JP5513456B2 - Elevator abnormality diagnosis apparatus and method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an abnormality diagnosis apparatus and method for detecting an abnormality in an elevator system.

  Elevators are widely used in buildings and private houses. On the other hand, the installation location of the elevator and the person who manages the elevator, that is, the monitoring center or the like are usually separated. The elevator is regularly inspected for abnormalities, but since the elevator is always used by the user, it should be monitored even during normal operation. Even before the regular inspection, if there is any abnormality, it is desirable to notify the monitoring center at an early stage.

  Therefore, various elevator abnormality diagnosis devices have been proposed in order to discover elevator abnormalities during elevator operation. Among them, a device for detecting a sound has been proposed in order to find an abnormality in the elevator. When an abnormal sound is generated in the elevator, it is often the case that the abnormality has occurred or a warning is given, and it is possible to respond early to an elevator failure or the like by detecting the abnormal sound.

JP 2010-132441 A JP2009-274805 JP 2009-162413 A JP 2001-278562 A

  When the abnormality of the elevator is detected by detecting the sound, various sounds are generated around the elevator, and if the collected sound is not the abnormal sound of the elevator, it is erroneously detected. In addition, environmental sounds such as cars and human voices are erroneously detected depending on the location of the elevator.

  In the prior art of Patent Document 1, sliding sounds between the guide rails of the elevator and the guided member are collected and an abnormality is detected in comparison with a predetermined sound volume and height. Since it is limited to the rail and has only one sound collecting means, the position of the sound source cannot be specified.

  In the prior art of Patent Document 2, abnormal sounds are collected by an elevator hoist and sound collecting microphones installed on each floor, and abnormality is detected by sound characteristics. However, it is necessary to install sound collecting microphones on each floor. There is a cost. Further, since no sound collecting microphone is installed in the car itself, it is difficult to detect an abnormal sound of the moving car.

  In the prior art of Patent Document 3, the gunshot collected by the microphone mounted on the vehicle is measured, and the sound source position is specified by the principle of triangulation, but in the case where there are multiple sound sources, The sound source position cannot be specified. Further, in order to specify the sound source position, a distance measuring sensor or map information is separately required.

  In the prior art of Patent Document 4, abnormal sounds are collected by sound collecting microphones installed inside and outside the elevator car, and abnormalities are detected by comparison with a predetermined reference value. Because the is installed, the position of the sound source cannot be specified. In addition, it is difficult to distinguish the environmental sound of the landing from the sound of the elevator itself.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to diagnose an abnormality of an elevator by distinguishing noises other than the elevator from abnormal sounds of the elevator.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on a difference in sound collected by sound collecting means (sound collecting unit) provided in two or more in the car or outside the car, The sound source position is calculated based on the stereo principle, etc., and the presence or absence of an abnormality at the sound source position is diagnosed. If there is an abnormality, an alarm is output.

  In a specific embodiment of the present invention, an interphone microphone in a car is used as one of the sound collecting means.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to determine whether the sound source position is around the elevator even when the elevator is stationary, moving, or when the door is open. Further, since the position of the sound source is discriminated only from the collected sound, no other sensor is required, and since at least two sound collecting means are sufficient, the apparatus can be installed economically.

  Other objects and features of the present invention will be clarified in the embodiments described below.

1 is a block diagram showing an overview of an elevator abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a process flowchart of the abnormality diagnosis apparatus of an elevator similarly. It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of the two sound collection means (sound collection unit) in a passenger car. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a sound source position calculation means. It is a block diagram which shows an example of an abnormal sound diagnostic means. It is a block diagram which shows the outline | summary of the abnormality diagnosis apparatus of the elevator by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of two sound collection means (sound collection unit) outside a passenger car. It is a whole block diagram which shows the outline | summary of the abnormality diagnosis apparatus of the elevator by the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overview of an elevator abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The elevator 100 having an abnormality diagnosis function receives at least one sound S10, has an elevator car part B10 and an abnormal sound diagnosis part B20, and outputs an alarm S30.

