JP5463475B2 - Reaction apparatus, reaction method and catalyst unit - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a reaction apparatus, a reaction method, and a catalyst unit, and relates to a technique used for efficiently mixing and reacting fluids.

  For example, a methanol synthesis reactor, which is a heterogeneous exothermic reaction, reacts by mixing fluids in a reaction apparatus or reactor. In the reactor, the raw material gas is reacted with a catalyst. In order to reduce the amount of catalyst filled in the reactor, the catalyst layer is divided into several parts so that the reaction rate in each catalyst layer is increased. The bed inlet gas is cooled and the concentration of reaction products in the inlet gas is reduced. Specifically, by mixing a raw material gas having a low temperature with the outlet gas of each catalyst layer that has become high temperature due to an exothermic reaction, the temperature of the outlet gas and the concentration of methanol as a reaction product are lowered to the downstream. The catalyst layer is supplied. Thereby, since the reaction rate and reaction rate in each catalyst layer can be increased, the total amount of catalyst charged in the reactor can be reduced.

  Patent Document 1 is an example of such a mixing device and a reactor, in which gas streams at different temperatures are mixed and reacted inside a heterogeneous exothermic synthesis reactor. A mixing device is arranged inside the reactor, and the mixing device is a high-temperature gas from an annular space formed by a partition wall arranged in parallel below the bottom of the catalyst bed with respect to the side wall of the reactor supporting the catalyst layer. The cooling gas flow supplied from the annular perforated supply unit disposed at the lower part of the partition wall is mixed with the flow under a predetermined condition. Thereby, gas streams having different temperatures can be optimally mixed to improve the conversion rate in the reactor.

  However, in the mixing device, since the cooling gas flow is locally injected into the high-temperature gas flow through the perforated supply unit arranged in the annular space, the gas mixing is insufficient around the perforated part. In addition, a predetermined space is further required to sufficiently mix the gas as a whole. Therefore, although the mixing effect is raised by arranging a deflector, the mixing effect is still limited. In addition, when the operation is performed by reducing the flow rate of the gas supplied to the reactor and reducing the load on the reactor, the flow rate of the cooling gas flow supplied from the hole of the perforated supply unit is reduced. There is a problem that the mixing effect is further reduced. Further, the perforated supply section for supplying the cooling gas flow is disposed in the annular space, and there is a problem that it becomes difficult to manufacture the annular space as the reactor becomes larger.

  Also, Patent Document 2 is an example of a reactor having an internal mixing mechanism, in which hydrogen-rich gas and air are mixed by a stirring and mixing hole. However, the mixing effect is still limited for the same reason as described above. .

  Patent Document 3 is an example of a reaction vessel including a metal monolith consisting of a plurality of cells and a catalyst substance attached to the inner wall of each cell, which penetrates in the longitudinal direction of the reaction vessel in a cylindrical reaction vessel. is there. The reaction vessel provides a reaction vessel having a stirring structure capable of rapidly raising the gas in contact with the catalyst to the reaction temperature and increasing the contact frequency between the catalyst and the gas passing through the inside.

  However, in the reaction vessel, the gas flows linearly in the longitudinal direction inside the cell, so that the fluid mixing effect is small. Therefore, when the cell density is reduced, the reaction efficiency and the selectivity of the reaction are not necessarily increased due to insufficient mixing of the fluid reacted on the inner wall of the cell and the unreacted fluid at the center of the cell. On the contrary, when the cell density is increased, the reaction vessel weight increases and the cost also increases.

Japanese National Patent Publication No. 9-509611 JP 2003-165708 A JP 2008-247727 A

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a reaction apparatus, a reaction method, and a catalyst unit capable of efficiently mixing and reacting fluids.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following reaction apparatus, reaction method, and catalyst unit.
(1) Reactor One configuration of the reactor according to the present invention is as follows.
A reaction device for reacting a fluid inside a container having an inlet and an outlet,
At least two or more catalyst layers are disposed inside the container, and a mixer for mixing one or more fluids is disposed between at least one catalyst layer,
The mixer includes a laminated body in which a plurality of laminated elements are laminated, and a first plate and a second plate that are arranged to face each other with the laminated body interposed therebetween,
The laminated element has a plurality of first through holes,
The first plate has an outer shape smaller than the container inner shape,
The second plate has an outer shape that is substantially the same as the inner shape of the container, an outer surface is substantially inscribed with the inner surface of the container, and communicates with at least one first through hole of the laminated element. Having a through-hole,
The laminated body is arranged so that a part or all of the first through holes partially overlap with the first through holes of the adjacent laminated elements and the first through holes of the adjacent laminated elements are overlapped . It is arrange | positioned so that a fluid may be communicated with the through-hole of 1 so that a flow is possible in the extending direction of a lamination | stacking element (1st technical means).

  According to this reactor, a mixer is arranged between any one of the two or more catalyst layers in the reactor, and the fluid from the upstream catalyst layer is combined with one or more other fluids. It is supplied to a mixer disposed between the catalyst layers. The fluid supplied to the mixer flows into the laminated body from the first through hole of the laminated element communicating with the through hole of the second plate via the through hole of the second plate forming the mixer. . And it mixes, distribute | circulating through the 1st through-hole connected inside a laminated body, flows out of a mixer, and is supplied to a downstream catalyst layer.

At both ends in the stacking direction of the stacked body forming the mixer, the first through hole of the stacking element is closed in the stacking direction by the first plate and the second plate. Therefore, the fluid that has flowed into the laminated body is guided so as to flow through the communicating first through hole in the direction in which the laminated element extends.
When flowing, the fluid flows out from the first through hole to the other first through hole communicating in the stacking direction, or vice versa, from the other first through hole communicating in the stacking direction. By flowing into the through-hole, the inflow and outflow are repeatedly mixed in the first through-hole communicating.

  Contrary to the above, when the fluid inside the laminated body flows out from the through hole of the second plate, the fluid flows into the laminated body from the first through hole of the laminated element that opens in the space around the laminated body. To do. Then, the first through hole communicating with the inside of the laminated body is mixed while flowing in the extending direction of the laminated element, and flows out from the through hole of the second plate communicating with the first through hole at the end of the laminated body. And supplied to the downstream catalyst layer.

