JP5414586B2 - Failure location system, failure location system, failure location method, and failure location program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a failure point locating system, a failure point locating device, a failure point locating method, and a failure point locating program. The present invention relates to a point location method and a fault location program.

  In the surge arrival time difference type failure point locating system, obtaining the surge arrival time accurately is important for improving the failure point locating accuracy.

  In the conventional first failure point locating system, instead of setting the surge detection time as the failure point, the waveform is traced back from the surge detection point and returned to the sample point past the surge start certification point, and this is used as the surge occurrence point. There is a method for locating a failure point by using time (for example, Japanese Patent No. 3527432 (Patent Document 1)).

  In addition, the conventional second fault location system uses a subband filter to avoid an estimation error at the time of surge detection due to noise components, and uses only waveform components in the same frequency band of waveforms observed at both ends of the line. There is one that determines the rising point (for example, Japanese Patent No. 3844757 (Patent Document 2)).

  However, in the first and second failure point locating systems, the level of the noise component is not constant, and since some time has passed since the surge has already reached at the time of starting the surge, When the rise of the waveform is gradual, there is a time difference that cannot be ignored between the actual surge rise time and the surge rise determination time. In addition, noise components whose amplitude is smaller than that of the surge generated at the time of failure may include noise in substantially the same frequency band, which is an error factor of the orientation result.

Japanese Patent No. 3527432 Japanese Patent No. 3844757

  Therefore, the problem of the present invention is that the failure point can be easily and accurately determined by estimating the rising point of the surge waveform more accurately even if the noise level fluctuates or the surge waveform rises slowly. A fault location system, a fault location device, a fault location method, and a fault location program.

In order to solve the above problems, the fault location system of the present invention is:
A first waveform is recorded at one end of the transmission line or at one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line, and records surge waveform data obtained by sampling the surge waveform in association with an arrival time at which the surge waveform generated on the transmission line arrives. A single waveform recording device;
Surge waveform data that is provided at the other end of the power transmission line or the other end of the predetermined section of the power transmission line and samples the surge waveform in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform generated on the power transmission line has arrived. A second waveform recording device for recording;
A failure point locating device for locating a failure point that is a generation point of the surge waveform from a time difference between arrival times of the surge waveform based on the surge waveform data recorded in the first and second waveform recording devices. ,
The first and second waveform recording devices are
A starting point detecting unit for detecting a starting point when the change of the surge waveform satisfies a preset starting condition;
When the starting point detection unit detects the starting point, each has a storage unit that stores the surge waveform data before and after the starting point,
The above fault location device is
A moving average calculation unit that performs a moving average calculation for each of N pieces (N is an integer of 2 or more) of the surge waveform data stored in the storage unit of the first and second waveform recording devices. When,
Differential data calculation for calculating differential data of the surge waveform by sequentially taking a difference at intervals of M (N is an integer of 2 or more) for each of the surge waveform data calculated by the moving average calculation unit. And
An absolute value converting unit for converting each of the differential data of the surge waveform calculated by the difference data calculating unit into an absolute value;
A noise level maximum value Vn in a preset noise level maximum value detection section before the start point is detected for each of the absolute difference data of the surge waveform converted into an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit. A noise level maximum value detection unit,
For each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform that has been converted to an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit, in the preset surge waveform peak point detection section after the start point, it is closest to the start point side. A surge waveform peak point detector that detects a near maximum point as the peak point P1 of the surge waveform;
The surge waveform peak point P1 detected by the surge waveform peak point detection unit or the surge waveform peak point detection for each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform converted into an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit A point P2 where the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform first falls below the noise level maximum value Vn is detected by going back from the start point of the section, and a zero cross of a straight line passing through the peak point P1 and the point P2 of the surge waveform A surge waveform arrival time calculation unit having a point as the rising point of the surge waveform and the time of the rising point of the surge waveform as the surge waveform arrival time,
Based on the surge waveform arrival time Ta on the first waveform recording device side calculated by the surge waveform arrival time calculation unit and the surge waveform arrival time Tb on the second waveform recording device side, the transmission line is expressed by the following equation. Or a failure point locating unit for locating a distance X [km] from one end of the transmission line or one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line to the failure point that is the generation point of the surge waveform.
X = (L + (Ta−Tb) · V) / 2
However, L: Line length [km] of the transmission line (or a predetermined section of the transmission line)
V: Surge propagation speed [km / sec]

  Here, the “transmission line” includes an electric railway power transmission system or high-voltage distribution system electric wire, an electric power transmission system or electric distribution system electric wire, and the like.

