JP5448154B2 - Transformer failure judgment device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a transformer failure determination device, for example, a failure determination device that detects the presence or absence of a short-circuit between windings in a distribution transformer such as a pole transformer, and other failure detection.

  Overhead distribution lines that distribute power from distribution facilities such as substations to homes and factories are equipped with pole transformers. This pole transformer transforms AC 6.6 [kV] high voltage power applied to the high voltage distribution line into 100 [V] and 200 [V] low voltage power that can be used in homes and factories (transformation). To do. When such a pole transformer fails, an abnormal voltage or current is generated, and the power supply is cut off by the protection circuit.

  Therefore, after narrowing down the scope of the accident as a step to identify the point of failure when a distribution line accident occurs, the fault judgment of each transformer is performed using a transformer fault judgment device (trans checker). It is common to check the soundness one by one and identify the accident point.

  The principle of operation of this type of conventional transformer failure determiner is as follows. First, a transformer that is disconnected internally has an infinite or very close electrical resistance at the terminals. In order to detect the failure of the transformer in such a state, it is possible to apply a DC voltage and measure the winding resistance.

  In addition, among the failures in the above-mentioned pole transformer, a short circuit between the windings that occurred inside the transformer (rare short: layer short, turn short: turn short) is a closed circuit inside the transformer. . When an AC voltage is applied to the transformer in such a state, a large current flows even in a no-load state. Using this principle, it is possible to detect a short-circuit between windings such as a rare short. As an example, there is a technique in which an AC voltage in a frequency range of 200 to 600 Hz is applied to the secondary side of a transformer, and the excitation current is compared with a predetermined fixed threshold value to determine the presence or absence of a short circuit between windings. Known (for example, Patent Document 1). This utilizes the characteristic that the excitation current increases when a short circuit occurs between the windings. In particular, a transformer having a smaller excitation current than the threshold value in the frequency range of 200 to 600 Hz, This is a technique for determining a larger transformer as a transformer in which windings are short-circuited.

  Most of the pole transformer failures that blow the high-voltage cutout fuses in power distribution facilities are accompanied by shorts between the windings. Therefore, in the initial judgment, if an abnormal transformer is judged to be normal or a normal transformer is mistakenly judged to be abnormal, it will affect the identification of the later failure point, causing problems in safety and efficiency in field work. End up. Therefore, the initial determination by the transformer failure determination device as described above plays a very important role.

  Also, when reusing a removed transformer, it is necessary to determine its soundness easily and accurately. Therefore, the quality determination of the removed product by the transformer failure determination device is also as important as the determination at the time of the accident.

  The conventional transformer failure determination device disclosed in Patent Document 1 and the like is based on the principle of detecting a disconnection of a transformer and a short circuit between windings with a preset current magnitude. In the case of a transformer having a characteristic deviating from the above, there is a possibility that it is determined as a failure. One example is shown in FIG. Even if the transformer with a large capacity is healthy, the excitation current is large, and the current value may be the same as the excitation current when a transformer with a small capacity is rarely short-circuited. Up to this point, until now, the characteristics of the targeted distribution transformers were mostly within a certain range, regardless of the manufacturer or generation, so there were few problems.

  However, in recent years, various transformers have emerged, such as increasing the capacity of distribution transformers and increasing the number of items by manufacturer. For example, in recent years, a transformer having a capacity exceeding 100 [kVA] has been developed due to an increase in power consumption. In addition, transformers such as three-phase three-wire, three-phase four-wire, and three-phase four-wire are being developed as needed to improve power distribution efficiency. Furthermore, it has become possible to produce transformers with reduced excitation current even with the same capacity as conventional products. When a conventional transformer failure determination device is applied to such a transformer, an erroneous determination may be made.

  Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, Patent Document 2 discloses a short-circuit determination device that can quickly and surely determine a short-circuit between windings of a transformer by a simple determination process instead of the above-described fixed threshold determination. Proposed inventions have been proposed. The transformer failure determination device (short-circuit determination device) disclosed in Patent Document 2 includes an AC power source that sequentially applies AC voltages having different frequencies to the windings of the transformer, and an excitation current of the transformer for AC voltages having different frequencies. A current measurement unit that measures current, a first-order derivative calculation unit that first-derivatizes an approximate curve of the excitation current value measured by the current measurement unit, and a differential value obtained by the first-order derivative calculation unit is positive if there is no short circuit, negative In this case, a short circuit determination unit that determines that there is a short circuit and a determination notification unit that notifies the determination result of the short circuit determination unit are provided.

  The transformer failure determination device disclosed in Patent Document 2 is excited when an AC voltage is applied by sweeping the frequency between a transformer in which windings are short-circuited and a normal transformer that is not short-circuited. It utilizes the fact that the current trajectories are different. In other words, a sound transformer has an L component due to the winding, a C component due to the insulating layer portion of the winding, and an R component due to the winding resistance, and an impedance value obtained by synthesizing these depends on the frequency. That is, the L component is dominant in the low frequency region, and the C component is dominant in the high frequency region. As a result, in the case of a normal healthy product, the current value of the excitation current tends to increase when the frequency is gradually increased. On the other hand, a transformer in a rare short state acts in a direction that eliminates the L component by a short circuit formed therein, so that the L component becomes smaller when compared with a healthy product. For this reason, C is dominant in the impedance of the entire transformer regardless of the frequency. As a result, in the case of a faulty product, the current value tends to decrease when the frequency is gradually increased.

  FIG. 2A shows the relationship between the excitation current and the frequency in each of these healthy transformers and rare-short transformers. The accident product (1) and the accident product (2) in FIG. 2 (a) are the results of measurements on the transformers shown in FIG. The accident product (1) has a rare short circuit at point (1) on the primary side, and the accident product (2) has a rare short circuit at point (2) on the secondary side.

