JP5481464B2 - Communication medium and communication medium processing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a so-called IC card communication medium incorporating an IC (integrated circuit) chip having a control element such as a nonvolatile data memory and a CPU. The present invention also relates to a so-called IC card reader / writer that writes data to and reads data from such a communication medium.

  Recently, as a new portable communication medium, an IC card incorporating an IC chip having a nonvolatile data memory and a control element such as a CPU has become widespread. In this type of IC card, the control element normally accesses the data memory in accordance with command data input from the outside, and selectively inputs / outputs necessary data. In this case, the data memory is divided into a plurality of data areas, and selectively accesses the target area (see Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent No. 2856393

  The operation of a non-contact communication medium is defined by ISO / IEC144443-3 Type B. For example, a non-contact communication medium determines a communication method by exchanging an initial sequence such as a REQB / WUPB or ATTRIB command with a terminal such as an IC card reader / writer, and thereafter, a non-contact communication medium in the non-contact communication medium by a higher order command Reads and writes memory contents and executes various operations. In the processing corresponding to the REQB / WUPB and ATTRIB commands, the maximum value of communication data that can be transmitted / received at one time is determined, and data transfer within the range of the maximum value is possible. For this reason, when the data size of the transmission / reception data is larger than the maximum value of the communication data, it is necessary to divide the transmission / reception data several times and transmit / receive the divided transmission / reception data. As a result, there is a problem that the command / response processing takes time.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a communication medium and a communication medium processing apparatus capable of shortening the communication processing time.

  The communication medium and communication medium processing apparatus of the present invention are configured as follows.

  (1) A communication medium according to the present invention includes a communication unit that communicates with an external device to transmit / receive data, a storage unit that stores data transmitted / received via the communication unit, and a first operation state based on recognition. Control means for controlling transmission / reception of data with an upper limit of the data size of 1 and controlling transmission / reception of data with an upper limit of the second data size larger than the first data size based on recognition of the second operation state; It has.

  (2) A communication medium processing apparatus of the present invention controls communication means for communicating with a communication medium and transmitting and receiving data, and transmission and reception of data with an upper limit of the first data size based on recognition of the first operation state, Control means for controlling transmission / reception of data with an upper limit of the second data size larger than the first data size based on recognition of the second operation state.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a communication medium and a communication medium processing device that can shorten the communication processing time.

1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an IC card reader / writer (communication medium processing apparatus) and a non-contact type IC card (communication medium) according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the 1st example (division reception) of the command / response at the time of writing of an IC card. It is a figure which shows the 2nd example (collective reception) of the command / response at the time of writing of an IC card. It is a figure which shows the 1st example (division transmission) of the command / response at the time of reading of an IC card. It is a figure which shows the 2nd example (batch transmission) of the command / response at the time of reading of an IC card. It is the figure which compared the processing time of the 1st example (division reception) of the command / response at the time of IC card writing, and the processing time of the 2nd example (collective reception) of the command / response at the time of IC card writing. It is the figure which compared the processing time of the 1st example (division transmission) of the command / response at the time of reading of an IC card, and the processing time of the 2nd example (batch transmission) of the command / response at the time of reading of an IC card. It is a figure for demonstrating the division | segmentation writing of a large amount of data.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an IC card reader / writer (communication medium processing apparatus) and a non-contact type IC card (communication medium) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  The reader / writer 1 includes a communication unit 11, a control unit (CPU) 12, and a display unit 13. This reader / writer 1 communicates wirelessly with a non-contact type IC card 2. The communication unit 11 modulates a transmission signal and demodulates a reception signal. The control unit 12 controls the operation of each unit based on the demodulated received signal. For example, based on the control of the control unit 12, the display unit 13 displays diagnostic result information transmitted from the non-contact type IC card 2. When information for the non-contact type IC card 2 is input via an operation unit (not shown), the communication unit 11 modulates the input information into a transmission signal and transmits the transmission signal to the non-contact type IC card 2.