  According to the above configuration, for each of the surge waveform data stored in the storage unit of the first and second waveform recording devices, the failure point locating device performs a moving average calculation (integration effect) and a difference calculation (differential effect). By performing the filtering process, the noise component is reduced and the AC component of the commercial frequency is removed, and then the noise level maximum value Vn is detected by providing a noise level maximum value detection section in the surge waveform data before the starting point. . In the noise region below the noise level maximum value Vn detected by this, even if there is a surge waveform rising point, it is difficult to directly detect it. Therefore, in the fault location device, for each of the surge waveform data subjected to the filtering process of the first and second waveform recording devices, the point P2 immediately before leaving the noise region (the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform is the first At a point below the noise level maximum value Vn) and the peak point P1 (the peak point of the surge waveform that is the local maximum point closest to the starting point) that has left the noise region and reached the first maximum point. A point is obtained, and the time on the time axis of the zero cross point is defined as the surge waveform arrival time (the time at the rising point of the surge waveform). Based on the surge waveform arrival time Ta on the first waveform recording device side and the surge waveform arrival time Tb on the second waveform recording device side obtained in this way, one end of the transmission line or a predetermined section of the transmission line is calculated according to the above formula. A distance X [km] from one end of the line to the fault point where the surge waveform is generated is determined.

  As a result, even if the noise level fluctuates or the surge waveform rises slowly, the failure point can be easily and accurately determined by estimating the surge waveform rise point more accurately.

Moreover, in the fault location system of one embodiment,
The first and second waveform recording devices are
A GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) receives a radio wave from a satellite and has a clock unit that measures time based on a reference time signal synchronized with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Based on the time information from the clock unit, the surge waveform data is stored in the storage unit in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform has arrived.

  According to the above embodiment, each clock unit of the first and second waveform recording devices receives radio waves from GPS satellites and measures time based on a reference time signal synchronized with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). To do. Then, in each of the first and second waveform recording devices, the surge waveform data is stored in the storage unit in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform has arrived, based on accurate time information from the clock unit. As a result, since the accurate arrival time of the surge waveform can be associated with the surge waveform data in each of the first and second waveform recording devices, more accurate fault location can be achieved in the fault location device. Become.

Moreover, in the fault location system of one embodiment,
The activation point detector of the first and second waveform recording devices detects an activation point when a change in the input on / off signal satisfies a preset activation condition.

  According to the above embodiment, for example, an on / off signal that is an operation signal of a power line protection relay is input to the first and second waveform recording devices, and a start condition in which a change in the on / off signal is preset in the event of a power line fault The starting point when the above is satisfied is detected by the starting point detector. This makes it possible to detect the starting point by combining the detection of the starting point based on the change in the surge waveform and the detection of the starting point based on the change in the on / off signal, so that the starting point can be detected according to the configuration of the target transmission line. The starting point detection function of the part can be selected, and the degree of freedom of installation is increased.

Moreover, in the fault location system of one embodiment,
The above fault location device is
A calculation condition setting unit configured to set at least one of the N pieces used for the moving average calculation of the moving average calculation unit or the difference data calculation unit of the difference data calculation unit;

  According to the above embodiment, the calculation condition setting unit of the failure point locating device sets N used for the moving average calculation of the moving average calculation unit, thereby reducing the characteristics of the low-pass filter by the moving average calculation (integration effect). It is possible to adjust, and it is possible to appropriately adjust a band for cutting a noise component having a frequency higher than the surge waveform. In addition, by setting the M pieces used for the calculation of the difference data of the difference data calculation unit by the calculation condition setting unit of the failure point locator, the characteristics of the high pass filter by the difference calculation (differential effect) can be adjusted, And the band for cutting the AC component (including harmonics) of the commercial frequency can be adjusted as appropriate.

Moreover, in the fault location system of one embodiment,
The above fault location device is
A detection interval setting unit that sets at least one of the noise level maximum value detection interval of the noise level maximum value detection unit or the surge waveform peak point detection interval of the surge waveform peak point detection unit;

  According to the above embodiment, by setting the noise level maximum value detection section of the noise level maximum value detection section by the detection section setting section of the failure point locating device, according to the noise situation that differs for each target transmission line. The optimum noise level maximum value detection section can be set as appropriate. In addition, by setting the surge waveform peak point detection section of the surge waveform peak point detection section by the detection section setting section of the failure point locating device, the optimum surge waveform according to the noise situation that differs for each target transmission line It is possible to appropriately set the peak point detection section.

