JP5445345B2 - Steel bar for steering rack bar and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a steel bar for a steering rack bar used in a steering mechanism of an automobile and a method for manufacturing the same.

  The steering mechanism is a device that controls the traveling direction of the automobile, and if it fails, a serious accident may occur. In this mechanism, the steering rack bar plays a framework role to connect the left and right wheels. For this reason, the steering rack bar is required not to be able to be steered by causing a brittle fracture even when a large load is applied during traveling.

  In order to satisfy the above requirements, the steering rack bar is required to have a bending strength that can withstand a large load during traveling. Using a steel material obtained by hot working, the tooth profile is cut after being subjected to heat treatment for quenching and tempering. The tooth profile is manufactured by induction hardening.

  By applying quenching and tempering heat treatment, high toughness can be achieved and high bending strength can be ensured, and by induction hardening, the wear resistance of the tooth profile can be enhanced.

  However, the load on the steering rack bar is also increasing due to the downsizing of the steering mechanism accompanying the promotion of weight reduction of automobiles against the backdrop of the prevention of global warming in recent years and the high output of the engine.

  For this reason, it is possible to further enhance the strength, toughness and other characteristics of the steering rack bar, and it is desired to develop a steel material for a steering rack bar suitable as a material for the steering rack bar, in particular, a steel bar for the steering rack bar. Yes.

  For this reason, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 propose steel materials that are accompanied by induction hardening and are excellent in bending strength and / or impact characteristics.

  That is, in Patent Document 1, “steering rack steel” having excellent bending characteristics, specifically, by mass%, C: 0.40 to 0.60%, Si: 0.05 to 0.50%, It contains Mn: 0.05 to 1.50% and S: 0.004 to 0.100%, and, as other elements, Cr: 1.5% or less (not including 0%), Al: 0 .0005 to 0.10%, and N: at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.002 to 0.020%, and if necessary, B: 0.0005 to 0020%, Alone or together with Ti: 0.005 to 0.050%, the balance is a steel bar composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, and by quenching and short-time tempering, the depth D / 4 (D is The quenching and tempering structure of the part (showing the diameter of the steel bar) Steel for steering racks with excellent bending characteristics, wherein the tempered bainite structure and tempered martensite structure are adjusted to 20 to 100% (area percentage) in total and “regenerated pearlite structure is 0 to 50% (area percentage)” Is disclosed. Further, the steel material having the above chemical components is rolled, and the obtained steel bar is heated to a temperature of 820 ° C. or higher, controlled to be cooled to room temperature by water cooling, and then placed in a furnace heated to an ambient temperature of 680 ° C. or higher. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing “steering rack steel with excellent bending properties” that is tempered for a short time of less than a minute and air cooled to room temperature.

  Patent Document 2 states that “high-frequency hardened steel with excellent bending characteristics” that does not break brittlely even when an excessive load is applied statically or dynamically, specifically, in mass%, C: 0 .30 to 0.60%, Si: 0.50% or less, Mn: 0.20 to 2.0%, B: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, N: 0.020% or less, Ti: 0.0. 1% or less, and the content ratio of Ti and N is 3.42 ≦ Ti / N ≦ 8.0. If necessary, Ni, Mo, V, Cr, Nb, Zr, Ta, Al, A steel for induction hardening excellent in bending characteristics, characterized by containing one or more of S, Pb, Bi, Te, and Ca and comprising the balance Fe and inevitable impurities, is disclosed.

  In Patent Document 3, “steel material for induction hardening” that can ensure bending fatigue strength equal to or higher than that in the case of carburizing and quenching by induction hardening, specifically, by mass%, C: 0.35 to 0.65 %, Si: 0.50% or less, Mn: 0.65 to 2.00%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.003 to 0.080%, Mo: 0.05 to 0.50% , Al: 0.10% or less, N: 0.0070% or less, and O: 0.0020% or less, B: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, Ti: 0.045% as necessary And 3.4N to (3.4N + 0.02)%, Cu: 0.20% or less, Ni: 0.20% or less, Cr: 0.20% or less, Nb: 0.30% or less, V: 0.20% or less, Ca: 0.01% or less, Pb: 0.30% or less, Bi: 0.03% or less And Te: containing one or more of 0.10% or less, the balance being Fe and impurities, and martensite is a structure occupying 70% or more of the area fraction, for induction hardening Steel is disclosed.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-166036 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-8189 JP 2007-131871 A

  The steel for steering racks proposed in Patent Document 1 and the steel for induction hardening proposed in Patent Document 2 have excellent bending strength and stably suppress brittle fracture when a bending load is applied. This is not necessarily a technology that can ensure the performance.