  Therefore, the approximate curve of a plurality of excitation current values with respect to the AC voltage at the plurality of frequencies is regarded as a locus of the excitation current, and the approximate curve is first-order differentiated to determine whether the curve tends to increase or decrease. It is possible to make a determination, and it is possible to quickly and reliably determine a short circuit between windings by an easy process such as a first-order differential process.

Patent 117509 JP-A-7-94341

  As described above, the transformer failure determiner disclosed in Patent Document 2 can determine a short circuit between windings of the transformer by a simple process. However, when the frequency-excitation current characteristics were measured for the same healthy transformer, it was found that the characteristic results differ each time they are measured, as shown in FIG. Thus, the variation in the frequency-excitation current characteristics for the same transformer has the problem that the detection accuracy for a short-circuit between windings such as a rare short using the transformer failure determination device is low, In order to be put to practical use, there is a problem that it is desired to improve detection accuracy.

  Also, for disconnection detection, the electrical resistance of the terminal is infinite or very close to it. Can do. However, for example, in a transformer having a delta connection as shown in FIG. 4A, a parallel circuit is formed. Therefore, even if there is a disconnection, a closed circuit is formed through a healthy phase and current flows. It will be judged as normal. In addition, a single-phase three-wire connection transformer as shown in FIG. 4B also forms a parallel winding inside the secondary side. Since a closed circuit is configured, current flows and it is determined to be normal. Therefore, a recent transformer has a problem that it is difficult to detect disconnection depending on its structure.

In order to solve the above-described problems, a transformer failure determination device according to the present invention is (1) a transformer failure determination device that determines whether or not a transformer has failed, and demagnetizes the iron core of the transformer. A fault determination unit that applies an AC voltage to the transformer in which the iron core has been demagnetized by the demagnetizing unit, and determines whether there is a short-circuit between windings of the transformer based on an excitation current at that time, and the fault a determination notification unit for notifying the determination result of the determination unit, based on the premise shall comprise a.

  The transformer core used has residual magnetic flux, and the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field are not constant. When the residual magnetic flux is large, the iron core permeability decreases and the winding inductance decreases, so that the excitation current increases. On the other hand, when the residual magnetic flux is small, the iron core permeability increases and the winding inductance increases, so the excitation current becomes small. Since the level of the residual magnetic flux in the iron core varies depending on individual transformers depending on various conditions such as the timing at which the applied voltage is turned off, the subsequent standing time, the iron core size, etc., the residual magnetic flux in the transformer core to be measured is unknown. Therefore, in the present invention, the transformer (iron core) is demagnetized by the demagnetization unit, and the excitation current is measured by the failure determination unit in a state where the residual magnetic flux of the iron core is unified (demagnetization). Whether or not there is a short circuit can be determined with high accuracy.

In the above premise, the demagnetizing unit applies an initial processing means for applying a DC voltage to the transformer to make it a positive or negative saturated state, and for bringing the saturated transformer to a reverse saturated state. DC voltage application means for applying a DC voltage, saturation detection means for detecting that the iron core of the transformer is saturated, and the saturation detection means for the transformer saturated by the initial processing means. Until the saturation is detected, a DC voltage in the direction opposite to that of the initial processing means is applied. When the iron core reaches a saturated state, the DC core is immediately shut off. A time measuring means for measuring the time until the electromotive force becomes zero, and a DC voltage of the same magnitude in the same direction as the DC voltage applied by the initial processing means for half the time measured by the time measuring means. Apply to transformer And pulse applying means, and so comprises a.

  In the embodiment, the initial processing means has a function of performing a process of applying a DC voltage for a certain period of time, and is realized by, for example, a function of executing the processing step S1. The fixed time is set to a sufficient time so as to saturate in any case of residual magnetic flux density that can be taken under normal use conditions. Of course, if the length is too long, the measurement time becomes long and the voltage is applied and consumed unnecessarily, so the length is set appropriately. Further, in order to adopt a simple configuration, in the embodiment, the voltage is applied for a certain period of time. However, it may be monitored whether or not it is saturated, and application of the voltage may be stopped when saturated. In the embodiment, the saturation detection unit monitors the current value of the excitation current, and determines that the saturation has occurred when it suddenly increases. However, other methods may be used. In the embodiment, the time measuring means measures t1, and is realized by a timer and a CPU. In the embodiment, the pulse applying means corresponds to a function of applying a DC voltage for a time of t1 / 2.

  As described above, since the demagnetization is performed using the DC voltage, the demagnetization can be realized with a simple configuration. Therefore, even if the inspection object is excellent in portability and scattered in towns such as pole transformers, it can be easily determined whether there is a failure or not, and it is convenient for finding an accident point.

(2) pre-Symbol saturation detection means may is to determine the presence or absence of saturation based on the current value of the exciting current flowing by applying a DC voltage to the transformer by the DC voltage applying unit. When a DC voltage is applied, the current value of the exciting current gradually increases as time passes, but the current value suddenly increases when the saturation state is reached. Therefore, the presence or absence of saturation can be detected based on the change.

(3) (1) or assumes the invention of (2), over the previous SL said transformer is a DC voltage with pulse-applying means, until saturation is detected by the saturation detection means, said pulse Apply a DC voltage in the opposite direction to the application means, shut off immediately when the iron core is saturated, and measure the time from the start of application of the DC voltage until the back electromotive force generated by the interruption becomes zero Second time measuring means, and if the difference between the time measured by the second time measuring means and the time applied by the pulse applying means is within a reference, half of the time measured by the time measuring means. When the DC voltage is applied by the pulse applying means for the time or the time measured by the second time measuring means to complete the demagnetization process, and the time difference is equal to or greater than the reference, the time for applying the DC voltage by the pulse applying means If you change There. In the embodiment, the second time measuring means is realized by a function for measuring t3. Thereby, it can be confirmed whether or not the demagnetization was successful by the DC voltage (single pulse) applied by the pulse applying means. If successful, the demagnetization state can be restored by applying the voltage again for the same time. Chi words, the application of a predetermined time DC voltage by pulse applying means, theoretically perform degaussing. However, there is still a possibility that it will not always be zero due to the influence of individual differences in iron cores. Therefore, if the time difference between the time when the DC voltage is applied by the pulse applying means (t2 = t1 / 2: t1 is the time measured by the time measuring means) and the time t3 measured by the second time measuring means is within the reference, If it can be determined that the deviation is greater than the reference, adjustment is made by changing the time for applying the DC voltage by the pulse applying means.