In the failure point locating device of the present invention,
First surge waveform data obtained by sampling the surge waveform in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform generated on the transmission line arrives at one end of the transmission line or one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line; Based on second surge waveform data obtained by sampling the surge waveform in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform generated on the transmission line arrives at the other end of the electric wire or the predetermined section of the transmission line. A failure point locating device for locating a failure point that is a generation point of the surge waveform from a time difference between arrival times of the first and second surge waveforms,
A moving average calculation unit that performs a moving average calculation for each of N pieces (N is an integer of 2 or more) for each of the first surge waveform data and the second surge waveform data;
Differential data calculation for calculating differential data of the surge waveform by sequentially taking a difference at intervals of M (N is an integer of 2 or more) for each of the surge waveform data calculated by the moving average calculation unit. And
An absolute value converting unit for converting each of the differential data of the surge waveform calculated by the difference data calculating unit into an absolute value;
A noise level maximum value Vn in a preset noise level maximum value detection section before the start point is detected for each of the absolute difference data of the surge waveform converted into an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit. A noise level maximum value detection unit,
For each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform that has been converted to an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit, in the preset surge waveform peak point detection section after the start point, it is closest to the start point side. A surge waveform peak point detector that detects a near maximum point as the peak point P1 of the surge waveform;
The surge waveform peak point P1 detected by the surge waveform peak point detection unit or the surge waveform peak point detection for each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform converted into an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit A point P2 where the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform first falls below the noise level maximum value Vn is detected by going back from the start point of the section, and a zero cross of a straight line passing through the peak point P1 and the point P2 of the surge waveform A surge waveform arrival time calculation unit having a point as the rising point of the surge waveform and the time of the rising point of the surge waveform as the surge waveform arrival time,
Based on the surge waveform arrival time Ta of the first surge waveform data calculated by the surge waveform arrival time calculation unit and the surge waveform arrival time Tb of the second surge waveform data, one end of the transmission line is expressed by the following equation: Or a failure point locating unit for locating a distance X [km] from one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line to a failure point that is the generation point of the surge waveform.
X = (L + (Ta−Tb) · V) / 2
However, L: Line length [km] of the transmission line (or a predetermined section of the transmission line)
V: Surge propagation speed [km / sec]

  According to the above configuration, the failure point locating device performs a filtering process using a moving average calculation (integration effect) and a difference calculation (differentiation effect) on each of the first and second surge waveform data, thereby obtaining a noise component. After removing the AC component of the commercial frequency and the like, the noise level maximum value Vn is detected by providing a noise level maximum value detection section in the surge waveform data before the starting point. In the noise region below the noise level maximum value Vn, it is difficult to directly detect the surge waveform rising point even if it exists. Therefore, in the failure point locating device, for each of the first and second surge waveform data subjected to the filtering process, the point P2 immediately before leaving the noise region (the difference absolute value data of the surge waveform is the noise level first). The zero cross point of a straight line passing through the point P1 (the peak point of the surge waveform that is the local maximum point closest to the starting point) that has left the noise region and reached the first local maximum point is obtained, The time on the time axis of the zero cross point is defined as the surge waveform arrival time (the time at the rising point of the surge waveform). Then, based on the surge waveform arrival time Ta of the first surge waveform data and the surge waveform arrival time Tb on the second surge waveform data side, one end of the transmission line or one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line is calculated according to the above formula. The distance X [km] from the fault point where the surge waveform is generated is determined.

  As a result, even if the noise level fluctuates or the surge waveform rises slowly, the failure point can be easily and accurately determined by estimating the surge waveform rise point more accurately.

In the fault location method of the present invention,
First surge waveform data obtained by sampling the surge waveform in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform generated on the transmission line arrives at one end of the transmission line or one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line; Based on second surge waveform data obtained by sampling the surge waveform in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform generated on the transmission line arrives at the other end of the electric wire or the predetermined section of the transmission line. A failure point locating method for locating a failure point that is a generation point of the surge waveform from a time difference between arrival times of the first and second surge waveforms,
A moving average calculation step for performing a moving average calculation for each of N pieces (N is an integer of 2 or more) for each of the first surge waveform data and the second surge waveform data;
Difference data calculation for calculating differential data of the surge waveform by sequentially taking a difference at intervals of M (N is an integer of 2 or more) for each of the surge waveform data calculated by the moving average calculation step. Steps,
An absolute value converting step for converting each of the differential data of the surge waveform calculated in the differential data calculating step into an absolute value;
A noise level maximum value Vn in a preset noise level maximum value detection section before the start point is detected for each of the absolute value data of the surge waveform that has been converted to an absolute value in the absolute value conversion step. Noise level maximum value detection step to perform,
For each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform that has been converted to an absolute value by the absolute value conversion step, in a preset surge waveform peak point detection section after the start point, the closest to the start point side A surge waveform peak point detecting step for detecting the maximum point as the peak point P1 of the surge waveform;
The surge waveform peak point P1 detected by the surge waveform peak point detection step or the surge waveform peak point detection section for each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform converted into absolute values by the absolute value conversion step. The point P2 where the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform first falls below the noise level maximum value Vn is detected by going back in time from the start point, and the zero cross point of the straight line passing through the peak point P1 and the point P2 of the surge waveform And a surge waveform arrival time calculating step in which the rise time of the surge waveform is the surge waveform arrival time.
Based on the surge waveform arrival time Ta of the first surge waveform data calculated in the surge waveform arrival time calculation step and the surge waveform arrival time Tb of the second surge waveform data, one end of the transmission line is expressed by the following equation: Or a failure point locating step for locating a distance X [km] from one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line to a failure point which is the generation point of the surge waveform.
X = (L + (Ta−Tb) · V) / 2
However, L: Line length [km] of the transmission line (or a predetermined section of the transmission line)
V: Surge propagation speed [km / sec]

