JP5478127B2 - Plunge capsule and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is planet (eg Earth and Mars) rush capsule Le is enter the atmosphere, and relates to manufacturing method of it.

  When the rush capsule enters the planet's atmosphere, the atmosphere (air) has a velocity relative to the rush capsule. At this speed, the atmosphere collides with the rush capsule, so that the kinetic energy of the atmosphere is converted into heat energy and the temperature rises. Accordingly, the atmosphere is heated to heat the outer surface of the rush capsule. This is called a so-called aerodynamic heating phenomenon.

  For this purpose, the rush capsule is provided with a heat protection system. The thermal protection system protects the internal payload and electrical components from the aerodynamic heating phenomenon when the rush capsule is flying at high speed in the atmosphere.

  As a thermal protection system, it is common to use a carbonized ablator. The carbonized ablator is obtained by reinforcing a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin with a laminated carbon fiber cloth (that is, carbon fiber cloth). When this carbonized ablator is heated, a strong carbonized layer is formed by the thermal decomposition reaction of the resin. Since the carbonized layer is substantially made of carbon, the heat resistant temperature is high and the radiation heat radiation capability is excellent. On the other hand, the gas generated by the thermal decomposition reaction may cause delamination of the laminated carbon fiber cloth due to its pressure. This is because carbon fiber provides fluid resistance.

  In order to solve the problem of delamination, in Patent Document 1 below, a slit for degassing is formed in a carbon fiber cloth to be laminated.

JP 2000-289700 A

  However, when a large number of gas venting slits are formed in the laminated carbon fiber cloth, the strength may be reduced accordingly. Therefore, it is desired to solve the problem of delamination in the laminated carbon fiber cloth without forming a slit for venting.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a rush capsule capable of preventing delamination of laminated carbon fiber cloths and improving heat insulation properties without forming a gas vent slit. . Another object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method of the entry capsule.

To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a rush capsule for rushing into the planet's atmosphere,
A top formed by a fiber-reinforced composite material ;
An outer laminated portion located on the outer peripheral side of the crown , and
The fiber reinforced composite material is
A fiber cloth laminated in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the top of the head;
A fiber thread having a thermal conductivity lower than the thermal conductivity of the fiber cloth and penetrating the fiber cloth of a plurality of layers;
The fabric and that is filled between the fibers of the fiber yarn, have a, a resin integrated with the fabric and the fiber yarn,
The fiber cloth is formed of pitch-based continuous yarns,
The fiber yarn is a pitch-based yarn lower than the thermal conductivity of the fiber cloth,
The outer laminated portion has a fiber cloth for an outer laminated portion that extends and laminates in a direction intersecting at an acute angle with the outer surface of the rush capsule in a direction from the axis of the rush capsule toward the outer peripheral side,
The ridge capsule is characterized in that the top portion and the outer laminated portion are separately molded and then joined to each other .

In the rush capsule of the present invention, since the fiber cloth is laminated in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the top of the head, the heat insulation can be improved. That is, since the thermal conductivity of the fiber cloth is higher than the thermal conductivity of the resin, the heat is more in the direction along the fiber cloth than in the lamination direction of the fiber cloth (direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the top of the head). Easy to disperse and communicate. Thereby, the heat insulation of a head top part increases.
Moreover, in the rush capsule of this invention, even if it laminates | stacks a fiber cloth in the direction perpendicular | vertical to the outer surface of the said top part, delamination of a fiber cloth can be prevented. That is, conventionally, when a fiber cloth is laminated in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the top of the head, the fiber cloth becomes a fluid resistance. Therefore, the delamination of the fiber cloth is caused by the pyrolysis gas pressure between the layers of the fiber cloth. Prone to occur. On the other hand, in the present invention, since the fiber yarn penetrates the plurality of layers of the fiber cloth, the pyrolysis gas generated from the resin easily passes between the fiber cloth layers along the fiber yarn. Delamination of the fiber cloth due to the pressure of the pyrolysis gas can be prevented.

With this configuration, the heat resistance of the rush capsule can be maintained high as follows.
Heat is easily transmitted along the outer surface of the top of the head by setting the thermal conductivity of the fiber cloth extending in the direction along the outer surface of the top of the head to be higher than the thermal conductivity of the fiber yarn. Therefore, it is possible to prevent local occurrence of a high-temperature portion on the outer surface of the top of the head, so that the heat resistance of the rush capsule can be maintained high.
Furthermore, by making the thermal conductivity of the fiber yarn lower than the thermal conductivity of the fiber cloth, it becomes difficult for heat to be transmitted in the thickness direction of the rush capsule (direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the top of the head). Therefore, in the rush capsule, the range in the thickness direction in which the resin is thermally decomposed can be suppressed. From this viewpoint, the heat resistance of the rush capsule can be maintained high.