  The non-contact type IC card 2 includes a communication unit 21, a detection rectification circuit 22, a power supply circuit 23, a reception circuit 24, a transmission circuit 25, a control unit 26, and a storage unit 27. The detection rectification circuit 22 rectifies and outputs the signal from the reader / writer 1 received via the communication unit 21. The receiving circuit 24 arbitrarily demodulates a predetermined carrier wave of the signal from the reader / writer 1 received via the detection rectifier circuit 22 and outputs the demodulated signal to the control unit 26. The power supply circuit 23 stabilizes the rectified output from the detection rectifier circuit 22 to generate operating power, and supplies this operating power to the control unit 26 and other circuit units (not shown).

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a first example (divided reception) of a command / response when writing to an IC card. As shown in FIG. 2, the reader / writer 1 transmits a REQB command, and the non-contact IC card 2 returns ATQB in response to the REQB command. Next, the reader / writer 1 transmits an ATTRIB command, and the contactless IC card 2 returns Answer to ATTRIB in response to the ATTRIB command. The communication method between the reader / writer 1 and the non-contact IC card 2 is determined by the command / response of the initial sequence so far, and the maximum value of the data amount that can be transmitted at one time is determined.

  Next, when security is taken into consideration, authentication is performed between the reader / writer 1 and the non-contact type IC card 2, and then data to be written to the non-contact type IC card 2 is transmitted. When the amount of data to be written here is large, that is, when the amount of data to be written is larger than the maximum value of communication data, transmission / reception of commands / responses between the reader / writer 1 and the non-contact IC card 2 is repeated many times. It will be.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a second example (collective reception) of commands / responses when writing to an IC card. As shown in FIG. 3, by not defining the maximum value of data amount that can be transmitted at one time in the initial sequence, even if the amount of data to be written is large, that is, the amount of data to be written is larger than the maximum value of communication data. The command / response process for writing only needs to be performed once.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram comparing the processing time of the first example of the command / response when writing to the IC card and the processing time of the second example of the command / response when writing to the IC card. As shown in FIG. 6, in the second example of the command / response at the time of writing to the IC card, the number of commands / responses is smaller than the first example of the command / response at the time of writing to the IC card. For this reason, even if the amount of data to be written is larger than the maximum value of communication data, the time T1 can be shortened.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a first example (divided transmission) of a command / response when reading an IC card. As shown in FIG. 4, the reader / writer 1 transmits a REQB command, and the non-contact type IC card 2 returns ATQB in response to the REQB command. Next, the reader / writer 1 transmits an ATTRIB command, and the contactless IC card 2 returns Answer to ATTRIB in response to the ATTRIB command. The communication method between the reader / writer 1 and the non-contact IC card 2 is determined by the command / response of the initial sequence so far, and the maximum value of the data amount that can be transmitted at one time is determined.

  Next, when security is taken into consideration, authentication is performed between the reader / writer 1 and the non-contact type IC card 2, and then a Read command for reading the data of the non-contact type IC card 2 from the reader / writer 1 is transmitted. Is done. When the amount of data to be read is large, that is, when the amount of data to be read is larger than the maximum value of the communication data, transmission / reception of commands / responses is repeated between the reader / writer 1 and the non-contact IC card 2 many times. It will be.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second example (batch transmission) of commands / responses when reading an IC card. As shown in FIG. 5, by not defining the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted at one time in the initial sequence, even if the amount of data to be read is large, that is, the amount of data to be read is larger than the maximum value of communication data. The command / response process for reading only needs to be performed once.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram comparing the processing time of the first example of the command / response when reading the IC card and the processing time of the second example of the command / response when reading the IC card. As shown in FIG. 7, in the second example of the command / response at the time of reading the IC card, the number of commands / responses is reduced compared to the first example of the command / response at the time of reading the IC card. For this reason, even if the amount of read data is larger than the maximum value of communication data, the time T2 can be shortened.

