JP5507615B2 - Cogeneration system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is provided with a combined heat and power device that generates both electric power and heat, hot water storage means for storing hot water in a hot water storage tank with heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device, and operation control means for controlling operation,
The operation control means, at the start of the operation mode determination target period,
Based on the time-series predicted power load, the time-series predicted heat load, the energy consumed by the operation of the cogeneration device, and the energy consumption at the time of starting the cogeneration device,
Merits of continuous operation when it is assumed that the heat and power combined device is continuously operated in all time zones of the operation mode determination target period, and the heat and power combined device using a part of the operation mode determination target period as the operation time zone In the case of assuming intermittent operation, seek the intermittent operation merit when assuming the operation time period as the time period when the operation merit is high,
The present invention relates to a cogeneration system configured to determine an operation mode of the combined heat and power supply device as either a continuous operation mode or an intermittent operation mode based on the obtained continuous operation merit and intermittent operation merit.

  Such a cogeneration system is installed in a general household, etc., consumes the electric power generated by the combined heat and power supply equipment with electrical equipment, etc., stores hot water in the hot water storage tank with the heat generated from the combined heat and power supply apparatus, and stores the hot water in the hot water storage tank. Consumed hot water is consumed in the kitchen or bath. Incidentally, the combined heat and power device is composed of a fuel cell, an engine-driven generator, and the like.

  In such a cogeneration system, the operation control means obtains the continuous operation advantage and the intermittent operation advantage as described above, and based on the obtained continuous operation advantage and the intermittent operation advantage, the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply device is continuously set. The operation mode and the intermittent operation mode are determined, and the combined heat and power supply apparatus is operated in the determined operation mode.

  For example, it is possible to improve the operation merit by setting the operation mode corresponding to the higher operation merit among the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit as the operation mode of the cogeneration device, or the continuous operation merit is predetermined. When the value is equal to or greater than the value, the continuous operation mode is given priority over the intermittent operation mode as the operation mode of the combined heat and power device, and when the continuous operation merit is smaller than the predetermined value, the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit By setting the operation mode corresponding to the one with higher operation merit as the operation mode of the combined heat and power device, the start and stop of the combined heat and power device is suppressed and the durability is improved while improving the operation merit is there.

  By the way, as operation merits, energy savings shown by the energy reduction amount by operating the combined heat and power unit, economic efficiency shown by energy cost reduction cost by operating the combined heat and power unit, etc. There are environmental characteristics indicated by the amount of carbon dioxide reduction by operating the co-feeding device.

In such a cogeneration system, conventionally, it is configured to manage the predicted power load and the predicted heat load by dividing into each of a plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period, and the combined heat and power supply The merit of continuous operation when assuming that the device is continuously operated is that when the combined heat and power device is in operation at the start of the operation type determination target period, it is assumed that the energy consumption at startup is not consumed and the combined heat and power device is stopped In the form of consuming energy at start-up, the first operation cycle is determined based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle among the plurality of operation cycles.
In addition, the intermittent driving merit when assuming the time zone where the driving merit is the highest as the driving time zone is the driving merit when the driving time zone is assumed as the driving time zone following the start point of the operation mode judgment target period. It is configured such that the energy consumption at startup is not consumed when the combined heat and power device is in operation at the start of the determination target period, and the energy consumption at startup is consumed when the combined heat and power device is stopped. It had been.

  By the way, when calculating the intermittent driving merit when assuming the time zone where the driving merit is highest as the driving time zone, when assuming the time zone separated from the starting point of the driving mode judgment target period as the driving time zone Of course, the driving merit is determined in the form of consuming energy at startup.

  Further, as an intermittent operation merit, the operation merit obtained based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle is the highest in the form of setting one operation time zone within the first operation cycle. The operation merit for the operation time zone defined within the first operation cycle, and the predicted power load and predicted heat load of the first operation cycle and the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle of the plurality of operation cycles It was configured to obtain the higher operation merit of the operation merit for the operation time zone determined in the first operation cycle so that the operation merit obtained based on the heat load was the highest (for example, patent Reference 1).

In other words, when the heat load is small, such as in the summer, or when the heat load at the location where the cogeneration system is installed is small, for example, if the operation cycle is set to one day, By operating, the hot load stored in the hot water storage tank by the operation may be able to cover the second day, the second day, the third day, or the like.
Therefore, the operation cycle is set to one day, the operation mode determination target period is configured with a plurality of (for example, two or three) operation cycles, and the predicted power load and the predicted heat load are respectively set to the plurality of operation cycles. As described above, the intermittent operation merit is obtained in consideration of not only the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle but also the predicted heat load of the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle. It was configured as follows.

  Incidentally, conventionally, when the predicted power load and the predicted heat load are managed by dividing into each of a plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation form determination target period, as described above, the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit are obtained. The operation mode determination target period configured by a plurality of operation cycles is updated at each start point of the operation cycle, and the continuous operation advantage and the intermittent operation advantage are obtained at each start point of the operation cycle. Based on the obtained continuous operation merit and intermittent operation merit, the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply apparatus is determined to be either the continuous operation mode or the intermittent operation mode.

JP 2006-127867 A

  In such a cogeneration system, the benefits of continuous operation and intermittent operation change depending on the power consumption status and heat consumption status of the installation location, but of course, the continuous operation merit required at the start of the operation mode judgment target period The intermittent operation merit does not merely evaluate the driving merit for the operation form determination target period, but includes the continuous operation form and the intermittent operation in a state including the operation form determination target period following the operation form determination target period. It is necessary to be calculated as a value that evaluates the driving merit that is convenient for selecting an appropriate driving mode, but in the past, at the start of the driving mode determination target period, continuous driving merit and intermittent driving merit However, it is a value that simply evaluates the driving merit for that period Are those that are required, there is a need to improve.

  Hereinafter, the operation mode determination target period is configured with a plurality of operation cycles, and the operation mode determination target period configured with a plurality of operation cycles is updated for each start time of the operation cycle. In addition, a description will be given for a case where the operation form of the combined heat and power supply device is determined to be either the continuous operation form or the intermittent operation form in order to obtain the continuous operation advantage and the intermittent operation advantage.

  For example, when the operation cycle is set to one day, the startup energy consumption is equivalent to one day of continuous operation merits required for ordinary household electric power load and heat load. Therefore, the required driving merit differs considerably depending on whether the driving merit is determined to be consumed or not consumed.

  By the way, the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit are assumed to be per operation cycle (for example, one day), and the electric load is set as a set amount, and the heat load is determined within the assumed heat load generation range in a general household. When the calculation is calculated, the continuous operation advantage and the intermittent operation advantage are calculated as consuming energy at startup, and when the energy consumption at startup is determined not to be consumed. Depending on the load conditions, the intermittent operation merit tends to be higher than the continuous operation merit over substantially the entire heat load generation range.

  That is, since the intermittent operation merit is obtained by determining the operation time zone in a time zone that is advantageous in the operation merit when the cogeneration device is operated in the operation cycle, each of the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit is obtained. When the energy consumption at start-up is handled in the same manner and obtained per operation cycle, the intermittent operation merit tends to be higher than the continuous operation merit.

In addition, in FIG. 8, the continuous operation merit (specifically, the primary energy reduction amount by operating the combined heat and power supply device) is the energy consumption during start-up and the energy consumption during stoppage when stopping the combined heat and power supply device. The relationship with the heat load when it is determined to be consumed is indicated by Lc2, and the intermittent operation merit (specifically, the amount of primary energy reduced by operating the combined heat and power unit) is the energy consumption at start-up and energy consumption at stop-time. As Li2 indicates the relationship with the heat load when it is determined that the energy is consumed, Li2 has a higher operating merit than Lc2 over the entire heat load generation range (the side with a large primary energy reduction amount). If you calculate the benefits of continuous operation and intermittent operation as consuming energy at start-up, the entire heat load generation range will be Intermittent operation merit is can be seen that higher than continuous operation benefits over.
Further, in FIG. 8, the relationship with the thermal load when the continuous operation merit is determined not to consume the energy consumption at start-up and the energy consumption at stop is indicated by Lc1, and the merit of intermittent operation is indicated as energy consumption at start-up and energy consumption at stop-time. As Li1 indicates the relationship with the thermal load when it is determined that energy is not consumed, Li1 is located on the higher operating merit with respect to Lc1 over the entire thermal load generation range. If each of the merit and intermittent operation merit is determined as not consuming energy at startup, it can be seen that the intermittent operation merit is higher than the continuous operation merit over the entire heat load generation range.

  In FIG. 8, the predicted heat load and the predicted energy reduction amount are values converted per one operation cycle. For example, the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle among the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period, and the predicted heat of the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle of the plurality of operation cycles. When the operation merit for the operation time zone determined in the first operation cycle is calculated as the intermittent operation merit so that the operation merit obtained based on the load becomes the highest, the predicted heat load and the predicted energy reduction amount are 1 Converted per operation cycle.

Next, based on FIG. 9, the consumption form of the energy consumption at the start-up in each of the case where the cogeneration apparatus is operated in the continuous operation mode and in the intermittent operation mode will be described.
In FIG. 9, assuming that the combined heat and power unit is operated in a state in which the generated power follows the power load, when the operation mode determination target period is configured with, for example, three operation cycles, the intermittent operation mode is set in each operation cycle. The change with time of the generated power of the combined heat and power unit when the combined heat and power unit is operated is shown in (a), and the combined heat and power when the combined heat and power unit is operated in a continuous operation mode over three operating cycles. The change with time of the generated power of the apparatus is indicated by (B).
As can be seen from FIG. 9, when the combined heat and power device is operated in the intermittent operation mode in each operation cycle constituting the operation mode determination target period, the startup energy consumption is consumed in each operation cycle, and the operation mode determination target period. If the combined heat and power supply device is operated in a continuous operation mode over a plurality of operation cycles that constitutes, energy consumption at startup is not consumed in at least the second and subsequent operation cycles.

  Therefore, when the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit are determined as consumption per start cycle and the consumption energy is consumed at start-up, or when the energy consumption during start-up is obtained not consumed, the intermittent operation merit is obtained. Even if it becomes higher than the continuous operation merit, if the operation merit is evaluated over the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period, the case where the combined heat and power unit is operated in the continuous operation mode over the plurality of operation cycles However, the operation merit may be higher than in the case where the combined heat and power device is operated in the intermittent operation mode in each operation cycle.

  However, conventionally, the continuous operation merit is that when the combined heat and power device is in operation at the start of the operation mode determination target period, the start-up energy consumption is not consumed and when the combined heat and power device is stopped, The combined heat and power supply device calculates the operation merit when assuming the time zone following the start time of the operation mode determination target period as the operation time zone at the start time of the operation mode determination target period. Due to the fact that the energy consumption at startup is not consumed during operation and that the energy consumption at startup is consumed when the combined heat and power unit is stopped, as described below, It is possible to appropriately determine the operation mode as either a continuous operation mode or an intermittent operation mode. There is a problem that does not.

  That is, for each start point of the operation cycle, when the operation form determination target period composed of a plurality of operation cycles is updated and the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit are obtained for each start point of the operation cycle, When the combined heat and power unit is stopped at the start of the cycle, both the continuous operation advantage and the intermittent operation advantage are calculated as consuming energy at startup, and the combined heat and power unit is operating at the start of the operation cycle. In some cases, the continuous operation merit is calculated as not consuming energy at start-up, and the intermittent operation merit is the time period following the start of the first operation cycle among the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period. Because the driving merit when assuming as the driving time zone will be calculated as not consuming energy at startup, At each starting point of the rolling cycle, the intermittent operation merit tends to be easily determined to be higher than the continuous operation merit, and the combined heat and power unit is in the intermittent operation mode in each operation cycle constituting the operation mode determination target period. It becomes easy to drive.

  In other words, when the operation merit is evaluated over the entire plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period, intermittent operation is performed in each operation cycle when the combined heat and power device is operated in a continuous operation mode over a plurality of operation cycles. Even if the operation merit becomes higher than when the combined heat and power unit is operated in the form, there is a possibility that the combined heat and power unit may be operated in the intermittent operation mode in each operation cycle, and the continuous operation of the combined operation mode It is not possible to properly determine the mode or the intermittent operation mode.

By the way, the case where the operation cycle itself is the operation mode determination target period will be briefly described. When the combined heat and power device is stopped at the start of the operation mode determination target period, both the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit are When the combined heat and power unit is operating at the start of the operation mode determination target period, the continuous operation merit is calculated as not consuming the start-up energy consumption, and the intermittent operation merit is Since the driving merit when assuming the time zone following the start point of the driving mode determination target period as the driving time zone is determined as not consuming the energy consumption at startup, the driving cycle itself is set as the driving mode determination target period. In some cases, the advantage of intermittent operation is more than the advantage of continuous operation. Becomes high so as to sought tendency, the driving mode judging period after, cogeneration device is easily operated in intermittent operation mode.
Therefore, when the operation merit is evaluated over a plurality of operation mode determination target periods, the case where the cogeneration device is operated in a continuous operation mode over a plurality of operation mode determination target periods is intermittent in each operation mode determination target period. Even if the operation merit becomes higher than when the combined heat and power unit is operated in the operation mode, there is a possibility that the combined heat and power unit may be operated in the intermittent operation mode in each operation mode determination target period. It is not possible to appropriately determine the form as either a continuous operation form or an intermittent operation form.

  In short, conventionally, at the start of the operation mode determination target period, the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit are obtained as values for simply evaluating the operation merit for the operation mode determination target period. In the state including the operation mode determination target period following the determination target period, the intermittent operation tends to be selected even though the continuous operation mode should be selected, and needs to be improved. is there.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cogeneration system capable of operating a combined heat and power supply apparatus by appropriately setting the operation mode to either a continuous operation mode or an intermittent operation mode. There is.