  The technology proposed in Patent Document 3 can ensure bending fatigue strength equal to or higher than that of carburizing and quenching even when the conventional carburizing and quenching is changed to induction quenching to increase production efficiency. It can be suitably used as a material for construction machine parts. However, the inclusion of 0.05 to 0.5% Mo is essential. For this reason, in the situation where Mo price has soared recently, when a large amount of Mo is contained, the alloy cost increases, and it does not necessarily meet the demand for reduction of the alloy cost from the industry. Sometimes.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and its purpose is excellent in bending strength without necessarily containing Mo, and it is possible to suppress brittle fracture when a bending load is applied, To provide a steel bar for a steering rack bar that can be suitably used as a material for the steering rack bar and a method for manufacturing the same.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors considered that the primary purpose is to find a condition that does not break brittlely when a bending load is applied. And if the structure of the steel bar before cutting the tooth profile part on the steering rack bar is controlled, a bending load is applied to the steering rack bar finished by subjecting the tooth profile part to induction hardening, and a crack is generated. It was concluded that the crack growth stopped and could not be brittlely fractured.

  Therefore, the present inventors conducted various investigations and studies on the chemical composition and structure of the steel bars for steering rack bars.

  As a result, the following items (a) to (e) became clear.

  (A) A crack generated when an external force such as an impact is applied to a steering rack bar whose surface has been hardened by induction hardening is generated from the outermost layer portion, particularly the tooth bottom of the tooth profile portion, which has been induction hardened. Therefore, improvement of the initial crack initiation limit stress leads to improvement of the bending strength of the steering rack bar.

  (B) In order to improve the initial crack initiation limit stress, it is necessary to improve the strength of the material and strengthen the grain boundaries of the induction-hardened portion. In order to improve the material strength, the solid solution strengthening effect and the hardenability improving effect by C, Mn and Cr are utilized. Furthermore, Nb is contained and crystal grains of Nb carbide, nitride or carbonitride are contained. It is effective to utilize the miniaturization action. In order to suppress the segregation of P, which embrittles the grain boundaries, to the austenite grain boundaries, B is added, and Mo is contained. Suppressing the content and adjusting the content of Ti, and further adjusting the content of S at which the grain boundary segregation becomes prominent and the grain boundary strength decreases when the content is excessive. Consider it.

  (C) A crack generated from the outermost layer portion of the induction hardening due to the application of external force propagates and propagates from the surface layer to the inside, leading to final damage. Therefore, in order to suppress crack propagation and prevent breakage, it is necessary to reduce the propagation speed of the crack and increase resistance to propagation. For this purpose, utilizing the toughness of the internal tissue is an effective means.

  (D) The boundary between the induction hardened portion and the internal structure in the tooth bottom of the steering rack bar is the material before cutting the tooth profile, that is, the steel bar before cutting the tooth profile after heat treatment for quenching and tempering. , D is the diameter of the steel bar, and the depth from the surface corresponds to the D / 4 position. For this reason, in order to stop the growth of the initial crack, it is necessary to improve the toughness at the D / 4 position immediately below the initial crack, that is, the depth from the above surface. And in order to improve the toughness in said position, it is important to make the area fraction of the martensitic structure after a quenching process higher, and to refine the prior austenite grains further. This is because when the area fraction of martensite is low or when the prior austenite grains are coarsened, the toughness of the internal structure is insufficient even after subsequent tempering, so the initial crack growth does not stop and the steering rack This is because the bar will be damaged.

  (E) The steering rack bar is subjected to cutting such as gear cutting. For this reason, the steel bar for a steering rack bar as a raw material may contain a free-cutting element such as S in order to improve machinability. However, since free-cutting elements exist in steel alone or as compounds with other elements, the mechanical properties of the material may be reduced. Therefore, it is important to control the amount of free-cutting elements when they are included.

  The present invention has been completed based on the above findings, and the gist of the present invention is a steering rack bar steel bar shown in the following [1] to [3] and a method for manufacturing a steering rack bar steel bar shown in [4]. It is in.

[1] By mass%
C: 0.37 to 0.48%,
Si: more than 0.15% and less than 0.30%,
Mn: 0.60 to 1.10%,
P: 0.03% or less,
S: 0.020-0.070%,
Cr: 0.05-0.20%,
B: 0.0005 to 0.0050%,
N: 0.010% or less,
Ti: 0.005 to 0.10%,
A steel bar containing Al: 0.005 to 0.050% and O: 0.0020% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities,
The structure having a depth of D / 4 from the surface satisfies the following 1) and 2):
A steel bar for a steering rack bar.
1) The martensite structure after quenching is 70% or more in area fraction. 2) The average grain size number of prior austenite is 7 or more, where D represents the diameter of the steel bar.

[2] Instead of a part of Fe, by mass%, Mo: 0.05% or less,
The steel bar for a steering rack bar as described in [1] above.