  Here, a case where a large amount of data is divided and written on the storage unit 27 will be described with reference to FIG. The storage unit 27 includes a plurality of storage areas, for example, storage areas A, B, C, D,. In the first example of the command / response when writing to the IC card, when the storage area to be used is different, for example, when the storage areas A and C are used, the command / response is divided and transmitted, and the storage area A , C is written with data. On the other hand, in the second example of the command / response when writing to the IC card, storage areas A and C to be written in advance are designated, and all data is transmitted from the reader / writer 1 to the non-contact type IC card 2 at once. All the data received at once is divided and written in the designated storage areas A and C. Thereby, the time can be shortened.

  The same applies to reading. That is, in the second example of the command / response at the time of reading the IC card, the divided and written data are integrated inside the card and transmitted to the reader / writer 1 at a time. As a result, the number of commands / responses can be reduced, and the time can be shortened.

  Next, batch writing for writing a large amount of data at a time (see FIG. 3), batch reading for reading a large amount of data at a time (see FIG. 5), divided writing for writing a large amount of data in a divided manner (see FIG. 2), and Switching of divided reading (see FIG. 4) for reading a large amount of data in a divided manner will be described.

  The control unit 26 of the non-contact type IC card 2 limits the first data size (maximum value of communication data defined by ISO / IEC144443-3 Type B) based on the recognition of the first operation state (in operation). Data transmission / reception, and data transmission / reception up to a second data size larger than the first data size based on recognition of the second operation state (during non-operational operation, for example, when an IC card is issued) To control. The reception circuit 24 of the non-contact type IC card 2 includes a buffer that temporarily stores reception data to be written to the storage unit 27. Similarly, the transmission circuit 25 of the non-contact type IC card 2 includes a buffer from the storage unit 27. A buffer is provided for temporarily storing the read transmission data. The second data size described above is the upper limit data size that can be buffered by these buffers.

  Similarly, the control unit 12 of the reader / writer 1 also sets an upper limit on the first data size (the maximum value of communication data defined by ISO / IEC144443-3 Type B) based on recognition of the first operation state (in operation). Data transmission / reception, and data transmission / reception up to a second data size larger than the first data size based on recognition of the second operation state (during non-operational operation, for example, when an IC card is issued) To control.

  In non-contact communication, it is conceivable that transmission errors frequently occur when a large amount of data is transmitted at one time, but this can be dealt with by adding an error correction code to the data. In addition, transmission / reception of a large amount of data is often performed in an area where normal communication can be stably performed. For example, the card holder and positioning are clear even in non-contact communication, or the reader / writer 1 and the non-contact type IC card 2 maintain an area where communication can be stabilized by initialization / issuance. can give.

  In this embodiment, ISO / IEC 14443 Type B is taken as an example, but the present invention can be utilized even when other communication protocols are used.

  The data writing and reading methods described above will be summarized below.

  1. Conventionally, the amount of data that can be transmitted and received once is determined by the initial sequence command / response, etc., and if the amount of data used for communication is larger than the determined amount of data, it is necessary to divide and transmit the data many times. there were. In the present invention, the amount of data that can be transmitted and received once is not defined depending on the environment and the operating state, and communication is performed by one transmission and reception even when the amount of data is large.

2. A large amount of data transmitted from the reader / writer 1 can be sequentially written in a predetermined storage area of the storage unit 27 of the non-contact type IC card 2.
3. A large amount of data to be written to the non-contact type IC card 2 transmitted from the reader / writer 1 can be divided and written in different predetermined storage areas.

  4). The reader / writer 1 can read a large amount of data from a predetermined storage area in the non-contact type IC card 2 by one communication.

  5. The reader / writer 1 can read a large amount of data from a plurality of predetermined and divided storage areas in the non-contact type IC card 2 by one communication.

  6). The non-contact type IC card 2 transmits and receives a large amount of data in a batch or divided manner according to the environment and the operating state.