  According to the above configuration, the failure point locating device performs a filtering process using a moving average calculation (integration effect) and a difference calculation (differentiation effect) on each of the first and second surge waveform data, thereby obtaining a noise component. After removing the AC component of the commercial frequency and the like, the noise level maximum value Vn is detected by providing a noise level maximum value detection section in the surge waveform data before the starting point. In the noise region below the noise level maximum value Vn, it is difficult to directly detect the surge waveform rising point even if it exists. Therefore, in the failure point locating device, for each of the first and second surge waveform data subjected to the filtering process, the point P2 immediately before leaving the noise region (the difference absolute value data of the surge waveform is the noise level first). The zero cross point of a straight line passing through the point P1 (the peak point of the surge waveform that is the local maximum point closest to the starting point) that has left the noise region and reached the first local maximum point is obtained, The time on the time axis of the zero cross point is defined as the surge waveform arrival time (the time at the rising point of the surge waveform). Then, based on the surge waveform arrival time Ta of the first surge waveform data and the surge waveform arrival time Tb on the second surge waveform data side, one end of the transmission line or one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line is calculated according to the above formula. The distance X [km] from the fault point where the surge waveform is generated is determined.

  As a result, even if the noise level fluctuates or the surge waveform rises slowly, the failure point can be easily and accurately determined by estimating the surge waveform rise point more accurately.

In the fault location program of the present invention,
A failure point locating method is executed by a computer.

  According to the above configuration, even if the noise level fluctuates or the surge waveform rises slowly, the failure point can be easily and highly accurately estimated by estimating the surge waveform rise point more accurately. it can.

  As is clear from the above, according to the failure point locating system, failure point locating device, failure point locating method and failure point locating program of the present invention, the noise level fluctuates or the surge rises slowly. However, by accurately estimating the rising point of the surge waveform, the failure point can be determined easily and with high accuracy.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an installation example of a fault location system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the waveform recording device of the failure location system. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the failure point locating device of the failure point locating system. FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining processing for obtaining a rising point of a surge waveform in the fault location method of the fault location apparatus. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a surge waveform for explaining the fault location method of the fault location apparatus. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the waveform of surge waveform data input to the failure location system. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the waveform of the moving average data of the surge waveform after the moving average calculation of the surge waveform data shown in FIG. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a waveform of the differential data of the surge waveform after the differential data calculation is performed on the moving average data of the surge waveform shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a waveform of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform obtained by converting the differential data of the surge waveform shown in FIG. 8 into an absolute value. FIG. 10 is a front view of the waveform recording apparatus. FIG. 11 is a rear view of the waveform recording apparatus.

  Hereinafter, a failure point locating system, a failure point locating device, a failure point locating method, and a failure point locating program according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments.

  FIG. 1 shows an installation example of a fault location system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the failure point locating system of this embodiment is installed in a feeder line of a BT feeding system. The BT feeder line has a trolley wire TF, a negative wire NF, and a suction transformer BT provided on the trolley wire TF. The station ST1 is connected, and the feeder section ST2 is connected to the other side of the section.

Said fault point location system includes surge and surge voltage sensor S _A for detecting a surge voltage of the trolley wire TF eaves collector substation ST1 side (A end), trolley line TF eaves conductive section post ST2 side (B end) a surge voltage sensor S _B for detecting a voltage, a waveform recorder R _a as an example of the first waveform recording apparatus for recording waveform data of a surge voltage from the surge voltage sensor S _a, surge from surge voltage sensor S _B a waveform recording device R _B as an example of a second waveform recording apparatus for recording waveform data of the voltage, a waveform recording unit R _a, based on the waveform data of the recorded surge voltage to R _B, the arrival time of the surge waveform And a failure point locating device FL for locating a failure point which is a generation point of a surge waveform from the time difference.