The first characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system of the present invention is:
A combined heat and power device that generates electric power and heat, a hot water storage device that stores hot water in a hot water storage tank using heat generated by the combined heat and power device, and an operation control device that controls operation, are provided.
The operation control means, at the start of the operation mode determination target period,
Based on the time-series predicted power load, the time-series predicted heat load, the energy consumed by the operation of the cogeneration device, and the energy consumption at the time of starting the cogeneration device,
Merits of continuous operation when it is assumed that the heat and power combined device is continuously operated in all time zones of the operation mode determination target period, and the heat and power combined device using a part of the operation mode determination target period as the operation time zone In the case of assuming intermittent operation, seek the intermittent operation merit when assuming the operation time period as the time period when the operation merit is high,
Based on the obtained continuous operation merit and intermittent operation merit, a cogeneration system configured to determine the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply device as either a continuous operation mode or an intermittent operation mode,
The operation control means is
The operation mode determination target period is divided into each of a plurality of operation cycles, and is configured to manage the predicted power load and the predicted heat load, and
The continuous operation merit when assuming that the combined heat and power supply device is operated continuously is the first operation cycle of the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period at the start of the operation mode determination target period. When the combined heat and power unit is in operation, the start-up energy consumption is not consumed, or the temporary start-up energy consumption set as a value smaller than the start-up energy consumption is consumed, and the combined heat and power unit is stopped. In some cases, the startup energy consumption is consumed, and the startup energy consumption is not consumed for the second and subsequent operation cycles of the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period. form, seeking operation benefits for a plurality of operating cycles that constitute the driving mode judging period, the plurality It characterized that it is configured to determine a sum of the operating benefits of the respective operation cycle in the form of dividing the number of operating cycles that constitute the driving mode judging period.

That is, the operation control means manages the predicted power load and the predicted heat load by dividing each of a plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period.
And, the operation control means, the continuous operation merit when assuming that the combined heat and power device is operated continuously, the consumption energy at start-up is not consumed when the combined heat and power device is operating at the start of the operation mode determination target period or In the form of consuming temporary startup energy consumption set as a value smaller than the startup energy consumption, and consuming startup energy consumption when the combined heat and power unit is stopped, and each of the plurality of operating cycles Is obtained by dividing the sum of the driving merits by the number of driving cycles constituting the driving mode determination target period.

  In other words, regarding the first operation cycle among the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period, it is assumed that the startup energy consumption is not consumed when the combined heat and power device is operating at the start of the operation mode determination target period. Or, if the energy consumption during temporary startup set as a value smaller than the energy consumption during start-up is consumed, and when the combined heat and power device is stopped, the energy consumption during start-up is consumed, a plurality of times constituting the operation form determination target period Regarding the second and subsequent operation cycles of the operation cycles, it is assumed that energy consumption at startup is not consumed, and the driving merit for each of the plurality of driving cycles constituting the driving mode determination target period is obtained, and the obtained plurality of driving cycles are determined. By dividing the sum of the driving merits of each driving cycle by the number of driving cycles that make up the operation mode determination target period. Since the continuous operation merit is obtained, it is assumed that the combined heat and power device is operated in the continuous operation mode over a plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period. When the combined heat and power device is operating at the start time, it is determined that the energy consumption at startup is not consumed, or when the combined heat and power device is stopped at the start time of the operation mode determination target period, it corresponds to one time as startup energy consumption It can be determined that an energy amount smaller than a minute is consumed.

  Then, the operation merit is configured in the operation mode determination target period by obtaining the continuous operation merit on the assumption that the combined heat and power device is operated in the continuous operation mode over a plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period. When evaluating over a plurality of operation cycles, the case where the combined heat and power device is operated in the continuous operation mode over the plurality of operation cycles is more than the case where the combined heat and power device is operated in the intermittent operation mode in each operation cycle. However, when the operation merit becomes high, it becomes possible to set the operation mode of the combined heat and power device to the continuous operation mode, and the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply device is suitable for either the continuous operation mode or the intermittent operation mode. Can be determined.

  Therefore, it has become possible to provide a cogeneration system capable of operating the combined heat and power supply apparatus by appropriately setting the operation mode to either the continuous operation mode or the intermittent operation mode.

In addition to the first feature configuration, the second feature configuration is
The operation control means is
The operation merit when assuming the time zone following the start time of the operation mode determination target period as the operation time zone, the energy consumption at startup when the combined heat and power device is operating at the start time of the operation mode determination target period. The time period during which the driving merit is high is calculated in such a manner that the consumption energy at the time of temporary startup is consumed and the energy consumption at the time of startup is consumed when the combined heat and power supply device is stopped. It is characterized by being configured to obtain the intermittent operation merit when assumed as a belt.

  In other words, the operation control means provides the operation merit when assuming the time zone following the start time of the operation mode determination target period as the operation time zone, and when the cogeneration device is operating at the start time of the operation mode determination target period. A time period during which the operating merit is high in a form that does not consume energy at startup or consumes energy at temporary startup, and requires that energy consumption at startup be consumed when the combined heat and power unit is stopped. The merit of intermittent operation is obtained when assuming as an operation time zone.

That is, when the time zone following the start time of the operation mode determination target period is set as the operation time zone when the combined heat and power device is stopped at the start time of the operation mode determination target period, and When setting a time zone that is separated from the start time as the operation time zone, each intermittent operation merit is obtained by consuming energy at startup once, and at the start of the operation mode judgment target period The continuous operation merit when the combined heat and power unit is stopped is obtained as a consumption amount of energy smaller than the amount corresponding to one time as the energy consumption at start-up as described in the first characteristic configuration above . Therefore, when the driving merit is evaluated over the plurality of driving cycles constituting the driving mode determination target period, Therefore, when the operation merit becomes higher when the combined heat and power device is operated in the continuous operation mode than when the combined heat and power device is operated in the intermittent operation mode in each operation cycle, It becomes possible to make it easier to determine the operation mode as a continuous operation mode.
Therefore, the operation mode can be determined more appropriately as one of the continuous operation mode and the intermittent operation mode.

The third feature configuration is in addition to the second feature configuration,
The operation control means is
In the form of setting one operation time zone in the first operation cycle, the first operation cycle has a higher operation merit obtained based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle. Based on the operation merit for the determined operation time period, the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, and the predicted heat load of the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle of the plurality of operation cycles Assuming that the driving merit of the higher driving merit for the driving time zone determined in the first driving cycle is the driving time zone when the driving merit is higher It is configured to be calculated as a merit for intermittent operation, and
The operation time zone corresponding to the operation merit obtained as the intermittent operation merit is set as the operation time zone of the intermittent operation mode, or the start point of the operation time zone corresponding to the operation merit obtained as the intermittent operation merit is the intermittent operation mode It is characterized in that it is configured to be determined as the operation start timing.

That is, the operation control means sets one operation time zone within the first operation cycle so that the operation merit obtained based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle is high. The operation merit for the operation time period determined within the first operation cycle, the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, and the operation following the first operation cycle of the plurality of operation cycles The higher operating merit of the operating merit for the operating time zone defined in the first operating cycle so that the operating merit obtained based on the predicted thermal load of the cycle is higher, the time zone during which the operating merit is higher It is calculated as an intermittent operation merit when assuming as an operation time zone.
In addition, the operation control means determines the operation time zone corresponding to the operation merit obtained as the intermittent operation merit as the operation time zone of the intermittent operation mode, or the operation time zone corresponding to the operation merit obtained as the intermittent operation merit. The start time is determined as the operation start timing of the intermittent operation mode.

That is, the merit of intermittent operation is a mode in which one operation time zone is set within the first operation cycle, and not only the predicted power load and predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, but also the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle. In view of the predicted heat load, when the heat load is relatively small, by obtaining the operation merit for the operation time zone determined within the first operation cycle so that the operation merit becomes high, the intermittent operation merit Therefore, when the heat load is relatively small, the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply device can be easily determined as the intermittent operation mode. Become.
Therefore, when the heat load is small, it is possible to set the intermittent operation mode that can be operated so as to improve the operation merit by suppressing the heat surplus compared to the continuous operation mode.
In short, the combined heat and power supply apparatus can be operated with the operation mode appropriately determined as either the continuous operation mode or the intermittent operation mode regardless of the heat load.

In addition to any of the first to third feature configurations described above, the fourth feature configuration is
The operation control unit is configured to update an operation mode determination target period configured with a plurality of operation cycles at each start point of the operation cycle.

That is, the operation control means updates the operation mode determination target period constituted by a plurality of operation cycles for each start point of the operation cycle, and provides continuous operation advantage and intermittent operation advantage for each start point of the operation cycle. Thus, based on the obtained continuous operation merit and intermittent operation merit, the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply apparatus is determined to be either the continuous operation mode or the intermittent operation mode.
And, at the start of a certain operation cycle, if the operation mode of the combined heat and power device is set to the continuous operation mode, it becomes easy to determine the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply device to the continuous operation mode even in the subsequent operation cycle, and multiple operation cycles Therefore, when the operation merit is evaluated over a plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period, the heat and power supply device is continuously operated over a plurality of operation cycles. In the case of operation, when the operation merit becomes higher than the case where the combined heat and power device is operated in the intermittent operation mode in each operation cycle, the operation mode of the combined heat and power device can be set to the continuous operation mode. It is possible to determine the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply device as either a continuous operation mode or an intermittent operation mode. It made.

By the way, the actual power load and the actual heat load may fluctuate with respect to the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the operation cycle.
In such a case, when operating the combined heat and power device in the operation mode determined for the predicted power load and the predicted heat load in the operation mode determination target period configured from a plurality of operation cycles, If the actual power load or actual heat load fluctuates with respect to the predicted power load or predicted heat load of the first operation cycle in the first operation cycle, the combined heat and power supply in the operation mode defined above If the operation of the apparatus is continued, there is a possibility that the operation cannot be performed so as to improve the operation merit.

Therefore, by updating the operation mode determination target period composed of a plurality of operation cycles for each start point of the operation cycle, the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit are obtained for each start point of the operation cycle, and the determination is made. Based on the merit of continuous operation and intermittent operation, the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply device is determined to be either the continuous operation mode or the intermittent operation mode. On the other hand, even if the actual power load or the actual heat load fluctuates, when the next operation cycle starts, the operation mode determination target period composed of a plurality of operation cycles is updated, and the updated operation is performed. Based on the predicted power load and predicted heat load during the form determination target period, a new continuous operation merit and intermittent operation merit are obtained, and the operation mode of the combined heat and power device is changed to the continuous operation mode and the intermittent operation mode. It can be determined in any of the state.
Therefore, even if the actual power load or the actual heat load fluctuates with respect to the predicted power load or the predicted heat load, the operation mode is appropriately determined as either the continuous operation mode or the intermittent operation mode, and the cogeneration device is operated. I was able to do that.

In addition to any of the first to fourth feature configurations described above, the fifth feature configuration is
The operation control means manages the standby merit when assuming that the combined heat and power supply device is stopped and waits for the operation in all time periods of the operation mode determination target period, and the standby merit managed and the continuous Based on the operation merit and the intermittent operation merit, it is characterized in that the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply apparatus is set to any one of a standby mode, the continuous operation mode, and the intermittent operation mode.

That is, the operation control means manages the standby merit when it is assumed that the combined heat and power supply apparatus is stopped and the operation is made to stand by in the entire time period of the operation mode determination target period.
And the operation control means is the standby merit managed in that way, and the predicted power load, the predicted heat load, the energy consumed by the operation of the combined heat and power unit, and the continuous operation merit obtained from the start-up energy consumption and the intermittent operation merit Based on the above, the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply apparatus is defined as one of the standby mode, the continuous operation mode, and the intermittent operation mode.

That is, for example, when the predicted power load or the predicted heat load is small, rather than operating the combined heat and power supply device in a continuous operation mode or an intermittent operation mode, the combined heat and power supply device is stopped during the entire operation mode determination target period. There is a case where the merit of driving becomes higher when waiting.
Therefore, in addition to seeking the benefits of continuous operation and intermittent operation, the standby merit is managed, and based on these standby merit, continuous operation merit and intermittent operation merit, the operation mode of the combined heat and power unit is set to the standby mode and continuous operation. When the operation merit becomes higher when waiting for the operation of the combined heat and power device than when operating the combined heat and power device in the continuous operation mode or the intermittent operation mode Can wait for the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus.
Therefore, the combined heat and power device can be operated so as to further improve the operation merit.

The block diagram which shows the whole structure of the cogeneration system which concerns on embodiment The block diagram which shows the control structure of the cogeneration system which concerns on embodiment Diagram showing predicted power load and predicted heat load Explanatory drawing which shows the driving | running state and heat utilization state of a fuel cell with respect to the prediction electric power load and prediction heat load in an operation cycle Diagram explaining temporary operation pattern The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. Diagram showing the relationship between predicted heat load and predicted energy reduction The figure explaining the consumption form of energy consumption at the time of starting

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a first embodiment which is a reference embodiment of the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cogeneration system recovers the heat generated by the fuel cell 1 as a combined heat and power generation apparatus that generates electric power and heat with cooling water, and cools the cooling. Hot water storage unit 4 as hot water storage means for storing hot water in hot water tank 2 and supplying heat medium to heat consuming terminal 3 using water, and operation control means for controlling the operation of fuel cell 1 and hot water storage unit 4 It is comprised from the operation control part 5 grade | etc.,.