[3] Instead of part of Fe, Nb: 0.20% or less in mass%,
The steel bar for a steering rack bar according to the above [1] or [2], wherein

[4] The following treatments <1> and <2> are sequentially performed on the steel material having the chemical component according to any one of [1] to [3].
The method for manufacturing a steel bar for a steering rack bar according to any one of [1] to [3] above.
<1> Processing into round steel satisfying Dc of the following formula (1).
<2> Quenching after heating to the temperature Q ° C. satisfying the following formula (2).
Dx = 8.64 × C ^0.5 × (1 + 0.64 × Si) × (1 + 4.1 × Mn) × (1 + 2.33 × Cr) × {1 + 1.50 × (0.90−C)} × (1 + 3. 14 × Mo) ≧ 5.5 × Dc ^0.7 (1)
(Ti-3.4N) /Q≧2.50×10 ⁻⁵ (2)
However, the element symbol in the formulas (1) and (2) represents the content in mass% of the element, and “Dc” in the formula (1) represents the diameter (mm) of the round steel. Furthermore, the heating temperature Q is set to a value of 780 to 900 ° C.

  The “impurities” in the remaining “Fe and impurities” refers to those mixed from ore, scrap, or the environment as raw materials when industrially producing steel materials.

  The “average particle size number of prior austenite” means that the structure with a depth of D / 4 from the surface after quenching is corroded with a picric acid alcohol solution in accordance with JIS G 0551 (2005) and cut. It refers to the particle number determined by the law.

  “Processing” applied to round steel means at least one of “hot processing” such as hot forging and hot rolling, “heat treatment” such as normalization, and “machining” such as peeling. means.

  The steel bar for a steering rack bar of the present invention is suitable for use as a material for a steering rack bar because it has excellent bending strength and can suppress brittle fracture when a bending load is applied. This steel bar for a steering rack bar can be manufactured by the method of the present invention.

It is a figure explaining the shape of the test piece extract | collected from the steel bar which carried out the drawing processing by the 3 point | piece bending test piece used in the Example, (a) is a front view (overall view), (b) is a side view, c) is an enlarged view of the tooth profile portion in a cross-sectional area. The unit of the dimension in the figure is “mm”. It is a figure which illustrates typically the method of the 3 point | piece bending test performed in the Example. It is a figure which illustrates typically the relationship between the "pushing amount" and the "bending load" of a pushing pin in a three-point bending test.

  Hereinafter, each requirement of the present invention will be described in detail. In addition, “%” of the content of each element means “mass%”.

(A) Chemical composition:
C: 0.37 to 0.48%
C ensures the strength and hardenability of the steel, and has the effect of obtaining the desired surface hardness and hardened layer depth for the hardened layer after induction hardening. However, if the content is less than 0.37%, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the C content exceeds 0.48%, not only the surface hardness is saturated, but also the toughness of the hardened layer is deteriorated, and the bending strength of the rack bar is remarkably deteriorated. Therefore, the content of C is set to 0.37 to 0.48%. In addition, in order to acquire the said effect stably, it is preferable that content of C shall be 0.42% or more.

Si: more than 0.15% and less than 0.30% Si has an effect of enhancing the deoxidizing action and hardenability. In order to secure such an effect, it is necessary to contain Si in an amount exceeding 0.15%. However, when the Si content is 0.30% or more, the machinability of the rack bar is remarkably deteriorated. Therefore, the Si content is more than 0.15% and less than 0.30%.

Mn: 0.60 to 1.10%
Mn has the effect of securing the strength and hardenability of the steel and increasing the bending strength of the rack bar. However, if the Mn content is less than 0.60%, the desired effect due to the above action cannot be obtained. On the other hand, even if Mn is contained in an amount exceeding 1.10%, the above effects are saturated, the cost is increased, the machinability of the rack bar is deteriorated, and cracking is likely to occur during induction hardening. Therefore, the content of Mn is set to 0.60 to 1.10%. The Mn content is preferably 0.70% or more and 0.90% or less.

P: 0.03% or less P segregates at the austenite grain boundary during induction hardening, and deteriorates the toughness of the hardened layer after induction hardening. In particular, when the content exceeds 0.03%, the influence becomes significant. Therefore, the content of P is set to 0.03% or less. Note that the P content is preferably 0.015% or less, and more preferably 0.010% or less.

S: 0.020-0.070%
S combines with Mn to form MnS and has an effect of improving the machinability of the rack bar. However, if the content is less than 0.020%, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, S segregates at the crystal grain boundaries to lower the grain boundary strength, and lowers the toughness of steel, that is, the bending strength of the rack bar. In particular, when the S content exceeds 0.070%, the bending strength of the rack bar is significantly reduced. Therefore, the content of S is set to 0.020 to 0.070%. In addition, in order to exhibit the said machinability improvement effect, it is preferable that content of S shall be 0.040% or more.

