JP5424372B1 - Removal device and method for weeds and insects - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to enable weeds and pests to be controlled efficiently in a short time.
A first light source that emits light having a wavelength from 100 nm to 200 nm, a second light source that emits light having a wavelength from 200 nm to 280 nm, and a holding that holds the first light source and the second light source. A plant, or a terminal unit that supplies power to the first light source and the second light source, and an adjustment unit that adjusts an intensity ratio between the first light source and the second light source. Use an insect remover.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for performing weeding and pest control using ultraviolet rays.

In conventional weeding and pest control, chemical pesticides were sprayed to control weeding and pests. The use of pesticides has had a major negative impact on beneficial animals and plants and has also had a major impact on human health. In addition, some of them cause groundwater contamination and cause destruction of the natural environment.
Weeding work is indispensable for farmers and home gardeners, and much labor and health are at risk. Besides this, there are many ants and pests around the floor of the house and around the garden. There are also slugs around the water. Many of these exterminations are based on chemicals, but due to the situation very close to clothing, food and housing, many chemicals and pesticides are being used. If pesticides and chemicals are used continuously, the resistance of animals and plants to these chemicals will increase, and there will be a need for stronger chemicals and pesticides.

In response to this, it has been proposed to control the weeding by ultraviolet irradiation using the degradation and destruction of the DNA of the gene (Patent Document 1).
There is only one nucleus in the cell, and the important role of the nucleus is that the cell is inherited to the next generation by replicating DNA (deoxylionucleic acid). On the other hand, when observed from the viewpoint of light absorption, DNA has a strong absorption band in the ultraviolet, particularly UV-C band. In other words, it is considered that DNA absorbs UV-C and the molecular bond of DNA is decomposed and broken, thereby losing the replication function and leading to inactivation and death.

JP 2011-205962 A

In the conventional method, UV-C is irradiated to decompose and destroy the molecular bond of plant DNA, lose the gene replication function, inactivate and die, and control weeds. However, this UV-C irradiation alone requires a long time (several hours) to control weeds.
In view of the above points, an object of the present invention is to enable weeds and pests to be controlled efficiently in a short time.

  In order to solve the above problems, a first light source that irradiates light having a wavelength of 100 nm to 200 nm, a second light source that irradiates light of a wavelength of 200 nm to 280 nm, the first light source, and the second light source, A weed or insect that includes: a holding unit that holds power; a terminal unit that supplies power to the first light source and the second light source; and an adjustment unit that adjusts an intensity ratio between the first light source and the second light source. Use removal equipment.

  In addition, an irradiation step of simultaneously irradiating a non-irradiated object with light having a peak from 100 nm to 200 nm and light having a peak from 200 nm to 280 nm, and a part of oxygen in the surrounding air is ozone A method of depleting plants or removing insects, including a step of converting the ozone into a part of the active oxygen and supplying the non-irradiated material to the ozone and the active oxygen. .

  The present invention has the following effects. By incorporating a light source capable of emitting two types of ultraviolet light, from 100 nm to 200 nm vacuum ultraviolet light and 200 nm to 280 nm ultraviolet light, ozone decomposes pigments such as chlorophyll and melanin, and simultaneously degrades DNA in cells. UV-C is responsible for destruction, and weeds and pests can be controlled quickly and reliably.

  Furthermore, each gene tackles a part of the chemical components, which are found in conventional weeding and pest control with agricultural chemicals and chemicals, and does not increase resistance. Ozone and ultraviolet rays can be stopped instantly by turning off the power switch, and diffusion will not contaminate groundwater or air, making it an extremely clean removal method.