(4) Based on the invention of (1) or (2) , the pulse application is performed until saturation is detected by the saturation detection means for the transformer to which a DC voltage is applied by the pulse application means. A second time measuring means for measuring the time from the start of application of the DC voltage to the time when the back electromotive force becomes zero, and saturation using the DC voltage application means When the voltage application processing by the pulse applying means is performed on the positive side and the negative side, the time is measured by the second time measuring means for each, and the difference in the measured time between the positive and negative is within the reference Is completed by applying a DC voltage by the pulse applying means for half the time measured by the time measuring means to complete the degaussing process, and if the time difference is greater than or equal to the reference, the DC voltage at the pulse applying means is Time to apply It may be so further to. By verifying on both the positive and negative sides, demagnetization can be performed more accurately.

(5) It is more preferable to apply a damped alternating current in which the magnitude of the first wave does not exceed the magnitude of the direct current voltage immediately after the last applied direct current voltage. In this way, demagnetization can be performed more reliably.

(6) The DC voltage power source may be a battery. In this way, the entire apparatus is compact and convenient to carry. Considering the winding resistance and the number of turns, most current distribution transformers can saturate the magnetic flux density of the iron core with a DC power supply of about several volts. Therefore, demagnetization can be performed with a DC voltage in which several batteries are connected in series, and there is no problem.

(7) A failure determination device for a transformer having three or more terminals, measuring DC resistance between a plurality of sets of terminals, obtaining a ratio of DC resistance between each terminal, and determining whether there is a disconnection from the obtained ratio. It is good to provide the disconnection determination means to determine.

  In the present invention, it is possible to determine in a short time whether or not there is a failure such as a short circuit between windings of the transformer or a disconnection without being affected by the capacity, internal connection, or core material of the transformer.

It is a figure explaining the subject of this invention. It is a figure explaining the subject of this invention. It is a figure explaining the subject of this invention. It is a figure explaining the subject of this invention. It is a figure which shows suitable one Embodiment of the transformer fault determination device which concerns on this invention. It is a figure explaining the function of saturation detection. It is a flowchart which shows the function of a demagnetizing part. It is a figure which shows the function and operation | movement principle of a demagnetizing part. It is a figure which shows an example of the pattern of the voltage which a demagnetizing part applies. It is a figure explaining the effect of this invention. It is a figure explaining a disconnection determination function. It is a top view which shows other suitable embodiment of the transformer failure determination device based on this invention. (A) is a side view which shows other suitable embodiment of the transformer failure determination device based on this invention, (b) is the front view. It is a figure which shows the circuit structure mounted in the inside in other suitable embodiment of the transformer failure determination device based on this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the function in suitable other embodiment of the transformer fault determination device which concerns on this invention.

  FIG. 5 shows a schematic configuration of the transformer failure determination device according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the probe 1 which is a measurement terminal connected to the terminal of each phase of the transformer is provided, and the degaussing unit 2 and the failure determination unit 3 are linked to the probe 1 via the changeover switch SW. . In order to connect to each phase, three probes 1 are prepared in this embodiment. A demagnetizing unit 2 and a failure determination unit 3 are connected to each probe 1 in a switching manner, and are linked to terminals of each phase of a transformer that is an inspection object. Furthermore, the transformer failure determination device includes an input unit 4 as a man-machine interface and a notification unit 5. Furthermore, a power supply unit 6 for operating each unit and a measurement circuit 7 for measuring voltage and current are provided.

  The input unit 4 includes an operation switch for instructing power ON / OFF, setting various modes, starting measurement, and the like. The notification unit 5 includes a sound (sound) output unit such as a buzzer and a visual output unit such as a lamp / display, and notifies the determination result.

  The power supply unit 6 uses a battery in this embodiment. That is, it is a DC power supply, and is a power supply voltage for driving the CPU and various electronic devices. Further, as will be described later, it is also used as a power source when degaussing using a DC voltage. Specifically, four batteries having a nominal voltage of 1.2 to 1.5 [V] (for example, a nickel hydride battery of 1.2 [V]) are connected in series, and between the terminals of all the batteries connected in series. The voltage is 5 to 6 [V], and the output is about 4 to 5 [W]. Of course, the number connected in series is arbitrary. Further, it is not hindered to continuously extend the life by connecting the batteries in parallel. In addition, in order to stabilize the output voltage value, as will be described later, a stabilization circuit (regulator) is connected to the output of the battery and output through the stabilization circuit to output a predetermined DC voltage of about 3 [V]. Is output.

  The failure determination unit 3 can be configured by incorporating functions of a conventional failure determination device disclosed in Patent Document 2. In other words, the function to determine whether or not there is a short-circuit between terminals is to apply alternating voltages of different frequencies sequentially, measure the excitation current of the transformer when applying alternating voltages of different frequencies, and measure the excitation A device that performs a predetermined arithmetic processing based on the current value and determines the presence or absence of a short circuit can be used. Such a determination can be made according to whether the love of the excitation current increases (healthy / normal) or decreases (short-circuit) as the frequency increases. It is possible to make a determination based on whether the result is a differential and the result of the differential is an increasing tendency or a decreasing tendency. The failure determination unit 3 outputs the determination result via the notification unit 5. In addition, a sine wave generation unit (a circuit that can be realized by a one-chip microcomputer or the like and that is amplified by an operational amplifier or the like as necessary) for applying the AC voltage is provided.