Cr: 0.05-0.20%
Cr, like C and Mn, has the effect of securing the strength and hardenability of steel and increasing the bending strength of the rack bar. However, if the Cr content is less than 0.05%, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Cr content exceeds 0.20%, quench cracking is likely to occur during induction hardening. Therefore, the content of Cr is set to 0.05 to 0.20%.

B: 0.0005 to 0.0050%
B has the effect of suppressing the segregation of P to the grain boundary to strengthen the grain boundary and improving the toughness of the steel, particularly the toughness of the hardened layer during induction hardening. Moreover, it also has the effect | action which improves the induction hardenability of steel. These actions contribute to improving the bending strength of the rack bar, and the effect is remarkable when the B content is 0.0005% or more. However, even if it contains B exceeding 0.0050%, the said effect is saturated and cost increases. Moreover, if the B content exceeds 0.0050%, a harmful B-based compound is generated, and the toughness of the steel, that is, the bending strength of the rack bar is reduced. Therefore, the content of B is set to 0.0005 to 0.0050%. The B content is preferably 0.0010% or more and 0.0030% or less.

  Even in the case of containing B in the above range, induction hardenability cannot be improved if B is combined with N present as an impurity in steel to form BN. Therefore, in order to exhibit the effect of improving the induction hardenability of B, it is preferable to reduce N present as an impurity in the steel as much as possible.

N: 0.010% or less N has a large affinity with B, Al, Ti and the like, and although it can be expected to prevent grain coarsening during induction hardening of AlN and TiN, it combines with B in the steel to form BN In the case of forming, the effect of enhancing the induction hardenability of B cannot be secured sufficiently. In particular, when the N content exceeds 0.010%, the above-described adverse effects due to BN formation become significant. Therefore, the N content is set to 0.010% or less. In addition, from the point of ensuring the favorable induction hardenability by B, it is preferable to reduce N content as much as possible.

Ti: 0.005-0.10%
Ti is an element effective in suppressing the formation of BN by preferentially bonding with N present as an impurity in steel and ensuring the effect of improving the induction hardenability of B. In order to obtain this effect, it is necessary to contain 0.005% or more of Ti. Ti also has the effect of preventing crystal grain coarsening during quenching heating by forming TiN by combining with Ti. However, when the Ti content is too high, it combines with C in the steel to form a carbide, so that the induction hardenability is reduced and the toughness of the induction hardened hardened layer is also reduced. Invite. In particular, when the Ti content increases and exceeds 0.10%, the induction hardenability and the toughness of the hardened layer are significantly reduced, that is, the bending strength of the rack bar is lowered. Therefore, the content of Ti is set to 0.005 to 0.10%. Note that the Ti content is preferably 0.02% or more and 0.07% or less.

Al: 0.005 to 0.050%
Al, like Si, has a deoxidizing action, and AlN combined with N in steel also has an action of preventing crystal grain coarsening during induction hardening. However, if the Al content is less than 0.005%, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Al content exceeds 0.05%, the effect is saturated and the cost is increased, and the induction hardenability of the steel is significantly lowered. Therefore, the content of Al is set to 0.005 to 0.050%.

O: 0.0020% or less O (oxygen) combines with elements in steel to form an oxide, which causes a reduction in the bending strength of the rack bar. In particular, when the O content exceeds 0.0020%, more oxide is formed and MnS is coarsened, so that the bending strength of the rack bar is significantly reduced. Therefore, the content of O is set to 0.0020% or less.

  One of the steel bars for a steering rack bar of the present invention is such that its chemical component is the above element, and the balance is Fe and impurities.

  Another one of the steel bars for the steering rack bar of the present invention is that whose chemical component contains one or more elements of Mo and Nb instead of a part of Fe if necessary. Also good. Hereinafter, the effect of these arbitrary elements and the reason for limiting the content will be described.

Mo: 0.05% or less Mo, like C and Mn, has an effect of enhancing the hardenability of steel. Mo also has the effect of suppressing the segregation of impurity elements such as P and improving the grain boundary strength. These actions contribute to improving the bending strength of the rack bar. However, since Mo is an expensive element, its cost increases due to its inclusion. In particular, when the content exceeds 0.05%, the cost increases remarkably. Therefore, the amount of Mo in the case of inclusion is set to 0.05% or less. In addition, it is preferable that content of Mo in the case of making it contain is 0.04% or less.

Nb: 0.20% or less Nb has the effect of forming carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides to refine crystal grains and increasing the strength of the steel, that is, increasing the bending strength of the rack bar. However, if the Nb content exceeds 0.20%, the crystal grains are coarsened, the bending strength of the rack bar is lowered, and the machinability of the rack bar is deteriorated. Therefore, the amount of Nb in the case of inclusion is set to 0.20% or less. When Nb is included, the Nb content is preferably 0.10% or less.