  The elevator car portion B10 receives the sound S10, has at least two in-car sound collection units 10 and 20, measures the sound, converts it into acoustic data (acoustic signal) S20, and outputs it. The sound is an environmental sound such as a traveling sound of an elevator, an operation sound of an elevator device, a car sound, or a human voice.

  The abnormal sound diagnosis unit B20 receives the acoustic data S20, has a sound source position calculation unit 30, an abnormal sound diagnosis unit 40, and an alarm generation unit 50, and outputs an alarm S30.

  The sound source position calculation means 30 calculates the position of the sound source from the sound characteristics of the input acoustic data S20. The characteristics of the sound are the loudness (intensity), timbre, frequency, and the like. As a means for calculating the position of the sound source, for example, a stereo principle can be considered. It is determined whether or not the sound source is in the vicinity of the elevator. If the sound source is in the vicinity of the elevator, the acoustic data S20 is output to the abnormal sound diagnosis means 40. If the sound source is not in the vicinity of the elevator, the process ends there, and the sound source position of the next acoustic data S20 is calculated.

  The abnormal sound diagnosis means 40 receives the acoustic data S20, makes an abnormality determination, and outputs an alarm trigger if there is an abnormality. As means for performing the abnormality determination, a method of comparing a predetermined threshold value with the acoustic data S20 or a method of storing the past acoustic data S20 and comparing it with the input acoustic data S20 can be considered. For example, the abnormal sound diagnosing means 40 is based on the comparison with past acoustic data (for example, normal sound) corresponding to the sound generation position calculated and obtained by the sound source position calculating means 30 in the preceding stage, and the corresponding part (part device). An abnormality is judged.

  The alarm generation means 50 inputs an alarm trigger, determines whether an alarm output is necessary, and outputs an alarm S30 if it is determined that an alarm is necessary. When an alarm trigger is input, the alarm S30 is output immediately, and the input alarm trigger is counted, and the count number is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold within a predetermined time. Only a method of determining that the frequency is a predetermined frequency or more and outputting the alarm S30 is conceivable.

  FIG. 2 is a process flowchart of the elevator abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

  First, it is assumed that the elevator operates normally, and noise is generated during normal operation of the elevator. The two in-car sound collection units 10 and 20 collect these noises in sound collection steps F1 and F2, and create sound data in sound data acquisition steps F3 and F4. In step F5, the strength (magnitude) of the acoustic signals of the two acoustic data and the time difference between the signals are calculated, and the sound source position is computed based on the strength (magnitude) of the acoustic signals of the two acoustic data and the time difference between the signals. Based on the calculated sound source position, in step F6, it is determined whether or not the sound source is in the vicinity of the elevator. If not, the process proceeds to step F17 and the diagnosis is stopped. When it is determined that the sound source is in the vicinity of the elevator, first, in the acoustic data selection step F7, the dominant acoustic data is determined based on the strength of the acoustic signal. Using a predetermined threshold value, if the difference between the two pieces of acoustic data is equal to or greater than the threshold value, it is clearly determined that there is an advantage.

  Next, in steps F8 and F9, each of the two acoustic data is subjected to FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) processing, and converted to frequency data. For each frequency data, a feature value is calculated using a statistical method in steps F10 and F11. Here, the statistical method includes principal component analysis and clustering. In steps F12 and F13, the calculated feature value is compared with each learning data 201 and 202, and a difference is calculated. As the learning data 201 and 202, for example, a normal sound can be used. In steps F14 and F15, if the difference is equal to or greater than the threshold value, it is determined to be abnormal, and if it is smaller than the threshold value, it is determined to be normal. If any of the two acoustic data is diagnosed as abnormal, an alarm is issued in step F16. Otherwise, the diagnosis is terminated at step F17.

  However, when the superiority is significant between two pieces of acoustic data, it is desirable to make an abnormality determination according to the diagnosis result for the highly advantageous acoustic data. In other words, when the acoustic data with high dominance is diagnosed as abnormal, it may be determined as abnormal and an alarm may be issued in step F16.