Since the fuel cell 1 is well-known, a detailed description and illustration thereof will be omitted. Briefly, the fuel cell 1 includes a cell stack that generates power by being supplied with a fuel gas containing hydrogen and an oxygen-containing gas. A fuel gas generation unit that generates fuel gas to be supplied to the cell stack, a blower that supplies air as an oxygen-containing gas to the cell stack, and the like are provided.
The fuel gas generation unit includes a desulfurizer for desulfurizing a hydrocarbon-based raw fuel gas such as a supplied city gas (for example, a natural gas-based city gas), a desulfurized raw fuel gas supplied from the desulfurizer, A reformer that generates a reformed gas mainly composed of hydrogen by reforming reaction with steam supplied separately, and carbon monoxide in the reformed gas supplied from the reformer with carbon dioxide. A carbon monoxide remover that selectively oxidizes carbon monoxide in the reformed gas supplied from the transformer with selective oxidation air supplied separately. The reformed gas reduced by the shift treatment and the selective oxidation treatment is supplied to the cell stack as the fuel gas.

And it is comprised so that the electric power generated of the said fuel cell 1 may be adjusted by adjusting the supply amount of the raw fuel gas to the said fuel gas production | generation part.
A grid interconnection inverter 6 is provided on the power output side of the fuel cell 1, and the inverter 6 has the same voltage and the same frequency as the received power for receiving the generated power of the fuel cell 1 from the commercial power supply 7. Is configured to do.
The commercial power source 7 is, for example, a single-phase three-wire system 100/200 V, and is electrically connected to a power load 9 such as a television, a refrigerator, or a washing machine via a received power supply line 8.
The inverter 6 is electrically connected to the received power supply line 8 via the generated power supply line 10, and the generated power from the fuel cell 1 is supplied to the power load 9 via the inverter 6 and the generated power supply line 10. Is configured to do.

The received power supply line 8 is provided with power load measuring means 11 for measuring the load power of the power load 9, and the power load measuring means 11 generates a reverse power flow in the current flowing through the received power supply line 8. It is also configured to detect whether or not.
The electric power supplied from the fuel cell 1 to the received power supply line 8 is controlled by the inverter 6 so that a reverse power flow does not occur, and the surplus power of the generated power is recovered by replacing the surplus power with heat. 12 is configured to be supplied.

The electric heater 12 is composed of a plurality of electric heaters, and is provided so as to heat the cooling water of the fuel cell 1 flowing through the cooling water circulation path 13 by the operation of the cooling water circulation pump 15, and is connected to the output side of the inverter 6. ON / OFF is switched by the actuated switch 14.
The operation switch 14 is configured to adjust the power consumption of the electric heater 12 according to the amount of surplus power so that the power consumption of the electric heater 12 increases as the amount of surplus power increases. Yes.
The configuration for adjusting the power consumption of the electric heater 12 is a configuration for adjusting the output of the electric heater 12 by, for example, phase control or the like in addition to the configuration for switching ON / OFF of the plurality of electric heaters 12 as described above. You may adopt.

  The hot water storage unit 4 is configured to store hot water in a state where temperature stratification is formed, the hot water circulating pump 17 that circulates hot water in the hot water tank 2 through the hot water circulation path 16, and the hot water for heat source through the heat source circulation path 20. The heat source circulation pump 21 for circulating the heat, the heat medium circulation pump 23 for circulating and supplying the heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 3 through the heat medium circulation path 22, and the heat exchange for hot water storage for heating the hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 16 24, a heat source heat exchanger 25 for heating the hot water for heat source flowing through the heat source circulation path 20, a heat exchanger for heat medium heating for heating the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation path 22, An auxiliary heater 28 for heating the hot water taken out from the hot water storage tank 2 and flowing through the hot water supply passage 27 and the hot water for heat source flowing through the circulation passage 20 for the heat source is provided.

The hot water circulation path 16 is connected to the bottom and top of the hot water tank 2, and the hot water tank 2 is configured to return hot water taken from the bottom of the hot water tank 2 to the top of the hot water tank 2 by the hot water circulation pump 17. Hot water is circulated through the hot water circulation path 16 and the hot water circulated through the hot water circulation path 16 is heated by the heat exchanger 24 for hot water storage so that the hot water tank 2 forms a temperature stratification. Is configured to store hot water.
The hot water circulation path 16 is branched and connected so that a part thereof is in parallel, a three-way valve 18 is provided at the connection location, and a radiator 19 is provided in the branched flow path. Yes. Then, by switching the three-way valve 18, the hot water extracted from the lower part of the hot water tank 2 is circulated so as to pass through the radiator 19, and the hot water extracted from the lower part of the hot water tank 2 is circulated so as to bypass the radiator 19. It is comprised so that it may switch to the state to be made to.

  The hot water supply path 27 is connected to the hot water storage tank 2 through a location downstream of the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 in the hot water circulation path 16, and hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is connected to the bathtub through the hot water supply path 27. A hot water supply path 29 is connected to the bottom of the hot water tank 2 so as to supply hot water to the hot water tank 2 as the hot water is supplied to a hot water supply destination such as a hot water tap and a shower.

  The heat source circulation path 20 is provided so as to form a circulation path in a state in which a part of the hot water supply path 27 is shared, and the heat source circulation path 20 is for heat source for intermittently flowing the heat source hot water. An intermittent valve 40 is provided.

  The auxiliary heater 28 includes an auxiliary heating heat exchanger 28a provided in a shared portion of the hot water supply passage 27 with the heat source circulation path 20, a burner 28b for heating the auxiliary heating heat exchanger 28a, and the burner. 28b is configured to include a fan 28c for supplying combustion air, a combustion control unit (not shown) for controlling the operation of the auxiliary heater 28, and the like, and is supplied to the auxiliary heating heat exchanger 28a by the combustion control unit. The amount of gas fuel supplied to the burner 28b is adjusted so that the hot water is heated to the target hot water temperature and discharged.

The cooling water circulation path 13 is branched into a hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and a heat source heat exchanger 25 side, and the flow rate of the cooling water to be passed to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and the heat source use are branched at the branch points. A diversion valve 30 is provided that adjusts the ratio of the flow rate of the cooling water that flows to the heat exchanger 25 side.
The diversion valve 30 allows the entire amount of cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 to flow to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side, or allows the entire amount of cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 to flow to the heat source heat exchanger 25 side. It is comprised so that it can also be made.

The hot water storage heat exchanger 24 is configured to heat the hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 16 by passing the cooling water of the cooling water circulation path 13 that has recovered the heat generated by the fuel cell 1. Yes. In the heat source heat exchanger 25, the hot water for the heat source flowing through the heat source circulation path 20 is heated by passing the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 that has recovered the heat generated by the fuel cell 1. It is configured.
In the heat exchanger 26 for heat medium heating, the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation path 22 is passed by flowing hot water for the heat source heated by the heat exchanger 25 for heat source or the auxiliary heater 28. It is configured to be heated. The said heat consumption terminal 3 is comprised by heating terminals, such as a floor heating apparatus and a bathroom heating apparatus.

  The hot water supply passage 27 is provided with hot water supply heat load measuring means 31 for measuring the hot water supply heat load when hot water is supplied to the hot water supply destination, and the terminal heat for measuring the terminal heat load at the heat consuming terminal 3. A load measuring means 32 is also provided. In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, these hot water supply thermal load measurement means 31 and the terminal thermal load measurement means 32 are the temperature sensor which detects the temperature of the flowing hot water and heat medium, and the flow volume which detects the flow volume of hot water and a heat medium. And a sensor, and configured to detect a thermal load based on a detected temperature of the temperature sensor and a detected flow rate of the flow sensor.

A hot water storage temperature sensor Sh that detects the temperature of hot water that is heated by the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 and supplied to the hot water tank 2 at a location downstream of the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 in the hot water circulation path 16. Is provided.
The hot water storage tank 2 includes an upper end temperature sensor S1 for detecting the temperature of hot water at the upper end of the upper layer portion of the hot water tank 2, and a boundary between the upper layer portion and the middle layer portion of the hot water tank 2 for detecting the amount of heat stored in the hot water tank. An intermediate upper temperature sensor S2 for detecting the temperature of hot water at the position, an intermediate lower temperature sensor S3 for detecting the temperature of hot water at the boundary between the middle layer and the lower layer of the hot water tank 2, and the lower end of the lower layer of the hot water tank 2 A lower end temperature sensor S4 for detecting the temperature of the hot water at the position is provided, and a water supply temperature sensor Si for detecting the temperature of the water supplied to the hot water tank 2 is provided in the water supply passage 29.

A method of calculating the amount of stored hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 by the operation control unit 5 will be described.
The temperatures of the hot water in the hot water tank 2 detected by the upper end temperature sensor S1, the intermediate upper temperature sensor S2, the intermediate lower temperature sensor S3, and the lower end temperature sensor S4 are T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The water supply temperature detected by the temperature sensor Si is Ti, and the capacities of the upper layer portion, the middle layer portion, and the lower layer portion are V.
The weighting coefficient in the upper layer part is A1, the weighting coefficient in the middle layer part is A2, the weighting coefficient in the lower layer part is A3, and the coefficient for converting the unit of energy between watts and calories is α ( For example, the hot water storage amount (W) can be calculated by the following (Equation 1).

Hot water storage heat amount = {(A1 × T1 + (1-A1) × T2-Ti) × V
+ (A2 * T2 + (1-A2) * T3-Ti) * V
+ (A3 × T3 + (1-A3) × T4-Ti) × V} ÷ α (equation 1)

  The weighting factors A1, A2, A3 are empirical values considering past temperature distribution data in each layer of the hot water tank 2. Here, as A1, A2, A3, for example, A1 = A2 = 0.2 and A3 = 0.5. A1 = A2 = 0.2 indicates that the influence of the temperature T2 is larger than the influence of the temperature T1 in the upper layer portion. This indicates that 80% of the upper layer is close to the temperature T2, and 20% is close to the temperature T1. The same applies to the middle layer portion. In the lower layer part, it shows that the influence of temperature T3 and T4 is the same.

  The operation control unit 5 controls the operation of the fuel cell 1 in a state where the cooling water circulation pump 15 is operated during the operation of the fuel cell 1, and the hot water circulation pump 17 and the heat source circulation pump 21. The hot-medium storage pump 2 stores hot water in the hot-water tank 2 and supplies the heat medium to the heat-consuming terminal 3 by controlling the operation of the heat-medium circulation pump 23, the diversion valve 30 and the heat source intermittent valve 40. It is comprised so that the heat-medium supply operation to perform may be performed.

  The operation control unit 5 performs the hot water storage operation in a state where no operation command is given from a terminal remote controller (not shown) for the heat consuming terminal 3, and in the hot water storage operation, the diversion valve 30 is configured to reduce the total amount of cooling water. The temperature of the hot water supplied to the hot water storage tank 2 is switched to the state of flowing through the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 and the heat source intermittent valve 40 is closed based on the detection information of the hot water storage temperature sensor Sh. Is configured to control the operation of the hot water circulation pump 17 in order to adjust the hot water circulation amount so that the temperature becomes a preset target hot water storage temperature (for example, 60 ° C.). The hot water at the target hot water temperature is stored in the hot water tank 2 by this hot water storage operation.

In addition, when the operation is commanded from the terminal remote controller, the operation control unit 5 performs the heat medium supply operation. In the heat medium supply operation, the heat source intermittent valve 40 is opened, and the heat source circulation pump is operated. In a state in which 21 is operated at a preset rotational speed, the flow dividing valve 30 is configured to allow an amount of cooling water corresponding to the terminal heat load at the heat consuming terminal 3 to flow through the heat source heat exchanger 25. As described above, when the diverter valve 30 is controlled to allow the cooling water to flow also to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side in such a state that the heat medium supply operation is performed as described above. The operation of the hot water circulation pump 17 is controlled, and the hot water storage operation is executed in parallel with the heat medium supply operation.
When the operation control unit 5 is instructed to stop the operation from the terminal remote controller during the heat medium supply operation, the operation control unit 5 causes the diverter valve 30 to pass the entire amount of cooling water to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side. The heat source intermittent pump 40 is closed, the heat source circulation pump 21 is stopped, and the hot water circulation pump 17 is operated to switch from the heat medium supply operation to the hot water storage operation. It is configured.

  When the hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 is supplied to the hot water supply destination through the hot water supply passage 27 and during the execution of the heating medium supply operation, the combustion control unit of the auxiliary heater 28 generates heat for auxiliary heating. When the temperature of the hot water supplied to the exchanger 28a is lower than the target hot water temperature, the hot water supplied to the auxiliary heating heat exchanger 28a is heated to the target hot water temperature and discharged to the burner 28b. The amount of gas fuel supplied will be adjusted.

  Further, the operation control unit 5 stores hot water up to the bottom of the hot water tank 2 when the temperature detected by the lower end temperature sensor S4 is equal to or higher than a preset temperature for heat radiation operation during the hot water storage operation. Assuming that the amount of hot water stored in the tank 2 is full, the three-way valve 18 is switched to a state in which the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water tank 2 is circulated so as to pass through the radiator 19 and the radiator 19 is operated. After the hot water taken out from the lower part of the water is radiated by the radiator 19, the hot water is passed through the hot water storage heat exchanger 24, heated, and supplied to the hot water tank 2.