  The method for differentiating the approximate curve of the excitation current characteristics once can use the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 and is well known in the art and will not be described in detail. Further, the determination function of the failure determination unit 3 is not limited to that disclosed in Patent Document 2. As an example, alternating voltages (sine waves) of different frequencies (for example, 1 kHz and 3 kHz) are switched and output, the excitation current at each frequency is obtained, and the presence / absence of a short circuit between the windings is determined from the magnitude relationship. You may make it do. In this case, when the excitation current at a high frequency is larger, it tends to increase, so it is normal, and when the excitation current at a higher frequency is smaller, it tends to decrease, so a short circuit between windings. Can be determined.

  The demagnetizing unit 2 is for demagnetizing the transformer (iron core) prior to the measurement (frequency-excitation current characteristic measurement) in the failure determination unit 3. That is, there is a residual magnetic flux in the iron core of a normally used transformer, and the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field are not constant. The reason is that the residual magnetic flux of the iron core is influenced by the voltage and polarity at the time of interruption immediately before that. Therefore, if the residual magnetic flux is different, even if the same voltage is applied, the value of the exciting current that flows along with the application of the voltage is also different. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the measurement result changes every time measurement is performed. . Therefore, in the present embodiment, the demagnetization unit 2 is used to demagnetize the initial state in order to avoid the influence of the residual magnetic flux.

  In general, demagnetization uses AC demagnetization in which an alternating magnetic flux (alternating voltage) is applied to the transformer once until it becomes slightly overexcited, and the magnitude of the magnetic flux (voltage) is gradually reduced. Demagnetization by this method can surely reduce the residual magnetic flux, but a voltage higher than the rated voltage is required and the device itself becomes large. Of course, such a configuration may be adopted, but in the present embodiment, the DC demagnetization is performed using the DC voltage of the power supply unit 6. In consideration of the winding resistance and the number of turns, many of the current distribution transformers can saturate the magnetic flux density of the iron core with a DC power supply of about several volts. If this is utilized, demagnetization can be performed with a small voltage, so that the transformer failure determination device is also compact and portable.

  The measurement circuit 7 measures electrical characteristics such as the voltage across the terminals of the transformer, the excitation current, and the resistance value, and the measurement results are given to the demagnetization unit 2 and the failure determination unit 3. It is used for operation control and determination in

  Next, the function of the demagnetizing unit 2 will be described while explaining the principle of demagnetization. The demagnetizing unit 2 applies a DC voltage from the power supply unit 6 to the terminal of the transformer via the probe 1. As described above, when a DC voltage is continuously applied to the transformer, the iron core of the transformer reaches the saturation region, and the magnetic flux remains in the iron core as a residual magnetic flux. Therefore, the residual magnetic flux is finally reduced to 0 by controlling the DC voltage application time.

  That is, since silicon steel plates and amorphous materials have a large magnetic permeability, the self-inductance of a coil made using these as iron cores has a large value. Therefore, when a DC power source is applied to this coil, the excitation current gradually increases over time as shown in FIG. When a certain current value (magnetomotive force) is reached, the apparent permeability decreases and the self-inductance also decreases, so the excitation current almost instantaneously reaches a value determined by the winding resistance and the power supply voltage. In other words, the exciting current is monitored, and it can be determined that the iron core is saturated when its value increases rapidly.

  On the other hand, the magnitude of the magnetic flux density passing through the iron core is determined by the time integration of the magnitude of the residual magnetic flux density and the current value (magnetomotive force). Therefore, the magnitude of the residual magnetic flux density can be known by measuring the time from when the voltage is applied until the exciting current increases rapidly (the magnetic flux density reaches the saturation region). In addition, since the hysteresis curve (BH characteristic) of the iron core material is positive and negative and symmetrical, the iron core can be regarded as being demagnetized if the time to saturation in plus and minus is equal.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, excitation is performed by applying a voltage corresponding to half of the energy (time) that is required until the residual magnetic flux density is maximized in the reverse direction (actually, it is specified by time). Thus, the residual magnetic flux is reduced to 0 and demagnetization is performed. Specifically, the CPU in the degaussing unit 2 executes the following algorithm shown in FIG. In addition, as a premise, the transformer failure determination device includes a measuring unit that measures the excitation current and a timer.

  The CPU brings the iron core of the transformer into a positive saturation state (S1). Specifically, the iron core is saturated by applying the voltage (positive DC voltage) output from the power supply unit 6 as it is to the transformer for a certain period of time. That is, an example of the hysteresis curve (BH characteristic) of the iron core is as shown in FIG. And the residual magnetic flux at the time of applying such a positive direct current voltage has the magnitude | size and direction of a magnetic field as above-mentioned vary. Therefore, the CPU applies a DC voltage for a sufficient time (for example, 1 second) to ensure saturation (see (1) in FIG. 8), and then shuts off the power supply. As a result, the magnetic field H applied to the iron core is also zero, and a predetermined residual magnetic flux remains. In this way, once saturated in the positive direction, the variation in the magnitude of the residual magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic field based on the immediately preceding use state is eliminated, and the same initial state can be obtained.

For example, when a short circuit occurs, a large current flows with the application of the DC voltage, and it is not preferable that the state continues even for one second. Therefore, when this process is executed, the excitation current is monitored, and if a preset stop condition such as a current value increases rapidly or exceeds a predetermined reference value is satisfied, it is cut off. Good.

  In this embodiment, a positive DC voltage is applied to achieve a positive saturation state. However, a negative DC voltage may be first applied to obtain a negative saturation state. In that case, the direction of the DC voltage applied in each processing step in the following description may be reversed. The function of executing this processing step S1 corresponds to the initial processing means.

