JP5502445B2 - Rough terrain vehicle - Google Patents

Description

A differential mechanism which permits the differential of left and right axles, and switching means for switching between an unlocked state and the locked state of the differential, differential equipment having a casing, a housing the differential mechanism The present invention relates to an all-terrain vehicle equipped with a vehicle.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been known a rear-wheel differential device that includes a rear-wheel differential mechanism that allows a differential between left and right rear-wheel axles. Some rear wheel differentials are configured to switch between the differential unlocked state and the locked state using a dog-tooth type locking mechanism. For example, there is a technique described in Patent Document 1.

  FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a conventional rear wheel differential device 10 showing a rear wheel differential mechanism. The rear wheel differential device 10 houses a rear wheel differential mechanism inside a casing 11. In the rear wheel differential mechanism, the differential between the left and right rear wheel axles 18 and 19 is unlocked (allowed). When the differential is unlocked, the rotational speeds of the rear wheel axles 18 and 19 and the differential gear box 12 change according to the load applied to the left and right rear wheels.

  The rear wheel differential device 10 includes a dog-tooth type locking mechanism for switching between a differential unlocked state and a locked state. The lock mechanism includes an engaged sleeve portion 24 and a shift sleeve 20. Here, the engaged sleeve portion 24 is a part of the differential gear box 12. The shift sleeve 20 is provided on the axis of the right rear wheel axle 18 by spline fitting. The shift sleeve 20 is movable along the right rear wheel axle 18. For this reason, when the shift sleeve 20 is engaged with the engaged sleeve portion 24, the differential is locked. Further, when the shift sleeve 20 is disengaged from the engaged sleeve portion 24, the differential is unlocked.

  The operation mechanism of the shift sleeve 20 is configured as follows. First, a shift shaft 233, an input lever 231 and an output lever 32 are provided inside the casing 11. An input lever 231 and an output lever 32 are fixed to both ends of the shift shaft 233. The pin 32 a of the output lever 32 is always engaged with the groove 20 b of the shift sleeve 20. For this reason, when the input lever 231 rotates, the shift sleeve 20 moves along the right rear wheel axle 18.

  FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a part of a conventional rear wheel differential 10. In FIG. 6, the input lever 231 is disposed outside the casing 11. One end of the cable 201 is connected to the input lever 231.

  FIG. 7 is an exploded view showing the structure of a conventional operation mechanism. The operation mechanism is disposed in the driver's seat. A rotation shaft 202 is provided in the driver seat. The rotating shaft 202 is provided with a unitary body including an operation lever (operation unit) 28 and an arm 203 so as to be freely rotatable. At the tip of the arm 203, a connecting member 204 is rotatably provided. A connector 204 is connected to the end of the cable 201 via the spring 34. Further, a knob 29 for holding with a finger is fixed to the tip of the operation lever 28.

  The operation lever 28 is provided so as to pass through the U-shaped guide groove 205. A lock command position A1 and an unlock command position A2 are provided at both end positions of the U-shape. For this reason, the operation lever 28 rotates within the range from the lower lock command position A1 to the upper unlock command position A2, and stops at the lock command position A1 and the unlock command position A2. Here, the lock command means commanding the differential lock, and the unlock command means commanding the differential unlock.

  When the driver moves the operation lever 28 from the lock command position A1 to the unlock command position A2 (FIG. 7), the cable 201 is pushed out via the spring 34. As a result, the output lever 32 rotates and the shift sleeve 20 moves from the lock position P1 to the unlock position P2 (FIG. 5). On the other hand, when the driver moves the operation lever 28 from the unlock command position A2 to the lock command position A1 (FIG. 7), the cable 201 is pulled through the spring 34. As a result, the output lever 32 rotates and the shift sleeve 20 moves from the unlock position P2 to the lock position P1 (FIG. 5).

  The shift sleeve 20 and the engaged sleeve portion 24 constitute a dog-tooth type locking mechanism. For this reason, the shift sleeve 20 and the engaged sleeve portion 24 may not be engaged at the timing when the operation lever 28 is operated to the lock command position A1.