As described above, the fluid flows in a complicated manner inside the mixer and is highly mixed and supplied to the downstream catalyst layer, so that the reaction rate of the fluid in the catalyst layer is increased.
Also, by increasing the number of laminated elements that form the mixer, the cross-sectional area in the direction in which the laminated elements through which the fluid flows increases, so that more fluids can be mixed and reacted. Can do.
The direction in which the laminated elements extend here refers to a direction perpendicular to the laminated direction of the laminated elements.

  In this configuration, since the first plate has an outer shape smaller than the inner shape of the container, the fluid can surely flow out or inflow from the space around the laminated body. Moreover, since the outer side surface of the second plate is substantially inscribed with the inner side surface of the container, the fluid can surely flow into or out of the laminated body from the through hole of the second plate.

The configuration of the reaction apparatus according to another aspect of the present invention is as follows:
In the reaction apparatus according to the first technical means,
The plurality of laminated elements, the first plate, and the second plate are fixed so as to be disassembled (second technical means).

  According to this structure, since each laminated element, the first plate, and the second plate can be disassembled, assembly inside the reaction apparatus is easy. Moreover, even when a residue or a foreign substance accumulates in the 1st through-hole of a lamination | stacking element, the removal is easy. Moreover, a mixer can be installed inside a container having a small inlet and outlet.

The configuration of the reaction apparatus according to another aspect of the present invention is as follows:
In the reaction apparatus according to any one of the first and second technical means,
The laminated element has a second through hole larger than the first through hole, and the second through hole communicates in a laminating direction so as to form a hollow portion in the laminated body. And
The through hole of the second plate is disposed so as to communicate with at least one first through hole of the laminated element through the hollow portion (third technical means).

  According to this structure, the fluid which flowed in from the through-hole of the 2nd board which forms a mixer flows in into the hollow part of a mixer. In the hollow portion, the flow resistance when the fluid flows is small. On the other hand, the flow resistance when the fluid flows through the laminated body in the direction in which the laminated element extends is larger than the flow resistance when flowing through the hollow portion. As described above, when the fluid flows into the laminated body through the first through hole communicating with the hollow portion, the fluid flows in the direction in which the laminated elements extend substantially evenly regardless of the position in the laminated direction.

Contrary to the above, when the fluid inside the laminated body flows out from the through hole of the second plate, the fluid flows into the laminated body from the first through hole of the laminated element that opens in the space around the laminated body. To do. Then, the fluid flows substantially evenly in the stack in the direction in which the stack elements extend, regardless of the position in the stack direction, and flows out from the first through hole communicating with the hollow portion.
In addition, a hollow part here means the hollow space part formed by laminating | stacking the 2nd through-hole of a lamination | stacking element.

(2) Reaction method The reaction method according to the present invention comprises:
A fluid reaction method using a reaction apparatus according to any one of the first to third technical means,
The fluid from the catalyst layer arranged upstream of the mixer and one or more other fluids are caused to flow into the mixer, and the first through-hole is circulated in the extending direction of the laminated element. , To the outside of the mixer, and to flow into a catalyst layer disposed downstream of the mixer (fourth technical means).

According to this reaction method, the fluid from the upstream catalyst layer flows into a mixer disposed between the catalyst layers together with one or more other fluids. Inside the mixer, inflow and outflow are repeated while flowing through the first through-hole communicating with the inside of the laminated body in the extending direction of the laminated element, so that the fluid flows in a complicated manner and highly mixed. As described above, since the fluid is supplied to the downstream catalyst layer in a highly mixed state, the reaction rate of the fluid in the catalyst layer is increased.
Also, by increasing the number of laminated elements that form the mixer, the cross-sectional area in the direction in which the laminated elements through which the fluid flows increases, so that more fluids can be mixed and reacted. Can do.

(3) Catalyst unit One configuration of the catalyst unit according to the present invention is as follows.
A catalyst unit,
A catalyst body in which a plurality of catalyst elements are stacked, and a first plate and a second plate disposed to face each other with the catalyst body interposed therebetween,
The catalyst element has a plurality of first through holes,
The second plate has a through hole communicating with at least one first through hole of the catalyst element;
The catalyst element is arranged such that a part or all of the first through hole partially overlaps the first through hole of the adjacent catalyst element while shifting its position, and the first of the adjacent catalyst elements It is arrange | positioned so that a fluid may be connected to the through-hole of 1 so that a flow is possible in the direction where a catalyst element extends (5th technical means).

  According to this catalyst unit, the fluid that has flowed from the through hole of the second plate that forms the catalyst unit flows into the inside of the catalyst body from the first through hole of the catalyst element that communicates with the through hole of the second plate. . And it mixes and reacts, distribute | circulating through the 1st through-hole which connects inside a catalyst body, and flows out from a catalyst unit.

At both ends in the stacking direction of the catalyst bodies forming the catalyst unit, the first through hole of the catalyst element is closed in the stacking direction by the first plate and the second plate. Therefore, the fluid that has flowed into the catalyst body is guided so as to flow through the communicating first through hole in the extending direction of the catalyst element.
When flowing, the fluid flows out from the first through hole to the other first through hole communicating in the stacking direction, or vice versa, from the other first through hole communicating in the stacking direction. The inflow and outflow are repeated and mixed and reacted in the first through-hole communicating with each other by flowing into the through-hole.

  Contrary to the above, when the fluid inside the catalyst body flows out from the through hole of the second plate, the fluid flows into the catalyst body from the first through hole of the catalyst element that opens in the space around the catalyst body. To do. Then, the through hole of the second plate communicating with the first through hole at the end of the catalyst body reacts while flowing through and mixing with the first through hole communicating with the inside of the catalyst body in the extending direction of the catalyst element. Spill from.

As described above, the fluid flows in a complicated manner inside the catalyst unit and is highly mixed, so that the reaction rate of the fluid by the catalyst unit is increased.
In addition, by increasing the number of stacked catalyst elements that form the catalyst unit, the cross-sectional area in the direction in which the fluidized catalyst elements extend increases, so that more fluids can be mixed and reacted. Can do.
Here, the direction in which the catalyst elements extend refers to a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the catalyst elements.