The figure which shows the spectral absorption characteristic of DNA for demonstrating the principle of invention Diagram for explaining the principle of the invention (A) A diagram for explaining the relationship between the amount of ozone, active oxygen, and light intensity ratio, (b) a diagram further including depletion ability in (a) The figure which shows the relationship between the ratio of 1st light and 2nd light, and a depletion ability (A) The perspective view of the apparatus of invention, (b) The figure of the apparatus of the modification of (a), (c) The figure explaining arrangement | positioning of the light source of the apparatus of invention Diagram of the equipment used in the experiment Spectrum of mixed discharge tube and long wavelength discharge tube

Nuclei exist inside the cells that make up animals and plants, and DNA that is a gene regulatory site is in the nucleus. When this DNA is damaged by an external factor, the replication function is lost, and the regeneration of new cells is stopped.
FIG. 1 shows the spectral absorption characteristics of DNA. The vertical axis represents the amount of light absorbed, and the horizontal axis represents the wavelength of light. There is a large absorption band near 260 nm. Irradiation with light that matches this absorption wavelength damages the DNA of animals and plants by UV exposure, and the replication action of the cells decreases. In other words, weeds and pests can be controlled by irradiating light in the UV-C band.
However, it is weak and time consuming to wither plants with only light near 260 nm. In the present invention, light near 185 nm is also used in combination. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the principle.

(A) The light near 185 nm that is the first light 201 reacts with oxygen 205 in the atmosphere to generate ozone 206. The ozone 206 destroys the chloroplast 208 in the plant 209.
(B) When the generated ozone 206 is irradiated with light of about 253.7 nm as the second light 202, active oxygen 207 is generated. This active oxygen 207 destroys the DNA 210.
(C) The second light 202 directly destroys the DNA 210 in the plant.
Here, when the intensity of the first light 201 is increased with respect to the second light 202, the ozone 206 increases, but the second light 202 is absorbed by the ozone 206, and DNA destruction by the second light 202 is reduced.

On the other hand, when the second light 202 is increased with respect to the first light 201, the amount of ozone 206 decreases and the amount of destruction of the chloroplast 208 by the ozone 206 decreases.
Since there are many chloroplasts 208 in the cells of the plant 209, the chloroplast 208 becomes an obstacle to irradiation of the DNA with the second light 202 and the active oxygen 207. Therefore, ozone 206 that reduces the amount of chloroplast 208 is important and needs to be kept above a certain concentration. It is necessary to keep ozone 206 and active oxygen 207 at a constant concentration.

As a result, the ratio of the light intensity of the second light and the light intensity of the first light 201 has a high depletion capability in a certain range. Here, the depletion capacity is determined by the following equation (1).
Depletion capacity f = amount of ozone × active oxygen × second light intensity Formula (1)
FIG. 3A shows the intensity of residual ozone 206 when the light intensity ratio between the first light 201 and the second light 202 (ratio of the first light 201 / second light 202) is changed under each condition. (Concentration) and strength (concentration) of active oxygen 207 are shown. The vertical axis represents the relative intensity (concentration), and the horizontal axis represents the experiment number. The change in relative intensity of ozone 206 and active oxygen 207 when the light intensity ratio is changed is shown for each experiment.

When the light intensity ratio is increased, the graph is on the left and the ozone 206 increases, but the active oxygen 207 decreases. Conversely, when the light intensity ratio is decreased, the ozone 206 decreases and the active oxygen 207 increases. . Therefore, from (1) above, the depletion capacity f increases when the light intensity ratio is within a certain range.
Here, when the depletion ability f of Expression (1) is calculated under the conditions of FIG. 3A and plotted together with other data, FIG. 3B is obtained.

  FIG. 4 is a graph showing the data of the depletion ability f in FIG. The relationship between the light intensity ratio and the depletion ability f is shown. The light intensity ratio is preferably in the range of 0.08 to 0.80, centered on 0.25. Can demonstrate more than half of its maximum capacity. If light is irradiated within this range, the grass can be efficiently weeded. In particular, there are changing points at 0.08 and 0.80, and the range between both points can be weeded particularly efficiently.

FIG. 5A to FIG. 5C show the apparatus of the embodiment. 5 (a) and 5 (b) are perspective views of the apparatus. FIG. 5C shows the arrangement of the light sources.
In this apparatus, light is irradiated from above the plant 209. The plant 209 withers after about 1 hour. Weed the necessary area of grass by moving the device to another location.