  On the other hand, when the acoustic data with high dominance is diagnosed as normal, it is determined as normal, and the diagnosis may be terminated as it is in step F17.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement example of two sound collecting units in the car. Arrangement example (A) is an example installed at the upper left and right ends of the door surface. Arrangement example (B) is an example of installation at the upper left and right ends of the door facing each other. Arrangement example (C) is an example of installation at a symmetrical angle in the car. Arrangement example (D) is an example of installation at the upper and lower ends of the car. Arrangement example (E) is an example in which a corner of a top plate with a monitoring camera or the like and an interphone microphone are used.

  Since the arrangement example (A) is close to the top plate and the door surface on which many of the parts constituting the elevator are gathered, the sound of many parts can be collected. In particular, since the parts around the door are concentrated on the top plate, it is possible to collect sounds from a door motor, a driven roller, a door rail, and the like.

  Since the arrangement example (B) is a position where a surveillance camera or the like is installed, it is easy to add sound collection means. In addition, since it is in a position facing the door, it is possible to collect a sound when the door is abnormal, for example, rattling or a person / object is caught.

  In the arrangement example (C), the distance between the two microphones (base line length) is maximized because they are arranged diagonally in the car. Therefore, it is thought that the sound that occurs in the elevator car can be collected evenly.

  Since the arrangement example (D) is arranged above and below the car, it is easy to collect the sound of the parts of the top plate and the parts under the floor, especially the sill grooves and door shoes.

  In the arrangement example (E), since the intercom originally installed is used, only one microphone is required. In addition, similar to the arrangement example (C), it is possible to collect all sounds generated in the elevator car.

  FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the sound source position calculation unit 30. The sound data S20 is input, and the sound source position calculation unit B30 and the sound source position determination unit B40 are provided. The sound data S20 is output only when the sound data S20 is determined to be a sound around the elevator.

  The sound source position calculation unit B30 receives the sound data S20, calculates the sound source position of the sound data S20 from the characteristics of the sound data S20, and outputs the sound source position S40. As a calculation method, the sound source position S40 is calculated based on the difference between the acoustic data S20 output from the two sound collection units and the distance (baseline length) between the two sound collection units using the stereo principle.

  The sound source position determination unit B40 receives the sound source position S40, determines whether the sound source position S40 is a sound around the elevator, and outputs the acoustic data S20 only when it is determined as a sound around the elevator. As a determination method, there is a threshold value defined in advance as a sound around the elevator, and if the sound source position S40 is equal to or less than the threshold value, it is determined that the acoustic data S20 is a sound around the elevator.

  FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of the abnormal sound diagnosis means 40. The acoustic data S20 is input, and a past normal sound database (hereinafter referred to as DB) 410 and an abnormal sound determination unit B50 are provided, and an alarm trigger S50 is output only when an elevator abnormality is detected.

  The normal sound DB 410 of the past stores the normal sound S60 of the elevator in advance.

  The abnormal sound determination unit B50 receives the acoustic data S20 and the past normal sound S60 and compares the acoustic data S20 with the past normal sound S60 to determine whether there is an abnormality in the elevator. Trigger S50 is output. As a determination method, a method of calculating the similarity between the acoustic data S20 and the past normal sound S60, or a method of learning the past normal sound S60 and diagnosing the acoustic data S20 can be considered.

  The past normal sound DB 410 stores the past normal sound S60 corresponding to each sound source position that can be specified by the sound source position calculation means 30, and the abnormal sound diagnosis means 40 stores not only the sound data S20 but also the sound source position S40. May be input from the sound source position calculation means 30, and the abnormal sound determination may be performed using the past normal sound S60 corresponding to the sound source position.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an elevator abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The elevator 200 having an abnormality diagnosis function receives at least one sound S10, has an elevator car part B10, and an abnormal sound diagnosis part B20, and outputs an alarm S30. The elevator car portion B10 receives the sound S10, has at least two outside-car sound collection units 110 and 120, and outputs acoustic data S20. The abnormal sound diagnosis unit B20 and the alarm S30 are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement example of two sound collecting units outside the car. Arrangement example (A) is an example installed at the upper and lower ends of the door surface. Arrangement example (B) is an example of installation on the door surface side and the door facing side of the top plate. Arrangement example (C) is an example of installation on the top board and floor surface.