Here, the surge voltage sensor S _A, but including PT (Potential Transformer) and resistive voltage divider is used as S _B, may be used a sensor such as CT (Current Transformer) that detects a surge current. Surge voltage sensor or signal surge current sensor installed outdoors is via an optical fiber or the like is inputted to the installation waveform recorder R _A and waveform recorder R _B indoors.

The waveform recording devices R _A and R _B are connected to each other via a communication line L1. The waveform recording device _RA and the fault location device FL are connected via a communication line L2. Here, the communication lines L1 and L2 use a LAN (Local Area Network), but may be other communication lines using an optical fiber or the like.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the fault location system with the waveform recording device _RA . Even the waveform recorder R _B are the same configuration as the waveform recorder R _A.

As shown in FIG. 2, the waveform recording apparatus _RA includes a voltage input unit 11 to which a 4CH voltage is input, a contact input / output unit 15 to which a 16CH contact is input and a 4CH contact is output, A control unit 16 that controls the voltage input unit 11 and the contact input / output unit 15, a display operation unit 17 controlled by the control unit 16, and a power supply unit 18 to which a power supply voltage of DC110V or AC100V is input. Yes.

  The voltage input unit 11 includes an input conversion circuit 12 that converts the level of an input 4CH voltage signal, and an activation point detection unit that receives the voltage signal level-converted by the input converter 12. A detection circuit 13 and an A / D conversion circuit 14 to which a signal level-converted by the input conversion circuit 12 is input.

  The activation detection circuit 13 is an A / D conversion circuit (not shown) that samples the voltage signal from the input conversion circuit 12 at a sampling frequency of 5 kHz, and the effective voltage of the sampling waveform data from the A / D conversion circuit. A DSP circuit (not shown) for detecting activation due to fluctuations.

  The A / D conversion circuit 14 samples the voltage signal from the input conversion circuit 12 at a sampling frequency of 10 MHz, and the activation detection circuit 13 detects the surge voltage based on the sampling waveform data from the A / D conversion circuit 14. Detect startup of.

  When the activation detection circuit 13 detects activation, the control unit 16 stores a storage unit 16a that stores the surge waveform data before and after the activation point, a communication unit 16b that communicates with other devices via a LAN, and a GPS. A clock unit 16c that receives a GPS signal from the antenna and measures the time based on a reference time signal synchronized with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

  The A / D conversion circuit 14 of the voltage input unit 11 performs A / D (analog / digital) conversion on the input voltage signal at a sampling timing synchronized with a GPS signal from a GPS satellite.

  In the A / D conversion circuit 14, sampling is always performed during operation, and waveform data for a certain time before the current time is always stored in the memory. When the activation detection circuit 13 detects activation (exceeds a certain level that can be set), surge waveform data consisting of stored data for a predetermined time before activation and subsequently sampled data after activation. Is transferred to and stored in the storage unit 16a of the control unit 16.

The waveform recording device, there are master and slave, in this embodiment, the waveform recording unit R _A is the master, the waveform recording device R _B becomes a slave. The waveform recording device R _A on the master side receives the transfer of the surge waveform data from the waveform recorder R _B slave, to save both surge waveform data, a data transfer request from the fault point locating system FL Therefore, the surge waveform data is transferred to the failure point locator FL.

  FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the fault location apparatus FL.

As shown in FIG. 3, the failure point locator FL is a moving average for every N pieces of data (N is an integer of 2 or more) for each of the surge waveform data from the waveform recording devices R _A and R _B. For each of the moving average calculation unit 21 that performs the calculation and the surge waveform data that has been subjected to the moving average calculation by the moving average calculation unit 21, a surge waveform is obtained by sequentially taking a difference at intervals of M (N is an integer of 2 or more). The difference data calculation unit 22 that calculates the difference data of the above, the absolute value conversion unit 23 that converts the difference data of the surge waveform calculated by the difference data calculation unit 22 into absolute values, and the absolute value conversion unit 23 A noise level maximum value detection unit 24 that detects a noise level maximum value Vn in a preset noise level maximum value detection section Tn before the start point for each of the converted absolute values of the surge waveform difference. For each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform absolute value converted by the absolute value converting unit 23, the most recent surge waveform peak point detection section Tp after the start point is the closest to the start point side. A surge waveform peak is detected for each of the surge waveform peak point detection unit 25 that detects the nearest local maximum point as the surge waveform peak point P1 and the absolute value data of the surge waveform that has been converted to an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit 23. A point P2 where the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform first falls below the noise level maximum value Vn is detected by going back in time from the peak point P1 of the surge waveform detected by the point detector 25, and the peak P1 of the surge waveform is detected. Surge waveform arrival with the zero cross point P0 of the straight line passing through the point P2 as the surge waveform rise point and the surge waveform rise time as the surge waveform arrival time A time calculation unit 26, based on the surge waveform arrival time Tb of the computed waveform recorder R _A side surge waveform arrival time Ta and the waveform recorder R _B side by the surge waveform arrival time calculation unit 26, feeding circuit substation A failure point locating unit 27 is provided for locating a distance X [km] from the location ST1 (shown in FIG. 1) side (A end) to the failure point that is the generation point of the surge waveform by the following equation.
X = (L + (Ta−Tb) · V) / 2
L: Line length of the section [km]
V: Surge propagation speed [km / sec]