  On the other hand, in order to reliably obtain the effect of Nb described above, the amount of Nb in the case of inclusion is preferably 0.02% or more.

(B) Structure having a depth of D / 4 from the surface:
The boundary between the induction hardened portion and the internal structure of the tooth bottom of the steering rack bar is D in the material before cutting the tooth profile, that is, in the steel bar before cutting the tooth profile after heat treatment for quenching and tempering. As the diameter of the steel bar, the depth from the surface corresponds to the D / 4 position.

  Therefore, when an initial crack is generated at the induction hardening portion in the bottom of the steering rack bar, in order to stop the progress of the initial crack, the depth immediately below the initial crack, that is, the depth from the surface is D / It is necessary to improve the toughness at the four positions. And the toughness in said position can be improved by making the area fraction of a martensite structure high and making the prior austenite grain finer.

In particular,
1) The martensite structure after quenching is 70% or more in area fraction,
2) If the average grain size number of the prior austenite is 7 or more, the depth from the surface described above can improve the toughness at the D / 4 position, so that the initial crack generated in the induction hardening portion is retained. It is possible.

  Any other structure may be used as long as the martensite structure after the quenching treatment has an area fraction of 70% or more.

  Note that the toughness at a depth of D / 4 from the surface described above indicates that the higher the area fraction of the martensite structure after the quenching treatment, and the larger the average grain size number of the prior austenite, in other words, austenite. The smaller the grain, the better.

  For this reason, the area fraction of the martensite structure after quenching is most preferably 100%. On the other hand, about austenite grains, the average particle size number of about 11 is the limit in industrial production.

(C) Steering rack bar steel bar manufacturing method:
The microstructure of the steel bar for a steering rack bar of the present invention described in the previous section can be easily obtained, for example, by sequentially performing the following treatments <1> and <2> on a steel material having the chemical components already described. Can do.

<1> Processing into round steel satisfying Dc in formula (1):
The steel material having the chemical components already described is [Dx = 8.64 × C ^0.5 × (1 + 0.64 × Si) × (1 + 4.1 × Mn) × (1 + 2.33 × Cr) × {1 + 1.50 × ( 0.90-C)} × (1 + 3.14 × Mo) ≧ 5.5 × Dc ^0.7 (1)] It is preferable to process into a round steel for heat treatment that satisfies the following formula.

  However, the element symbol in the above formula (1) represents the content in mass% of the element, and “Dc” represents the diameter (mm) of the round steel.

As described in the section (B), it is necessary to utilize the toughness of the internal structure in order to stop the progress of the initial crack generated at the induction hardening portion in the tooth bottom of the steering rack bar. The tissue at the D / 4 position from the surface is the aforementioned,
1) It is necessary that the martensite structure after the quenching process satisfies the condition that the area fraction is 70% or more.

  In order to increase the area fraction of the martensite structure, it is essential to improve the hardenability of the steel. However, since the steering rack bar is used in various sizes (diameters), the minimum required for the steel for each size. Hardenability is different.

  However, if the steel material is processed so as to satisfy Dc of the above formula (1), sufficient hardenability is ensured by performing the treatment <2> described later, and the depth from the surface is D / 4. The structure at the position can satisfy the above condition 1), which improves toughness. Thereafter, tempering is performed, and the initial crack generated in the induction hardening portion can be retained.

  “Processing” for making round steel is at least one of “hot processing” such as hot forging and hot rolling, “heat treatment” such as normalization, and “machining” such as peeling. Can be done.

<2> Quenching after heating to a temperature Q ° C. satisfying the formula (2):
After processing into round steel satisfying Dc of formula (1) in <1> above, the formula of [(Ti-3.4N) /Q≧2.5×10 ⁻⁵ (2)] is satisfied It is preferable to quench after heating to a temperature of Q ° C. In order to satisfy the above condition 1), it is desirable that the quenching method is water quenching (hereinafter referred to as “WQ”), but if this condition is satisfied, the quenching method is not limited. If the area fraction of the martensite structure can be ensured by quenching by oil quenching (hereinafter referred to as “OQ”), the bending strength required for the steering rack bar can be ensured as in the case of quenching by WQ.

  However, the element symbol in the above formula (2) indicates the content in mass% of the element, and the heating temperature Q has a value of 780 to 900 ° C.

As already mentioned in section (B), it is necessary to utilize the toughness of the internal structure in order to stop the progress of the initial crack generated in the induction hardening part in the bottom of the steering rack bar. Is the above-mentioned structure in which the depth from the surface is D / 4,
2) It is also necessary to satisfy the condition that the average grain size number of the prior austenite is 7 or more.

  That is, in addition to the area fraction of the martensite structure, the average grain size number of the prior austenite after quenching has a great influence on the toughness, and the average grain size number of the prior austenite becomes smaller. If it becomes larger, the toughness is lowered, so that it becomes difficult to stop the progress of the initial crack generated in the induction hardening portion in the bottom of the steering rack bar.