Next, control of the operation of the fuel cell 1 by the operation control unit 5 will be described.
The operation control unit 5 includes a time-series predicted power load, a time-series predicted heat load, and energy consumed by the operation of the fuel cell 1 (hereinafter referred to as energy consumed during operation) at the start of the operation mode determination target period. The fuel cell 1 in all time periods of the operation mode determination target period based on the energy consumption at the time of starting the fuel cell 1 and the energy consumption at the time of stopping the fuel cell 1 When the fuel cell 1 is assumed to be intermittently operated with a part of the operation mode determination target period as an operation time period, and the time when the operation merit is highest The operation merit calculation process to obtain the intermittent operation merit when the belt is assumed as the operation time zone is executed, and the continuous operation obtained by the operation merit calculation process Based on the lit and intermittent operation merits, depending on the selection conditions, the operation mode (corresponding to the operation mode) of the fuel cell 1 is changed to the continuous operation mode (corresponding to the continuous operation mode) and the intermittent operation mode (corresponding to the intermittent operation mode). It is comprised so that the operation mode setting process defined in either may be performed.
The operation control unit 5 is configured to operate the fuel cell 1 in an operation mode determined by the operation mode setting process.

  In this 1st Embodiment, the said selection conditions are set to the conditions which determine the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 to the operation mode corresponding to the one where the operation merit is higher among the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit.

  The start-up energy consumption includes energy required to warm up the reformer, the transformer, and the like constituting the fuel gas generation unit to temperatures set so as to enable processing in each. The energy consumption during stoppage is energy required when purging purge gas (raw fuel gas or inert gas) into the gas flow path of the fuel gas generator when the fuel cell 1 is stopped. Including energy for driving a pump, a valve and the like.

In the first embodiment, the operation cycle is set to one day, the operation mode determination target period is configured by two consecutive operation cycles, and the operation cycle is configured by a plurality of unit times. The unit time is set to 1 hour.
Further, as an operation merit, an energy reduction amount by operating the fuel cell 1 is used.

  In the first embodiment, the operation control unit 5 assumes the continuous operation merit when it is assumed that the fuel cell 1 is operated continuously in the operation merit calculation process at the start of the operation mode determination target period. Regardless of whether or not the vehicle is in operation, it is configured to obtain in a form that does not consume the startup energy consumption, and the time period following the start time of the operation type determination target period is assumed as the operation time period The driving merit when performing the operation mode is determined in such a way as to consume the starting energy consumption regardless of whether or not the fuel cell 1 is operating at the start of the driving mode determination target period. It is comprised so that the intermittent operation merit may be calculated | required when the time slot | zone assumed as an operation time slot | zone.

  The operation control unit 5 is configured to manage the predicted power load and the predicted heat load by dividing each of a plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period, and the fuel cell 1 The continuous operation merit when assuming the continuous operation is calculated based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle among the plurality of operation cycles in a form in which the energy consumption at the time of stop is not consumed. And the operation merit obtained based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle is the highest in the form in which one operation time zone is set within the first operation cycle. The operation merit for the operation time zone determined within the first operation cycle, the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, and the first of the plurality of operation cycles The higher operation merit of the operation merit for the operation time period determined in the first operation cycle so that the operation merit obtained based on the predicted heat load of the operation cycle subsequent to the operation cycle is the highest, It is configured to obtain the intermittent operation merit when the time zone in which the driving merit is highest is assumed as the driving time zone.

  Further, when the operation control unit 5 sets the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 to the intermittent operation mode at the start of the operation mode determination target period, an operation time zone setting process for setting the operation time zone of the intermittent operation mode. The operation time zone setting process is configured to set one operation time zone in the intermittent operation mode within the first operation cycle, and in the operation mode determination target period. The driving merit when assuming the time zone following the start time as the driving time zone is that when the fuel cell 1 is in operation at the start time of the operation mode determination target period, the energy consumption at startup is not consumed and the fuel cell 1 Is in a form that is determined to consume the startup energy consumption when the vehicle is stopped, based on the predicted power load and predicted heat load of the first operation cycle. The operation time zone in which the operation merit obtained is the highest, the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, and the predicted heat load of the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle of the plurality of operation cycles The driving time zone having the highest driving merit out of the driving time zones having the highest driving merit obtained based on is set as the driving time zone in the intermittent operation mode.

  That is, since the operation time zone in the intermittent operation mode is set to one in the first operation cycle among the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period, in the intermittent operation mode, the operation mode determination target period is set. Since the fuel cell 1 is stopped once in the meantime, the intermittent operation merit is obtained in a form in which energy consumption at the time of stop is consumed.

  In the intermittent operation mode, a mode in which the operation time zone is determined within the first operation cycle so that the operation merit obtained based on the predicted power load and predicted heat load of the first operation cycle is the highest is intermittent every day. The operation merit obtained based on the predicted power load and predicted heat load of the first operation cycle and the predicted heat load of the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle among the plurality of operation cycles is described as the operation mode. A mode in which an operation time zone is determined within the first operation cycle so as to be higher may be described as an intermittent operation mode every two days.

  Further, the operation control unit 5 updates the operation mode determination target period constituted by a plurality of operation cycles at each start point of the operation cycle, and executes the operation mode setting process at each start point of the operation cycle. Is configured to do.

  Further, the operation control unit 5 manages the standby merit when it is assumed that the fuel cell 1 is stopped and the operation is waited in the entire time period of the operation mode determination target period, and the standby merit that is managed and Based on the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit, the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is configured to be set to one of a standby mode (corresponding to a standby mode), the continuous operation mode, and the intermittent operation mode. Yes.

Hereinafter, the operation mode setting process will be described.
First, time-series past power load data and time-series past heat load data are managed, and time-series predicted power load data and time-series predicted heat load data are obtained based on the management data. A description of the data management process will be added. Incidentally, the heat load is obtained as a combination of the hot water supply heat load when hot water is supplied to the hot water supply destination and the terminal heat load at the heat consuming terminal 3.
The operation control unit 5 stores the actual power load data, the actual hot water supply heat load data, and the actual terminal heat load data in association with the operation cycle and unit time in the nonvolatile memory 34, thereby allowing past time-series power consumption. Load data and past time-series thermal load data are managed in association with each unit time for each operation cycle over a set period (for example, four weeks before the operation day), and the time-series past power load data and Based on the management data of the time-series past heat load data, the predicted power load data and the predicted heat load data are configured to be divided and managed in each of a plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation form determination target period. ing.

However, in the first embodiment, the predicted power load data is managed only for the first operation cycle of the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period, and the predicted heat load data constitutes the operation mode determination target period. All of the plurality of operation cycles to be performed are divided into operation cycles and managed.
Incidentally, the actual power load is measured based on the measured value of the power load measuring means 11 and the output value of the inverter 6, and the actual hot water supply heat load is measured by the hot water supply heat load measuring means 31, and the actual terminal heat load is measured. Is measured by the terminal thermal load measuring means 32.

And the said operation control part 5 is the time-sequential past electric power load data and the time-sequential past at the start time (equivalent to the start time (for example, 3:00 am) of each driving cycle) of a driving | running | working mode determination object period. Based on the management data of the thermal load data, the time-series predicted power load data and the time-series predicted thermal load data of the first operation cycle among the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period, and the plurality Time-series predicted thermal load data of the operation cycle (hereinafter, the second operation cycle may be described) following the first operation cycle of the operation cycles is obtained for each unit time, and the memory 34 It is comprised so that it may memorize.
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, at the start of the operation mode determination target period, the predicted power load data and the predicted heat load data of the first operation cycle are obtained every unit time.

Next, the operation merit calculation process for calculating the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode as the continuous operation merit and the predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode as the intermittent operation merit will be described.
As the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode, a predicted energy reduction amount in the load following continuous operation mode and a predicted energy reduction amount in the suppressed continuous operation mode are obtained.
The predicted energy reduction amount in the load following continuous operation mode is based on the assumption that the main operation for causing the generated power of the fuel cell 1 to follow the predicted power load is executed in all time periods of the operation mode determination target period. It is a predicted energy reduction amount, and the predicted energy reduction amount in the suppressed continuous operation mode is a predicted heat load when it is assumed that an electric main operation that follows the predicted power load is executed in all time periods of the operation mode determination target period. When the surplus heat state in which the generated heat of the fuel cell 1 is surplus is predicted, the output of the fuel cell 1 is more than the main output that follows the predicted power load in a part of the operation mode determination target period. This is a predicted energy reduction amount when it is assumed that a small suppression output is set.

When the fuel cell 1 is operated, the operation control unit 5 obtains the currently requested current power load for each relatively short predetermined output adjustment period such as 1 minute or less, and the minimum output (for example, 300 W) to the maximum output. Within a range of (for example, 1000 W), the main output that continuously follows the current power load is determined, and the generated power of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the determined main output so as to follow the current power load. Performs main operation.
The current power load is measured based on the measured value of the power load measuring means 11 and the output value of the inverter 6, and the current power load is measured at a predetermined sampling time (for example, in the previous output adjustment cycle). It is obtained as an average value of data sampled at 5 seconds).

Incidentally, the excess heat state means, for example, that hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is full, and the heat output from the fuel cell 1 during the operation of the radiator 19 or the heat medium supply operation is consumed. The hot water stored in the hot water tank 2 is larger than the terminal thermal load required by the terminal 3, and the radiator 19 is activated.
An explanation will be given for the prediction of the excess heat state.
The operation control unit 5 obtains the predicted power load and the predicted heat load in the operation cycle, and assuming that the main operation is continuously performed in response to the predicted power load, the generated heat of the fuel cell 1 is generated. It is determined whether or not a surplus heat state occurs with respect to the predicted heat load, and a time zone in which the surplus heat state occurs is determined as a surplus heat time zone.

  Further, in the intermittent operation mode, the operation control unit 5 executes the main operation when the fuel cell 1 is operated.

The operation control unit 5 is configured to be able to calculate a predicted energy reduction amount that is an energy reduction amount for a predicted power load and a predicted heat load with respect to a temporary operation pattern of a certain fuel cell 1.
That is, the operation control unit 5 assumes that the main operation is performed on the predicted power load in a mode in which the fuel cell 1 is operated in the operation time period in the preset temporary operation pattern, and the time series of the fuel cell 1 The predicted predicted generated power and predicted generated heat are calculated.
Then, the operation control unit 5 reduces the energy consumption when the fuel cell 1 is operated in the temporary operation pattern with reference to the energy consumption when the fuel cell 1 is not operated, as shown in the following Expression 2. The amount is calculated as the predicted energy reduction amount.

Predicted energy reduction amount P = energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated E1-energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated (Equation 2)

  The energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is the energy consumption amount in the commercial power source 7 when all of the predicted power load is supplemented with the received power from the commercial power source 7 as shown in Equation 3 below. , It is obtained as the sum of the energy consumption when all of the predicted heat load is supplemented with the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 28.

E1 = predicted power load / power generation efficiency of commercial power source 7 + predicted heat load / heat generation efficiency of auxiliary heater 28 (Equation 3)

  On the other hand, the energy consumption E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated is the energy consumption of the fuel cell 1 when the predicted power load and the predicted heat load are supplemented with the predicted generated power and the predicted generated heat of the fuel cell 1 during operation. Energy consumption in the commercial power source 7 when the power consumption and the insufficient power load corresponding to the predicted power load minus the predicted generated power are supplemented with the received power from the commercial power source 7 and the predicted heat generation from the predicted heat load It is assumed that the energy consumption at startup is consumed in the sum of the energy consumption when the insufficient heat load corresponding to the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted heat amount used as the predicted heat load is supplemented with the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 28. In this case, the energy consumption at startup is added, and when the energy consumption at stop is consumed, the energy consumption at stop is added.

  That is, in the first embodiment, the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode as the continuous operation merit is, as described above, whether or not the fuel cell 1 is in operation at the start of the operation mode determination target period. Regardless of the above, the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated in the continuous operation mode is obtained as follows. As shown in Expression 4, the energy consumption is calculated by a calculation formula for non-consumption of both starting and stopping energy that does not add both starting energy consumption and stopping energy consumption.

E2 = Energy consumption during operation + Insufficient power load / Power generation efficiency of commercial power supply 7 + Insufficient heat load / Heat generation efficiency of auxiliary heater 28 (Equation 4)

  Further, in the first embodiment, as described above, the predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode as an advantage of the intermittent operation is whether or not the fuel cell 1 is in operation at the start of the operation mode determination target period. Therefore, the energy consumption E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated in the intermittent operation mode is calculated by the following equation (5). As shown in Fig. 5, the energy consumption is calculated by a calculation formula for both energy consumption at startup / stop, which adds both energy consumption at startup and energy consumption at stop.

E2 = Energy consumption during operation + Insufficient power load / Power generation efficiency of commercial power supply 7 + Insufficient heat load / Heat generation efficiency of auxiliary heater 28 + Energy consumption at start-up + Energy consumption at stop ... (Formula 5)

Incidentally, the starting energy consumption and the stopping energy consumption of the fuel cell 1 are unique to the fuel cell 1 and are obtained in advance by experiments or the like and stored in the memory 34.
For example, the starting energy consumption is set to 1900 Wh, and the stopping energy consumption is set to 200 Wh.

