JP5447762B2 - Fuel cell parts - Google Patents

Fuel cell parts Download PDF

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JP5447762B2
JP5447762B2 JP2008077204A JP2008077204A JP5447762B2 JP 5447762 B2 JP5447762 B2 JP 5447762B2 JP 2008077204 A JP2008077204 A JP 2008077204A JP 2008077204 A JP2008077204 A JP 2008077204A JP 5447762 B2 JP5447762 B2 JP 5447762B2
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gasket
gas
cell component
seal
fuel cell
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JP2009231170A (en
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慶宏 蔵野
武史 眞坂
秀寿 佐宗
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Nok Corp
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Nok Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Description

本発明は、燃料電池セルを構成する部品であって、発電領域の周囲を密封するガスケットを一体に有するものに関する。   The present invention relates to a component constituting a fuel battery cell, which integrally has a gasket for sealing the periphery of a power generation region.

燃料電池は、高分子電解質膜（イオン交換膜）の両面に一対の触媒電極層を設けた膜電極複合体（以下ＭＥＡという）の厚さ方向両側を、セパレータで挟持した燃料電池セルを多数積層したセルスタック構造となっている。そして、酸化ガス（酸素）が各セパレータの一方の面に形成された酸化ガス流路から一方の触媒電極層（カソード）に供給され、燃料ガス（水素）が各セパレータの他方の面に形成された燃料ガス流路から他方の触媒電極層（アノード）に供給され、水の電気分解の逆反応である電気化学反応、すなわち水素と酸素から水を生成する反応によって、電力を発生するものである。   A fuel cell is made up of a number of fuel cells that are sandwiched between separators on both sides in the thickness direction of a membrane electrode assembly (hereinafter referred to as MEA) in which a pair of catalyst electrode layers are provided on both sides of a polymer electrolyte membrane (ion exchange membrane). It has a cell stack structure. Then, an oxidizing gas (oxygen) is supplied to one catalyst electrode layer (cathode) from an oxidizing gas passage formed on one surface of each separator, and a fuel gas (hydrogen) is formed on the other surface of each separator. Is supplied from the fuel gas flow path to the other catalyst electrode layer (anode) and generates electric power through an electrochemical reaction that is the reverse reaction of water electrolysis, that is, a reaction that generates water from hydrogen and oxygen. .

燃料ガスや酸化ガスが外部へリークしたり、互いに混合したりしないように、ＭＥＡの発電領域の周囲は、ガスケットによって密封されており、このガスケットは、セパレータの表面に一体に設けられてＭＥＡの表面に密接されるものがよく知られている。   The periphery of the power generation area of the MEA is sealed with a gasket so that the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas do not leak to the outside or mix with each other, and this gasket is integrally provided on the surface of the separator. What is in close contact with the surface is well known.

図５は、従来の燃料電池セル部品として、ガスケットを一体に有するセパレータの一部を示す断面図である。すなわちこの図５において、参照符号１０１は燃料電池のセパレータであって、シリコーンゴム（ＶＭＱ）、エチレンプロピレンゴム（ＥＰＤＭ）、フッ素ゴム（ＦＫＭ）、ブチルゴム（ＩＩＲ）等のゴム材料からなるガスケット１０２が設けられている。ガスケット１０２はシール突条１０２ａが形成されていて、このシール突条１０２ａが図中一点鎖線で示されるＭＥＡ１０３に圧縮状態で密接されることによって、燃料ガスや酸化ガスに対する密封を行うものである（例えば下記の特許文献１参照）。 FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a separator integrally having a gasket as a conventional fuel cell component. That is, in FIG. 5 , reference numeral 101 denotes a fuel cell separator, and a gasket 102 made of a rubber material such as silicone rubber (VMQ), ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM), fluoro rubber (FKM), butyl rubber (IIR), etc. Is provided. The gasket 102 is formed with a seal protrusion 102a, and the seal protrusion 102a is in close contact with the MEA 103 indicated by a one-dot chain line in the drawing in a compressed state, thereby sealing against fuel gas or oxidizing gas ( For example, see Patent Document 1 below).

ガスケット１０２は、圧縮に対する反力が大きいと、セルスタック全体としての締付荷重が著しく大きくなってしまうため、低反力化が要求されており、このためガスケット１０２（シール突条１０２ａ）の断面積を小さくする必要がある。また、シリコーンゴムやＥＰＤＭは安価ではあるものの、燃料ガス（水素）の不透過性は劣るため、ガスケット１０２の断面積を小さくすると燃料ガスの透過漏れが大きくなって、発電効率の低下を来たすばかりでなく、漏れた燃料ガスによる危険性も増大するおそれがある。   If the reaction force against the compression of the gasket 102 is large, the tightening load as the whole cell stack becomes remarkably large, and therefore, a low reaction force is required. For this reason, the gasket 102 (seal ridge 102a) is cut off. It is necessary to reduce the area. Silicone rubber and EPDM are inexpensive, but the impermeability of fuel gas (hydrogen) is inferior. Therefore, if the cross-sectional area of the gasket 102 is reduced, the permeation leakage of the fuel gas increases, resulting in a decrease in power generation efficiency. In addition, there is a risk that the danger due to the leaked fuel gas may increase.