The configuration of the catalyst unit according to another aspect of the present invention is as follows:
In the catalyst unit according to the fifth technical means,
The plurality of catalyst elements, the first plate, and the second plate are fixed so as to be disassembled (sixth technical means).

  According to this configuration, each catalyst element, the first plate, and the second plate can be disassembled, so that assembly inside the reaction apparatus is easy. Moreover, since each catalyst element, the 1st board, and the 2nd board can be decomposed | disassembled, a catalyst unit can be installed in the container which has a small inlet_port | entrance and an exit.

The configuration of the catalyst unit according to another aspect of the present invention is as follows:
In the catalyst unit according to any one of the fifth and sixth technical means,
The catalyst element has a second through hole larger than the first through hole, and the second through hole communicates in a stacking direction so as to form a hollow portion in the catalyst body. And
The through hole of the second plate is disposed so as to communicate with at least one first through hole of the catalyst element through the hollow portion (seventh technical means).

  According to this structure, the fluid which flowed in from the through-hole of the 2nd board which forms a catalyst unit flows in into the hollow part of a catalyst body. In the hollow portion, the flow resistance when the fluid flows is small. On the other hand, the flow resistance when the fluid flows through the inside of the catalyst body in the extending direction of the catalyst element is larger than the flow resistance when flowing through the hollow portion. As described above, when the fluid flows into the catalyst body through the first through hole communicating with the hollow portion, the fluid flows in a direction in which the catalyst elements extend substantially evenly regardless of the position in the stacking direction.

Contrary to the above, when the fluid inside the catalyst body flows out from the through hole of the second plate, the fluid flows into the catalyst body from the first through hole of the catalyst element that opens in the space around the catalyst body. To do. Then, the fluid flows substantially uniformly in the catalyst body in the extending direction of the catalyst elements regardless of the position in the stacking direction, and flows out from the first through hole communicating with the hollow portion.
In addition, a hollow part here means the hollow space part formed by laminating | stacking the 2nd through-hole of a catalyst element.

(4) Reaction apparatus The structure of the reaction apparatus according to another aspect of the present invention is as follows.
A reaction apparatus comprising a catalyst unit according to any one of the fifth to seventh technical means, and a container having an inlet and an outlet for accommodating the catalyst unit,
The first plate in the catalyst unit has an outer shape smaller than the container inner shape,
The second plate in the catalyst unit has an outer shape substantially the same as the inner shape of the container, and the outer surface of the second plate is substantially inscribed with the inner surface of the container (eighth). Technical means).

  According to this configuration, the fluid flowing in from the container inlet contacts the first through hole of the catalyst element that communicates with the through hole of the second plate via the through hole of the second plate forming the catalyst unit. It flows into the medium. Then, while flowing through the first through hole communicating with the inside of the catalyst body in the direction in which the catalyst element extends, they are mixed and reacted to flow out of the catalyst body, and further flow out of the container outlet.

  Contrary to the above, when the fluid inside the catalyst body flows out from the through hole of the second plate, the fluid flows into the catalyst body from the first through hole of the catalyst element that opens in the space around the catalyst body. To do. Then, while flowing through the first through hole communicating with the inside of the catalyst body in the direction in which the catalyst element extends, the catalyst is mixed and reacted to flow out of the catalyst body, and communicates with the first through hole at the end of the catalyst body. It flows out from the through hole of the second plate and further flows out from the container outlet.

  In this configuration, since the first plate has an outer shape smaller than the inner shape of the container, the fluid can surely flow out or flow in from the space around the catalyst body. Further, since the outer side surface of the second plate is substantially inscribed with the inner side surface of the container, the fluid can surely flow into or out of the catalyst body from the through hole of the second plate.

  As described above, the fluid flows in a complicated manner inside the catalyst unit and is highly mixed and reacted, so that the reaction rate by the reaction apparatus is increased.

(5) Reaction method The reaction method according to another aspect of the present invention includes:
A fluid reaction method using a catalyst unit according to any one of the fifth to seventh technical means,
A fluid is caused to flow into the catalyst unit, and the first through hole is circulated in a direction in which the catalyst element extends to flow out of the catalyst unit (ninth technical means).

According to this reaction method, the fluid that has flowed into the catalyst unit flows into the catalyst body that forms the catalyst unit, and flows and flows through the first through hole that communicates with the inside of the catalyst body in the direction in which the catalyst element extends. Since the outflow is repeated, the fluid flows in a complicated manner and the mixing effect becomes higher, so that the reaction rate of the fluid by the catalyst unit is increased.
In addition, by increasing the number of stacked catalyst elements that form the catalyst unit, the cross-sectional area in the direction in which the fluidized catalyst elements extend increases, so that more fluids can be mixed and reacted. Can do.

  As described above, according to the reaction apparatus and the reaction method of the present invention, the fluid flows through the first through-hole communicating with the inside of the laminate forming the mixer. The reaction rate in the catalyst layer can be increased. Further, by increasing the number of stacked layers, it is possible to satisfactorily mix and react a fluid having a larger flow rate.

  Furthermore, according to the catalyst unit according to the present invention, and the reaction apparatus and reaction method using the catalyst unit, the fluid flows through the first through-hole communicating with the inside of the catalyst unit. The effect is increased and the reaction rate can be increased. Further, by increasing the number of stacked catalyst elements forming the catalyst unit, it is possible to satisfactorily mix and react a fluid having a larger flow rate.

It is sectional drawing which showed a mode that the fluid flowed through the inside of the reaction apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of a reaction apparatus. It is sectional drawing which showed a mode that the fluid flows through the inside of the mixer in Embodiment 1 of a reaction apparatus. It is the perspective view which showed the component of the mixer in Embodiment 1 of a reactor. It is the top view which showed the overlap of the lamination element in Embodiment 1 of the reaction apparatus. It is the perspective view which showed the component of the mixer at the time of applying the modification 1 of the lamination | stacking element in Embodiment 1 of a reactor. It is the top view which showed the overlap of the lamination element at the time of applying the modification 1 of the lamination element in Embodiment 1 of the reaction apparatus. It is the perspective view which showed the modification of the 1st through-hole in the lamination element by the modification 2 of a lamination element. It is the perspective view which showed the example at the time of making the lamination | stacking element by the modification 3 of a lamination | stacking element into an exploded structure. It is sectional drawing which showed a mode that the fluid flows through the inside of the reaction apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of a reaction apparatus. It is sectional drawing which showed a mode that the fluid flows through the inside of the reaction apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3 of a reaction apparatus. It is sectional drawing which showed a mode that the fluid flowed through the inside of the reaction apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4 of a reaction apparatus. It is the perspective view which showed the catalyst element in Embodiment 4 of a reactor.