A description will be given of a method for obtaining the predicted energy reduction amount P as described above.
As shown in FIG. 5, all of the temporary operation patterns in which one operation time zone is set within the first operation cycle among the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation form determination target period are stored in the memory 34.
For example, if the start time of the driving mode determination target period is 3:00 am, the pattern of starting operation from 3:00 am to 4:00 am (unit time 1) is the time from 3:00 am to 4:00 am (unit Pattern 1 (start time is 3:00 am, stop time is 4:00 am), and time zone from 3:00 am to 5:00 am (unit time “1” and “2”) ) Is a driving time zone 2 (starting time is 3 am, stopping time is 5 am), time zone from 3 am to 6 am (unit time “1”, “2” and “3”) There are 24 types of pattern 24 in which the driving time zone is a time zone from 3 am to 3 am on the next day (unit time “1” to “24”). In addition, as a pattern for starting operation from 4:00 am to 5:00 am (unit time “2”), a pattern 25 having this unit time “2” as an operation time zone, a time zone from 4 am to 6 am Pattern 26 with operation time zone (unit time “2” and “3”)... 4:00 am to 3 am on the next day (unit time “2” to “24”) There are 23 types of patterns 47 as bands. In this way, up to the pattern 300 using the time zone (unit time “24”) from 2:00 am to 3:00 am at the end of the driving cycle as the driving time zone, there are 300 types of temporary driving patterns from the pattern 1 to the pattern 300. There are things.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the predicted power load (a) and the predicted heat load (m) are obtained for each of 24 unit times in the first operation cycle in the operation mode determination target period, and further, the operation mode determination target period. The predicted thermal load (m) is obtained for each unit time in the operation period subsequent to the first operation period, and the fuel cell 1 for each unit time included in the operation time zone set in the temporary operation pattern. Is obtained in a form that follows the predicted power load (a). At this time, if the predicted power load is less than or equal to the minimum output of the fuel cell 1, the main output (b) is set to the minimum output and the difference is obtained as the surplus power (i). It is done. On the other hand, when the predicted power load is equal to or greater than the maximum output of the fuel cell 1, the main output (b) is set to the maximum output and the difference is obtained as the insufficient power amount (c).

By dividing the main output (b) by the power generation efficiency (e) of the fuel cell 1 in each unit time included in the operation time zone, the energy consumption during operation (primary energy consumption amount of the fuel cell 1 ( g) and the amount of generated heat (d) of the fuel cell 1 is obtained by multiplying the operating energy consumption (g) by the heat generation efficiency (f) of the fuel cell 1.
In each unit time other than the operation time zone, the main output (b) is set to 0, so the energy consumption during operation (g) and the amount of generated heat (d) are 0.

  Furthermore, in each unit time of the first operation cycle, within the range not more than the maximum capacity of the hot water tank 2, the amount of heat generated (d) minus the exhaust heat loss (h) is integrated, Further, the amount of heat generated by the electric heater 12 obtained from the surplus electric energy (i) is added to the hot water storage heat dissipation amount (l) radiated in the hot water storage tank 2 and the predicted use used as the predicted heat load (m). The amount obtained by subtracting the amount of heat (n) is determined as the amount of stored hot water (k) stored in the hot water tank 2, and the amount of heat exceeding the maximum capacity of the hot water tank 2 is surplus heat (j ). However, the amount of stored hot water at the start of the operation mode determination target period is based on the detected temperatures of the upper end temperature sensor S1, the intermediate upper temperature sensor S2, the intermediate lower temperature sensor S3, the lower end temperature sensor S4, and the feed water temperature sensor Si. It is obtained based on the above equation 1.

  In addition, for each unit time of the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle, a state in which the amount of stored hot water (k) in the final unit time in the first operation cycle is continuously used as the predicted heat load (m). Assuming that the amount of hot water stored in the previous unit time (k) is subtracted from the amount of heat released from the hot water (l) and the predicted amount of heat used (n) used as the predicted heat load (m), the next unit Calculated as the amount of hot water stored in time (k).

The predicted energy reduction amount P in the load following continuous operation mode is obtained as follows.
First, the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated in the load following continuous operation mode is assumed to be the operation in the first operation cycle, assuming that the main operation is performed to follow the predicted power load over the entire time period of the operation cycle. The sum of the hourly energy consumption (g), the total of the shortage electric energy (c), and the sum of the shortage heat load obtained as the difference between the predicted heat load (m) and the predicted heat consumption (n) It is obtained by substituting it into an arithmetic expression for non-consumption of both energy at the time of start / stop.
Further, based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, the energy consumption E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is obtained by the above equation 3.
Then, by substituting the energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated and the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated as described above into the equation 2, the load follow-up continuous operation mode is obtained. A predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained.

The predicted energy reduction amount P in the suppressed continuous operation mode is obtained as follows.
First, the energy consumption E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated in the suppression continuous operation mode is obtained as follows.
In the form of setting one suppression time zone in which the output of the fuel cell 1 is set to a suppression output smaller than the main output following the predicted power load before the heat surplus time zone in the first operation cycle, a plurality of stages As described above, the total of the operating energy consumption (g) and the shortage electric energy (c) are calculated for each of the temporary operation patterns for suppression formed with different suppression outputs and suppression time zones set to The total and the total of the insufficient heat load obtained as the difference between the predicted heat load (m) and the predicted heat consumption (n) are obtained, and the calculation formula for non-consumption of both energy at the time of start / stop of Equation 4 is obtained. By substituting, the energy consumption amount E2 is obtained for each of the temporary operation patterns for suppression, and it is determined whether or not there is a surplus heat time zone in which a surplus heat state occurs.
Further, based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, the energy consumption E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is obtained by the above equation 3.
The energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated and the energy consumption amount when the fuel cell 1 is operated are calculated as described above for each of the suppression temporary operation patterns in which no excessive heat time zone occurs. By substituting E2 into Equation 2, the predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained, and the largest of the obtained predicted energy reduction amounts P is set as the predicted energy reduction amount P in the suppression continuous operation mode.

The predicted energy reduction amount P in the intermittent operation mode is obtained as follows.
For each of all the temporary operation patterns stored in the memory 34, the fuel cell 1 was operated on the assumption that the main operation was performed to follow the predicted power load in the operation time zone set in each temporary operation pattern. Energy consumption amount E2 in the case, the difference between the total energy consumption (g) during operation and the total shortage power amount (c) in the first operation cycle, and the predicted heat load (m) and the predicted usage heat amount (n) Is calculated by substituting the sum of the insufficient heat loads obtained as follows into the calculation formula for both energy consumption during start-up / stop of the above-described formula 5.
Based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, the energy consumption E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is obtained by the equation (3).
For each of the temporary operation patterns, by substituting the energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated and the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated as described above into the above equation 2, The predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained, and the largest of the obtained predicted energy reduction amounts P is set as the predicted energy reduction amount in the daily intermittent operation mode.

In addition, for each of all the temporary operation patterns stored in the memory 34, the predicted energy reduction amount P obtained for each of the temporary operation patterns is supplemented by the sum of the predicted use heat amount (n) in the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle. By dividing the value obtained by adding the energy consumption when supplemented with the heat generated by the vessel 28 by 2 which is the number of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period, the predicted energy reduction amount per operation cycle (1 day) is obtained. The maximum of the obtained predicted energy reduction amounts is set as the predicted energy reduction amount P in the intermittent operation mode every two days.
Then, the larger one of the predicted energy reduction amount P in the daily intermittent operation mode and the predicted energy reduction amount P in the 2-day intermittent operation mode is obtained as the predicted energy reduction amount P in the intermittent operation mode.

By the way, even if the fuel cell 1 is stopped, energy (electric power) is consumed, for example, to keep it in a state where power generation is possible, and the fuel cell 1 in all time zones within the operation cycle. The energy consumed in the cogeneration system when the power is stopped is determined as the standby energy consumption Z in advance through experiments or the like.
The predicted energy reduction amount in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode may be obtained as negative values.
For example, when the predicted energy reduction amount in the load following continuous operation mode obtained as a negative value is larger than the negative value of the standby energy consumption Z, the fuel cell 1 is set in the load following continuous operation mode. Driving is more energy-saving than waiting for driving, and conversely, the predicted energy reduction amount in the load following continuous operation mode obtained as a negative value is smaller than the negative value of standby energy consumption Z Since it is more energy saving to wait for the operation than to operate the fuel cell 1 in the load following continuous operation mode, the standby energy consumption Z can be used as a standby merit.
Therefore, the standby energy consumption Z is stored in the memory 34 of the operation control unit 5 as a standby merit. That is, the operation control unit 5 is configured to manage the standby energy consumption Z as a standby merit.

Incidentally, the standby energy consumption Z can be obtained by the following equation, for example.
Z = power consumption during standby × standby time / power generation efficiency of commercial power supply 7

  Then, the operation control unit 5 calculates the maximum of the predicted energy reduction amount in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode obtained as described above. Is larger than the negative value of the standby energy consumption Z, the predicted energy reduction amount in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction in the intermittent operation mode The operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is determined in the operation mode corresponding to the maximum predicted energy reduction amount of the amount, the predicted energy reduction amount in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount in the suppression continuous operation mode When the maximum amount of the predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode is equal to or less than the negative value of the standby energy consumption Z, the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is Defining a de in standby mode.

FIG. 8 shows the results of obtaining the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode and the predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode in accordance with the thermal load in a state where the electric load is the set amount.
In FIG. 8, Lc1 is obtained by calculating the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode as not consuming the starting energy consumption and the stopping energy consumption, and Lc2 is activated the estimated energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode. This is obtained by consuming the time consumption energy and the stop time energy consumption.
In FIG. 8, Li1 is a predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode obtained as not consuming start-up energy consumption and stop-time energy consumption, and Li2 is a predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode. Is calculated as consuming energy consumption at start-up and energy consumption at stop.

As shown by Lc1 and Li2 in FIG. 8, the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode is obtained as not consuming the starting energy consumption and the stopping energy consumption, and the predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode is calculated as the starting energy consumption. When the predicted heat load is Q or more, the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode becomes equal to or more than the predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode. When the operation mode is set to the continuous operation mode and the predicted heat load is smaller than Q, the predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode is larger than the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode, and the fuel cell 1 The operation mode is set to the intermittent operation mode.
However, as can be seen from Lc1, Lc2, Li1, and Li2 in FIG. 8, when the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode is determined as consuming the energy consumption at startup and the energy consumption at stop, the predicted energy in the intermittent operation mode is obtained. Regardless of whether the energy consumption at startup and energy consumption at stop are calculated or not, the predicted energy reduction in the continuous operation mode is the predicted energy reduction in the intermittent operation mode. The operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is not set to the continuous operation mode.

  Therefore, the continuous operation merit when assuming that the fuel cell 1 is continuously operated does not consume the startup energy consumption regardless of whether or not the fuel cell 1 is in operation at the start of the operation mode determination target period. The fuel cell 1 is in operation at the start time of the driving mode determination target period, and the driving merit when assuming the time zone following the starting time of the driving mode determination target period as the driving time zone. Regardless of whether or not the energy consumption at the time of startup is consumed, it is predicted by obtaining the intermittent operation merit when assuming the time period in which the driving merit is highest as the operation time period. When the power load and the predicted heat load are in a state where the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 should be set to the continuous operation mode, the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 Will be able to as defined in the continuous operation mode, the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 can properly determine that any of the continuous operation mode and intermittent operation mode.

  Incidentally, Lc1 in FIG. 8 shows the result of obtaining the continuous operation merit as not consuming energy at stop, and Li2 shows the result of obtaining the intermittent operation merit as consuming energy at stop. However, the energy consumption during stoppage is considerably small, and the effect on the calculated value of operation merit is small depending on whether or not the energy consumption during stoppage is consumed. The relationship between the benefits of continuous operation calculated in the form of not consuming energy at startup even when the handling of energy consumption at startup is changed, and the intermittent operation advantage calculated in the form of consuming energy at startup 8 is similar to the relationship between Lc1 and Li2, and as described above, the predicted power load and the predicted heat load. When the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is in a state to be set out in a continuous operation mode, the one that can be so defined the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 to the continuous operation mode.

Next, the operation time zone setting process executed when the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the intermittent operation mode will be described.
That is, as an arithmetic expression for obtaining the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated, as shown in the following expression 6, the start-time non-consumption / stop-time without adding the start-time consumption energy and adding the stop-time consumption energy An arithmetic expression for consumption is set.

E2 = Energy consumption during operation + Insufficient power load / Power generation efficiency of commercial power source 7 + Insufficient heat load / Heat generation efficiency of auxiliary heater 28 + Energy consumption during stop ... (Formula 6)

When the fuel cell 1 is in operation at the start of the operation mode determination target period, a unit time equal to or greater than the set number N1 (for example, 2) in the temporary operation pattern stored in the memory 34 is set as the operation time zone. Of all the temporary operation patterns, for each of the temporary operation patterns that assume the time period following the start time of the operation mode determination target period as the operation time period, the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated is expressed by the above equation 6 For each of the other temporary operation patterns, the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated is expressed as both energy at the time of start / stop at the time of the above equation 5. It is calculated by a calculation formula for consumption.
Further, when the fuel cell 1 is stopped at the start of the operation mode determination target period, all the temporary operation patterns in which the unit time of the set number N1 or more in the temporary operation pattern stored in the memory 34 is the operation time zone. For each of the above, the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated is determined by the calculation formula for both energy consumption at start-up / stop time of the equation 5.
Based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, the energy consumption E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is obtained by the equation (3).

  When the fuel cell 1 is not operated and the fuel cell 1 is operated as described above for each of the temporary operation patterns in which the unit time of the set number N1 or more is the operation time zone, the fuel cell 1 is operated. The estimated energy reduction amount P is obtained by substituting the energy consumption amount E2 into the formula 2, and the operation time zone of the maximum temporary operation pattern among the obtained predicted energy reduction amounts P is the operation time in the intermittent operation mode every day. A belt.

In addition, for each of all the temporary operation patterns in which the unit time of the set number N1 or more is an operation time zone, the predicted energy reduction amount P obtained for each is added to the predicted use heat amount (n in the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle). ) Is added to the amount of energy consumed when the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 28 is supplemented, and divided by 2, which is the number of operating cycles constituting the operating mode determination target period, the predicted energy reduction per operating cycle The amount P is obtained, and the operation time zone of the temporary operation pattern in which the obtained predicted energy reduction amount P is the maximum is set as the operation time zone of the intermittent operation mode every two days.
Of the operation time zone in the daily intermittent operation mode and the operation time zone in the 2-day intermittent operation mode, the operation time zone with the larger predicted energy reduction amount P is set as the operation time zone in the intermittent operation mode.