したがって、燃料ガスの透過漏れを抑制するため、ガスケット１０２を、シリコーンゴムやＥＰＤＭの外側を燃料ガス不透過性に優れたフッ素ゴムやブチルゴムで被覆した構造とすることも提案されているが（例えば特許文献２参照）、生産コストが高くなり、生産効率が低下するといった問題が指摘される。
特開２００１−３３２２７５号公報 特開２００４−５５４２８号公報 Therefore, in order to suppress permeation leakage of fuel gas, it has been proposed that the gasket 102 has a structure in which the outer side of silicone rubber or EPDM is covered with fluorine rubber or butyl rubber having excellent fuel gas impermeability (for example, (Refer to patent document 2), the problem that production cost becomes high and production efficiency falls is pointed out.
JP 2001-332275 A JP 2004-55428 A

本発明は、以上のような点に鑑みてなされたものであって、その技術的課題は、ガスケットを一体に有する燃料電池セル部品において、ガスケットの材質がガス不透過性に劣るものであっても、ガスの透過漏れを極力減少させることにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the technical problem thereof is that the gasket material is inferior in gas impermeability in a fuel cell part integrally having a gasket. It is also to reduce the gas permeation leakage as much as possible.

上述した技術的課題を有効に解決するための手段として、請求項１の発明に係る燃料電池セル部品は、板状のセル部品本体と、このセル部品本体の表面にゴム材料又はゴム状弾性を有する合成樹脂材料で一体的に成形されたガスケットからなり、前記ガスケットが、適当に圧縮された状態で他のセル部品に密接されるシール突条と、このシール突条よりも幅が大きく、かつ前記シール突条よりも小さな圧縮率で圧縮された状態で前記他のセル部品に密接される平坦シール部と、前記シール突条と平坦シール部の間の谷部を備えるものである。この構成によれば、ガスケットが、シール突条及びこのシール突条よりも幅の大きい平坦シール部を有することによって、ガスの透過距離が長くなるので、ガスの透過圧力が有効に減衰されて透過漏れが減少する。しかも平坦シール部の圧縮率がシール突条の圧縮率より小さいため、圧縮に対するガスケットの反力が抑えられる。 As a means for effectively solving the above technical problem, a fuel cell component according to the invention of claim 1 includes a plate-shaped cell component body and a rubber material or rubber-like elasticity on the surface of the cell component body. A gasket integrally molded with a synthetic resin material having a seal ridge that is in close contact with other cell parts in a properly compressed state, and a width larger than the seal ridge, and A flat seal portion that is in close contact with the other cell components in a state of being compressed at a compression rate smaller than that of the seal protrusion, and a trough between the seal protrusion and the flat seal portion . According to this configuration, since the gasket has the seal protrusion and the flat seal portion having a width wider than the seal protrusion, the gas permeation distance becomes long, so that the gas permeation pressure is effectively attenuated and permeated. Leakage is reduced. And since the compression rate of a flat seal part is smaller than the compression rate of a seal protrusion, the reaction force of the gasket with respect to compression is suppressed.

本発明に係る燃料電池セル部品によれば、ガスケットの材質がガス不透過性に劣るものであっても、ガスの透過距離が長くなることによって、ガスケットの圧縮に対する反力の上昇を抑えつつガスの透過漏れを有効に抑制することができる。またこのため、生産コストの上昇を防止することができる。   According to the fuel cell component of the present invention, even if the material of the gasket is inferior in gas impermeability, the gas permeation distance is increased, so that an increase in reaction force against the compression of the gasket is suppressed. Can be effectively suppressed. For this reason, an increase in production cost can be prevented.

また、シール突条と平坦シール部が互いに連続した密接面を形成することによって、ガスの透過距離を一層長くしてガスの透過漏れ抑制効果を向上することができる。   Further, by forming a close contact surface in which the seal protrusion and the flat seal portion are continuous with each other, the gas permeation distance can be further increased and the gas permeation suppression effect can be improved.

以下、本発明に係る燃料電池セル部品の好ましい実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。まず図１は、本発明に係る燃料電池セル部品の第一の形態を示す未圧縮状態の要部断面図、図２は、圧縮状態の要部断面図である。   Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a fuel cell component according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part in an uncompressed state showing a first form of a fuel cell component according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part in a compressed state.