  Therefore, a spring 34 is provided between the operation lever 28 and the shift sleeve 20. When the shift sleeve 20 cannot engage with the engaged sleeve portion 24 and the shift sleeve 20 cannot follow the movement of the operation lever 28, the spring 34 extends. As a result, the spring 34 continues to pull the cable 201 until the shift sleeve 20 is engaged with the engaged sleeve portion 24, and urges the shift sleeve 20 toward the lock position P1. In this way, the switching standby mechanism is constituted by the spring 34.

JP 2003-82610 A

  Conventionally, the switching standby mechanism constituted by the spring 34 has been provided on the operation lever 28 side. For this reason, the components of the differential device 10 for the rear wheel are separated into the casing 11 and the periphery of the operation lever 28 that is separated from the casing 11. As a result, unitization of the rear wheel differential device 10 provided with the switching standby mechanism has been hindered.

  It is an object of the present invention to unitize a rear wheel differential device having a switching standby mechanism in a rear wheel differential device.

The rough terrain vehicle of the present invention is a driving including a pair of left and right front wheels, a pair of left and right rear wheels, a cabin frame between the front wheels and the rear wheels, and including the operation unit. In a rough terrain four-wheeled vehicle provided with a cabin for storing an operation unit and a seat, and a differential device for allowing a differential between the pair of rear wheels, the differential device includes a left and right axle. A differential mechanism that allows a differential; and a switching means that includes an engaging member and an engaged member for switching between an unlocked state that allows the differential and a locked state that prohibits the differential. An operation portion for operating switching of the switching means, a casing for housing the differential mechanism, and the engaged member and the engagement member are engaged when a switching operation is performed by the operation portion. Applying a biasing force and / or said engaged A switching standby mechanism that applies a biasing force so as to release the engagement between the material and the engagement member, the switching standby mechanism is supported by the casing, and the switching standby mechanism is An input lever that is linked to the operation unit, an output lever that is linked to the engaging member, a shift shaft that rotatably supports the input lever and the output lever, and the input lever and the output lever are connected to each other. The switching standby mechanism further includes an actuator for rotating the input lever in the forward and reverse directions around the shift shaft in accordance with the switching operation of the operation unit, actuator is supported to said casing, said and output shaft of the actuator is connected to the input lever, the switching換待machine mechanism, is housed in the casing The shift shaft is provided perpendicular to the left and right axles, the elastic member is a spring, and both end portions of the spring are respectively formed with holes formed in the central portion of the input lever. The actuator is locked in a hole formed in the center of the output lever, a pin is fixed to the output shaft of the actuator, and a roller is rotatably provided on the outside of the pin. The axial position of the pin is eccentric with respect to the axial position of the output shaft of the actuator, and when the output shaft of the actuator rotates, the roller moves circularly around the axial position. The input lever is formed with a guide groove, the roller is inserted into the guide groove, and a groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the engagement member. Inside A plate-like engagement piece is inserted, and a rotation shaft is rotatably provided at the tip of the output lever. The engagement piece is fixed to the rotation shaft, and the output When the lever rotates around the shift shaft, the engaging member pushed by the engaging piece moves along the right axle .

According to the rough terrain vehicle of the present invention, the unitization of the differential device provided with the switching standby mechanism is realized. Therefore, the versatility of the differential device is improved. In addition, the degree of freedom of body layout is increasing.

Further , according to the rough terrain vehicle of the present invention , the switching standby mechanism can easily provide two different urging forces for engagement and disengagement.

Moreover, according to the rough terrain vehicle of the present invention, the differential device can be unitized by including the switching standby mechanism and the actuator. In addition, it is possible to reduce losses on the wiring of operation cables and the like.

Further , according to the rough terrain vehicle of the present invention, durability against mud and rust is increased.