  Since the arrangement example (A) is close to the top plate and the door surface on which many of the parts constituting the elevator are gathered, the sound of many parts can be collected. In particular, since the parts around the door are concentrated on the top plate, it is possible to collect sounds from a door motor, a driven roller, a door rail, and the like. In addition, it is considered that the sound of the sill groove and the door shoe can be easily collected at the lower part of the door.

  Since the arrangement example (B) is close to the top plate and the door surface on which many of the components constituting the elevator are gathered, it is possible to identify the devices that can collect the sounds of many components and generate abnormal sounds. In particular, sounds from door motors, driven rollers, door rails, and the like can be collected.

  In the arrangement example (C), because it is installed on the floor that sandwiches the car and the top plate where many of the parts that make up the elevator are gathered, it is easy to separate the target sound and the environmental sound that are to be diagnosed at the time of sound collection. is there. Further, like the arrangement example (A), since the parts around the door are concentrated especially on the top plate, it is possible to collect sounds of the door motor, the driven roller, the door rail and the like. In addition, it is considered that the sound of the sill groove and the door shoe can be easily collected at the lower part of the car.

  Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 8 is an overall block diagram showing an overview of an elevator abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The elevator 300 having an abnormality diagnosis function inputs sound, has an elevator car E10, an elevator door E20, a door motor E30, at least two in-car sound collection units 10A and 10B, and an abnormal sound diagnosis unit B20, and an alarm S30. Is output to the monitor E40.

  In this embodiment, in particular, abnormal sounds around the doors of elevators are detected. The elevator car E10 corresponds to the elevator car part B10 of the first embodiment, inputs sounds generated by the elevator door E20 and the door motor E30, and has two in-car sound collecting units 10A and 10B. The acoustic data S20 is output.

  In-car sound collection units 10A and 10B are installed at the upper part of the door surface and at the intercom position. Both are omnidirectional microphones. The car sound collecting unit 10A installed at the upper part of the door surface is closer to the elevator door E20 and the door motor E30 than the car sound collecting unit 10B installed at the intercom position. Easy to do.

  The abnormal sound diagnosis unit B20 and the alarm S30 are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  The abnormal sound diagnosis unit B20 has a predetermined threshold value for the in-car sound collection units 10A and 10B, and the acoustic data S20 of the in-car sound collection unit 10A is lower than the threshold value. When the acoustic data S20 of the unit 10B is higher than the threshold value, it can be determined that the environmental noise is larger than the sound around the elevator, and it is determined that the abnormal sound diagnosis is not performed.

  According to the elevator having the abnormality diagnosis function of the present invention, it can be determined whether or not the collected sound is around the elevator, and the abnormality of the elevator can be detected by the sound.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10,20 ... Sound collection means (sound collection unit) in a car, 30 ... Sound source position calculation means, 40 ... Abnormal sound diagnosis means, 50 ... Alarm generation means, 100, 200, 300 ... Elevator having an abnormal sound diagnosis function, 110, 120 ... outside-car sound collecting means (sound collecting unit), 410 ... past normal sound DB, B10 ... elevator car part, B20 ... abnormal sound diagnosis part, B30 ... sound source position calculation part, B40 ... sound source position determination Part, B50 ... abnormal sound determination part, E10, E20 ... elevator car, E30 ... door motor, E40 ... monitor, F1, F2 ... sound collection step, F3, F4 ... acoustic data acquisition step, F5 ... sound source position calculation step, F6 ... step of determining whether the sound source is in the vicinity of the elevator, F7 ... dominant acoustic data determination step, F8, F9 ... FFT processing step, F10, F11 ... statistical Fraction calculation step, F12, F13 ... Difference calculation step with learning data, F14, F15 ... Abnormality determination step, F16 ... Alarm notification step, F17 ... Diagnosis end step, 201, 202 ... Learning data, S10 ... Sound, S20: Acoustic data, S30: Alarm, S40: Sound source position, S50: Trigger, S60: Past normal sound stored.