To achieve the another object, according to the present invention, there is provided a manufacturing method of entry capsule,
The top part formed by the fiber reinforced composite material and the outer laminated part located on the outer peripheral side of the top part are joined to each other after being separately molded,
The method for manufacturing the top of the head includes a fiber structure forming step of forming a fiber structure as a prototype of the top of the head with a fiber reinforced composite material,
An impregnation step of impregnating the fiber structure with resin,
The fiber structure forming step includes
A laminating step of laminating a fiber cloth formed of pitch-based continuous yarns in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the top of the head;
A yarn placement step of thermal conductivity than the thermal conductivity of the fabric so as to penetrate through the fabric of the plurality of layers is disposed a fiber yarn is a yarn of low pitch system, possess,
The outer laminated portion is formed by laminating the fiber fabric for the outer laminated portion in a direction crossing at an acute angle with the outer surface of the rush capsule in a direction from the axis of the rush capsule toward the outer peripheral side. , manufacturing method of entry capsule, characterized in that there is provided.

In the manufacturing method of the rush capsule of this invention, since a fiber cloth is laminated | stacked on the direction perpendicular | vertical to the outer surface of the said top part in a lamination | stacking step, heat insulation can be improved as mentioned above.
Further, since the fiber yarn is arranged so as to penetrate through the plurality of layers of the fiber cloth in the yarn arrangement step, as described above, the pyrolysis gas generated from the resin passes between the fiber cloth layers along the fiber yarn. This makes it easier to prevent delamination of the fiber cloth due to the pressure of the pyrolysis gas.

  Even if the slit for degassing is not formed at the top of the rush capsule using the fiber reinforced composite material, delamination of the laminated carbon fiber cloth can be prevented and the heat insulation can be improved.

It is sectional drawing of the rush capsule by embodiment of this invention. It is an enlarged view of the top part in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the top part of the rush capsule by embodiment of this invention.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the common part in each figure, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a bottom 20 of a rush capsule according to an embodiment of the present invention. That is, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a plane including the axis C of the rush capsule. As shown in FIG. 1, the bottom 20 of the rush capsule has a substantially spherical shape with the outer surface protruding downward. 1 does not depend on the orientation of the plane including the axis C. That is, even if it is sectional drawing of the rush capsule by any plane containing the said axis C, it becomes a structure shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the crown 10 in FIG. Hereinafter, the structure (material, arrangement, number of materials, etc.) of the rush capsule will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the top 10 (that is, the tip) of the rush capsule is located at the center of the bottom 20 and is formed of a fiber-reinforced composite material. This fiber reinforced composite material is composed of a fiber cloth 3, fiber yarn 5 and resin 7.

The fiber cloth 3 is a cross woven in the vertical and horizontal directions, and is a reinforcing material that is laminated in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface 10 a of the crown 10. Therefore, the surface of the fiber cloth 3 of each layer is in a direction along the curved outer surface 10a (in other words, a spherical shape in this example) (in other words, a circumferential direction around the axis C and an outer surface 10a orthogonal to the circumferential direction). (Direction along). That is, in the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 1 and 2, the solid line indicating the surface of the fiber cloth 3 of each layer is parallel to the broken line (curve) indicating the outer surface 10 a of the top 10.
The thermal conductivity of the fiber cloth 3 is preferably higher than the thermal conductivity of the fiber yarn 5. That is, the fiber cloth 3 should have a high thermal conductivity. For example, since a continuous yarn having a high elastic modulus generally has a high thermal conductivity, the fiber cloth 3 is formed of a PAN-based or pitch-based continuous yarn having a high elastic modulus (that is, a high thermal conductivity). Is. As described above, the fiber cloth 3 has a high thermal conductivity, so that the combustion gas heat is easily transmitted along the outer surface 10a of the crown 10, and the temperature of the outer surface 10a of the crown 10 becomes high. Is prevented from occurring locally. Therefore, for example, even if the heating rate is distributed on the outer surface 10a due to turbulence or the like, the heat load can be leveled.