すなわち、第一の形態による燃料電池セル部品は、図１に示されるように、導電性を有するカーボン又は金属製のセパレータ１と、このセパレータ１の表面に、シリコーンゴム（ＶＭＱ）やエチレンプロピレンゴム（ＥＰＤＭ）等のゴム材料又はゴム状弾性を有する合成樹脂材料で一体的に成形されたガスケット２からなる。なお、セパレータ１は請求項１に記載されたセル部品本体に相当するものである。   That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the fuel battery cell component according to the first embodiment includes a carbon or metal separator 1 having conductivity, and silicone rubber (VMQ) or ethylene propylene rubber on the surface of the separator 1. The gasket 2 is integrally formed of a rubber material such as (EPDM) or a synthetic resin material having rubber-like elasticity. The separator 1 corresponds to the cell component main body described in claim 1.

ガスケット２は、断面が山形のシール突条２１と、セパレータ１の表面からの標高（肉厚）ｈ２がシール突条２１の標高ｈ１よりも低く、幅ｗ２がシール突条２１の幅ｗ１よりも大きく、上面が平坦な平坦シール部２２とを備え、シール突条２１と平坦シール部２２との間は谷部２３となっている。 The gasket 2 has a chevron-shaped seal ridge 21, an altitude (thickness) h 2 from the surface of the separator 1 is lower than the altitude h 1 of the seal ridge 21, and a width w 2 is the width of the seal ridge 21. The flat seal portion 22 is larger than w 1 and has a flat upper surface, and a valley portion 23 is formed between the seal protrusion 21 and the flat seal portion 22.

セルスタックとしての組立状態では、図２に示されるように、ガスケット２におけるシール突条２１が密封対象ガス（特に燃料ガス）Ｇ側、平坦シール部２２がその外側（密封対象ガスＧと反対側）に位置する。そしてシール突条２１及び平坦シール部２２は、適当に圧縮された状態で膜電極複合体（以下ＭＥＡという）３の表面に密接されるもので、上述のようにｈ１＞ｈ２であるため、平坦シール部２２の圧縮率はシール突条２１の圧縮率よりも小さい。好ましくは、シール突条２１の圧縮率は２０〜５０％、平坦シール部２２の圧縮率は１〜１０％とする。なお、ＭＥＡ３は請求項１に記載された他のセル部品に相当するものである。 In the assembled state as the cell stack, as shown in FIG. 2, the seal protrusion 21 in the gasket 2 is on the gas to be sealed (especially fuel gas) G side, and the flat seal portion 22 is on the outside (opposite side to the gas to be sealed G). ). The seal protrusion 21 and the flat seal portion 22 are in close contact with the surface of the membrane electrode assembly (hereinafter referred to as MEA) 3 in an appropriately compressed state, and h 1 > h 2 as described above. The compression rate of the flat seal portion 22 is smaller than the compression rate of the seal protrusion 21. Preferably, the compression rate of the seal protrusion 21 is 20 to 50%, and the compression rate of the flat seal portion 22 is 1 to 10%. The MEA 3 corresponds to another cell component described in claim 1.

上記構成を備える第一の形態の燃料電池セル部品によれば、シール突条２１は圧縮率が相対的に大きいため、密封対象ガスＧに対する密封性が高いものとなっており、しかも密封対象ガスＧがこのシール突条２１を僅かに透過して谷部２３による隙間へ達しても、その外側にはシール突条２１よりも幅の大きい（ｗ１＜ｗ２）平坦シール部２２が存在し、適当な圧縮状態でＭＥＡ３に密接していることによってガスＧの透過圧力が有効に減衰されるので、透過漏れが減少する。このため、特に燃料ガスの透過漏れによる発電効率の低下や、漏れた燃料ガスによる危険性の増大を有効に抑えることができる。 According to the fuel cell component of the first embodiment having the above-described configuration, the sealing protrusion 21 has a relatively high compressibility, so that the sealing property against the sealing target gas G is high, and the sealing target gas Even if G passes through the seal protrusion 21 slightly and reaches the gap formed by the valley 23, the flat seal part 22 having a width larger than the seal protrusion 21 (w 1 <w 2 ) exists on the outside thereof. Since the permeation pressure of the gas G is effectively attenuated by being in close contact with the MEA 3 in an appropriate compression state, permeation leakage is reduced. For this reason, especially the fall of the power generation efficiency by the permeation | transmission leak of fuel gas and the increase in the danger by the leaked fuel gas can be suppressed effectively.

またこのため、ガスケット２の材料としてシリコーンゴムやエチレンプロピレンゴムなど、燃料ガスに対する不透過性は高くないが比較的安価なゴム材料を使用できるので、生産コストも低く抑えることができる。   For this reason, the rubber 2 can be made of a relatively inexpensive rubber material such as silicone rubber or ethylene propylene rubber, which is not so impermeable to the fuel gas, so that the production cost can be kept low.