  However, if it is quenched after heating to a temperature Q ° C. that satisfies the formula (2), it is possible to prevent grain coarsening by TiN in which N in the steel is combined with Ti, and further, crystals caused by excessive increase in the quenching temperature. Since coarsening can be prevented and toughness can be improved, the initial crack generated in the induction hardening portion can be retained.

  When the heating temperature Q is lower than 780 ° C., a uniform austenite structure may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the heating temperature exceeds 900 ° C., the heating temperature is too high, so that it becomes a coarse martensite structure, becomes brittle, and fire cracks easily occur.

  The heating time at the heating temperature Q is preferably 30 min or more for heating until the D / 4 position becomes equal to the furnace temperature, and on the other hand, 60 min or less is preferable for suppressing an increase in manufacturing cost. .

  The steel bar for the steering rack bar of the present invention is further tempered, and then the tooth profile portion is cut and subjected to induction hardening to produce the steering rack bar. Tempering is preferably performed in a temperature range of 500 to 600 ° C.

  By tempering in the above temperature range, the hardness after quenching is reduced and machinability is increased, and the martensite structure generated by quenching becomes a tough tempered martensite structure, and the high frequency at the bottom of the steering rack bar tooth It is possible to stop the growth of the initial crack generated in the quenched portion.

  The time for tempering in the above temperature range is preferably 30 min or more for heating until the D / 4 position becomes equal to the furnace temperature, and on the other hand, 60 min or less for suppressing an increase in manufacturing cost. Is preferred.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

  Steels A1 to A8 and steels B1 to B4 having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 were melted in a vacuum furnace to produce a 150 kg steel ingot.

  Among the steels, steels A1 to A8 are steels whose chemical compositions are within the range defined by the present invention.

  On the other hand, steels B1 to B4 are steels of comparative examples whose chemical compositions deviate from the range defined in the present invention. In addition, steel B1 is steel currently generally used as steel for steering rack bars among the steel of the said comparative example, This steel B1 was used as a reference | standard at the time of evaluating bending strength as mentioned later.

Table 1 shows Dx, that is, [8.64 × C ^0.5 × (1 + 0.64 × Si) × (1 + 4.1 × Mn) × (1 + 2.33 × Cr) × {1 + 1.50 × (0 .90-C)} × (1 + 3.14 × Mo)].

  The steel ingot thus obtained was heated to a temperature in the temperature range of 1200 to 1300 ° C. according to the steel composition, and then hot forged into a steel bar having a diameter of 35 mm. In addition, after completion | finish of hot forging, it stood to cool in air | atmosphere.

  Further, the steel bar after hot forging was subjected to normalization by heating at 850 ° C. for 30 minutes to homogenize the coarse grained structure during hot forging.

  Next, for each of the steels A1 to A7 and B1 to B4, the steel bar having a diameter of 35 mm was peeled to a diameter of 29 mm, the steel bar having a diameter of 35 mm to a steel A8 was peeled to a diameter of 32 mm, and processed into a steel bar (round steel). . Steel A1 and Steel B1 were peeled from the 35 mm diameter steel bar to a diameter of 26 mm, and Steel A3, Steel A5 and Steel B1 were peeled from the 35 mm diameter steel bar to a diameter of 32 mm. (Round steel).

  Each steel bar subjected to the above processing was quenched under the conditions shown in Table 2 to change the structure of the steel bar. The heating time at the heating temperature Q shown in Table 2 was 30 min for any test number, and an austenite single-phase structure was formed under these heating conditions.

  In Table 2, the value of Dx for each steel is shown again. Moreover, the value in the "mm" unit after the said peeling was shown in the diameter "Dc" column of round steel (bar).

  Further, in the “success / failure of the formula (1)” column of Table 2, the case where the above formula (1) is satisfied and the case where the formula (1) is not satisfied are indicated by symbols “◯” and “x”, respectively.

  Similarly, in the “success / failure of formula (2)” column of Table 2, the case where the above formula (2) is satisfied and the case where the formula (2) is not satisfied are indicated by symbols “◯” and “x”, respectively.

  Using a steel bar that was quenched under the conditions shown in Table 2, the structure having a depth of D / 4 from the surface was investigated by the following method.

  That is, for each steel bar subjected to the above quenching, it was cut and embedded in a resin so that the state in the cross section could be observed, mirror-polished, then corroded with nital to reveal the structure, and the scanning electron microscope was It was used to measure the area fraction of martensite at a position where the depth from the surface was D / 4.

  Similarly, after mirror polishing, the former austenite particle size number at a position where the depth from the surface was D / 4 was corroded with a picric acid alcohol solution, and was determined by a cutting method according to JIS G 0551 (2005).