  The failure point locating device FL includes an operation condition setting unit 28 for setting N used for moving average calculation of the moving average calculation unit 11 and M used for calculation of difference data of the difference data calculation unit 12; , A noise level maximum value detection section Tn of the noise level maximum value detection section 24 and a detection section setting section 29 for setting the surge waveform peak point detection section Tp of the surge waveform peak point detection section 25 are provided. The calculation condition setting unit 28 and the detection section setting unit 29 are configured by a display unit and a switch operation unit (not shown). Here, N used for the moving average calculation and M used for the calculation of the difference data may be fixed values, and are fixed according to the recording length before the starting point and the recording length after the starting point. It may be a value.

  The failure point locating device FL may be a dedicated device, but may be realized by reading the failure point locating program of the present invention recorded on a computer-readable recording medium into a personal computer.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining processing for obtaining a rising point of a surge waveform in the fault location method of the fault location apparatus FL, and FIG. 5 is a surge waveform for explaining the fault location method of the fault location apparatus. Is shown. In steps S1 to S8 in FIG. 4, processing is performed on each of the surge waveform data from the waveform recording devices R _A and R _B. In this embodiment, the surge waveform data of the waveform recording devices R _A and R _B is 0.5 ms before startup and 3.5 ms after startup, the sampling interval is 0.1 μs, and the number of samplings before startup is 5000. The number of samples after activation is 35000.

First, when the processing starts, in step S1 shown in FIG. 4, N (for example, N = 8) data is obtained by the moving average calculation unit 21 for each of the surge waveform data from the waveform recording devices R _A and R _B. After moving average every time, the difference data calculation unit 22 makes a difference at M intervals (for example, M = 4) to create difference data.

  Next, it progresses to step S2 and the absolute value conversion part 23 makes difference data into an absolute value. FIG. 5 shows the main part (before and after the starting point) of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform.

  Next, the process proceeds to step S3, where the noise level maximum value detection unit 24 in the section from the 1000th to the 4000th difference absolute value data obtained by the absolute value conversion unit 23 (noise level maximum value detection section Tn). The maximum value Vn (noise level maximum value) is obtained.

  Next, the process proceeds to step S4, where the startup detection level in analysis is V1, and the value X times (set value) V1 is V2. This V2 represents the lowest level when the peak point P1 (maximum point) of the surge waveform is detected, and the peak point P1 (maximum point) is detected from data at a level larger than V2.

Next, the process proceeds to step S5, and a point P _V2 that first exceeds V2 in the 4000th to 7000th absolute difference data is detected.

Next, proceeding to step S6, the surge waveform peak point detector 25 detects the peak point P1, which is the first maximum point in the section (surge waveform peak point detection section Tp) from the point _PV2 to the 7000th point.

Next, the process proceeds to step S7, and the surge waveform arrival time calculation unit 26 detects a point P2 that first falls below Vn in the reverse direction (the direction going back in time) from the point _PV2 to the 400th point. Here, I looked for point P2 below Vn backwards from the point P _V2 first, may search the point P2 below Vn first in the opposite direction from the peak point P1.

  Then, the process proceeds to step S8, and the surge waveform arrival time calculation unit 26 sets the zero cross point P0 of the straight line connecting the peak point P1 and the point P2 as the rising point of the surge waveform (see FIG. 5).

Here, V1 is a set value for analysis, and X is a set value for determining V2, which is a multiple value of V1. Each of the start point and end point of the noise level maximum value detection section Tn is a set value, and the start point of the surge waveform peak point detection section Tp is a point P _V2 where the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform exceeds _V2 . The end point of the surge waveform peak point detection section Tp is a set value.

  In FIG. 4, after moving average every 8 data, difference data is created by making a difference at intervals of 4 by the difference data calculation unit 22, but the set value N related to the moving average calculation by the moving average calculation unit 21 The set value M related to the difference calculation by the difference data calculation unit 22 is not limited to this, and may be set as appropriate according to the feeder circuit to be targeted.