  Next, the CPU applies a negative DC voltage to the transformer to bring the iron core into a negative saturation state. Here, instead of applying a certain time as in the processing step S1, the exciting current is monitored and a constant DC voltage is applied until saturation occurs. That is, the CPU first starts applying a negative DC voltage and restarts the timer T (S2). Then, the CPU determines whether or not the excitation current has increased abruptly (S3). The function of executing the processing step for making such a determination corresponds to the saturation detection means. In the section where the excitation current is gradually increasing (section A in FIG. 6), the state is not saturated, and in that section, the branch determination of processing step S3 remains No, so the negative DC voltage is The excitation current is continuously monitored while being applied continuously.

  When the excitation current increases rapidly (“X” in FIG. 6), the branch determination in processing step S3 becomes Yes, and it can be estimated that the iron core is in a negative saturation state (see (3) in FIG. 8). This determination can be made, for example, by storing the value of the previous excitation current and determining that the value has increased rapidly when the difference from the current excitation current exceeds a certain threshold value.

  If the excitation current increases rapidly, the CPU shuts off the power (S4). The interruption of the power supply is not required if no negative DC voltage is finally applied to the transformer and no exciting current flows through the winding. When the application of the DC voltage is interrupted when the excitation current increases rapidly in this way, a counter electromotive force is generated, and then the voltage gradually decreases and returns to 0 (see (4) in FIG. 8). When the counter electromotive force becomes zero, a constant negative residual magnetic flux is generated in the iron core as shown in FIG. The CPU waits for the electromotive force to become 0 in this way (S5), acquires the timer value T at that time (Yes in S5), and sets it to t1 (S6). That is, a value obtained by adding the time during which the negative DC voltage is applied and the time from when the power source is shut off until the electromotive force becomes 0 is t1. The time t1 may be stored / held by the CPU, or may be stored in the memory / storage means.

  Next, the CPU applies a DC voltage in the positive direction for the time t1 / 2 (= t2) (see (5) in FIG. 8), and then shuts off the power (S7, S8). The voltage value of the DC voltage applied at this time is the same as that applied in process step S1. Thus, since the voltage value (absolute value) of the DC voltage to be applied is the same and constant, the energy required for saturation is proportional to time. Therefore, by adding half the energy required from the positive saturation state to the negative saturation state in the opposite direction, that is, in the positive direction, the residual magnetic flux density theoretically becomes zero, and demagnetization can be performed. (See (6) in FIG. 8).

  In this embodiment, the degaussing process may be terminated. However, in this embodiment, for the sake of safety, a DC voltage is applied until it is saturated again in the negative direction (see (7) in FIG. 8). If the power is cut off, the system waits until the back electromotive force becomes zero (see (8) in FIG. 8), and measures the time t3 until that time (S9). Specifically, this processing is the same as the processing from the above-described processing steps S2 to S5. Then, the CPU determines whether t2 = t3 (S10). Actually, if the difference between the two is within a certain range, it is determined that the condition of the processing step S10 is satisfied.

  When the branch determination in this processing step S10 is Yes, the demagnetization has succeeded in the process in which the DC voltage is applied only for the time t2 performed previously. However, since negative saturation is again caused by execution of processing step 9, a DC voltage is applied in the positive direction by t2 (S11). As a result, the residual magnetic flux density becomes 0 (almost 0), and the degaussing process is completed.

  On the other hand, if t2 and t3 are different and the branch determination at processing step 10 is No, the CPU changes t2 (S12), and executes processing from processing step 8 based on the new t2 after correction. . In this way, demagnetization can be performed by continuing until t2 = t3.

  Further, when applying the DC voltage only for time t2, a DC voltage + attenuating AC voltage as shown in FIG. 9 may be applied. As a result, the residual magnetic flux can be reduced to zero as much as possible.

  As in the present embodiment, demagnetization is performed first, and then the frequency-excitation current characteristics are measured. As shown in FIG. 10, even if a plurality of measurements are performed on the same transformer, almost the same value ( Characteristic). On the other hand, as described above, when the measurement is performed without demagnetization, the measurement result differs for each measurement as shown in FIG. The effect of demagnetizing can be confirmed by comparing FIG. 3 and FIG. As a result, when the demagnetization unit 2 demagnetizes and the failure determination unit 3 determines the presence / absence of the winding selection column based on the frequency-excitation current characteristics, high-performance detection / determination can be performed.

  Next, the disconnection detection function will be described. There are a delta connection transformer and some single-phase three-wire transformers as transformers that are likely to be erroneously determined in the conventional disconnection detection. As common to these transformers, there are three terminals, and the resistance between the wires has a certain regularity. Therefore, in this embodiment, disconnection detection, which has been impossible until now, is performed using this characteristic.

[Detect disconnection of delta connection]
As shown in FIG. 4 (a), since the windings having the same characteristics are triangularly connected inside the transformer, the delta connection transformer is a healthy product between terminals (between U-V and VW). (Between W and U) is equal. On the other hand, when a disconnection occurs inside, even if there is conduction, the resistance value increases. FIG. 11A shows a resistance ratio between the terminals when the winding is disconnected. If all of these ratios are equal, it is sound, and if they are different, it is determined as a failure.

[Disconnection detection of single-phase three-wire transformer]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4B, the single-phase three-wire transformer has a circuit configuration in which two neutral-pointed three-terminal coils having the same characteristics are connected in parallel inside the transformer. When the transformer coil is disconnected, the DC resistance ratio between the terminals is as shown in FIG. If this ratio is between 1-2 terminals = 2-3 terminals = (between 1-3 terminals) / 2, it is judged healthy, and if they are different, it is judged as a failure.

  The resistance between the terminals can be measured from a current flowing between the terminals when a DC voltage is applied between the terminals. In the present embodiment, since a DC voltage is applied when degaussing is performed by the demagnetizing unit 2, the disconnection determination can be performed simultaneously with the demagnetization, and the failure determination time can be shortened.