  Further, the steel bars having diameters of 32 mm, 29 mm and 26 mm obtained by the above peeling were heated at 600 ° C. for 1 h, tempered, and then allowed to cool in the atmosphere, and the diameters of 30.5 mm, 27.5 mm and After drawing to 24.5 mm, the tooth profile was machined to produce a three-point bending test piece shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, (a) is a front view (overall view), (b) is a side view, and (c) is an enlarged view of a tooth profile portion in a sectional area. In addition, the position of the tooth bottom in the tooth profile portion of the three-point bending test piece is a depth D / 4 from the surface of the steel bar.

  Next, induction hardening is performed on the above three-point bending specimen so that the Vickers hardness (hereinafter referred to as “HV hardness”) at a position 1 mm deep from the tooth bottom is 450 or more. went. The quenching was WQ.

  Using the three-point bending test piece obtained as described above, the bending characteristics, that is, the bending form when the bending strength and bending load were applied, were investigated.

  Specifically, as shown schematically in FIG. 2, the distance between the support pins, that is, the distance between the fulcrums is set to 180 mm, and the push pin is used until a crack occurs in the hardened layer of the induction hardening portion of the tooth profile portion. Then, the other side of the tooth profile was continuously pressed at 0.5 mm / min. In addition, the relationship between the “push amount” and the “bending load” of the push pin has a shape as schematically shown in FIG. 3, and the higher the bending strength, the harder the induction hardened portion of the tooth profile portion. The bending load at which cracking occurs (hereinafter referred to as “crack generation load”) increases. In addition, the “indentation amount−bending load” curve differs depending on the form of breakage after crack generation, that is, the presence or absence of crack growth. That is, when crack growth stops, the bending load increases again as shown in FIG. 3 [a], while when crack growth does not stop, [b] in FIG. As shown in FIG.

  For each test number, perform a three-point bending test under the above conditions, evaluate the “bending strength” based on the crack generation load, and break when the bending load is applied according to the shape of the “indentation amount−bending load” curve. The morphology was evaluated.

  “Bending strength” was set to exceed the bending strength of test numbers 14 to 16 using steel B1 that is generally used as steel for steering rack bars. Specifically, the test piece having the same test piece size as the test number to be evaluated was selected from the test numbers 14 to 16, and the bending strength of the evaluation target should be higher than the bending strength of the selected test number.

  The “Fracture mode when bending load is applied” means that the shape of the “indentation amount-bending load” curve shows that the crack growth stops halfway as shown in [a] in FIG. 3, and the bending load increases again. The goal was to do.

  Table 3 shows the results of the above investigations.

  In Table 3, “B” in the “Evaluation” column of “Bending strength” indicates that the above-mentioned target of bending strength is satisfied, while “×” indicates that the above target is satisfied. Indicates no. In addition, “−” in test numbers 14 to 16 indicates a reference value of “crack generation load”. Similarly, in the “Fracture mode when bending load is applied” column, “○” mark indicates that the shape of the “indentation amount−bending load” curve indicates that the crack growth stops halfway and the bending load increases again. On the other hand, the mark “×” indicates that the shape of the “indentation amount-bending load” curve does not stop in the middle of the crack, but extends and penetrates to the inside. The test piece brittlely breaks into two, indicating that the above target is not satisfied. The “O” mark in the “Comprehensive evaluation” column indicates that both the goals of “Bending strength” and “Fracture mode when bending load is applied” can be achieved, while the “X” mark It means that at least one of the above goals has not been achieved.

  From Table 3, the chemical composition is within the range defined by the present invention, and the structure having the depth of D / 4 from the surface satisfies the conditions defined by the present invention in the test numbers 1 to 10 of the present invention examples. In this case, it is apparent that the bending strength is excellent and the brittle fracture can be suppressed when a bending load is applied.

  On the other hand, in the case of Test Nos. 11 to 13 and Test Nos. 17 to 19 of “Comparative Example” that do not satisfy all the conditions specified in the present invention, “Bending Strength” and “Bending Load” were given. Either or both of the "damage forms of time" are inferior.

  Even when Steel A6, Steel A7, and Steel 8 having chemical compositions within the range defined by the present invention are used, the “martensitic structure area fraction in the structure whose depth from the surface is D / 4 position” In the case of the test numbers 11 to 13 of comparative examples in which at least one of the “average particle size number of old austenite” deviates from the conditions specified in the present invention, “bending strength” or “bending load” was given. "Damage of time" is inferior.

  Test No. 11 and Test No. 12 have a martensite structure area fraction that satisfies the conditions specified in the present invention, but the average grain number of prior austenite is smaller than the conditions specified in the present invention, and the prior austenite grains are larger. Although the “cracking load” is higher than the standard test number 15 and is excellent in “bending strength”, the crack propagation generated in the hardened layer of the induction hardened portion of the tooth profile portion cannot be stopped and brittle fracture occurs. did.