(Embodiment 1 of reactor)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a fluid A flows inside a reaction apparatus 5A according to Embodiment 1, and FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show that the fluid flows inside a mixer 1 arranged in the reaction apparatus 5A. It is sectional drawing which showed the mode. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing components of the mixer 1, and FIG. 4 shows the first through hole 22 when the laminated elements 21a and 21b forming the mixer 1 are laminated with the adjacent laminated elements 21a and 21b. It is the top view which showed the overlap.

The reaction apparatus 5A is a substantially cylindrical container 50 having an inlet 51 and an outlet 52, and catalyst layers 6a to 6d are arranged inside the reaction apparatus 5A. Mixers 1a to 1c and cooling units are provided between the catalyst layers. Gas supply nozzles 7a to 7c are arranged.
In the first embodiment, the reaction apparatus 5A can be suitably used as a methanol synthesis reactor that is a heterogeneous exothermic reaction. For example, a high-temperature raw material gas (fluid A) preheated from the inlet 51 is used. Is supplied, and low-temperature source gases (fluids B1 to B3) that are not preheated are supplied from the cooling gas supply nozzles 7a to 7c.

As shown in FIG. 3, the mixer 1 includes a laminate 2, a first plate 3, and a first plate 3 in which a plurality of (in this case, a total of 4) laminated elements 21 a and 21 b constituted by substantially circular plates are alternately laminated. 2 and is fixed to the inside of the container 50 by appropriate means such as bolts and nuts.
The first plate 3 is a circular plate and has an outer diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the laminated elements 21a and 21b. The second plate 4 is a circular plate having a circular through hole 41 into which fluids A and B flow in substantially the center, and has an outer diameter that is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the container 50.

  The laminated elements 21a and 21b are provided with a plurality of substantially rectangular first through holes 22 and have substantially the same outer diameter. A substantially circular second through hole 23 having substantially the same inner diameter is disposed in the substantially central portion of the laminated elements 21a and 21b. The inner diameter of the second through hole 23 is the same as that of the second plate 4. It is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the hole 41 and is substantially concentric. By laminating the laminated elements 21a and 21b, the second through hole 23 forms a hollow portion 24 in the mixer 1 (see FIG. 2).

  The laminated element 21a includes a frame portion 25 on the inner side and the outer side, but the laminated element 21b does not include the frame portion 25 on the inner side and the outer side, and the first through hole 22 is open at the inner side and the outer side. Has been. Accordingly, the first through holes 22 in the inner and outer portions of the laminated element 21 b communicate with the hollow portion 24 and the outer space portion 28 of the mixer 1.

  The first through holes 22 of the laminated elements 21a and 21b are arranged in a staggered manner, and the pitch in the radial direction is the same. On the other hand, the circumferential pitch increases from the inner periphery toward the outer periphery, and the number of first through holes 22 on each circumference is the same. As shown in FIG. 4, some of the plurality of first through holes 22 are displaced in the radial direction and the circumferential direction by shifting the positions of the first through holes 22 of the laminated elements 21 a and 21 b adjacent to each other. Are arranged so as to partially overlap each other, and communicate with the extending direction of the laminated elements 21a and 21b.

  The first through holes 22 of the laminated elements 21a and 21b at both ends of the laminated body 2 are closed in the laminating direction by the first plate 3 and the second plate 4 that are arranged opposite to both ends of the laminated body 2. . Further, the outer diameter of the first plate 3 is larger than the through hole 41 of the second plate 4. Therefore, the fluids A and B that have flowed into the laminated body 2 are prevented from flowing out from the first through holes 22 of the laminated elements 21a and 21b at both ends of the laminated body 2 in the laminating direction, and the laminated elements 21a and 21b Distribute securely in the extending direction.

  In the above mixers 1a to 1c, for example, in the mixer 1a, the high temperature catalyst layer outlet gas A1 flowing from the inlet 51 of the reaction device 5A and passing through the first catalyst layer 6a by an appropriate pumping means is used as a cooling gas nozzle. Together with the cooling gas B1 supplied from 7a, it flows into the hollow portion 24a via the through hole 41 of the second plate 4. Next, the catalyst layer outlet gas A1 and the cooling gas B1 flow into the stacked body 2 from the first through hole 22 of the stacked element 21b communicating with the hollow portion 24a. Next, the catalyst layer outlet gas A <b> 1 and the cooling gas B <b> 1 flow into the other first through hole 22 that communicates with the first through hole 22, and further communicate with the other first through hole 22. Flows into one through hole 22. Finally, the catalyst layer outlet gas A1 and the cooling gas B1 flow out of the first through hole 22 of the stacked element 21b communicating with the outer space 28a of the stacked body 2a, and flow out of the stacked body 2a.

  As described above, the catalyst layer outlet gas A1 and the cooling gas B1 are dispersed, merged, reversed, when flowing through the first through hole 22 communicating with the inside of the stacked body 2a from the inner peripheral portion toward the outer peripheral portion. It is highly mixed by repeating turbulent flow, vortex flow, and collision. Then, the highly mixed catalyst layer outlet gas A1 and cooling gas B1 are supplied to the downstream catalyst layer 6b, whereby the reaction rate in the catalyst layer 6b is increased.

Dispersion, confluence, inversion, turbulence, vortex flow, and collision are generally as follows. That is, the dispersion is the dispersion when the fluid flows out from each first through hole 22 to the adjacent first through hole 22, and the merge is the first through hole adjacent from the plurality of first through holes 22. The reversal of the merging due to the fluid flowing into the hole 22 means the reversal of the fluid inside the first through hole 22. Moreover, turbulent flow refers to an irregular flow of fluid, whirlpool refers to a vortex flow generated with strong turbulent flow, and these flows collide with each other.

