例においては、ボール部表面に保護層を設けなかったが、ボール部材質とホルダー部材質との関係、或いは焼結温度によっては若干なりとも焼き付きの可能性が考えられるので、浸炭層、酸化皮膜、ステアリン酸亜鉛層、またはセラミック、モリブデン、タングステン等のコーティング層、或いは硬質クロムメッキ等のメッキ層による保護層を形成することもできる。  In the above example, no protective layer was provided on the surface of the ball part, but the relationship between the ball member quality and the holder member quality, or depending on the sintering temperature, there is a possibility of slight seizure, so the carburized layer, It is also possible to form a protective layer by an oxide film, a zinc stearate layer, a coating layer such as ceramic, molybdenum, tungsten, or a plating layer such as hard chrome plating.

本発明によるボールジョイント装置では、ホルダー部が焼結によりボール部に対して一体的に形成できるため工数が省けて安価となり、また一体的に形成することによりボール部とホルダー部とのガタを最小にすることが可能となる。ボール部表面に保護層を設けることにより、ボールジョイントの動作を円滑にすることが可能になるばかりか、ホルダー部焼結時の焼き付きを防止する事もできる。  In the ball joint device according to the present invention, the holder part can be formed integrally with the ball part by sintering, so that the man-hours can be saved and the cost can be reduced. It becomes possible to. By providing a protective layer on the surface of the ball part, not only can the operation of the ball joint be made smooth, but also seizure during sintering of the holder part can be prevented.

本発明によるボールジョイント装置の実施例を示す正面部分断面図である。It is a front fragmentary sectional view which shows the Example of the ball joint apparatus by this invention.

1A、1B ボール部
2A、2B ボール部表面
3A、3B ロッド部
4 螺合部
5A、5B ホルダー部
6 開口部
1A, 1B Ball part 2A, 2B Ball part surface 3A, 3B Rod part 4 Screwing part 5A, 5B Holder part 6 Opening part

Claims (3)

ロッド付きボール部を形成し、中心部に前記ロッド付きボール部を保持するコアを有する下パンチをダイに取付け、前記ロッドをコアに挿入する形で前記ボール部を配置し、前記ダイと前記下パンチ上部とで形成される空間部に焼結金属粉末を充填した後、圧力をかけて圧縮成形してホルダー部を形成した状態で、前記ボール部の融点以下の焼結温度で焼結することを特徴とするボールジョイント装置の製造方法。 A ball part with a rod is formed, a lower punch having a core for holding the ball part with the rod at the center is attached to the die, the ball part is arranged in such a manner that the rod is inserted into the core, and the die and the lower part are arranged. After the sintered metal powder is filled into the space formed by the upper part of the punch and then compressed, the holder is formed by compression and sintering at a sintering temperature not higher than the melting point of the ball part. A method for manufacturing a ball joint device. 前記ボール部は、表面に浸炭層、酸化皮膜、ステアリン酸亜鉛層、またはセラミック、モリブデン、タングステン等のコーティング層、或いは硬質クロムメッキ等のメッキ層からなる保護層が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載のボールジョイント装置の製造方法。 The ball portion is characterized in that a carburized layer, an oxide film, a zinc stearate layer, or a protective layer made of a coating layer such as ceramic, molybdenum, tungsten, or a plating layer such as hard chrome plating is formed on the surface. A method for manufacturing a ball joint device according to claim 1 . ロッド付きボール部と、中心部に前記ロッド付きボール部を保持するコアを有する下パンチをダイに取付け、前記ロッドをコアに挿入する形で前記ボール部を配置し、前記ダイと前記下パンチ上部とで形成される空間部に焼結金属粉末を充填した後、圧力をかけて圧縮成形してホルダー部を形成した状態で、前記ボール部の融点以下の焼結温度で焼結することにより形成したホルダー部とからなることを特徴とするボールジョイント装置 A lower punch having a ball part with a rod and a core holding the ball part with the rod at the center is attached to the die, and the ball part is arranged in such a manner that the rod is inserted into the core. After the sintered metal powder is filled into the space formed by the above, the pressure is applied and compression molded to form the holder part, and then sintered at a sintering temperature below the melting point of the ball part. A ball joint device characterized by comprising a holder part
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US4966108A (en) * 1989-04-28 1990-10-30 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Sintered ceramic ball and socket joint assembly
JP2737413B2 (en) * 1991-01-22 1998-04-08 日産自動車株式会社 Ceramic ball joint and method of manufacturing the same
JPH1061656A (en) * 1996-08-24 1998-03-06 Hino Motors Ltd Ball joint
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