The fiber yarn 5 penetrates the multiple layers of fiber cloth 3. In the present embodiment, a large number of fiber yarns 5 are arranged at an appropriate density (preferably densely) over the entire top 10 (that is, a fiber-reinforced composite material). Each fiber yarn 5 extends in the perpendicular direction so as to penetrate through a plurality of layers of fiber cloth 3. Preferably, one end of each fiber yarn 5 is at the position of the fiber cloth 3 of the lowermost layer (the lowermost layer in FIGS. 1 and 2), or the front side of the entry capsule with respect to the fiber cloth 3 ( The lower end of each fiber yarn 5 is located at the position of the uppermost layer (uppermost layer in FIGS. 1 and 2) of the fiber cloth 3, or the fiber cloth 3 It is in the position of the back side (upper side of Drawing 1) of the rush capsule. Preferably, the fiber yarn 5 extends linearly or substantially linearly in the perpendicular direction.
The thermal conductivity of the fiber yarn 5 is preferably lower than the thermal conductivity of the fiber cloth 3. That is, the fiber yarn 5 should have a low thermal conductivity. For example, the fiber yarn 5 having a low thermal conductivity is pitch-based XN-05. Thus, since the fiber yarn 5 has a low thermal conductivity, it becomes difficult for heat to be transferred in the vertical direction, so in the vertical direction (that is, the thickness direction of the top 10), the combustion gas heat The range in which the resin 7 is thermally decomposed is reduced.

  The resin 7 is integrated with the fiber cloth 3 and the fiber yarn 5 by being filled between the fibers of the fiber cloth 3 and the fiber yarn 5. As will be described later, since the resin 7 is impregnated into a preform (fiber structure) formed of the fiber cloth 3 and the fiber yarn 5, the viscosity of the resin 7 when impregnating the preform (that is, before curing). Is low enough to impregnate the entire interior of the preform. As such a low viscosity resin 7, for example, a furan resin can be used. 1 and 2, the broken line indicates the surface of the resin 7, and the surface of the lower resin 7 is also the outer surface 10 a of the top 10.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing the crown 10 formed of the fiber-reinforced composite material having the above-described structure. The manufacturing method of the rush capsule by embodiment of this invention has fiber structure formation step S1 and impregnation step S2.

In the fiber structure forming step S1, a fiber structure (preform) that is a prototype of the top 10 is formed of a fiber reinforced composite material. The fiber structure forming step S1 includes a lamination step S11 and a yarn placement step S12.
In the lamination step S11, for example, the fiber cloth 3 is laminated in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface 10a of the top 10. Specifically, a mold of the crown 10 having an outer surface aligned with the outer surface 10a of the crown 10 is prepared, and a plurality of fiber cloths 3 are laminated on the outer surface of the mold. Thereby, the fiber cloth 3 can be laminated in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface 10a of the crown 10.
In the yarn arranging step S12, the fiber yarn 5 is arranged so as to penetrate the plurality of layers of the fiber cloth 3. That is, the fiber yarn 5 is arranged in a state in which the fiber yarn 5 penetrates the plurality of layers of the fiber cloth 3 in the perpendicular direction. Specifically, a large number of fiber yarns 5 are arranged at a predetermined density in a state of penetrating a plurality of layers of fiber fabrics 3 in the perpendicular direction.

  In the impregnation step S2, the fiber structure is impregnated with the resin 7 and cured. For example, the impregnation step S2 is performed by LCM (Liquid Composite Molding) such as RTM. That is, in the LCM, the fiber structure (preform) formed in the fiber structure forming step S1 is sealed with a vacuum bag, the vacuum bag is evacuated, and in this state, the resin 7 is allowed to flow into the vacuum bag. The structure 7 is impregnated, and the resin 7 impregnated in the fiber structure is cured by heating. Thereby, the crown 10 is manufactured.

  In addition, the material, arrangement | positioning, number, etc. of the fiber cloth 3, the fiber yarn 5, and the resin 7 used with the manufacturing method shown in FIG. 3 may be the same as what was mentioned above with reference to FIG.

  According to the embodiment of the present invention described above, the following effects (1) to (7) are obtained.

(1) Since the fiber cloth 3 is laminated | stacked in the direction perpendicular | vertical to the outer surface 10a of the top part 10, the heat insulation can be improved. That is, since the thermal conductivity of the fiber cloth 3 is higher than the thermal conductivity of the fiber yarn 5, the heat is higher than that of the fiber cloth 3 in the stacking direction (the direction perpendicular to the outer surface 10 a of the top 10). It becomes easy to disperse and transmit in the direction along 3. Thereby, the heat insulation of the crown part 10 increases.

(2) Even if the fiber cloth 3 is laminated in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface 10 a of the top 10, delamination of the fiber cloth 3 can be prevented. That is, conventionally, when the fiber cloth 3 is laminated in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface 10a of the crown 10, the fiber cloth 3 becomes fluid resistance, and therefore the fiber pressure is increased by the gas pressure between the layers of the fiber cloth 3. While the fabric 3 is likely to be delaminated, in the above-described embodiment, the fiber yarn 5 penetrates the plurality of layers of the fiber fabric 3, so that pyrolysis gas generated from the resin 7 flows along the fiber yarn 5. It becomes easy to pass between the layers of the fiber cloth 3, thereby preventing delamination of the fiber cloth 3 due to the pressure of the pyrolysis gas.