Note that when setting the operation time zone in the intermittent operation mode as described above, the estimated energy reduction amount P is obtained as described above for all the temporary operation patterns stored in the memory 34, so that the intermittent operation mode is intermittent every day. The operation time zone of the operation mode and the operation time zone of the 2-day intermittent operation mode may be obtained, and the operation time zone with the larger predicted energy reduction amount P may be set as the operation time zone of the intermittent operation mode. .
However, the temporary operation pattern in which the operation time zone is too short is difficult to obtain merit in reducing energy consumption, and is not preferable in terms of durability. Therefore, as described above, the unit time of the set number N1 or more. Only in the temporary operation pattern in which the operation time zone is, the predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained, the operation time zone in the daily intermittent operation mode and the operation time zone in the 2-day intermittent operation mode are obtained, and the predicted energy reduction amount P is By configuring the larger operation time zone as the operation time zone of the intermittent operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount P is maximized within a range that does not adversely affect the durability of the operation time zone of the intermittent operation mode. Can be set as follows.

Hereinafter, based on the flowchart shown in FIG. 6, the said operation mode selection process is demonstrated.
The operation control unit 5 updates the operation mode determination target period so as to be configured with two operation cycles subsequent to the start time every time the operation cycle starts (for example, 3:00 am) The operation mode selection process is executed.
In other words, each time the operation cycle starts, the data management process is executed as described above to obtain the predicted power load data and the predicted heat load data, and the operation merit calculation process is executed as described above to perform load tracking. The predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 in the continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode are calculated, and the largest one of them is consumed during standby. By determining whether or not the energy Z is larger than the negative value “−Z”, it is possible to operate one of the load following continuous operation mode, the suppression continuous operation mode, and the intermittent operation mode. It is determined whether or not energy is saved as compared with executing the standby mode in which the fuel cell 1 is stopped in all time periods of the cycle (steps # 1 to # 4).

  That is, the energy consumption amount when the load following continuous operation mode, the suppression continuous operation mode, and the intermittent operation mode are executed is larger than the energy consumption amount when the fuel cell 1 is not operated, and the prediction in the load following continuous operation mode is performed. The energy reduction amount Pc1, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode may be obtained as negative values. The largest of the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 in the continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 in the suppressed continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode is the negative value of the standby energy consumption Z “ If it is greater than -Z ", it is better to execute one of the load following continuous operation mode, the suppression continuous operation mode, or the intermittent operation mode. Become energy-saving than to run mode.

  When it is determined in step # 4 that the execution of any one of the load following continuous operation mode, the suppression continuous operation mode, and the intermittent operation mode saves energy compared to executing the standby mode, the process proceeds to step # 5. Of the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode If the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode is not the maximum, the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is changed to the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 and the suppression continuous operation mode in the load following continuous operation mode. Is set to the operation mode corresponding to the larger energy reduction amount of the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 at the time, that is, the continuous operation mode. Will be set to de (Step # 6).

  Although details will be described later, among the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode, in the intermittent operation mode. If the predicted energy reduction amount Pi is determined to be the maximum, the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the intermittent operation mode, and the selection condition is one of the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit having the higher operation merit. It is stipulated in the conditions defined in the operation mode corresponding to.

  In step # 5, among the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode, the predicted energy in the intermittent operation mode When it is determined that the reduction amount Pi is the maximum, in step # 7, a heat load coverage rate U / L indicating the extent to which the predicted heat load of the operation cycle can be covered by the amount of stored hot water at the start of the operation cycle is obtained, and step # 8 compares the obtained thermal load coverage rate U / L with the lower set value K, and determines that the standby condition is satisfied when the thermal load coverage rate U / L is greater than the lower set value K; When the thermal load coverage ratio U / L is lower than the lower set value K, it is determined that the standby condition is not satisfied.

Incidentally, L of the thermal load coverage ratio U / L is the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle obtained by summing the predicted heat loads (m) of each unit time of the first operation cycle.
Moreover, U of the thermal load coverage rate U / L can be covered by the amount of stored hot water at the start of the first operation cycle out of the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, with the generated heat amount (d) of the fuel cell 1 being 0. Is the predicted amount of heat used.
For example, assuming that the start point of the first operation cycle is in the state of the start point of the operation cycle shown in FIG. 4B, L is the entire operation cycle as shown in FIG. The predicted heat load (m) of the unit time (hours 0 to 23) is a total value, and U is the predicted amount of heat used for the entire unit time (hours 0 to 23) of the operation cycle as shown in FIG. This is the sum of (n).
The lower set value K is set to 0.4, for example.

  That is, since there is heat radiation from the hot water tank 2, when obtaining the heat load coverage rate indicating the extent to which the predicted heat load in the first operation cycle can be covered by the amount of hot water stored in the hot water tank 2 at the start of the first operation cycle. Rather than using the amount of hot water stored in the hot water tank 2 at the start of the first operation cycle, it is predicted that the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle can be covered by the amount of stored hot water at the start of the first operation cycle. Since the direction using the heat usage amount U can consider the heat radiation from the hot water tank 2, it is possible to appropriately obtain the thermal load bridging rate.

  When it is determined in step # 8 that the standby condition is not satisfied, the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the intermittent operation mode, the operation time zone setting process is executed as described above, and the operation in the intermittent operation mode is performed. A time zone is set (steps # 9 and # 10).

  If it is determined in step # 8 that the standby condition is satisfied, it is determined in step # 11 whether the fuel cell 1 is in operation. If it is in operation, in step # 12, the heat load is covered. When it is determined whether or not the ratio U / L is larger than the upper set value M (for example, 0.9) larger than the lower set value K, it is determined that the ratio U / L is not larger. In step # 13, the fuel cell 1 It is determined whether or not the operation continuation condition for continuing the operation is satisfied.

  That is, all the temporary operation patterns that are assumed to be the operation time zone from the temporary operation patterns stored in the memory 34, which continues from the start time and is composed of unit times of 1 to the set number N2 (for example, 10). For each of the patterns, assuming that the main operation for following the predicted power load is performed during the operation time period, it is determined whether or not the amount of stored hot water in the final unit time in the first operation cycle is 0, and the amount of stored hot water is When there is a temporary operation pattern that becomes zero, it is possible to continue the operation of the fuel cell 1 without entering a heat surplus state in which the amount of stored hot water in the final unit time of the first operation cycle is greater than zero. Yes, it is determined that the operation continuation condition is satisfied, and when there is no provisional operation pattern in which the amount of stored hot water becomes 0, it is determined that the operation continuation condition is not satisfied.

  If it is determined in step # 13 that the operation continuation condition is satisfied, in step # 14, the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to an operation continuation mode in which the operation of the fuel cell 1 is continued for the operation duration. In 15, the operation duration setting process for setting the operation duration is executed.

In the operation continuation time setting process, the temporary operation pattern in which the predicted energy reduction amount P is the maximum among the temporary operation patterns determined in step # 13 that the stored hot water amount in the final unit time in the first operation cycle becomes zero. Set the operation time zone to the operation continuation time.
In other words, the energy consumption E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated for each of the temporary operation patterns determined in step # 13 that the hot water storage heat amount in the final unit time in the first operation cycle becomes 0 is activated according to Equation 6 above. By substituting the obtained energy consumption E2 and the energy consumption E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated obtained by the above equation 3 into the above equation 2 by the calculation formula for time non-consumption / stop consumption. Then, the predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained, and the operation time zone of the temporary operation pattern with the maximum obtained predicted energy reduction amount P is set as the operation duration time.

  When it is determined in step # 4 that the execution of the standby mode saves energy, when it is determined in step # 11 that the fuel cell 1 is stopped, the thermal load coverage rate is determined in step # 12. When it is determined that U / L is greater than the upper set value M, in step # 13, when it is determined that the operation continuation condition is not satisfied, the standby mode is set.

  When the operation mode setting process sets the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 to the load following continuous operation mode, the operation control means 5 executes the main operation for following the current power load over the entire time period of the operation cycle. When the suppression continuous operation mode is set, the main operation of adjusting the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 to the set suppression output in the suppression time zone and following the current power load in the other time zones in the operation period. When the intermittent operation mode is set, the main operation is performed to follow the current power load during the operation time zone set in the operation time zone setting process, and when the operation continuation mode is set, the operation is continued. When the operation of the fuel cell 1 is continued and the standby mode is set in the form of executing the main operation for following the current power load for the operation continuation time set in the time setting process, all of the next operation cycle is set. The operation of the fuel cell 1 is stopped for a period zone.

  That is, the operation mode setting process is executed every time the operation cycle starts, and in the operation mode execution process, as described above, the thermal load coverage ratio U / L is larger than the lower set value K and the standby condition is set. When it is determined that the fuel cell 1 is stopped, when it is determined that the fuel cell 1 is stopped, when it is determined that the fuel cell 1 is in operation and the thermal load coverage ratio U / L is greater than the upper set value M, and In any case where it is determined that the fuel cell 1 is in operation and the thermal load coverage ratio U / L is not more than the upper set value M and does not satisfy the operation continuation condition, the standby mode is set. Therefore, when the operation mode setting process is set to the 2-day intermittent operation mode and the time point when the current operation mode setting process is performed corresponds to the start time of the second operation cycle in the 2-day intermittent operation mode. The driving mode When the standby mode is set as described above in the determination process, the fuel cell 1 is stopped over the entire time period of the second operation cycle in the 2-day intermittent operation mode, and the 2-day intermittent operation mode. Is executed.

  Also, in the intermittent operation mode every two days, the actual thermal load in the first operation cycle is larger than the predicted thermal load, and it is determined that the thermal load coverage ratio U / L is lower than the lower set value K and does not satisfy the standby condition. Then, the intermittent operation mode is newly set.

  Further, when it is determined that the thermal load coverage rate U / L is larger than the lower set value K and the standby condition is satisfied, the fuel cell 1 is in operation and the thermal load coverage rate U / L is equal to or lower than the upper set value M. If it is determined that the operation continuation condition is satisfied, the fuel cell 1 is continuously operated so as not to become a heat surplus state even when the last unit time in the first operation cycle is reached, and thus, energy consumption at startup is consumed. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently cover the heat load of the first operation cycle, and energy saving can be further improved.

  Hereinafter, although the second to fourth embodiments of the present invention will be described, each of the second to fourth embodiments will describe another embodiment of the control operation in the operation mode setting process of the operation control unit 5. Since the overall configuration of the cogeneration system is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description of the overall configuration of the cogeneration system is omitted, and mainly the control operation in the operation mode selection process of the operation control unit 5. Will be described.

[Second Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a second embodiment which is a reference embodiment of the present invention will be described. This second embodiment is based on the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode and the predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode. Another embodiment of the selection condition for determining the operation mode of the battery 1 as one of the continuous operation mode and the intermittent operation mode will be described. The data management process and the operation merit calculation process are performed in the first embodiment described above. In addition, since the operation time zone setting process is executed when the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the intermittent operation mode, the data management process is executed. The description of the driving merit calculation process and the driving time zone setting process is omitted.

Also in the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the operation cycle is set to one day, the operation mode determination target period is constituted by two continuous operation cycles, and the operation merit is as follows: The amount of energy reduction by operating the fuel cell 1 is used.
Further, similarly to the first embodiment, the operation control unit 5 updates the operation mode determination target period configured by a plurality of operation cycles for each start time of the operation cycle, and for each start time of the operation cycle. The operation mode setting process is executed.

  In the second embodiment, when the selection condition is that the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode as the continuous operation merit is equal to or greater than the set reduction amount G (for example, 580 Wh), the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the intermittent operation mode. When the continuous operation mode is prioritized and the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode is smaller than the set reduction amount G, the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode and The conditions are set for the operation mode corresponding to the larger energy reduction amount among the predicted energy reduction amounts in the intermittent operation mode.

The operation mode setting process will be described below based on the flowchart shown in FIG.
Every time the operation cycle starts, data management processing is executed in the same manner as in the first embodiment to obtain predicted power load data and predicted heat load data, and operation merit calculation processing is executed in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Thus, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode are calculated (steps # 21 to 23).

  Subsequently, it is determined whether or not the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 in the load following continuous operation mode is equal to or larger than the set reduction amount G. When the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 is equal to or larger than the set reduction amount G, the operation mode is set to the load following continuous operation mode. When the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 in the load following continuous operation mode is smaller than the set reduction amount G, it is determined whether or not the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 in the suppression continuous operation mode is equal to or larger than the set reduction amount G. When the amount is G or more, the operation mode is set to the suppression continuous operation mode (steps # 24 to # 26).

  Subsequently, when it is determined in steps # 24 and # 26 that neither the predicted energy reduction amount Pc in the load following continuous operation mode nor the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 in the suppressed continuous operation mode is equal to or greater than the set reduction amount G. In # 27, as in the first embodiment, the heat load coverage rate U / L indicating the extent to which the predicted heat load of the operation cycle can be covered by the amount of stored hot water at the start of the operation cycle is obtained. In step # 28, The obtained thermal load coverage rate U / L and the lower set value K are compared, and when the thermal load coverage rate U / L is greater than the lower set value K, it is determined that the standby condition is satisfied, and the thermal load coverage rate When U / L is equal to or lower than the lower set value K, it is determined that the standby condition is not satisfied.