  The hollow portion 24a has a sufficient size with respect to the first through hole 22, the second through holes 23 of the respective laminated elements 21a and 21b constituting the hollow portion 24a have substantially the same inner diameter, and It is almost concentric. Therefore, the flow resistance when the catalyst layer outlet gas A1 and the cooling gas B1 flow through the hollow portion 24a is smaller than the flow resistance when the inside of the stacked body 2 flows in the direction in which the stacked elements 21a and 21b extend. Therefore, the catalyst layer outlet gas A1 and the cooling gas B1 reach the inner peripheral portion of each of the stacked elements 21a and 21b substantially evenly regardless of the position in the stacking direction even when the number of stacked layers 21a and 21b is large. The inside of the laminate 2 flows substantially evenly from the inner periphery to the outer periphery.

  In the first through holes 22 of the laminated elements 21a and 21b whose upper and lower surfaces inside the mixer 1a are in contact with the other laminated elements 21a and 21b, fluid flows from the first through holes 22 to the other upper and lower surfaces. It flows out to 1 through-hole 22 and is dispersed. In addition, the fluid flows into and merges with the first through hole 22 from the other first through holes 22 on the upper surface and the lower surface. Therefore, the fluid mixing effect is high, and the catalyst layer outlet gas A1 and the cooling gas B1 are highly mixed.

  In particular, when the flow rate increases and the flow state shifts to turbulent flow, the effect of turbulent flow and vortex flow is enhanced, and the mixing effect of the fluid accompanying dispersion and merging is further increased. Even when the flow rate is low and the flow state is laminar, the fluid is dispersed on the upper and lower surfaces and mixed by joining.

  Furthermore, since each 1st through-hole 22 of the lamination | stacking element 21a, 21b is arranged in zigzag form, when it flows out from the said 1st through-hole 22 to the other 1st through-hole 22 of an upper surface and a lower surface, , The flow is easily split into two, or the two flows are easily merged, so that they are mixed efficiently.

  In addition, although the said Embodiment 1 is a thing about the mixer 1a, the catalyst bed exit gas A2 and the cooling gas B2 are similarly mixed highly by the mixer 1b.

  On the other hand, with respect to the mixer 1c, the first plate 3 is disposed on the upper part of the laminate 2c and the second plate 4 is disposed on the lower part, contrary to the mixers 1a and 1b. Even in the mixer 1c formed in this way, the catalyst layer outlet gas A3 and the cooling gas B3 pass through the first through hole 22 of the stacked element 21b communicating with the outer space 28c of the stacked body 2c. It flows into the laminated body 2c, flows out from the first through hole 22 of the laminated element 21b communicating with the hollow portion 24c, and is highly mixed.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the mixer 1 may be stacked in the order of the second plate 4 → the stacked body 2 → the first plate 3 in the gas flow direction. You may laminate | stack in order of the board 3-> laminated body 2-> 2nd board 4 (refer FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (a) (b)).

In the present embodiment, since the laminated elements 21a and 21b, the first plate 3 and the second plate 4 can be disassembled respectively, residue and foreign matter accumulate in the first through holes 22 of the laminated elements 21a and 21b. However, it can be easily removed.
Further, since the laminated elements 21a and 21b, the first plate 3 and the second plate 4 can be manufactured separately, the mixer 1 can be manufactured easily and at low cost.
In addition, it is easy to reduce the pressure loss of the mixer 1 by arbitrarily selecting the number of laminated elements 21. For example, since the catalyst layer outlet gas A3 includes the cooling gas B1 and B2 added to the catalyst layer outlet gas A1, the gas flow rate flowing into the mixer 1c is larger than the gas flow rate flowing into the mixer 1a. In this case, if the number of laminated elements 21 of the mixer 1c is the same as that of the mixer 1a, the pressure loss due to the mixer 1c increases, and the pressure loss of the entire reactor 5A increases. However, it is possible to easily reduce the pressure loss caused by the mixer 1c by increasing the number of stacked elements 21 of the mixer 1c as compared with the mixer 1a.

(Variation 1 of laminated element)
Although the frame portion 25 is provided on the inner side and the outer side like the laminated element 21a, the mixer 1 can also be formed using laminated elements 21c and 21d having different inner and outer diameters (FIGS. 5 and 5). 6).
For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the outer peripheral shape and inner peripheral shape of the laminated element 21c are made larger than the outer peripheral shape and inner peripheral shape of the adjacent laminated element 21d. The point that the second through-hole 23 is arranged in a substantially circular shape at the substantially central portion is the same as that of the first embodiment of the reactor described above. The inner diameter of the second through hole 23 is substantially the same as and substantially concentric with the inner diameter of the through hole 41 of the adjacent second plate 4, and the outer diameter of the laminated element 21d at the lower end is the adjacent first plate. 3 is substantially the same and substantially concentric with the outer diameter of 3. The shape and arrangement of the first through holes 22 of the laminated elements 21c and 21d are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Even in this way, the first through hole 22 of the laminated element 21d is opened in the inner peripheral portion of the laminated body 2, and the first through hole 22 of the element 21c is opened in the outer peripheral portion. Since it communicates with the outer space 28, the effects and effects of the mixer 1 are exhibited.

(Modification 2 of the laminated element)
Like the laminated element 21b, the mixer 1 is formed by using only the same laminated element 21 in which the plurality of first through holes 22 that do not have the frame portion 25 on the inner side and the outer side are arranged at the same position. You can also
For example, as shown in FIGS. 7A to 7D, the first through hole 22 of the laminated element 21 is formed into a plurality of first shapes having a polygonal shape such as a circle, a regular square, a triangle, or a hexagon. The through holes 22 can be arranged so as to partially overlap in the radial direction and the circumferential direction.

  In this case, the first through-holes 22 are extended from the stacked elements 21 by disposing the plurality of first through-holes 22 so as to partially overlap in the radial direction and the circumferential direction. The laminated body 2 can be formed by communicating in the direction in which it is performed. Even in this case, the catalyst layer outlet gas A and the cooling gas B are highly mixed by flowing through the communicating first through hole 22.