(3) By making the thermal conductivity of the fiber cloth 3 extending in the direction along the outer surface 10 a of the top 10 higher than the thermal conductivity of the fiber yarn 5, along the outer surface 10 a of the top 10. Heat is easily transmitted. Therefore, since it can prevent that the location which becomes high in the outer surface 10a of the top part 10 generate | occur | produces locally, the heat resistance of a rush capsule can be maintained highly.
Furthermore, by making the thermal conductivity of the fiber yarn 5 lower than the thermal conductivity of the fiber cloth 3, it becomes difficult for heat to be transmitted in the thickness direction of the rush capsule (the direction perpendicular to the outer surface 10a of the top 10). Therefore, in the rush capsule, the range in the thickness direction in which the resin 7 is thermally decomposed can be suppressed. From this viewpoint, the heat resistance of the rush capsule can be maintained high.

(4) Since the surface of the fiber cloth 3 extends along the outer surface 10a of the crown 10, the amount of mechanical wear of the crown 10 due to high-temperature outside air flowing at high speed along the outer surface 10a is reduced. Can do.

(5) Furthermore, since the fiber yarn 5 is disposed so as to penetrate the laminated fiber cloth 3, the strength of the crown 10 in the lamination direction of the fiber cloth 3 is increased by the fiber yarn 5.

(6) In this embodiment, since the low-viscosity resin 7 is used as the resin 7 to be impregnated into the preform that is the prototype of the top 10, the entire interior of the preform can be sufficiently impregnated.

(7) Since the preform is impregnated with the resin 7 by LCM, a pressure curing process such as an autoclave, which is expensive to manufacture, becomes unnecessary.

  The bottom 20 of the rush capsule includes an outer laminated portion 9 on the outer peripheral side of the top 10. The outer laminated portion 9 is formed by laminating fiber fabrics 8 extending in a direction intersecting the outer surface of the bottom portion 20 at an acute angle θ (see FIG. 1) in a direction from the axis C toward the outer peripheral side. The outer laminated portion 9 is, for example,. A fiber cloth 8 impregnated with a thermosetting resin is laminated and then subjected to a curing treatment after pressurization and heating to form CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic). Further, the outer laminated portion 9 is molded separately from the top portion 10, and then, for example, a hardening treatment (that is, the resin on the joint surface between the outer laminated portion 9 and the top portion 10 is melted by heating and then cured) May be joined. An inner space 11 is formed by the outer laminated portion 9 and the crown portion 10, and the mounted device is accommodated in the inner space 11. Also. As shown in FIG. 1, the heat insulating material 13 is provided so as to contact the top surface 10 and the inner side surfaces of the outer laminated portion 9.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

3 fiber cloth, 5 fiber yarn, 7 resin, 9 outer laminated part,
10 top of the rush capsule, 10a outer surface of the top of the capsule,
11 Internal space, 13 Thermal insulation, 20 Bottom of rush capsule

Claims (2)

A rush capsule that plunges into the planet's atmosphere,
A top formed by a fiber-reinforced composite material ;
An outer laminated portion located on the outer peripheral side of the crown , and
The fiber reinforced composite material is
A fiber cloth laminated in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the top of the head;
A fiber thread having a thermal conductivity lower than the thermal conductivity of the fiber cloth and penetrating the fiber cloth of a plurality of layers;
The fabric and that is filled between the fibers of the fiber yarn, have a, a resin integrated with the fabric and the fiber yarn,
The fiber cloth is formed of pitch-based continuous yarns,
The fiber yarn is a pitch-based yarn lower than the thermal conductivity of the fiber cloth,
The outer laminated portion has a fiber cloth for an outer laminated portion that extends and laminates in a direction intersecting at an acute angle with the outer surface of the rush capsule in a direction from the axis of the rush capsule toward the outer peripheral side,
The top capsule and the outer laminated part are formed separately, and then joined to each other . A manufacturing method of entry capsule,
The top part formed by the fiber reinforced composite material and the outer laminated part located on the outer peripheral side of the top part are joined to each other after being separately molded,
The method for manufacturing the top of the head includes a fiber structure forming step of forming a fiber structure as a prototype of the top of the head with a fiber reinforced composite material,
An impregnation step of impregnating the fiber structure with resin,
The fiber structure forming step includes
A laminating step of laminating a fiber cloth formed of pitch-based continuous yarns in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the top of the head;
A yarn placement step of thermal conductivity than the thermal conductivity of the fabric so as to penetrate through the fabric of the plurality of layers is disposed a fiber yarn is a yarn of low pitch system, possess,
The outer laminated portion is formed by laminating the fiber fabric for the outer laminated portion in a direction crossing at an acute angle with the outer surface of the rush capsule in a direction from the axis of the rush capsule toward the outer peripheral side. , manufacturing method of entry capsule, characterized in that.

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