It is a side view of the rough terrain four-wheeled vehicle provided with the differential for rear wheels of this embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the differential apparatus for rear wheels which shows the differential mechanism for rear wheels. It is the figure which looked at the switching standby mechanism from the axial direction of the right rear wheel axle. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a main part (switching standby mechanism) of FIG. 2. It is sectional drawing of the conventional differential apparatus for rear wheels which shows the differential mechanism for rear wheels. It is a top view which shows a part of conventional differential device for rear wheels. It is a structure exploded view which shows the structure of the conventional operating mechanism.

[Configuration of this embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a side view of an uneven terrain vehicle 1 equipped with a differential device for rear wheels of the present embodiment. In the rough terrain four-wheel vehicle 1, left and right front wheels 3, 3 are arranged at the front of the chassis 2, and left and right rear wheels 4, 4 are arranged at the rear of the chassis 2. An engine 5 is disposed at the center of the chassis 2. The power of the engine 5 is distributed from the transmission to the front front differential and the rear rear differential 10 through the front wheel drive shaft and the rear wheel drive shaft 9, respectively. A seat 6 is disposed above the engine 5. A driving operation unit 7 is disposed in front of the seat 6. The driving operation unit 7 is provided with operation means such as a handle 27 and a hand operation unit 28. A cabin frame 8 is fixed to the chassis 2. A cabin 60 is formed by the cabin frame 8 between the front wheels 3, 3 and the rear wheels 4, 4, and houses the driving operation unit 7 and the seat 6.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rear wheel differential device 10 showing the rear wheel differential mechanism. The rear wheel differential device 10 houses a rear wheel differential mechanism inside a casing 11. The rear wheel differential mechanism refers to a drive transmission mechanism from the rear wheel drive shaft 9 to the left and right rear wheel axles 18 and 19. The rear wheel differential mechanism allows a differential between the left and right rear wheel axles 18 and 19 as described below. The reduction small gear 9 a of the rear wheel drive shaft 9 meshes with the reduction large gear 21 of the differential gear box 12. Here, the differential gearbox 12 is configured by combining a reduction large gear 21, a left sleeve portion 22, a central sleeve portion 23, and an engaged sleeve portion 24. In the differential gear box 12, differential large gears 13, 14, differential small gears 15, 16 and a differential small gear shaft 17 are provided. The differential large gears 13 and 14 mesh with the differential small gears 15 and 16. The differential small gears 15 and 16 are rotatably provided on a differential small gear shaft 17 fixed to the differential gear box 12. The right differential large gear 13 is fixed to the right rear wheel axle 18, and the left differential large gear 14 is fixed to the left rear wheel axle 19.

  In the above configuration, when there is a speed difference between the inner ring and the outer ring such as when turning, the differential small gears 15 and 16 are arranged around the differential small gear shaft 17 in order to follow the road surface without slipping the tire. It rotates and a difference arises in the rotational speed of the differential gears 13 and 14 on either side. That is, the rear wheel differential device 10 transmits power to the rear wheel axles 18, 19 while absorbing the speed difference between the left and right rear wheel axles 18, 19, that is, the speed difference between the differential large gears 13, 14. On the other hand, when there is no speed difference between the left and right rear wheels 4 and 4 such as when traveling straight, the differential small gears 15 and 16 do not rotate around the differential small gear shaft 17 and the left and right differential large gears 13 and 14 are not rotated. There is no difference in the rotation speed. That is, no differential is generated between the left and right rear wheel axles 18 and 19.