The apparatus includes a light source 505, a power cord 504, a first light source controller 501, a second light source controller 502, first and second light source ratio adjusters 503, a light source frame 511, and a support portion 512. Consists of.
In FIG. 5B, the periphery is further covered with a seal 509 in addition to FIG.
The light source 505 is a low-pressure mercury discharge tube. A low-pressure mercury discharge tube using a special glass tube as the first light source, which secures two types of strong emission lines of 185 nm (vacuum ultraviolet) and 253.7 nm (UV-C), and a normal glass as the second light source A low-pressure mercury discharge tube using a tube that secures an emission line of only 253.7 nm (UV-C) was used.

  The first light source emits light having a wavelength in the wavelength range from 100 nm to 200 nm, including light in the vicinity of 185 nm (vacuum ultraviolet). The second light source includes light in the vicinity of 253.7 nm (UV-C) and emits light in any wavelength range from 200 nm to 280 nm.

The power cord 504 supplies power to the light source 505. It is not necessary when using solar cells or storage batteries.
The first light source controller 501 controls the output of the first light source.
The second light source controller 502 controls the output of the second light source.
The first / second light source ratio adjuster 503 adjusts the output ratio between the first light source and the second light source.

The light source frame 511 is an apparatus main body that holds the first light source, the second light source, each controller / adjuster, the support portion 512, and the power cord 504.
The support part 512 supports the light source frame 511. In this case, there are four pillars and rods. It is preferable that the length can be adjusted with respect to the length of the grass or so that the effect is optimal.

  Further, by covering the space between the support portions 512 with a seal 509, the light irradiation region is sealed, and ozone and active oxygen do not flow to the outside, so that weeding can be performed efficiently. Note that the seal 509 may be formed using aluminum or stainless steel that reflects light from the light source 505 on the light irradiation region surface side (inside), or an aluminum plate or a stainless steel plate.

FIG. 5C shows the arrangement of the light sources. The arrangement is good so that the light intensity ratio shown above is uniformly irradiated. That is, the second light source 506, which is the light source of the second light 202, is placed on both sides, and the first light source 507, which is the light source of the first light 201, is disposed between them. Since the second light 202 is irradiated more strongly than the first light 201 and arranged symmetrically, the uniformity in the irradiated region is good. This arrangement is easy to achieve the above-described good light intensity ratio.
The first and second light source ratio adjuster 503 adjusts the intensity ratio so that it falls within the range obtained above.

  The following experiment was conducted. The place of the experiment was a place where various weeds were grown, and the experiment was focused on "Hotkenosa" which grew well. The apparatus shown in FIG. 6 was used. There is one light source 505. The results are shown in Table 1. In the example, only one mixed discharge tube was used. This mixed discharge tube has emission characteristics having strong peaks at 185 nm (first light 201) and 253.7 nm (second light 202) (FIG. 7). In the comparative example, only one high wavelength discharge tube was used. This high wavelength discharge tube has an emission characteristic (FIG. 7) having a strong peak only at 253.7 nm. The amount of irradiation light (product of irradiation time and output intensity of each wavelength) was the same.

  According to the above experimental results, in the example, in the observation immediately after irradiation for 1 hour, the entire leaf turned reddish brown and the leaf curled into a cylindrical shape. In the comparative example, in the observation immediately after the irradiation, a part of the leaf partially changed to reddish brown. In the observation of the example after 3 days after these two experiments, the irradiated part was almost completely withered including various weeds, but the surviving weed was also observed in the comparative example.

  In this experiment, the irradiation amount of light was set to 1.512 whr with a constant amount irradiation of 253.7 nm. Here, whr is output (W) × irradiation time (1 hour unit) of each wavelength (185 nm, 253.7 nm).