  As described above, the non-contact type IC card 2 does not require additional information such as a memory address when reading and writing a large amount of data, and the command / response process is simplified, so that the processing time is shortened. In addition, by switching between batch and split, for example, batch writing can be performed at the time of issuance, command / response messages can be exchanged at a specified length in the operation mode, and the issuance time in accordance with the standard can be shortened. Become.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, the embodiments may be appropriately combined as much as possible, and in that case, the combined effect can be obtained. Further, the above embodiments include inventions at various stages, and various inventions can be extracted by appropriately combining a plurality of disclosed constituent elements. For example, even if some constituent requirements are deleted from all the constituent requirements shown in the embodiment, the problem described in the column of the problem to be solved by the invention can be solved, and the effect described in the column of the effect of the invention Can be obtained as an invention.
Hereinafter, the invention described in the scope of claims at the beginning of the application of the present application will be added.
(1)
A communication means for communicating with an external device and transmitting / receiving data;
Storage means for storing data transmitted and received via the communication means;
Based on the recognition of the first operation state, data transmission / reception with the first data size as an upper limit is controlled, and based on the recognition of the second operation state, the second data size larger than the first data size is set as the upper limit. Control means for controlling transmission and reception of the received data;
A communication medium comprising:
(2)
The control means controls transmission / reception of data up to the first data size based on recognition during operation operation, and transmits / receives data up to the second data size based on recognition during non-operation operation The communication medium according to (1), wherein the communication medium is controlled.
(3)
The control means controls transmission / reception of data up to the first data size based on recognition during operation operation, and transmits / receives data up to the second data size based on recognition during issue operation. The communication medium according to (1), wherein the communication medium is controlled.
(4)
A buffer for temporarily storing data to be read from the storage unit and transmitted by the communication unit, or to temporarily store data to be received by the communication unit and written to the storage unit;
The first data size is a predetermined data size defined in a communication standard,
The second data size is an upper limit data size that can be buffered by the buffer.
(1) The communication medium according to (1).
(5)
The storage means includes a plurality of storage areas,
The control unit divides the data received via the communication unit based on the recognition of the second operation state into a predetermined size and writes the data into a predetermined number of the storage areas. Communication medium.
(6)
The storage means includes a plurality of storage areas,
The communication medium according to (1), wherein the control unit divides and reads data to be transmitted via the communication unit from a predetermined number of storage areas based on recognition of the second operation state.
(7)
A communication means for communicating with a communication medium and transmitting / receiving data;
Based on recognition of the first operation state, data transmission / reception with the first data size as an upper limit is controlled, and based on recognition of the second operation state, a second data size larger than the first data size is set as an upper limit Control means for controlling transmission and reception of the received data;
A communication medium processing apparatus comprising:
(8)
The control means controls transmission / reception of data up to the first data size based on recognition during operation operation, and transmits / receives data up to the second data size based on recognition during non-operation operation The communication medium processing device according to (7), wherein the communication medium processing device is controlled.
(9)
The control means controls transmission / reception of data up to the first data size based on recognition during operation operation, and transmits / receives data up to the second data size based on recognition during issue operation. The communication medium processing device according to (7), wherein the communication medium processing device is controlled.
(10)
The first data size is a predetermined data size defined in a communication standard,
The second data size is an upper limit data size that can be buffered by a data transmission / reception buffer of the communication medium.
(7) The communication medium processing device according to (7).

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Reader / writer, 2 ... IC card, 11 ... Communication part, 12 ... Control part, 13 ... Display part, 21 ... Communication part, 22 ... Detection rectification circuit, 23 ... Power supply circuit, 24 ... Reception circuit, 25 ... Transmission circuit , 26 ... control unit, 27 ... storage unit

Claims (10)