(Modification 3 of laminated element)
Each of the laminated element 21, the first plate 3, and the second plate 4 can be divided into various shapes. For this reason, maintenance such as cleaning after the operation of the mixing apparatus is completed becomes easy. Further, even the large mixer 1 can be easily manufactured and can be easily arranged inside the container 50.
For example, when the container 50 has a substantially cylindrical shape and the laminated element 21 has an annular shape as in the reaction apparatus 5A shown in FIG. 1, the division by the sector-shaped divided body 26 is performed as shown in FIG. What is structured can be carried in from the manhole 30 disposed in the container 50.
Moreover, the laminated element 21 can carry a photocatalyst. According to this, since the residue and foreign matter of the fluid adhering to each plate can be decomposed by the action of the photocatalyst, maintenance such as cleaning after the operation of the mixing device is facilitated.

(Embodiment 2 of reactor)
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the fluid C flows through the inside of the reaction device 5B according to the second embodiment of the reaction device. As shown in FIG. 9, the reaction apparatus 5 </ b> B has a cylindrical container 50 having a flange 53 detachably mounted with an outer peripheral circular flange 54 having an inlet 51 and an outlet 52. A catalyst unit 9A is disposed inside the reaction apparatus 5B.

In the catalyst unit 9A, similarly to the mixer 1 shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of catalyst elements 27a and 27b each having the same shape as the stacked elements 21a and 21b are alternately stacked (here, a total of three). The catalyst bodies 8 a to 8 d are provided, and the upper and lower catalyst elements 27 a or 27 b of the catalyst bodies 8 a to 8 d are adjacent to the first plate 3 or the second plate 4. The catalyst elements 27a, 27b, the first plate 3 and the second plate 4 are fixed inside the reaction apparatus 5B by appropriate means such as bolts and nuts, for example.
The first plate 3 is a circular plate and has an outer diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the catalyst elements 27a and 27b. The second plate 4 is a circular plate having a circular through hole 41 into which the fluid C flows into the center portion, and has an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the reaction device 5B.

  The second plate 4 is disposed on the inlet 51 side of the reactor 5B, and the first catalyst body 8a is disposed on the lower surface thereof. The first plate 3 is disposed on the lower surface of the first catalyst body 8a, and then the second catalyst body 8b, the second plate 4, the third catalyst body 8c, the first plate 3, the fourth catalyst body 8d, The second plates 4 are sequentially arranged.

The catalyst elements 27a and 27b are provided with a plurality of first through holes 22 as in the case of the laminated elements 21a and 21b in the first embodiment of the reaction apparatus, and are substantially circular second through holes having substantially the same inner diameter at the center. 23. The inner diameter of the second through hole 23 is substantially the same as and substantially concentric with the inner diameter of the through hole 41 of the second plate 4. By laminating the catalyst elements 27a and 27b, the second through hole 23 forms the first hollow portion 24a to the fourth hollow portion 24d at the center of each catalyst body 8a to 8d. Other structures of the catalyst elements 27a and 27b are the same as those of the laminated elements 21a and 21b.
Between the inner periphery of the container 50 and the outer periphery of the first catalyst body 8a and the second catalyst body 8b, a first annular space 55a, and the outer periphery of the third catalyst body 8c and the fourth catalyst body 8d. A second annular space 55b is formed between the two portions.

Further, like the stacked body 2 in the first embodiment of the reactor, a part of the plurality of first through holes 22 communicates in the extending direction of the catalyst elements 27a and 27b in each of the catalyst bodies 8a to 8d. And, it communicates with the hollow portions 24a to 24d and the annular space portions 55a and 55b.
The first through holes 22 of the catalyst elements 27a and 27b at both ends are closed in the stacking direction by the first plate 3 and the second plate 4 that are opposed to both ends of each of the catalyst bodies 8a to 8d. . Further, the outer diameter of the first plate 3 is larger than the through hole 41 of the second plate 4. Therefore, the fluid inside the catalyst bodies 8a to 8d is prevented from flowing out in the stacking direction from the first through holes 22 at both ends of each catalyst body 8a to 8d, and the catalyst elements 27a, It circulates reliably in the extending direction of 27b.

  In the reaction apparatus 5B having the above configuration, for example, the fluid C that has flowed from the inlet 51 by an appropriate pumping means flows into the first hollow portion 24a via the through hole 41 of the second plate 4. Subsequently, the fluid C flows into the first catalyst body 8a from the first through hole 22 communicating with the first hollow portion 24a, and flows through the first through hole 22 communicating therewith in the outer peripheral direction. Subsequently, the fluid C flows out from the inside of the first catalyst body 8a to the first annular space portion 55a through the first through hole 22 communicating with the first annular space portion 55a.

  Subsequently, the fluid C flows into the second catalyst body 8b from the first through hole 22 communicating with the first annular space 55a, and flows in the inner circumferential direction through the first through hole 22 communicating. Subsequently, the fluid C flows out from the second catalyst body 8b into the second hollow portion 24b via the first through hole 22 communicating with the second hollow portion 24b.

  Thereafter, the fluid C passes through the through hole 41 of the second plate 4 via the third hollow portion 24c → the third catalyst body 8c → the second annular space portion 55b → the fourth catalyst body 8d → the fourth hollow portion 24d. Then, it flows out from the exit 52. As described above, the fluid C flows through the first through holes 22 that communicate with each other while flowing through the inside of each of the catalyst bodies 8a to 8d from the inner peripheral portion to the outer peripheral portion or from the outer peripheral portion to the inner peripheral portion. Reacts with high mixing. As described above, the fluid C flowing from the inlet 51 of the reaction device 5B reacts while being highly mixed and flows out from the outlet 52.

  As described above, according to the present reaction apparatus 5B including the catalyst unit 9A, the fluid C is contacted by the first plate 3 and the second plate 4 that are opposed to both ends of the catalyst bodies 8a to 8d. The direction in which the medium 8 flows can be changed from the inner periphery to the outer periphery, or vice versa, from the outer periphery to the inner periphery. Then, since the fluid C flows through the first through holes 22 that communicate more, the fluid C can be further mixed and reacted.