  Therefore, the inspection of the transformer failure determination device is performed in the order of (1) disconnection determination, (2) demagnetization, and (3) inter-winding short-circuit determination. In the case of the block diagram configuration shown in FIG. 5, the disconnection determination is performed when the demagnetizing unit 2 applies a DC voltage from the power supply unit 6 to the transformer via the probe 1 so as to perform demagnetization. The failure determination unit 3 acquires the current value and the voltage value detected in step 1, and the CPU of the failure determination unit 3 determines the presence or absence of disconnection. When it is confirmed that there is no disconnection, the CPU of the failure determination unit 3 gives a demagnetization processing start command to the CPU of the demagnetization unit 2. When receiving the start command, the CPU of the demagnetizing unit 2 executes the demagnetization process based on the above-described flowchart. Then, after the processing at the time of processing is completed, the switch SW is switched, an alternating voltage of a predetermined frequency is applied from the failure determination unit 3 to the transformer via the probe 1, and based on the excitation current detected by the measurement circuit 7 at that time, Determine if there is a short between windings.

  As described above, since the DC voltage is applied when performing the disconnection determination, when the application time is equal to or longer than a certain value, the processing step S1 in the demagnetization function can be omitted. Further, the disconnection determination may be performed at the same time as the execution of the processing step S1 in the degaussing process. However, when the disconnection determination and the demagnetization are started at the same time, after the degaussing function processing step S2, the disconnection determination may be performed and restarted on the condition that it is confirmed to be normal. If the demagnetizing process is performed on the disconnected transformer, not only is it useless, but if it is disconnected, the exciting current does not flow and the exciting current does not increase rapidly. This is because the state of No continues, and there is a risk of continuing to apply a DC voltage. Therefore, when the branch determination in the processing step 3 is No, the timer value T at that time is confirmed. If T is equal to or longer than the set reference time, a function of abnormal termination may be provided. In particular, in the case of a transformer failure determination device that does not have a disconnection determination function, it is preferable to provide such a function.

If an abnormality is detected in any of the processes, the notification unit 5 outputs that fact. Further, when the process is completed without detecting the above, an output to that effect is made. Further, for convenience of explanation, the degaussing unit 2 and the failure determination unit 3 are described as separate blocks, and each has a CPU and performs various determinations and controls. Can be executed.

  The disconnection detection function described above is not necessarily provided. Further, when provided, it is of course not hindered to incorporate a conventional disconnection detection function (determined by threshold processing based on the resistance value).

  12 and 13 show an example of the appearance of the transformer failure determination device of the present embodiment. Three probes 11 are attached to the upper surface of a compact rectangular box-shaped case 10. The probe 11 uses an alligator clip. This alligator clip uses a clip that can hold a 200 mm2 electric wire and does not come out even with the thinnest electric wire of 5.5 mm2. In addition, this alligator clip can be securely connected to a battledore terminal and a clamp-type terminal.

Further, on the upper surface, as an interface, a main switch 13, a detection mode switching dial 14, an inspection start button 17, an indicator 15, a buzzer 16, and a power lamp 18 are provided. The main switch 13, the detection mode switching dial 14, and the inspection start button 17 correspond to the input unit 4 described above. An indicator 15, a buzzer 16, and a power lamp 18 correspond to the notification unit 5. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 14, a DC voltage power supply unit 21, a CPU (one-chip microcomputer) 22, and various circuits 23 to 25 are built in the case 10.

  Since the transformer failure determination device shown in the figure is for a single-phase transformer, the detection mode switching dial 14 has detection targets of “primary side”, “secondary side of a two-terminal single-phase transformer”, “three-terminal single-piece”. One of the secondary sides of the phase transformer is selected. The indicator 15 includes three lamps. When the measurement is being performed, the measurement lamp is turned on. When a short circuit between the windings or a disconnection is detected, the corresponding lamp is turned on.

  The inspection start button 17 is arranged at a position where it can be easily pressed with the thumb (near the left and right edges on the near side: the right end in this example) and has a large size. This is because an inspector who is a user often wears rubber gloves or the like and can operate with the worn state. Similarly, the installation position (the left end on the near side in this example) and the dimensions of the main switch 13 are also set.

  The power supply unit 21 is driven by a direct current such as a dry battery having a voltage of 4.8 to 6 [V] and an output of 4 to 5 [W]. In consideration of versatility and running cost, the structure will be able to use AA alkaline manganese batteries and nickel metal hydride batteries. The power supplied from these batteries enters the stabilization circuit 23. Here, a DC voltage of 3 [V] is generated.

  The output of the stabilization circuit 23 is given to the probe via the cutoff switch 27, the positive / negative changeover switch 24, and the DC / AC selection switch 28. A measurement circuit 26 that measures applied voltage, excitation current, and the like is also provided. Switching control of each switch is performed based on a control signal from the one-chip microcomputer 22. Since the cutoff switch 27 has a function of opening and closing, a switching element such as an FET can be used.

  When the cutoff switch 27 is closed, the output of the stabilization circuit 23 is given to the positive / negative changeover switch 24. The one-chip microcomputer 22 controls the shut-off switch 27 to be closed when a DC voltage is applied to the iron core for demagnetization, and to open the shut-off switch 27 when the iron core is saturated and shuts off the power supply. .

  The positive / negative selector switch 24 switches the direction (positive / negative) of the voltage applied to the transformer, and is a switch circuit that inverts the positive / negative side by switching the switch. By this switching, a positive DC voltage is applied to the transformer to be in a positive saturation state, or a negative DC voltage in the opposite direction is applied to be in a negative saturation state.

  The DC / AC switch 28 switches the type of power supply when applied to the probe. In the state shown in the figure, a DC voltage is applied to detect demagnetization / disconnection and is connected to the operational amplifier 25 side. In the state, an AC voltage is applied to detect a short circuit between the windings.

  The one-chip microcomputer (one-chip CPU) 22 has a function of generating and outputting a sine wave (sine wave generation unit 22a) and controls the entire apparatus. The demagnetization unit 2 shown in FIG. The function of the failure determination unit 3 is provided. The output of the sine wave generator 22a is amplified by the operational amplifier 25 (power supply voltage is ± 12 [V]) and then applied to the transformer via the measurement circuit 26.