また、平坦シール部２２の圧縮率がシール突条２１の圧縮率よりも十分に小さいため、圧縮に対するガスケット２の反力の増大が抑えられる。したがって、セルスタック全体としての締付荷重も抑えられる。   Moreover, since the compression rate of the flat seal part 22 is sufficiently smaller than the compression rate of the seal protrusion 21, an increase in the reaction force of the gasket 2 against the compression can be suppressed. Therefore, the tightening load of the entire cell stack can also be suppressed.

次に図３は、本発明に係る燃料電池セル部品の第二の形態を示す未圧縮状態の要部断面図、図４は、圧縮状態の要部断面図である。   Next, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part in an uncompressed state showing a second form of the fuel battery cell component according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a main part in the compressed state.

第二の形態による燃料電池セル部品において、上述した第一の形態と異なるところは、シール突条２１の圧縮率が２０〜５０％、平坦シール部２２の圧縮率が１〜１０％となるようにガスケット２を圧縮したときに、図４に示されるように、シール突条２１及び平坦シール部２２の変形によってその間の谷部２３が埋まってしまう程度に、谷部２３を浅く形成したことにある。その他の部分は、第一の形態と同様に構成されている。   In the fuel cell component according to the second embodiment, the difference from the first embodiment described above is that the compression rate of the seal protrusion 21 is 20 to 50% and the compression rate of the flat seal portion 22 is 1 to 10%. As shown in FIG. 4, when the gasket 2 is compressed, the valley portion 23 is shallowly formed so that the valley portion 23 between the seal protrusion 21 and the flat seal portion 22 is buried. is there. Other portions are configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

このようにすれば、ＭＥＡ３に対してシール突条２１及び平坦シール部２２が互いに連続した密接面を形成するので、密封対象ガスＧの透過距離Ｌが一層長くなり、ガスＧの透過漏れ抑制効果を向上することができる。   In this way, since the seal protrusion 21 and the flat seal portion 22 form a continuous contact surface with respect to the MEA 3, the permeation distance L of the gas G to be sealed is further increased, and the gas G permeation suppression effect is suppressed. Can be improved.

本発明に係る燃料電池セル部品の第一の形態を示す未圧縮状態の要部断面図である。It is principal part sectional drawing of the uncompressed state which shows the 1st form of the fuel cell component which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る燃料電池セル部品の第一の形態を示す圧縮状態の要部断面図である。It is principal part sectional drawing of the compression state which shows the 1st form of the fuel battery cell component which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る燃料電池セル部品の第二の形態を示す未圧縮状態の要部断面図である。It is principal part sectional drawing of the uncompressed state which shows the 2nd form of the fuel battery cell component which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る燃料電池セル部品の第二の形態を示す圧縮状態の要部断面図である。It is principal part sectional drawing of the compression state which shows the 2nd form of the fuel cell component which concerns on this invention. 従来の燃料電池セル部品として、ガスケットを一体に有するセパレータの一部を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows a part of separator which has a gasket integrally as a conventional fuel cell component.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ セパレータ（セル部品本体）
２ ガスケット
２１ シール突条
２２ 平坦シール部
２３ 谷部
３ ＭＥＡ（他のセル部品）
Ｇ 密封対象ガス 1 Separator (cell component body)
2 Gasket 21 Seal protrusion 22 Flat seal part 23 Valley part 3 MEA (other cell parts)
G Gas to be sealed

Claims (1)

板状のセル部品本体と、このセル部品本体の表面にゴム材料又はゴム状弾性を有する合成樹脂材料で一体的に成形されたガスケットからなり、前記ガスケットが、適当に圧縮された状態で他のセル部品に密接されるシール突条と、このシール突条よりも幅が大きく、かつ前記シール突条よりも小さな圧縮率で圧縮された状態で前記他のセル部品に密接される平坦シール部と、前記シール突条と平坦シール部の間の谷部を備えることを特徴とする燃料電池セル部品。 A plate-shaped cell component body and a gasket integrally molded with a rubber material or a synthetic resin material having rubber-like elasticity on the surface of the cell component body. a sealing protrusion that is closely to the cell components, and a flat sealing portion which is close to the other cells components while the larger width than the sealing protrusion, and compressed with a small compression ratio than the sealing protrusion A fuel cell component comprising a trough between the seal protrusion and the flat seal portion .
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JP2006004799A (en) * 2004-06-18 2006-01-05 Nok Corp Gasket for fuel cell
JP2006228590A (en) * 2005-02-18 2006-08-31 Nok Corp Sealing structure for fuel cell
JP5062389B2 (en) * 2005-07-15 2012-10-31 Ｎｏｋ株式会社 Fuel cell and manufacturing method thereof

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