A communication means for contactless communication with an external device to transmit and receive data;
Storage means for storing data transmitted and received via the communication means;
A buffer that temporarily reads data to be read from the storage means and transmitted by the communication means, and temporarily stores data to be received by the communication means and written to the storage means;
Control transmission / reception of data with an upper limit of the first data size based on recognition during operation operation, larger than the first data size based on recognition during issue operation capable of stable communication with the external device, by the buffer Control means for controlling transmission / reception of data up to a second data size that is an upper limit data size that can be buffered;
With
The control means determines a communication method with the external device in an initialization sequence, determines the first data size as an upper limit based on recognition during the operation operation, and sets the first data size as an upper limit. Each time data is transmitted / received, command reception and response transmission are repeated, and a communication method with the external device is determined in an initialization sequence, and the second data size is limited based on recognition during the issuing operation. And each time data transmission / reception with the second data size as an upper limit is repeated, command reception and response transmission are repeated,
The storage means includes a plurality of storage areas,
The control means, when using the first and second storage areas of the plurality of storage areas, the divided data divided with the first data size as an upper limit based on the recognition during the operation operation, Communication that writes to the first and second storage areas, divides the data received via the communication means based on recognition during the issuing operation, and writes the divided data to the first and second storage areas Medium.   2. The communication medium according to claim 1, wherein the control unit reads data to be transmitted via the communication unit from the first and second storage areas based on recognition during the issuing operation.   The communication medium according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls transmission / reception of data to which a data error correction code having a second data size larger than the first data size as an upper limit is added. The first data size is a predetermined data size defined in a communication standard,
The communication medium according to claim 1, wherein the second data size is an upper limit data size that can be buffered by the buffer. A communication means for contactless communication with an external device to transmit and receive data;
Storage means for storing data transmitted and received via the communication means;
A buffer that temporarily reads data to be read from the storage means and transmitted by the communication means, and temporarily stores data to be received by the communication means and written to the storage means;
Control transmission / reception of data with an upper limit of the first data size based on recognition during operation operation, larger than the first data size based on recognition during issue operation capable of stable communication with the external device, by the buffer Control means for controlling transmission / reception of data up to a second data size that is an upper limit data size that can be buffered;
With
The control means determines a communication method with the external device in an initialization sequence, determines the first data size as an upper limit based on recognition during the operation operation, and sets the first data size as an upper limit. Each time data is transmitted / received, command reception and response transmission are repeated, and a communication method with the external device is determined in an initialization sequence, and the second data size is limited based on recognition during the issuing operation. And each time data transmission / reception with the second data size as an upper limit is repeated, command reception and response transmission are repeated,
The storage means includes a plurality of storage areas,
The control means, when using the first and second storage areas of the plurality of storage areas, the divided data divided with the first data size as an upper limit based on the recognition during the operation operation, An IC for writing to the first and second storage areas, dividing the data received via the communication means based on recognition during the issuing operation, and writing the divided divided data to the first and second storage areas card.   The IC card according to claim 5, wherein the control unit reads data to be transmitted via the communication unit from the first and second storage areas based on recognition during the issuing operation.   6. The IC card according to claim 5, wherein the control means controls transmission / reception of data to which a data error correction code having a second data size larger than the first data size as an upper limit is added. The first data size is a predetermined data size defined in a communication standard,
6. The IC card according to claim 5, wherein the second data size is an upper limit data size that can be buffered by the buffer. A communication means for non-contact communication with a communication medium to transmit and receive data;
Controls data transmission / reception with an upper limit of the first data size based on recognition during operation operation, and is larger than the first data size based on recognition during issuance operation capable of stable communication with the communication medium, the communication medium Control means for controlling transmission / reception of data with an upper limit of the second data size that is an upper limit data size that can be buffered by the buffer;
With
The control means determines a communication method with the communication medium in an initialization sequence, determines the first data size as an upper limit based on recognition during the operation operation, and sets the first data size as an upper limit. Each time data transmission / reception is performed, command transmission and response reception are repeated, a communication method with the communication medium is determined in an initialization sequence, and the second data size is limited based on recognition during the issuing operation. A communication medium processing apparatus that repeats transmission of a command and reception of a response every time data is transmitted / received with the second data size as an upper limit . The first data size is a predetermined data size defined in a communication standard,
The second data size is an upper limit data size that can be buffered by a data transmission / reception buffer of the communication medium.
The communication medium processing apparatus according to claim 9.

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