  The one-chip microcomputer 22 receives input signals from the main switch 13, the detection mode switching dial 14, and the inspection start button 17 provided on the upper surface of the case 10, and executes predetermined processing. As an output signal to the indicator 15, the buzzer 16, and the power lamp 18 as a notification unit to perform a predetermined notification.

  FIG. 15 shows an algorithm of an outline operation procedure of this transformer failure determiner. When the main switch 13 is turned on (OFF → ON), the one-chip microcomputer 22 (CPU) checks whether or not the specified voltage and current can be automatically taken out from the power supply unit (dry battery) 21 (S21). . Further, the power lamp 18 is turned on as the main switch 13 is turned on. In principle, the power lamp 18 continues to be lit until the main switch 13 is turned off. However, if the specified voltage or the like cannot be taken out from the dry battery (battery capacity is insufficient, etc.), the light is turned off. Thereby, the user can easily determine whether or not the power source is sufficient from the lighting state of the power lamp 18. Instead of turning off the light, the color to be turned on may be changed. The lamps of the indicator 15 are also turned on once with the main switch 13 being turned on and then turned off. Thereby, it can be confirmed that there is no failure in the lamp and the circuit constituting the indicator 15.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the self-diagnosis circuit is built in, the operation check of whether or not the transformer failure determination device operates normally is performed by the self-diagnosis circuit. This self-diagnosis circuit is an LCR circuit, and the resistance value is confirmed only by R. The sound transformer is simulated in the LR circuit portion, and the fault transformer is simulated in the CR circuit. Check whether the excitation current increases / decreases correctly with respect to the frequency change and the judgment result is correct. When an abnormality is detected during the self-diagnosis, the buzzer 16 and the indicator 15 (for example, a predetermined light emission state such as blinking all the lamps) are used to notify the abnormality of the transformer failure determiner itself. Further, the self-diagnosis circuit is not limited to the one using the LCR circuit as described above, and may be realized by the LR circuit. Furthermore, the self-diagnosis circuit may be built in the case 10 or may be configured as a built-in accessory device in a case separate from the case 10.

  When the self-diagnosis is completed, the transformer failure determination device enters the confirmation waiting mode. For example, the user operates the detection mode changeover switch 14 in accordance with the transformer to be inspected in this state to change the mode or attach the probe 11 to the terminal of the transformer to be inspected.

  When the inspection start button 17 is pressed, the one-chip microcomputer 22 (CPU) automatically starts inspection in the following order. In the present embodiment, it operates while the inspection start button 17 is being pressed. That is, even if the inspection start button 17 is pressed to start the inspection, if the pressing of the inspection start button 17 is canceled during the inspection, the measurement ends there and an error occurs. When the inspection start button 17 is pressed, the indicator 15 measuring lamp is turned on.

Then, when the inspection start button 17 continues to be pressed, a one-chip microcomputer 22 (CPU) automatically direct mode (S22) in FIG. 15 sequentially executes an alternating mode (S23). First, since the direct current mode is executed first, the one-chip microcomputer 22 controls the direct current voltage, which is the output of the battery (stabilization circuit), to be applied to the transformer. That is, the cutoff switch 27 is closed, the DC / AC voltage changeover switch 28 is connected to the DC side, and the positive / negative changeover switch 24 is set to the positive side (a state where the iron core is in a positive saturation state). At this time, the flowing current is measured by the measurement circuit 26, and the measurement result is acquired by the one-chip microcomputer 22, thereby performing a disconnection check. When the disconnection is detected, the one-chip microcomputer 22 ends the inspection at this time, turns on the disconnection lamp of the indicator 15 and issues a warning by a buzzer (S25). When it is confirmed that there is no disconnection, demagnetization is continued. This demagnetization process is performed by the one-chip microcomputer 22 (CPU) executing the flowchart shown in FIG. Moreover, although it is the application of the positive DC voltage for the positive saturation state in the processing step S1, the processing can be shared by sufficiently applying the DC voltage for detecting the disconnection. In other words, a disconnection check may be performed when a DC voltage is applied to achieve a positive saturation state. Of course, the application of the DC voltage for the disconnection check and the application of the DC voltage for demagnetization are not prevented. However, sharing is preferable because the processing can be completed in a short time.

After completion of demagnetization, the one-chip microcomputer 22 automatically shifts to the AC mode (S23). That is, the DC / AC voltage changeover switch 28 is switched to the AC side (the operational amplifier 25 side), and the short-circuit detection between the windings is started. First, a low frequency sine wave is applied. When voltage application and frequency are varied, the power-on angle is at the peak of the wave so as not to generate an inrush current. Further, the CPU monitors the voltage so that the voltage does not fluctuate when changing the frequency, and at the same time controls the power supply device as necessary so that the voltage is always stabilized. Thus, the CPU determines whether the product is normal (normal) or short-circuited between the windings (failure) from the change (increase / decrease) in the excitation current value accompanying the frequency increase. Turn on the short-circuit lamp.

  In the embodiment described above, demagnetization is performed by applying a DC voltage and appropriately controlling the direction and time of application. In order to perform processing in a short time, the time (t1) from when the positive saturation state is once changed to “negative saturation state” and then “power supply is cut off” until “the counter electromotive force becomes 0” is set. Then, demagnetization is performed by applying a positive direction for the time t1 / 2 (= t2), and for confirmation, “negative saturation state” is applied, and then “power supply is cut off” and “back electromotive force is 0 The time (t3) until "" is obtained, and if the difference between t2 and t3 falls within a certain range, it is determined that demagnetization is successful. This is because the hysteresis curve of the iron core is positive / negative and symmetrical, and there is no problem if it can be confirmed that the magnet is demagnetized on one side.