  Moreover, each hollow part 24a-24d has sufficient magnitude | size with respect to the 1st through-hole 22, and the 2nd through-hole 23 of each catalyst element 27a, 27b which comprises the hollow part 24 is substantially the same internal diameter. And is substantially concentric. Therefore, the flow resistance when the fluid C flows through the hollow portions 24a to 24d is smaller than the flow resistance when the fluid C flows through the catalyst bodies 8a to 8d in the direction in which the catalyst elements 27a and 27b extend. Therefore, even when the number of stacked catalyst elements 27a and 27b is large, the fluid C reaches the inner periphery of each of the catalyst elements 27a and 27b substantially evenly regardless of the position in the stacking direction, and each of the catalyst bodies 8a to 8d. The inside flows from the inner periphery to the outer periphery, or vice versa, from the outer periphery to the inner periphery.

  The inflow of the fluid C from the annular spaces 55a and 55b into the catalyst bodies 8a to 8d is the same as that for the hollow portions 24a to 24d.

  In the first through holes 22 of the catalyst elements 27a and 27b in which the upper and lower surfaces inside the catalyst unit 9A are in contact with the other catalyst elements 27a and 27b, fluid flows from the first through holes 22 to the other upper and lower surfaces. It flows out to 1 through-hole 22 and is dispersed. In addition, the fluid flows into and merges with the first through hole 22 from the other first through holes 22 on the upper surface and the lower surface. Therefore, the mixing effect of the fluid is high, and the fluid C is highly mixed and a high reaction rate is obtained.

  In particular, when the flow rate of the fluid C increases and the flow state shifts to turbulent flow, the effects of turbulent flow and vortex flow are enhanced, and the mixing effect of the fluid accompanying dispersion and merging is further increased. Even when the flow rate is low and the flow state is laminar, the fluid is dispersed on the upper and lower surfaces and mixed by joining.

  Further, since the first through holes 22 of the catalyst elements 27a and 27b are arranged in a staggered manner, when the first through holes 22 flow out from the first through holes 22 to the other first through holes 22 on the upper surface and the lower surface, The flow is easily split into two or the two flows are easily merged.

In the present embodiment, the catalyst elements 27a, 27b, the first plate 3 and the second plate 4 can be disassembled respectively, so that the catalyst unit 9A can be easily manufactured and can be manufactured at low cost.
In the present embodiment, by supplying another fluid to the first annular space 55a or the second annular space 55b, the reaction can be performed in multiple stages as in the reactor 5A according to the first embodiment.
As the catalyst element 27, a material having catalytic ability is formed into the shape of the catalyst element 27, a carrier is formed into the shape of the catalyst element 27 and a catalytically active component is supported, and aluminum having the shape of the catalyst element 27 is anodized. Those having a catalytically active component supported on the surface are used.

  The modified examples of the catalyst elements 27a and 27b are the same as the modified examples 1 to 3 of the laminated element.

(Embodiment 3 of the reactor)
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the fluid D flows through the inside of the reaction device 5C according to the third embodiment of the reaction device. As shown in FIG. 10, the reactor 5C has a catalyst unit 9B disposed therein, and the outer diameters of the catalyst elements 27a and 27b of the catalyst bodies 8a to 8d forming the catalyst unit 9B are substantially the same as the inner diameter of the container 50. is there. Other configurations are the same as those of the reactor 5B in the second embodiment.

  In this reactor 5C, the inner peripheral surface of the container 50 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst unit 9B, and the outer diameter of the first plate 3 is smaller than the outer diameters of the second plate 4 and the catalyst bodies 8a to 8d. . Accordingly, the fluid D is between the first catalyst body 8a and the second catalyst body 8b, and between the third catalyst body 8c and the fourth catalyst body 8d, between the first through holes 22 communicating with each other at the outer periphery. Circulate at.

In the reactor 5C having the above-described configuration, for example, the fluid D that has flowed from the inlet 51 by an appropriate pumping means extends through the first through holes 22 that communicate with each other inside the catalyst bodies 8a to 8d. It reacts while being mixed by circulating in the direction of.
In the third embodiment, since the outer diameters of the catalyst elements 27a and 27b are substantially the same as the inner diameter of the container 50, the catalyst elements 27a and 27b can be easily installed inside the container 50.

  Other functions and effects of the reactor 5C in the third embodiment are the same as the functions and effects of the reactor 5B in the second embodiment of the reactor.

(Embodiment 4 of reactor)
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the fluid E flows inside the reaction apparatus 5D according to Embodiment 4 of the reaction apparatus, and FIG. 12 shows a catalyst forming the catalyst unit 9C disposed inside the reaction apparatus 5D. It is a perspective view which shows 27c.
The reaction device 5D according to the fourth embodiment is different from the reaction device 5C according to the third embodiment in that a plurality of catalyst elements 27c arranged in the reaction device 5D have a frame portion 25 on the outer side as shown in FIG. At the same time, the second through hole 23 is not provided in the central portion, and the first through hole 22 is provided on the entire surface. Further, the outer peripheral shape of the first plate 3 is formed to be smaller in diameter than the catalyst element 27c so that the first through hole 22 in the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion of the catalyst 27c superimposed on the plate is opened.
In this case, the first through hole 22 of the catalyst element 27c is arranged with its position shifted so as to partially overlap in the radial direction and the circumferential direction, and the first through hole 22 is arranged in the catalyst element 27c. Communicating in the extending direction.

  Also by configuring the reaction device 5D in this way, the fluid E that has flowed from the inlet 51 by an appropriate pumping means flows into the catalyst body 8a through the through hole 41 of the second plate 4, and the inside of the catalyst body 8a. The catalyst element 27c is circulated through the first through hole 22 communicating with the catalyst element 27c to react while being highly mixed. Finally, the fluid E flows out through the first through hole 22 communicating with the through hole 41 of the second plate 4 at one end of the catalyst unit 9C.

As described above, according to the reaction device 5D according to the fourth embodiment, the catalyst element 27c does not include the second through hole 23, so that the production is easy.
Moreover, since the outer diameter of the catalyst element 27c is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the container 50, the catalyst element 27c can be easily installed inside the container 50.
Other configurations and operational effects of the reaction device 5D of the fourth embodiment are the same as those of the reaction device 5C of the third embodiment.