In this embodiment, the sampling frequency of the waveform recording devices R _A and R _B and the recording length before starting the surge waveform data and the recording length after starting are set to 10 MHz, 0.5 ms, and 3.5 ms. The recording length of the frequency and surge waveform data before starting and the recording length after starting are not limited to this.

  FIG. 6 shows an example of the waveform of the surge waveform data input to the fault location apparatus, and FIG. 7 shows the waveform of the moving average data of the surge waveform after the moving average calculation of the surge waveform data shown in FIG. 8 shows the waveform of the differential data of the surge waveform after calculating the differential data for the moving average data of the surge waveform shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 shows the differential data of the surge waveform shown in FIG. The waveform of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform obtained by converting the absolute value of to is shown. 6 to 9, the horizontal axis represents the number of samplings, and the vertical axis represents the voltage value (or current value).

Figure 10 shows a front view of the waveform recording device R _A, 11 (as well as the waveform recording device R _B) which are shown the rear view of the waveform recording device R _A.

As shown in FIG. 10, the waveform recording apparatus _RA includes a liquid crystal display unit 31 disposed above the front panel 30, an operation switch unit 32 disposed below the front panel 30, and the operation switch unit 32. An LED display unit 33 in which a plurality of LEDs are arranged in a row in the vertical direction is arranged on the right side. The liquid crystal display unit 31, the operation switch unit 32, and the LED display unit 33 constitute the display operation unit 17 (shown in FIG. 2).

Further, as shown in FIG. 11, a power supply unit U1 having a power terminal block 41 and a power switch 42 is arranged on the left side of the rear surface of the waveform recording apparatus _RA , and a LAN connector 43 and a GPS antenna connector 44 are arranged on the lower left side. The unit U2 having Further, toward the center back side of the waveform recording device R _A, contact input-output unit U3 and a contact output unit 45 and the contact input unit 46 is disposed, on the rear surface of the right side of the waveform recording device R _A, voltage input connector CN1 A voltage input unit U4 having .about.CN3 (input voltage range ± 1 V) and a voltage input connector CN4 (input voltage range ± 200 V) is arranged.

Table 1 shows main input specifications of the waveform recording apparatus _RA .

In the waveform recording apparatus _RA , the voltage input connectors CN1 to CN3 having an input voltage range of ± 1 V are supplied with, for example, an outdoor surge voltage sensor voltage signal via an electrical / optical converter, an optical fiber cable, and an optical / electrical converter. And a measurement signal from PT or the like is input to the voltage input connector CN4 having an input voltage range of ± 200V.

  Applying the fault location method of the present invention to Table 2 to determine the rising point of the surge waveform, applying the standardization result when standardized and the conventional fault location method (method using the starting point as the surge rising point) Shows the orientation results. Here, the total length of the feeder circuit section is 18.843 km, and the distance from the A end to the failure point is 12.671 km.

  As is clear from the comparison in Table 2 above, by applying the fault location method of the present invention, the accuracy of the orientation in the average error rate (total length ratio) is 0.46% of the conventional method to 0.14 of the embodiment. % Improved.

  The fault location method of such a fault location system is an electrical system that stops power transmission in an environment where a surge waveform generated between an overhead line and a panda graph is observed during train travel, such as a railway feeder. It is necessary to separate the surge from the accident and the surge from the traveling train. Although there is a difference between the amplitudes of both surges, a surge from a running train is generated even in the event of an electrical accident. A surge below a certain level is treated as noise, and the surge waveform above a certain level is roughly A method for estimating the point of occurrence of a surge from a simple slope is an extremely effective means.

  According to the fault location system, fault location device FL, and fault location method of the above configuration, even if the noise level fluctuates or the surge waveform rises slowly, the rise point of the surge waveform is more accurate. Therefore, the failure point can be easily determined with high accuracy.

Each of the clock units 16c of the waveform recording devices R _A and R _B receives radio waves from GPS satellites, and measures the time based on a reference time signal synchronized with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). recording apparatus R _a, in each of R _B, based on the accurate time information from the clock unit 16c, since storing surge waveform data in the storage unit 16a in association with the arrival time of the surge waveform reaches the waveform recording device In each of R _A and R _B , the accurate arrival time of the surge waveform can be associated with the surge waveform data, so that the failure point locating apparatus FL can determine the failure point with higher accuracy.

Further, for example, an ON / OFF signal, which is an operation signal of a protection relay for feeders, is input to the waveform recording devices R _A and R _B , and a start point when a change in the ON / OFF signal satisfies a preset start condition at the time of an accident Can be detected by combining the detection of the starting point due to the change in the surge waveform and the detection of the starting point due to the change in the on / off signal, so that the detection of the target feeder line can be performed. The activation point detection function of the activation detection circuit 13 can be selected according to the configuration and the like, and the degree of freedom of installation is increased.