  In test No. 13, the chemical component is within the range specified by the present invention, but the formula (1) is not satisfied, that is, the hardenability of the steel is low, and the depth from the surface is “Martens” in the D / 4 position. Since the “area fraction of the site structure” deviates from the conditions defined in the present invention, the “cracking load” is lower and the “bending strength” is inferior than the test number 16 which is a reference.

  In Test No. 17, since the steel B2 used did not contain Ti, the formation of BN could not be suppressed, and the effect of improving the toughness by B could not be exhibited. Bending strength ”was inferior. Furthermore, since the “old austenite average particle size number” in the structure having a depth of D / 4 from the surface is smaller than the condition defined in the present invention and the old austenite grains are large, the hardened layer of the induction hardening portion of the tooth profile portion bottom The cracks that occurred at the time of cracking could not be stopped and brittle fracture occurred. In Test No. 15, which was almost the same crack initiation load as Test No. 17, the crack growth stopped. This is because the old austenite grain size number of Steel B1 used in Test No. 15 is Test No. 17. This is because the steel B1 was larger and the toughness of the steel B1 was higher.

  Test No. 18 is as low as 0.02% in which the Cr content of the steel B3 used is lower than the conditions specified in the present invention and does not satisfy the formula (1), that is, the hardenability of the steel is low and the depth from the surface is low. However, the “area fraction of the martensite structure” in the structure at the D / 4 position deviated from the conditions defined in the present invention. In addition, since the “average particle size number of the prior austenite” is also out of the conditions specified in the present invention, the content of Cr in the case of containing B was lower than the conditions specified in the present invention, so “crack initiation load” is No increase in bending strength was observed. In addition, the crack growth that occurred in the hardened layer of the induction-hardened part of the tooth profile part bottom could not be stopped and brittle fracture occurred.

  In Test No. 19, the C and Cr contents of the steel B4 used were as low as 0.25% and 0.03% below the conditions specified in the present invention, respectively. The “load” was lower than the test number 15 as a comparative standard and was inferior to the “bending strength”. In addition, it occurs in the hardened layer of the induction hardening part of the tooth profile root, although the “martensitic structure area fraction” in the structure whose depth from the surface is D / 4 is smaller than the condition specified in the present invention. The crack growth stopped because the bending load was low, that is, the stress at the crack tip was low, and this phenomenon was performed using steel B1 as a reference for evaluating the bending strength. The same applies to test number 15. In addition, test number 17 in which the bending load was also low did not stop the crack growth, and brittle fracture occurred. This was because, as described above, the old austenite grain size number of the steel B2 used was small and the toughness of the steel was low. It is.

  The steel bar for a steering rack bar of the present invention is suitable for use as a material for a steering rack bar because it has excellent bending strength and can suppress brittle fracture when a bending load is applied. This steel bar for a steering rack bar can be manufactured by the method of the present invention.

Claims (4)

% By mass
C: 0.37 to 0.48%,
Si: more than 0.15% and less than 0.30%,
Mn: 0.60 to 1.10%,
P: 0.03% or less,
S: 0.020-0.070%,
Cr: 0.05-0.20%,
B: 0.0005 to 0.0050%,
N: 0.010% or less,
Ti: 0.005 to 0.10%,
A steel bar containing Al: 0.005 to 0.050% and O: 0.0020% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities,
The structure having a depth of D / 4 from the surface satisfies the following 1) and 2):
A steel bar for a steering rack bar.
1) The martensite structure after quenching is 70% or more in area fraction. 2) The average grain size number of prior austenite is 7 or more, where D represents the diameter of the steel bar. Instead of a part of Fe, by mass%, Mo: containing 0.05% or less,
The steel bar for a steering rack bar according to claim 1. Instead of a part of Fe, by mass%, Nb: 0.20% or less,
The steel bar for a steering rack bar according to claim 1 or 2. To the steel material having the chemical component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the following treatments <1> and <2> are sequentially performed.
The method for manufacturing a steel bar for a steering rack bar according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
<1> Processing into round steel satisfying Dc of the following formula (1).
<2> Quenching after heating to the temperature Q ° C. satisfying the following formula (2).
Dx = 8.64 × C ^0.5 × (1 + 0.64 × Si) × (1 + 4.1 × Mn) × (1 + 2.33 × Cr) × {1 + 1.50 × (0.90−C)} × (1 + 3. 14 × Mo) ≧ 5.5 × Dc ^0.7 (1)
(Ti-3.4N) /Q≧2.50×10 ⁻⁵ (2)
However, the element symbol in the formulas (1) and (2) represents the content in mass% of the element, and “Dc” in the formula (1) represents the diameter (mm) of the round steel. Furthermore, the heating temperature Q is set to a value of 780 to 900 ° C.

Images