  From this result, ozone generated by the light generated by the 185 discharge tube acts on chlorophyll to decompose it, and at the same time, the irradiated 253.7 nm ultraviolet light decomposes and inactivates DNA, and weeds die. It is considered a thing.

  Since weeding is possible with this mechanism, some of the pesticide molecules found in pesticide weeding, etc. are not incorporated into the genetic information, and the pesticide resistance of weeds does not increase. Furthermore, the same can be said for pests with regard to chemical resistance.

As a result, it can be seen that the Examples have a higher ability to wither grass than the Comparative Examples.

(Experimental example 2)
An irradiation experiment was performed on the ant nest under substantially the same conditions as in the above example. Immediately after the start of irradiation, ant groups panicked and abnormal movement was observed. A considerable number of ants escaped from the irradiated area, but those that were exposed for about 20 seconds were killed and an effect was obtained. When this is evaluated by the irradiation dose, it is about 0.009whr. Judging from the amount of light irradiation, weed control requires a considerably higher irradiation amount than pest control.

  There are many types of pests other than those listed here, but because of the principle of extermination of the present invention, that is, the extermination method targeting DNA 210, it is also effective for most pest exterminations. Furthermore, since the light absorption band of protein is in the vicinity of 280 nm, this irradiation apparatus also has a high deodorizing effect.

The present invention can be applied not only to weed control, but also to pest control equipment (for example, white and extermination equipment), pest control in the soil of farmland that is farmed every year.
Note that since the insect does not have the chloroplast 208, the ozone 206 is not necessary directly, so the first light 201 of 185 nm may not be necessary, but since the active oxygen 207 is generated from the ozone 206, the first light of 185 nm One light 201 is also necessary. The ratio of the first light 201 and the second light 202 is shifted to a direction where the first light 201 is weaker, that is, to a smaller ratio than the case of the weeding, but insects can be removed within the above range.

In addition, since insects eat plants and hold them in the body, ozone 206 is also effective and light at 185 nm is considered necessary.
The optimum value of the ratio of the first light 201 and the second light 202 differs depending on the type of insect, and only certain kinds of insects can be repelled by the ratio.

In the embodiment, the apparatus shown in FIG. 6 is used. However, using the apparatus shown in FIG. 5 can optimize the ratio of the first light and the second light, and can achieve further effects.
Note that ozone generated by ultraviolet rays (100 to 200 nm) reacts with water (or even water vapor) to generate OH radicals (hydroxyl radicals). This has an oxidation-reduction potential of 2.85 V and is greater than 2.07 V of ozone, making it an extremely strong oxidant. In particular, when the pH of water is higher than 6, the generation of OH radicals becomes significant. That is, when pH <6, the action is controlled by ozone, and when pH> 6, the action is controlled by OH radicals, which is an effective means in the above weeding and pest control.

  Up to this point, the first light 201 has converted the oxygen 205 into the ozone 206. However, a high voltage device may be used to generate ozone 206. Specifically, an ozone generator from Ecodesign Co., Ltd. can be used. In addition, ozone generators such as Ozone Mart Corporation and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation can be used. Ozone generation methods can be broadly classified into silent discharge method, electrolysis method, ultraviolet lamp method, etc. Any of them can be used. However, the silent discharge method is preferable because it is simple and can be miniaturized.

  An amount corresponding to the intensity of the first light (the same amount of ozone generated) may be generated by the ozone generator, and the above ratio may be set. That is, an ozone generator is used instead of the first light source, the amount of ozone generated by the ozone generator is made to correspond to the intensity of the first light source, and the intensity ratio between the light from the first light source and the light from the second light source is set to 0. This is a removal device for plants or insects using an ozone generator so that 08 ≦ first light source / second light source light intensity ratio ≦ 0.80.