  The rear wheel differential device 10 includes a dog-tooth type locking mechanism for switching between a differential unlocked state and a locked state. The lock mechanism includes an engaged sleeve portion 24 and a shift sleeve 20. The shift sleeve 20 is provided on the axis of the right rear wheel axle 18 by spline fitting. The shift sleeve 20 is movable in the axial direction of the right rear wheel axle 18 but does not rotate with respect to the right rear wheel axle 18. A large number of dog teeth 20a are formed on the shift sleeve 20, and dog teeth 24a having the same number or an integral multiple of the dog teeth 20a are also formed on the engaged sleeve portion 24. The whole dog tooth 20 a and the whole dog tooth 24 a are opposed to each other on the axis of the right rear wheel axle 18. When the shift sleeve 20 is in the lock position P1, the shift sleeve 20 is engaged with the engaged sleeve portion 24 by the engagement of the dog teeth 20a and 24a. Further, when the shift sleeve 20 is in the unlock position P <b> 2, the shift sleeve 20 does not engage with the engaged sleeve portion 24. The lock position P1 and the unlock position P2 indicate the position of the shift sleeve 20 on the axis of the right rear wheel axle 18. When the shift sleeve 20 engages with the engaged sleeve portion 24, the differential gear box 12 and the right rear wheel axle 18 rotate together. Thereby, the differential small gears 15 and 16 are fixed to the differential small gear shaft 17 so as not to rotate. For this reason, the left and right differential large gears 13 and 14 always rotate at the same speed regardless of the difference in load applied to the left and right rear wheels 4 and 4. That is, the differential is locked.

  Next, the operation mechanism of the shift sleeve 20, particularly the switching standby mechanism 30 included in the operation mechanism will be described. FIG. 3 is a view of the switching standby mechanism 30 as viewed from the axial direction of the right rear wheel axle 18. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a main part (switching standby mechanism 30) of FIG.

  In FIG. 3, the operating mechanism of the shift sleeve 20 includes a hand operating unit 28 (FIG. 1) on the driving operating unit 7, an electric actuator 50, and a switching standby mechanism 30. As the hand operation unit 28, a manual lever, a seesaw type electric switch, a push button switch, or the like is employed. The electric actuator 50 includes an electric motor 40, a speed reduction mechanism 44, and an actuator output shaft 41. It is preferable that the electric motor 40 and the speed reduction mechanism 44 are arranged so as not to be stacked from the viewpoint of reducing the height. The electric actuator 50 is driven by the operation of the hand operation unit 28, and the power of the electric actuator 50 is transmitted to the shift sleeve 20 via the switching standby mechanism 30. As a result, the shift sleeve 20 moves between the lock position P1 (FIG. 2) and the unlock position P2 (FIG. 2). Hereinafter, each part of the operation mechanism from the hand operation unit 28 to the shift sleeve 20 will be described in order.

  The hand operating section 28 and the electric actuator 50 are electrically connected. Based on the operation of the hand operating section 28, the electric motor 40 of the electric actuator 50 is driven, and the rotational power of the electric motor 40 decelerated by the speed reduction mechanism 44 causes the actuator output shaft 41 to move in the forward and reverse directions within a predetermined rotation range. Rotate.

  In FIG. 4, a pin 42 is fixed to the actuator output shaft 41. A roller 43 is rotatably provided on the outside of the pin 42. Here, the axial center position M42 of the pin 42 is eccentric with respect to the axial center position M41 of the actuator output shaft 41. For this reason, when the actuator output shaft 41 rotates, the roller 43 circularly moves around the axial center position M41. The roller 43 is connected to the input lever 31 of the switching standby mechanism 30.

  The switching standby mechanism 30 will be described with reference to FIG. The switching standby mechanism 30 includes an input lever 31, an output lever 32, a shift shaft 33, and a spring 34. An input sleeve 35 and an output sleeve 36 are rotatably provided on the shift shaft 33. An input lever 31 is fixed to the input sleeve 35, and an output lever 32 is fixed to the output sleeve 36. For this reason, the shift shaft 33 rotatably supports the input lever 31 and the output lever 32. Both ends of the spring 34 are engaged with a hole 31 a formed in the center of the input lever 31 and a hole 32 a formed in the center of the output lever 32. That is, the input lever 31 and the output lever 32 are connected by the spring 34.

  The input lever 31 is configured as follows so as to be interlocked with the operation of the hand operation unit 28. A guide groove 31b is formed in the input lever 31, and a roller 43 is inserted into the guide groove 31b. The guide groove 31 b is a long hole formed along the radial direction of the shift shaft 33. Further, the short width of the guide groove 31 b is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the roller 43. For this reason, when the roller 43 rotates around the axial center position M <b> 41 by the rotational drive of the actuator output shaft 41, the input lever 31 rotates around the shift shaft 33.