  If it is determined in step # 28 that the standby condition is not satisfied, in step # 29, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the intermittent operation By determining whether or not the maximum predicted energy reduction amount Pi during the mode is smaller than the negative value “−Z” of the standby energy consumption Z, the load following continuous operation mode and the suppression continuous operation mode are determined. It is determined whether the execution of any one of the intermittent operation mode is more energy efficient than the standby mode in which the fuel cell 1 is stopped in the entire time period of the operation cycle.

  In step # 29, the largest of the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode. When it is determined that the object is not smaller than the negative value “−Z” of the standby energy consumption Z, in step # 30, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 in the load following continuous operation mode and the prediction in the suppression continuous operation mode It is determined whether or not the maximum energy reduction amount Pc2 and the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode is the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode.

  In Step # 30, when it is determined that the maximum is not the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode, the operation mode is set to the larger one of the load following continuous operation mode and the suppression continuous operation mode. If it is set (step # 25) and it is determined that the maximum is the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode, the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the intermittent operation mode, and the operation is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The time zone setting process is executed to set the operation time zone in the intermittent operation mode (steps # 31 and 32).

  If it is determined in step # 28 that the standby condition is satisfied, it is determined in step # 33 whether or not the fuel cell 1 is in operation. If it is in operation, in step # 34, the heat load is covered. When it is determined whether or not the ratio U / L is larger than the upper set value M, which is larger than the lower set value K, and it is determined that the ratio U / L is not larger, in step # 35, as in the first embodiment, the fuel If it is determined whether or not the operation continuation condition for continuing the operation of the battery 1 is satisfied and it is determined that the operation continuation condition is satisfied, in step # 36, the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the operation continuation mode. In the same manner as in the first embodiment, an operation duration setting process for setting the operation duration is executed (step # 37).

  In step # 29, the largest of the predicted energy reduction amount Pc1 in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount Pc2 in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount Pi in the intermittent operation mode is When it is determined that the standby consumption energy Z is smaller than the negative value “−Z”, at step # 33, when it is determined that the fuel cell 1 is stopped, at step # 34, the thermal load coverage rate When it is determined that U / L is larger than the upper set value M, in step # 35, when it is determined that the operation continuation condition is not satisfied, the standby mode is set (step # 38).

  As in the first embodiment, when the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is set to the load following continuous operation mode in the operation mode setting process, the operation control means 5 is activated over the entire time period of the operation cycle. When the main operation for following the electric power load is executed and the suppression continuous operation mode is set, the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the set suppression output in the suppression time zone in the operation cycle, and the other time zone Then, the main operation is performed to follow the current power load, and when the intermittent operation mode is set, the main operation is performed to follow the current power load during the operation time zone set in the operation time zone setting process. When the continuous mode is set, the operation of the fuel cell 1 is continued and the standby mode is set in such a manner that the main operation is performed to follow the current power load for the operation duration set in the operation duration setting process. When stops the operation of the fuel cell 1 over a total time period of the next operation cycle.

[Third Embodiment]
Hereinafter, although 3rd Embodiment which is embodiment of this invention is described, this 3rd Embodiment shows another embodiment of driving merit calculation processing, and data management processing is 1st in connection with it. Unlike the first embodiment, it further differs from the first embodiment in that the operation time zone setting process executed in the first embodiment is not executed, but the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode and the predicted energy reduction in the intermittent operation mode. The selection conditions for determining the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 to be either the continuous operation mode or the intermittent operation mode based on the amount are the same as in the first embodiment.

Also in the third embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the operation cycle is set to one day, the operation mode determination target period is configured with two continuous operation cycles, and the operation merit is as follows: The amount of energy reduction by operating the fuel cell 1 is used.
Further, similarly to the first embodiment, the operation control unit 5 updates the operation mode determination target period configured by a plurality of operation cycles for each start time of the operation cycle, and for each start time of the operation cycle. The operation mode setting process is executed.

  In the data management process, the operation control unit 5 manages the time-series past power load data and the time-series past heat load data in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Based on the management data of the load data and time-series past heat load data, both the predicted power load data and the predicted heat load data are determined for each of the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period for each operation cycle. It is configured to be managed separately.

The operation control unit 5 determines the continuous operation merit when the fuel cell 1 is assumed to be operated continuously in the operation merit calculation process. In the form in which the energy consumption is not consumed and the fuel cell 1 is consumed when the fuel cell 1 is stopped, and the sum of the driving merits for each of the plurality of driving cycles is the driving form determination target It is comprised so that it may obtain | require in the form which remove | divides by the number of the driving cycles which comprise a period.
Further, the operation control unit 5 assumes that the fuel cell 1 is in operation at the start time of the operation mode determination target period, assuming that the operation time zone is assumed to be the time zone following the start time of the operation mode determination target period. When it is assumed that the time when the driving merit is highest is assumed as the operating time zone in the form where the energy consumption at the time of starting is not consumed and the fuel cell 1 is in a state of being stopped It is configured to ask for the benefits of intermittent operation.

  Further, the operation control unit 5 sets one operation time period within the first operation cycle, and the operation merit obtained based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle is the highest. As described above, the operation merit for the operation time period determined within the first operation cycle, the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, and the first operation cycle of the plurality of operation cycles follow The highest operating merit is the highest operating merit among the operating merit for the operating time period determined in the first operating cycle so that the operating merit obtained based on the predicted heat load of the operating cycle is the highest. It is configured so as to be obtained as an intermittent operation merit when assuming a high time zone as an operation time zone, and is compatible with the operation merit obtained as the intermittent operation merit. Operation time zone that is configured to determine the operating time period of the intermittent operation mode.

Hereinafter, the driving merit calculation process will be described.
As in the first embodiment, the operation control unit 5 uses the formula 2 to reduce the energy consumption when the fuel cell 1 is operated based on the energy consumption when the fuel cell 1 is not operated. Is calculated as the predicted energy reduction amount, but the method of obtaining the energy consumption when the fuel cell 1 is operated is different from that of the first embodiment.

The continuous operation mode is assumed to be executed over two operation cycles constituting the operation form determination target period.
The energy consumption when the fuel cell 1 is operated in the first operation cycle in the continuous operation mode does not consume the startup energy when the fuel cell 1 is operating at the start of the operation mode determination target period. When the fuel cell 1 is stopped at the start of the operation mode determination target period, it is assumed that the startup energy consumption is consumed and the stop consumption energy is not consumed. The energy consumption when the fuel cell 1 is operated in the second operation cycle in the continuous operation mode is obtained in such a manner that the energy consumption at the start is not consumed and the energy consumption at the stop is not consumed. It will be.

Further, as in the first embodiment, the operation time zone in the intermittent operation mode is set as one in the first operation cycle among the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period. In the intermittent operation mode, since the fuel cell 1 is stopped once during the operation mode determination target period, the intermittent operation merit is obtained in the form of consuming energy at the time of stop.
That is, when the fuel cell 1 is operated in the intermittent operation mode, the energy consumption amount is determined to be that when the fuel cell 1 is in operation at the start of the operation mode determination target period, energy consumption at start-up is not consumed and consumption at stop-time is performed. It is determined in a form that energy is consumed, and when the fuel cell 1 is stopped at the start of the operation mode determination target period, it is determined in a form that consumes energy at startup and consumes energy at stop. Become.

  Accordingly, as a calculation formula for obtaining the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated, the calculation formula for the non-consumption of both energies at the time of start / stop of Formula 4 in the first embodiment, In addition to the calculation formula for both energy consumption at stop and the calculation formula for non-consumption at start / consumption at stop in Equation 6, the energy consumption at start and consumption at stop are added as shown in Equation 7 below. Calculation formulas for consumption at startup / non-consumption at stop without applying energy are set.

E2 = Energy consumed during operation + Insufficient power load / Power generation efficiency of commercial power supply 7 + Insufficient heat load / Heat generation efficiency of auxiliary heater 28 + Energy consumed during start-up (Equation 7)

The predicted energy reduction amount P in the load following continuous operation mode is obtained as follows.
First, assuming that the main operation is performed to follow the predicted power load over the entire time period of the first operation cycle, the energy consumption E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated is determined as the fuel cell at the start of the operation mode determination target period. When the fuel cell 1 is in operation, the above equation 4 is obtained from the calculation formula for non-energy consumption at both start and stop, and when the fuel cell 1 is stopped at the start of the operation mode determination target period, the above equation Energy consumption E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated according to the above equation 3 based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load in the first operation cycle. And substituting the energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated and the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated into the above-described equation 2 to predict the initial operation cycle. Determine the energy reduction amount P.

Next, assuming that the main operation is performed to follow the predicted power load over the entire time period of the second operation cycle, the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated is calculated at the time of start / stop of the equation 4. The energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is obtained by the above equation 3 based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the second operation cycle, which is obtained by the calculation formula for both energy non-consumption. By substituting the energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated and the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated into the equation 2, the predicted energy reduction amount P for the second operation cycle is obtained. Ask.
Then, the value obtained by adding the predicted energy reduction amount P of the first operation cycle obtained as described above and the predicted energy reduction amount P of the second operation cycle is the number of operation cycles constituting the operation form determination target period. A predicted energy reduction amount per one operation cycle divided by 2 is obtained as a predicted energy reduction amount P in the load following continuous operation mode.

The predicted energy reduction amount P in the suppressed continuous operation mode is obtained as follows.
First, the predicted energy reduction amount P in the first operation cycle is obtained as follows.
In the form of setting one suppression time zone in which the output of the fuel cell 1 is set to a suppression output smaller than the main output following the predicted power load before the surplus heat time zone, the suppression output and suppression set in multiple stages The energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated for each of the temporary operation patterns for suppression formed with different time zones is calculated as the fuel cell 1 is operating at the start of the operation mode determination target period. When the fuel cell 1 is stopped at the start time of the operation mode determination target period, it is obtained by the calculation formula for non-energy consumption at both start and stop of the expression 4. / Calculated using a non-consumption operation formula when stopped.
Further, based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, the energy consumption E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is obtained by the above equation 3.
For each of the suppression temporary operation patterns, the energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated and the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated are substituted into the formula 2 as described above. Thus, the predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained, and the largest of the obtained predicted energy reduction amounts P is set as the predicted energy reduction amount P in the first operation cycle.

Next, the predicted energy reduction amount P for the second operation cycle is obtained as follows.
In the form of setting one suppression time zone in which the output of the fuel cell 1 is set to a suppression output smaller than the main output following the predicted power load before the surplus heat time zone, the suppression output and suppression set in multiple stages For each of the suppression temporary operation patterns formed with different time zones, the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated is calculated by the above-mentioned equation 4 for both non-energy consumption at startup / stop. Obtained by equation.
Further, based on the predicted power load and predicted heat load of the second operation cycle, the energy consumption E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is obtained by the above equation 3.
For each of the suppression temporary operation patterns, the energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated and the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated are substituted into the formula 2 as described above. Thus, the predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained, and the largest one of the obtained predicted energy reduction amounts P is set as the predicted energy reduction amount P in the second operation cycle.

  Then, the value obtained by adding the predicted energy reduction amount P of the first operation cycle obtained as described above and the predicted energy reduction amount P of the second operation cycle is the number of operation cycles constituting the operation form determination target period. A predicted energy reduction amount per one operation cycle divided by 2 is obtained as a predicted energy reduction amount P in the suppression continuous operation mode.

The predicted energy reduction amount P in the intermittent operation mode is obtained as follows.
For each of all the temporary operation patterns stored in the memory 34, the fuel cell 1 was operated on the assumption that the main operation was performed to follow the predicted power load in the operation time zone set in each temporary operation pattern. When the fuel cell 1 is in operation at the start of the operation mode determination target period, the energy consumption amount E2 is determined by the calculation formula for non-consumption at start-up / consumption at stop when the fuel cell 1 is in operation. When the fuel cell 1 is stopped at the start of the target period, it is obtained by the calculation formula for both energy consumption during start-up / stop of the above equation 5.
Based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, the energy consumption E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is obtained by the equation (3).
For each of the temporary operation patterns, by substituting the energy consumption amount E1 when the fuel cell 1 is not operated and the energy consumption amount E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated as described above into the above equation 2, The predicted energy reduction amount P is obtained, and the largest of the obtained predicted energy reduction amounts P is set as the predicted energy reduction amount in the daily intermittent operation mode.

In addition, for each of all the temporary operation patterns stored in the memory 34, the predicted energy reduction amount P obtained for each of the temporary operation patterns is supplemented by the sum of the predicted use heat amount (n) in the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle. The predicted energy reduction amount per driving cycle was obtained by dividing the value obtained by adding the energy consumption when supplemented with the heat generated by the vessel 28 by 2 which is the number of driving cycles constituting the driving mode determination target period. The largest one of the predicted energy reduction amounts is set as the predicted energy reduction amount P in the intermittent operation mode every two days.
Then, the larger one of the predicted energy reduction amount P in the daily intermittent operation mode and the predicted energy reduction amount P in the 2-day intermittent operation mode is obtained as the predicted energy reduction amount P in the intermittent operation mode.

As the intermittent operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount P in the daily intermittent operation mode and the predicted energy reduction amount P in the 2-day intermittent operation mode obtained as described above are used as the predicted energy in the daily intermittent operation mode. When the reduction amount P is larger, the operation time zone set in the daily intermittent operation mode is set as the operation time zone of the intermittent operation mode, while the predicted energy reduction amount P in the 2-day intermittent operation mode is set. When is larger, the operation time zone set in the intermittent operation mode every two days is determined as the operation time zone of the intermittent operation mode.
That is, as the intermittent operation mode, the one with the larger predicted energy reduction amount P is set between the daily intermittent operation mode and the 2-day intermittent operation mode.