Claims (11)

Two or more sound collecting means provided inside or outside the elevator car,
An abnormality diagnosing means for diagnosing an abnormality of the elevator based on an acoustic signal collected inside or outside the elevator car;
In an elevator abnormality diagnosis device equipped with an alarm device that outputs an alarm signal based on the output of the abnormality diagnosis means,
The sound collecting means comprises a combination of two or more sound collecting units arranged at intervals in or out of the elevator car,
Sound source position calculating means for calculating the position of the sound source based on the difference between the acoustic signals collected by the two or more sound collecting units,
Sound source position determining means for determining whether or not the position of the sound source calculated by the sound source position calculating means is around an elevator;
When the sound source position determination means determines that the position of the sound source is not around the elevator, the abnormality diagnosis is not performed, and when the sound source position determination means determines that the position of the sound source is around the elevator Comprises an abnormality diagnosis means for diagnosing the presence or absence of an abnormality at the sound source position of the acoustic signal obtained by the calculation based on the collected acoustic signal.   2. The elevator abnormality diagnosis according to claim 1, wherein the sound source position calculating means calculates the position of the sound source based on the intensity and the time difference of the acoustic signal collected by each of the two or more sound collecting units. apparatus.   3. The sound source position calculating means according to claim 1, wherein the sound source position calculating means is based on a stereo principle from two or more acoustic signals respectively collected by two or more sound collecting units disposed at intervals. An elevator abnormality diagnosis apparatus characterized by calculating a sound source position.   The elevator abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: an abnormal device specifying unit that specifies an abnormal device based on the sound source position calculated by the sound source position calculating unit.   4. The abnormality diagnosis necessity determination unit according to claim 1, further comprising: an abnormality diagnosis necessity determination unit that determines whether abnormality diagnosis by the abnormality diagnosis unit is necessary based on the sound source position calculated by the sound source position calculation unit. Elevator abnormality diagnosis device.   6. The elevator abnormality diagnosis device according to claim 1, wherein a microphone of an interphone in a car is used as one of the two or more sound collecting units.   7. The abnormality diagnosis unit according to claim 1, wherein the abnormality diagnosis unit diagnoses an abnormality by comparing an acoustic signal collected by the sound collection unit with a normal sound stored in advance. Elevator abnormality diagnosis device.   8. The elevator abnormality according to claim 7, wherein the normal sound stored in advance is stored in correspondence with a plurality of sound source positions that can be specified by a combination of two or more of the sound collecting units. Diagnostic device.   9. The elevator abnormality diagnosis device according to claim 1, wherein the abnormality signal is output when the abnormality diagnosis unit obtains an abnormality diagnosis more than a predetermined number of times within a predetermined time. The abnormality diagnosis unit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the abnormality diagnosis means uses acoustic signals having strong acoustic signals among acoustic signals collected by the two or more sound collecting units as dominant acoustic data, and the dominant acoustic signals. An elevator abnormality diagnosis device characterized by diagnosing the presence or absence of abnormality from data. In an elevator abnormality diagnosis method for diagnosing an elevator abnormality based on acoustic signals collected inside or outside the elevator car and outputting an alarm signal,
Combine two or more sound collection units that are spaced apart in or out of the elevator car,
A sound source position calculating step for calculating a sound source position based on a stereo principle from the acoustic signals respectively collected by the two or more sound collecting units;
A sound source position determination step for determining whether or not the position of the sound source calculated in the sound source position calculation step is around an elevator;
When it is determined in the sound source position determination step that the position of the sound source is not around the elevator, abnormality diagnosis is not performed, and when it is determined in the sound source position determination step that the position of the sound source is around the elevator Is an abnormality diagnosis step for diagnosing the presence or absence of an abnormality at the sound source position of the acoustic signal obtained by the calculation based on the collected acoustic signal;
An elevator abnormality diagnosis method comprising: an alarm step for outputting the alarm signal when an abnormality at the sound source position is diagnosed.

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