  The output lever 32 is configured as follows so as to interlock with the shift sleeve 20. A groove 20 b is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the shift sleeve 20. A plate-like engagement piece 37 is inserted into the groove 20b. On the other hand, a rotation shaft 38 is rotatably provided at the distal end portion of the output lever 32. The engagement piece 37 is fixed to the rotation shaft 38. For this reason, when the output lever 32 rotates around the shift shaft 33, the shift sleeve 20 pushed by the engagement piece 37 moves along the right rear wheel axle 18. At this time, the plate-like engagement piece 37 moves in the groove 20b, but the posture of the engagement piece 37 is maintained along the formation direction of the groove 20b.

  With the above configuration, the locking operation, that is, the transition from the unlocked state to the locked state is performed as follows. By the operation of the hand operation unit 28, the electric actuator 50 rotates the input lever 31 around the shift shaft 33 by the amount that the shift sleeve 20 moves to the lock position P1. The rotation of the input lever 31 is transmitted to the output lever 32 via the spring 34. For this reason, even when the shift sleeve 20 cannot move to the lock position P1 due to interference between the dog teeth 20a and the dog teeth 24a, the input lever 31 can rotate. At this time, since the spring 34 is contracted from the natural length, the spring 34 obtains a biasing force that biases the shift sleeve 20 toward the lock position P1. FIG. 4 shows the direction L of the urging force. As a result, the spring 34 biases the shift sleeve 20 toward the lock position P <b> 1 until the shift sleeve 20 can be engaged with the engaged sleeve portion 24.

  On the other hand, the unlock operation, that is, the transition from the locked state to the unlocked state is the reverse of the lock operation. In the unlocking operation, the electric actuator 50 rotates the input lever 31 around the shift shaft 33 by the amount that the shift sleeve 20 moves to the unlock position P2. When the dog teeth 20a and the dog teeth 24a are not disengaged, the spring 34 is extended beyond its natural length, so that the spring 34 obtains a biasing force that biases the shift sleeve 20 toward the unlock position P2. . As a result, the spring 34 biases the shift sleeve 20 toward the unlock position P2 until the dog teeth 20a and the dog teeth 24a are disengaged.

  The structure in which the input lever 31 and the output lever 32 are connected by the spring 34 is not limited to the above structure. For example, a pin is erected on each of the input lever 31 and the output lever 32, and each pin has both ends of the spring. The structure latched by each part may be sufficient.

  The connection structure between the input lever 31 and the actuator output shaft 41 is not limited to the above structure, and the same structure as the connection structure between the output lever 32 and the shift sleeve 20 may be adopted. That is, for example, a groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the input lever 31, and an engagement piece provided rotatably on a pin 42 formed on the actuator output shaft 41 is inserted into the groove. Is mentioned.

  Regarding the use of the spring biasing force, both the locking operation and the unlocking operation may employ any biasing force in the direction in which the spring is contracted or the direction in which the spring is expanded.

  In FIG. 3, the layout of the switching standby mechanism 30 and the electric actuator 50 will be described. In the casing 11, not only a rear wheel differential mechanism but also a switching standby mechanism 30 is arranged. Here, the casing 11 includes a casing main body 110, a plate-shaped lid body 111, and a plate-shaped actuator mounting portion 112. When the casing body 110 and the lid body 111 are combined, the inside of the casing body 110 is covered. A through hole 111 a is formed in the lid 111, and the actuator output shaft 41 protrudes into the casing body 110 through the through hole 111 a. The actuator mounting portion 112 is fixed to the outside of the casing body 110 and the lid body 111. An electric actuator 50 including an electric motor 40 and a speed reduction mechanism 44 is fixed to the actuator mounting portion 112. Both the switching standby mechanism 30 and the electric actuator 50 are supported by the casing 11. The electric actuator 50 is preferably disposed on the casing 11 in terms of antifouling.

[Effect of this embodiment]
In the rear wheel differential device 10 of the present embodiment, the switching standby mechanism 30 is supported by the casing 11. For this reason, unitization of the differential device 10 for rear wheels provided with the switching standby mechanism 30 is realized. Therefore, the versatility of the rear-wheel differential gear 10 is improved. In addition, the degree of freedom of body layout is increasing.