  However, after this, from the opposite side, in the negative saturation state, the time from applying the positive DC voltage to “positive saturation state” and then “turning off the power supply” to “zero back electromotive force” (T1 ′) is obtained and demagnetized by applying it in the negative direction by t1 ′ / 2 (= t2 ′). For confirmation, “positive saturation state” is applied, and then “power is cut off”. Then, the time (t3 ′) until “the counter electromotive force becomes 0” is obtained. Then, when the difference between t3 and t3 ′ is within a certain range (for example, within 3%), it may be determined that demagnetization is performed.

Further, in each of the above-described embodiments and modifications, the demagnetization is performed by controlling the application time and direction of the DC voltage, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the DC voltage and the attenuated AC voltage are not limited thereto. Can also be demagnetized. This can be realized by changing the program of the one-chip microcomputer 22 in the internal circuit configuration shown in FIG . Specifically, first, the one-chip microcomputer 22 sets each switch in a state where a DC voltage can be applied to the transformer. In this state, a DC voltage is applied for a certain period of time to achieve a positive saturation state (in this case, of course, a reverse voltage may be applied to make the negative saturation state). And the interruption | blocking switch 27 is opened, a power supply is interrupted | blocked so that a DC voltage is not applied to a transformer. Then, as described in the above embodiment, a predetermined residual magnetic flux density remains in the iron core. Up to this point, it is the same as the processing step 1 of the above-described embodiment, and after execution of this processing, a residual magnetic flux of a predetermined size and direction of magnetic flux remains regardless of the previous use situation.

  Next, the one-chip microcomputer 22 switches the DC / AC voltage switch 28 to the AC side. Then, the one-chip microcomputer 22 applies a predetermined pattern of attenuated AC voltage to the transformer. Specifically, for example, a sine wave having a predetermined frequency is output from the sine wave generation unit 22a and the gain of the operational amplifier 25 is gradually reduced. This predetermined pattern may be obtained in advance by experimentation / verification, etc., but it does not vary depending on the size / shape of the iron core. Since the iron core immediately before application of the damped AC voltage is constant in a positive saturation state, the voltage value finally becomes 0, and the application of the damped AC voltage is surely performed once. And it can be demagnetized in a short time.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Probe 2 Demagnetization part 3 Failure determination part 4 Input part 5 Notification part 6 Power supply part 10 Case 11 Probe 13 Main switch 14 Mode switch 15 Indicator 16 Buzzer 17 Inspection start button 18 Power lamp 21 Power supply part 22 One-chip microcomputer 23 Stable Circuit 24 positive / negative selector switch 25 operational amplifier 26 measuring circuit 27 cutoff switch 28 DC / AC voltage selector switch

Claims (7)

A transformer failure determination device for determining the presence or absence of a transformer failure,
A degaussing part for demagnetizing the iron core of the transformer;
Applying an alternating voltage to the transformer demagnetized in the iron core in the demagnetization unit, a failure determination unit that determines the presence or absence of a short circuit between windings of the transformer based on the excitation current at that time,
A determination notification unit that notifies the determination result of the failure determination unit;
With
The demagnetizing unit is an initial processing means for applying a DC voltage to the transformer to bring it into a positive or negative saturation state;
DC voltage application means for applying a DC voltage to the saturated transformer in a reverse direction to the saturated state,
Saturation detecting means for detecting that the iron core of the transformer is saturated;
A DC voltage opposite to that of the initial processing means is applied to the transformer saturated by the initial processing means until saturation is detected by the saturation detection means, and the iron core is saturated. A time measuring means that immediately shuts off and measures the time from the start of application of the DC voltage until the back electromotive force generated by the shutoff becomes zero;
A pulse applying means for applying a DC voltage of the same magnitude to the transformer in the same direction as the DC voltage applied by the initial processing means for half the time measured by the time measuring means;
A transformer failure determination device.   The saturation detection means determines whether or not there is saturation based on a current value of an exciting current that flows when a DC voltage is applied to the transformer by the DC voltage application means. The transformer failure determination device described. A DC voltage opposite to that of the pulse applying unit is applied to the transformer to which the DC voltage is applied by the pulse applying unit until the saturation is detected by the saturation detecting unit, and the iron core is saturated. The second time measuring means for measuring the time from the start of application of the DC voltage until the back electromotive force generated by the interruption becomes zero;
If the difference between the time measured by the second time measuring means and the time applied by the pulse applying means is within the reference, it is half the time measured by the time measuring means or measured by the second time measuring means. The demagnetization process is completed by applying a DC voltage with the pulse applying means only for a certain period of time,
3. The transformer failure determination device according to claim 1, wherein when the time difference is equal to or greater than a reference, a time for applying the DC voltage in the pulse applying unit is changed. The DC voltage applied in the opposite direction to the pulse applying means is applied to the transformer to which the DC voltage is applied by the pulse applying means until the saturation is detected by the saturation detecting means. A second time measuring means for measuring the time from the start until the back electromotive force becomes zero thereafter,
The saturation process using the DC voltage application unit and the voltage application process in the pulse application unit are performed on the positive side and the negative side, and the time is measured by the second timing unit for each, and the measurement is performed between positive and negative. If the difference in time is within the reference, the demagnetization process is completed by applying a DC voltage with the pulse applying means for only half the time measured with the time measuring means,
3. The transformer failure determination device according to claim 1, wherein when the time difference is equal to or greater than a reference, a time for applying the DC voltage in the pulse applying unit is changed.   5. Attenuating alternating current in which the magnitude of the first wave does not exceed the magnitude of the direct current voltage is applied immediately after the last applied direct current voltage. Transformer failure determination device according to item.   The transformer failure determination device according to claim 1, wherein the DC voltage power source is a battery. A failure determination device for a transformer with 3 or more terminals,
2. A disconnection determining means for measuring DC resistance between a plurality of sets of terminals, determining a ratio of DC resistance between the terminals, and determining the presence or absence of disconnection from the determined ratio. The transformer failure determination device according to any one of 6.

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