According to this method, the first light 201 may be absent. The first light 201 and an ozone generator may be used in combination. What is necessary is just to adjust so that it may become the ratio of the above-mentioned ozone 206 and active oxygen 207. That is, an ozone amount corresponding to the ozone amount generated by the first light in the previous example may be generated by the ozone generator and the first light.
In this case, since ozone is separately generated by a high voltage device, the efficiency is improved in a short time from the beginning, and the effectiveness such as weeding is exhibited from the beginning.
In the apparatus of FIG. 5, it is preferable to provide an ozone discharge port in the ozone generator in the first light portion.
The above embodiments and configurations can be combined.

    The apparatus and method of the present invention can be used for weeding and pest control.

201 First light 202 Second light 205 Oxygen 206 Ozone 207 Active oxygen 208 Chloroplast 209 Plant 210 DNA
501 First light source control device 502 Second light source control device 503 First / second light source ratio adjusting device 504 Power cord 505 Light source 506 Second light source 507 First light source 509 Seal

Claims (9)

A first light source that irradiates light of any wavelength from 100 nm to 200 nm, including 185 nm;
A second light source that emits light of any wavelength from 200 nm to 280 nm, including 253.7 nm;
A holding unit for holding the first light source and the second light source;
A supply unit for supplying power to the first light source and the second light source;
A first adjustment unit for adjusting the intensity of the first light source;
A second adjustment unit for adjusting the intensity of the second light source;
A third adjustment unit for adjusting the intensity ratio of the light from the first light source and the light from the second light source to 0.08 ≦ the light intensity ratio of the first light source / the second light source ≦ 0.80; , Removal device for plants or insects. The removal apparatus for plants or insects of Claim 1 used as a light source as one unit which put the said 2nd light source on both sides of the said 1st light source. The removal apparatus for plants or insects of Claim 1 or 2 which further has a seal part which seals between the said 1st light source, the said 2nd light source, and a to-be-irradiated object. The removal device for plants or insects according to claim 3, wherein the inner surface of the removal device is made of aluminum or stainless steel that reflects the light. An ozone generator is used instead of the first light source, the amount of ozone generated by the ozone generator is made to correspond to the intensity of the first light source,
The ozone generator is adjusted so that the intensity ratio of the light from the first light source and the light from the second light source satisfies 0.08 ≦ the light intensity ratio of the first light source / the second light source ≦ 0.80. The removal apparatus for plants or insects of any one of Claims 1-4 used. A third light source different from the first light source that irradiates light of any wavelength from 100 nm to 200 nm, including 185 nm;
Using an ozone generator together with the third light source, the amount of ozone generated by the ozone generator and the third light source corresponds to the intensity of the first light source,
The ozone generator so that the intensity ratio of the light from the first light source and the light from the second light source satisfies 0.08 ≦ the light intensity ratio of the first light source / the second light source ≦ 0.80; The removal apparatus for plants or insects according to claim 5, wherein the third light source is used. A first light having a wavelength of 185 nm and having a peak from 100 nm to 200 nm, and a second light having a wavelength of 253.7 nm and having a peak from 200 nm to 280 nm, and 0.08 ≦ the first light / the light An irradiation step of irradiating the irradiated object at a light intensity ratio of the second light ≦ 0.80;
A step of converting a part of oxygen in the surrounding air into ozone, a part of the ozone into active oxygen, and supplying the irradiated object with the ozone and the active oxygen. How to remove plants. Using an ozone generator instead of the first light, the amount of ozone generated by the ozone generator corresponds to the intensity of the first light,
The ozone generator is configured so that the intensity ratio of the first light and the second light is 0.08 ≦ the first light / the second light intensity ratio ≦ 0.80. The method for removing insects or plants according to claim 7 to be used. A third light having a wavelength of 185 nm and having a peak from 100 nm to 200 nm;
Using an ozone generator instead of the first light, the amount of ozone generated by the ozone generator and the third light corresponds to the intensity of the first light,
The ozone generator is configured so that the intensity ratio of the light of the first light and the light of the second light is 0.08 ≦ the light intensity ratio of the first light / the second light ≦ 0.80. The method for removing an insect or a plant according to claim 7, wherein the third light is used.

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