(Modification of reactor)
The reaction apparatus 5 according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified and implemented within the scope of the present invention.
Moreover, although the container 50 is made into the substantially cylindrical shape or cylindrical shape, it is not limited to this, For example, when using a reaction apparatus by low pressure like the exhaust gas processing apparatus of a factory, a rectangular shape may be sufficient. In this case, the shapes of the laminated element 21, the catalyst element 27, the first plate 3, and the second plate 4 are appropriately changed in design according to the shape of the container 50.

Moreover, although the 1st through-hole 22 of the lamination | stacking element 21 is made into the substantially rectangular shape, as above-mentioned, this invention is not limited to this. Moreover, although the pitch of the radial direction of the 1st through-hole 22 of the lamination | stacking element 21a, 21b is made substantially the same, this invention is not limited to this. Further, the size of the first through-hole 22 may increase as it goes from the inner periphery to the outer periphery as in the laminated elements 21a and 21b, as shown in FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (d). All may be the same.
Moreover, although the 2nd through-hole 23 of the lamination | stacking element 21 is made into substantially circular shape, and the through-hole 41 of the 2nd board 4 is made circular, this invention is not limited to this, It is the same as these Other shapes that perform functions may be employed. The laminated element 21 has the second through-hole 23 in the substantially central portion, and the second plate 4 has the through-hole 41 in the substantially central portion, and has substantially the same diameter and substantially concentricity. Other shapes that perform the same function can be adopted, and the present invention is not limited to this.
Further, the mixer 1 may be configured in a combination such as the catalyst body 8, the first plate 3, and the second plate 4 in the reaction apparatus 5B, 5C, or 5D.

Further, the laminated element 21a and the laminated element 21b have different shapes, and the plurality of first through holes 22 are arranged so that the positions of the first through holes 22 of the laminated elements 21a and 21b adjacent to each other are shifted from each other. Although it arrange | positions so that it may overlap in a direction and the circumferential direction, it is not limited to this.
For example, a plurality of first through holes 22 are partially overlapped in the radial direction and the circumferential direction by using the laminated element 21 having the same shape in which the plurality of first through holes 22 are arranged at the same position. As such, the positions may be shifted.

  The above example of the laminated element 21 is the same for the catalyst element 27 having the same structure as the laminated element 21.

  Further, the fluid supplied to the reaction apparatus is not limited to gas, and may be liquid, a mixture of gas and liquid, a mixture of liquid and solid, or the like.

  The embodiment disclosed above should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above-described embodiments but by the scope of claims for patent, and includes all modifications and variations within the scope and meaning equivalent to the scope of claims for patent.

1, 1a, 1b, 1c Mixer 2 Stack 3 First plate 4 Second plate 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D Reactor 9A, 9B, 9C Catalyst unit 21, 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d Stacked element 22 First through hole 23 (for laminated element or catalyst element) Second through hole 24, 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d (for laminated element or catalyst element) Hollow part 27, 27a, 27b, 27c Catalyst element 41 Through holes 55, 55a, 55b (second plate) Annular spaces A, B, C, D, E Fluid

Claims (9)

A reaction device for reacting a fluid inside a container having an inlet and an outlet,
At least two or more catalyst layers are disposed inside the container, and a mixer for mixing one or more fluids is disposed between at least one catalyst layer,
The mixer includes a laminated body in which a plurality of laminated elements are laminated, and a first plate and a second plate that are arranged to face each other with the laminated body interposed therebetween,
The laminated element has a plurality of first through holes,
The first plate has an outer shape smaller than the container inner shape,
The second plate has an outer shape that is substantially the same as the inner shape of the container, an outer surface is substantially inscribed with the inner surface of the container, and communicates with at least one first through hole of the laminated element. Having a through-hole,
The laminated body is arranged so that a part or all of the first through holes partially overlap with the first through holes of the adjacent laminated elements and the first through holes of the adjacent laminated elements are overlapped . A reactor arranged to communicate with a through-hole so that fluid can flow in the direction in which the laminated element extends. The reactor according to claim 1,
The reaction apparatus in which the plurality of laminated elements, the first plate, and the second plate are fixed so as to be disassembled. In the reactor according to claim 1 or 2,
The laminated element has a second through hole larger than the first through hole, and the second through hole communicates in a laminating direction so as to form a hollow portion in the laminated body. And
The reaction apparatus arrange | positioned so that the through-hole of a said 2nd board may be connected to the at least 1 1st through-hole of the said lamination | stacking element through the said hollow part. A reaction method of a fluid by the reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The fluid from the catalyst layer arranged upstream of the mixer and one or more other fluids are caused to flow into the mixer, and the first through-hole is circulated in the extending direction of the laminated element. The reaction method of flowing out of the mixer and flowing into a catalyst layer disposed downstream of the mixer. A catalyst unit,
A catalyst body in which a plurality of catalyst elements are stacked, and a first plate and a second plate disposed to face each other with the catalyst body interposed therebetween,
The catalyst element has a plurality of first through holes,
The second plate has a through hole communicating with at least one first through hole of the catalyst element;
The catalyst element is arranged such that a part or all of the first through hole partially overlaps the first through hole of the adjacent catalyst element while shifting its position, and the first of the adjacent catalyst elements The catalyst unit arrange | positioned so that a fluid may be communicated in the direction which a catalyst element extends between 1 through-holes. The catalyst unit according to claim 5, wherein
The plurality of catalyst elements, the first plate, and the second plate are catalyst units fixed so as to be disassembled. In the catalyst unit according to any one of claims 5 or 6,
The catalyst element has a second through hole larger than the first through hole, and the second through hole communicates in a stacking direction so as to form a hollow portion in the catalyst body. And
The catalyst unit arrange | positioned so that the through-hole of a said 2nd board may be connected to the at least 1 1st through-hole of the said catalyst element through the said hollow part. A reaction apparatus comprising the catalyst unit according to any one of claims 5 to 7, and a container having an inlet and an outlet for accommodating the catalyst unit,
The first plate in the catalyst unit has an outer shape smaller than the container inner shape,
The reaction apparatus in which the second plate in the catalyst unit has an outer shape substantially the same as the inner shape of the container, and the outer surface of the second plate is substantially inscribed with the inner surface of the container. A fluid reaction method using a catalyst unit according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
A reaction method in which a fluid flows into the catalyst unit, causes the first through hole to flow in a direction in which the catalyst element extends, and flows out of the catalyst unit.

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