  Then, the operation control unit 5 is based on the predicted energy reduction amount in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode obtained as described above. According to the selection condition, the predicted energy reduction amount in the load following continuous operation mode, the predicted energy reduction amount in the suppression continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction amount in the intermittent operation mode is the largest. The operation mode of the fuel cell 1 is determined as the corresponding operation mode.

In the third embodiment, the entire control operation in the operation mode setting process is described using the flowchart shown in FIG. 6 in the first embodiment, except that the operation time zone setting process in step # 10 is omitted. Since the control operation is the same as that described above, the description using the flowchart is omitted.
Incidentally, in the third embodiment, as described above, the operation time zone in the intermittent operation mode includes the predicted energy reduction amount P in the daily intermittent operation mode and the predicted energy reduction amount P in the 2-day intermittent operation mode. Of these, the operating hours are set in the mode with the larger energy reduction amount.

[Fourth Embodiment]
Hereinafter, although 4th Embodiment which is embodiment of this invention is described, this 4th embodiment is the operation merit calculation process, the predicted energy reduction amount in the continuous operation mode, and the predicted energy reduction in the intermittent operation mode. Another embodiment of the selection condition for determining the operation mode of the fuel cell 1 based on the quantity as one of the continuous operation mode and the intermittent operation mode is shown, and accordingly, the data management process is performed first. Unlike the embodiment, it further differs from the first embodiment in that the operation time zone setting process executed in the first embodiment is not executed.

That is, since the data management process and the driving merit calculation process are the same as those in the third embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
The selection conditions are the same as those in the second embodiment.

Also in the fourth embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the operation cycle is set to one day, the operation mode determination target period is constituted by two continuous operation cycles, and the operation merit is as follows: The amount of energy reduction by operating the fuel cell 1 is used.
Further, similarly to the first embodiment, the operation control unit 5 updates the operation mode determination target period configured by a plurality of operation cycles for each start time of the operation cycle, and for each start time of the operation cycle. The operation mode setting process is executed.

In the fourth embodiment, the entire control operation in the operation mode setting process is described using the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 in the second embodiment, except that the operation time zone setting process in step # 32 is omitted. Since the control operation is the same as that described above, the description using the flowchart is omitted.
Incidentally, in the fourth embodiment, the operation time zone in the intermittent operation mode is the predicted energy reduction amount P in the daily intermittent operation mode and the predicted energy reduction in the 2-day intermittent operation mode, as in the third embodiment. The amount P is determined in the operation time zone set in the mode with the larger energy reduction amount.

[Another embodiment]
Next, another embodiment will be described.
(A) When the operation mode determination target period is configured with a plurality of operation cycles, the number of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period is not limited to the two illustrated in the above embodiments. There may be three or more .
For example, when configuring the operation mode determination period at three operating cycles, the intermittent operation mode, in addition to 1 day for each intermittent operation mode described in the above embodiments, the prediction power of the first operation cycle 2-day intermittent operation mode in which the operation time zone is determined within the first operation cycle and the first operation so that the operation merit obtained based on the load and the predicted heat load and the predicted heat load of the second operation cycle is the highest. Intermittent operation every 3 days to determine the operation time zone within the first operation cycle so that the operation merit obtained based on the predicted power load and predicted heat load of the cycle and the predicted heat load of the second and third operation cycles is the highest Mode is included.
In this case, for each of all the temporary operation patterns stored in the memory 34, the predicted energy reduction amount P calculated for each of the temporary operation patterns is calculated by adding the total predicted use heat amount (n) in the second operation cycle of the auxiliary heater 28. Dividing the value of energy consumption when supplemented with generated heat by 2 divides the value by 2 to obtain the predicted energy reduction amount per operation cycle, and the largest of the calculated predicted energy reduction amounts is in the intermittent operation mode every 2 days. As the predicted energy reduction amount P.
Further, for each of all the temporary operation patterns stored in the memory 34, the predicted energy reduction amount P obtained for each of the temporary operation patterns is calculated by adding the total of the predicted use heat amount (n) in the second and third operation cycles to the auxiliary heater. Dividing the value of energy consumption when supplemented with 28 generated heat by 3 divides the value by 3 to obtain the predicted energy reduction amount per operation cycle, and intermittently operates the largest of the calculated predicted energy reduction amounts every 3 days It calculates | requires as the estimated energy reduction amount P at the time of a mode.

(B) In each of the above embodiments, the operation time zone of the intermittent operation mode is illustrated as being set only once within the operation mode determination target period, but it is set multiple times within the operation mode determination target period. Also good.

(C) In each of the above-described embodiments, when each of the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit is determined by deciding whether or not to consume the energy consumption at the time of stoppage, the energy consumption at the time of stoppage is taken into consideration. However, both the continuous operation merit and the intermittent operation merit may be obtained without considering the stop energy consumption, assuming that the stop energy consumption is not consumed.

(D) When obtaining the intermittent operation merit, the energy consumption E2 when the fuel cell 1 is operated may be obtained in a state including standby power consumed when the cogeneration system is put on standby.

In the third and fourth embodiments of the (e) above reporting, when obtaining the continuous operation benefits, the fuel cell 1 does not consume the energy consumption during startup when is in operation at the start of the operation mode judging period However, you may comprise so that it may obtain | require in the form which consumes the energy consumption at the time of temporary starting set as a value smaller than the said energy consumption at the time of starting.
Similarly, in each of the above-described third and fourth embodiments, in obtaining the intermittent operation merit when assuming the time zone following the start time of the driving mode determination target period as the driving time zone, the driving mode determination target period When the fuel cell 1 is in operation at the start time, it is configured so as to be calculated in such a manner that energy consumption at startup is not consumed. However, when the fuel cell 1 is in operation at the start time of the operation mode determination target period, For example, the temporary startup energy consumption may be set to a value close to 0, for example. Set.

In the third and fourth embodiments of the (f) above SL, the operation time zone corresponding to the operation benefits obtained as the intermittent operation benefits, if configured to determine the operating time period of the intermittent operation mode However, the start point of the operation time zone corresponding to the operation merit obtained as the intermittent operation merit may be determined as the operation start timing in the intermittent operation mode.
Also in the above-described another embodiment, for example, a predicted amount of stored hot water that is predicted to be stored in the hot water tank 2 by operating the fuel cell 1 over the operation time period is obtained, and the fuel cell is determined at the operation start timing. After 1 starts power generation, the fuel cell 1 is stopped when the actual amount of stored hot water in the hot water tank 2 reaches the predicted amount of stored hot water.

(G) The driving merit is not limited to the energy saving such as the predicted energy reduction amount exemplified in each of the above embodiments. For example, the economics such as the predicted energy cost reduction amount and the predicted carbon dioxide reduction Environmental properties such as quantity may be used.
Incidentally, the predicted energy cost reduction amount can be obtained by subtracting the energy cost when the fuel cell 1 is operated from the energy cost when the fuel cell 1 is not operated.
The energy cost when the fuel cell 1 is not operated includes the cost when purchasing all of the predicted power load from the commercial power source 7 and the energy cost when supplying the predicted heat load with the auxiliary heater 28 (fuel cost). ).
On the other hand, the energy cost when the fuel cell 1 is operated is estimated as the energy cost (fuel cost) of the fuel cell 1 when the predicted power load and the predicted heat load are supplemented with the predicted generated power and the predicted generated heat of the fuel cell 1. Auxiliary heaters for the cost of purchasing power from the commercial power supply 7 corresponding to the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted generated power from the power load, and the short heat load corresponding to the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted heat usage from the predicted heat load It is obtained as the sum of the energy cost (fuel cost) when supplementing with the generated heat of 28.

The predicted carbon dioxide reduction amount can be obtained by subtracting the carbon dioxide generation amount when the fuel cell 1 is operated from the carbon dioxide generation amount when the fuel cell 1 is not operated.
The amount of carbon dioxide generated when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is the amount of carbon dioxide generated when all of the predicted power load is purchased from the commercial power source 7 and when the predicted heat load is covered by the auxiliary heater 28. Calculated as the sum of carbon dioxide generation.
On the other hand, the amount of carbon dioxide generated when the fuel cell 1 is operated is the amount of carbon dioxide generated from the fuel cell 1 when the predicted power load and the predicted heat load are supplemented with the predicted generated power and the predicted generated heat of the fuel cell 1, and The amount of carbon dioxide generated when power is purchased from the commercial power source 7 corresponding to the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted power generation from the predicted power load, and the amount of heat shortage corresponding to the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted heat usage from the predicted heat load Is calculated as the sum of the amount of carbon dioxide generated when the heat generated by the auxiliary heater 28 is supplemented.

(H) In determining the operation merit, the energy consumption, etc. when the fuel cell 1 is not operated is covered by all the predicted power load with the received power from the commercial power source 7 and all the predicted heat load is the auxiliary heater 28. You may comprise so that it may obtain | require with a general water heater different from.

(L) In each of the above embodiments, the case where the heat consuming terminal 3 is provided is illustrated, and the heat load is a combination of the hot water supply heat load and the terminal heat load, but the heat consuming terminal 3 is not provided. In this case, the heat load is only the hot water supply heat load. Further, when the temperature of the heat medium required in the heat consuming terminal 3 is higher than the temperature of the cooling water from which the heat generated from the fuel cell 1 is recovered, the heat consuming terminal 3 is provided with the heat Use only hot water supply heat load.

(Nu) As an intermittent operation merit when assuming a time zone when the driving merit is high as the driving time zone, in each of the above embodiments, the driving merit when the time zone when the driving merit is the highest is the driving time zone However, there are various conditions for increasing the driving merit, such as a configuration in which the driving merit is determined when the driving time zone is the second or third time when the driving merit is highest. It can be changed.

(L) In each of the above embodiments, when the fuel cell 1 is operated, the case where the main operation is executed corresponding to the current power load is illustrated. However, when the fuel cell 1 is operated, the fuel cell 1 is operated. You may comprise so that the rated operation which sets the output of 1 to a fixed output may be performed.

(V) Although the fuel cell 1 is applied in each of the above-described embodiments as a combined heat and power supply device, in addition to this, for example, various devices such as a configuration in which a generator is driven by a gas engine may be applied. Can do.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cogeneration apparatus 2 Hot water tank 4 Hot water storage means 5 Operation control means

Claims (5)

A combined heat and power device that generates electric power and heat, a hot water storage device that stores hot water in a hot water storage tank using heat generated by the combined heat and power device, and an operation control device that controls operation, are provided.
The operation control means, at the start of the operation mode determination target period,
Based on the time-series predicted power load, the time-series predicted heat load, the energy consumed by the operation of the cogeneration device, and the energy consumption at the time of starting the cogeneration device,
Merits of continuous operation when it is assumed that the heat and power combined device is continuously operated in all time zones of the operation mode determination target period, and the heat and power combined device using a part of the operation mode determination target period as the operation time zone In the case of assuming intermittent operation, seek the intermittent operation merit when assuming the operation time period as the time period when the operation merit is high,
Based on the obtained continuous operation merit and intermittent operation merit, a cogeneration system configured to determine the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply device as either a continuous operation mode or an intermittent operation mode,
The operation control means is
The operation mode determination target period is divided into each of a plurality of operation cycles, and is configured to manage the predicted power load and the predicted heat load, and
The continuous operation merit when assuming that the combined heat and power supply device is operated continuously is the first operation cycle of the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period at the start of the operation mode determination target period. When the combined heat and power unit is in operation, the start-up energy consumption is not consumed, or the temporary start-up energy consumption set as a value smaller than the start-up energy consumption is consumed, and the combined heat and power unit is stopped. In some cases, the startup energy consumption is consumed, and the startup energy consumption is not consumed for the second and subsequent operation cycles of the plurality of operation cycles constituting the operation mode determination target period. form, seeking operation benefits for a plurality of operating cycles constituting the operation mode judging period, the plurality Cogeneration system configured to determine a sum of the operating benefits of the respective operation cycle in the form of dividing the number of operating cycles that constitute the driving mode judging period. The operation control means is
The operation merit when assuming the time zone following the start time of the operation mode determination target period as the operation time zone, the energy consumption at startup when the combined heat and power device is operating at the start time of the operation mode determination target period. The time period during which the driving merit is high is calculated in such a manner that the consumption energy at the time of temporary startup is consumed and the energy consumption at the time of startup is consumed when the combined heat and power supply device is stopped. The cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to obtain an intermittent operation merit when assumed as a belt. The operation control means is
In the form of setting one operation time zone in the first operation cycle, the first operation cycle has a higher operation merit obtained based on the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle. Based on the operation merit for the determined operation time period, the predicted power load and the predicted heat load of the first operation cycle, and the predicted heat load of the operation cycle subsequent to the first operation cycle of the plurality of operation cycles Assuming that the driving merit of the higher driving merit for the driving time zone determined in the first driving cycle is the driving time zone when the driving merit is higher It is configured to be calculated as a merit for intermittent operation, and
The operation time zone corresponding to the operation merit obtained as the intermittent operation merit is set as the operation time zone of the intermittent operation mode, or the start point of the operation time zone corresponding to the operation merit obtained as the intermittent operation merit is the intermittent operation mode The cogeneration system according to claim 2, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to be determined as an operation start timing.   The said operation control means is comprised so that the driving | running | working mode determination object period comprised by a several driving cycle may be updated for every starting time of a driving cycle. Cogeneration system.   The operation control means manages the standby merit when assuming that the combined heat and power supply device is stopped and waits for the operation in all time periods of the operation mode determination target period, and the standby merit managed and the continuous The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the operation mode of the combined heat and power supply device is defined as one of a standby mode, the continuous operation mode, and the intermittent operation mode based on an operation merit and the intermittent operation merit. The cogeneration system according to item 1.

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