  The switching standby mechanism 30 includes a spring 34 that is an elastic member. The spring 34 can exert a biasing force in two directions. For this reason, the switching standby mechanism 30 can easily provide two different urging forces for engagement and disengagement.

  In the rear wheel differential device 10 of the present embodiment, the electric actuator 50 is fixed to the casing 11. For this reason, the differential device 10 for rear wheels provided with the switching standby mechanism 30 and the electric actuator 50 can be unitized. In addition, it is possible to reduce losses on the wiring of operation cables and the like.

  Further, in the rear wheel differential device 10 of the present embodiment, the switching standby mechanism 30 is accommodated in the casing 11. For this reason, the durability against mud and rust is increasing.

  The differential device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a vehicle having both a differential mechanism and a differential lock mechanism, and can be employed in a vehicle. In particular, the differential device of the present invention is preferably employed for the rear wheel of an all-terrain vehicle. In the above embodiment, the shift sleeve is arranged on the right axle of the rear wheel. However, the present invention is not limited to this arrangement. The shift sleeve may be disposed on the left axle of the rear wheel. Further, the actuator for rotating the input lever is not limited to the electric actuator 50 in the above embodiment, and an electromagnetic or hydraulic actuator can also be adopted.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Differential device for rear wheels 11 Casing 18 Right rear wheel axle 19 Left rear wheel axle 20 Shift sleeve (engaging member)
24 Engagement sleeve (engaged member)
30 Switching standby mechanism 31 Input lever 32 Output lever 33 Shift shaft 34 Spring (elastic member)
40 Electric motor 41 Actuator output shaft 50 Electric actuator 112 Actuator mounting part

Claims (1)

A pair of left and right front wheels;
A pair of left and right rear wheels;
A cabin that is formed by a cabin frame between the front wheel and the rear wheel, and that stores a driving operation unit and a seat including the operation unit, and
In the rough terrain four-wheeled vehicle provided with a differential device for allowing a differential between the pair of rear wheels,
The differential is
A differential mechanism that allows differential of the left and right axles;
Switching means comprising an engaging member and an engaged member for switching between the unlocked state allowing the differential and the locked state prohibiting the differential;
An operation unit for operating switching of the switching means;
A casing that houses the differential mechanism;
When a switching operation is performed by the operation unit, a biasing force is applied so that the engaged member and the engaging member are engaged, and / or the engaged member and the engaging member A switching standby mechanism that applies an urging force to release the engagement of
With
The switching standby mechanism is supported by the casing;
The switching standby mechanism is
An input lever linked to the operation unit;
An output lever interlocked with the engaging member;
A shift shaft that rotatably supports the input lever and the output lever, and
An elastic member connecting the input lever and the output lever;
Consists of
The switching standby mechanism further includes an actuator that rotates the input lever in the forward and reverse directions around the shift shaft in accordance with a switching operation of the operation unit.
The actuator is supported by the casing;
An output shaft of the actuator is connected to the input lever;
The switching standby mechanism is housed in the casing ;
The shift shaft is provided perpendicular to the left and right axles,
The elastic member is a spring, and both end portions of the spring are respectively locked in a hole formed in the central portion of the input lever and a hole formed in the central portion of the output lever. ,
A pin is fixed to the output shaft of the actuator, and a roller is rotatably provided on the outer side of the pin, and the axial center position of the pin is the axial center position of the output shaft of the actuator. When the output shaft of the actuator rotates, the roller moves circularly around the axial position,
A guide groove is formed in the input lever, and the roller is inserted into the guide groove,
A groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the engagement member, a plate-like engagement piece is inserted into the groove, and a rotation shaft is rotatably provided at the tip of the output lever. The engagement piece is fixed to the rotation shaft, and when the output lever rotates about the shift shaft, the engagement member pushed by the engagement piece is moved to the right axle. To move along,
Rough terrain vehicle.

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