  In addition, the calculation condition setting unit 28 of the fault location device FL adjusts the characteristics of the low-pass filter by the moving average calculation (integration effect) by setting N used for the moving average calculation of the moving average calculation unit 11. And a band for cutting a noise component having a frequency higher than that of the surge waveform can be appropriately adjusted. In addition, the calculation condition setting unit 28 of the failure point locating apparatus FL can adjust the characteristics of the high-pass filter by the difference calculation (differential effect) by setting M used for the calculation of the difference data of the difference data calculation unit 12. The band for cutting the direct current component and the commercial frequency alternating current component (including harmonics) can be appropriately adjusted.

Here, since the sampling frequency of the waveform recording devices R _A and R _B is as high as 10 MHz, it is a phenomenon on a normal transmission line or feeder line that only one sample in the normal surge waveform has a different value before and after that, for example. However, it is highly probable that noise generated in measurement circuits and waveform recorders such as PT with high impedance is included in the surge waveform, and such high-frequency noise components are low-pass filtered by moving average calculation (integration effect) To remove. On the other hand, components other than surges to be observed (DC components, AC components of commercial frequencies and their harmonic components (roughly, such as the offset of the amplifier at the input of the waveform recorder, the AC component in the case of AC transmission lines and feeders) Is removed by a high-pass filter based on a differential operation (differential effect).

  Further, by setting the noise level maximum value detection section Tn of the noise level maximum value detection section 24 by the detection section setting section 29 of the failure point locating device FL, according to the noise situation that differs for each target transmission line. It is possible to appropriately set the optimum noise level maximum value detection section Tn. Further, by setting the surge waveform peak point detection section Tp of the surge waveform peak point detection section 25 by the detection section setting section 29 of the failure point locating device, it is optimum according to the noise situation that differs for each target transmission line. The surge waveform peak point detection section Tp can be set as appropriate.

  In the above embodiment, the failure point locating system, the failure point locating device, and the failure point locating method in the BT feeder type feeder circuit have been described. However, the failure point locating system, the failure point locating device, and the failure point locating method according to the present invention. Method The present invention is not limited to this, and may be applied to fault location in other feeder systems or high-voltage distribution lines, or may be applied to fault location in power transmission systems or distribution systems.

  The function of the failure point locating apparatus FL of the above embodiment is realized by a personal computer or the like by a failure point locating program recorded on the program recording medium. Therefore, such a fault location program can be provided by being recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, or can be provided by using communication means including the Internet.

  Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Voltage input unit 12 ... Input conversion circuit 13 ... Start detection circuit 14 ... A / D conversion circuit 15 ... Contact input / output unit 16 ... Control unit 16a ... Memory | storage part 16b ... Communication part 16c ... Clock part 17 ... Display operation part 18 ... Power supply unit 21 ... Moving average calculation unit 22 ... Difference data calculation unit 23 ... Absolute value conversion unit 24 ... Noise level maximum value detection unit 25 ... Surge waveform peak point detection unit 26 ... Surge waveform arrival time calculation unit 27 ... Fault location part 28 ... operation condition setting unit 29 ... detection interval setting unit ST1 ... feeding circuit substations ST2 ... feeding circuit section post TF ... trolley wire NF ... negative-out wire S _{A, S B} ... surge voltage sensor R _{A, R B} ... waveform Recording device FL ... Fault location device

Claims (8)

A first waveform is recorded at one end of the transmission line or at one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line, and records surge waveform data obtained by sampling the surge waveform in association with an arrival time at which the surge waveform generated on the transmission line arrives. A single waveform recording device;
Surge waveform data that is provided at the other end of the power transmission line or the other end of the predetermined section of the power transmission line and samples the surge waveform in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform generated on the power transmission line has arrived. A second waveform recording device for recording;
A failure point locating device for locating a failure point that is a generation point of the surge waveform from a time difference between arrival times of the surge waveform based on the surge waveform data recorded in the first and second waveform recording devices. ,
The first and second waveform recording devices are
A starting point detecting unit for detecting a starting point when the change of the surge waveform satisfies a preset starting condition;
When the starting point detection unit detects the starting point, each has a storage unit that stores the surge waveform data before and after the starting point,
The above fault location device is
A moving average calculation unit that performs a moving average calculation for each of N pieces (N is an integer of 2 or more) of the surge waveform data stored in the storage unit of the first and second waveform recording devices. When,
Differential data calculation for calculating differential data of the surge waveform by sequentially taking a difference at intervals of M (N is an integer of 2 or more) for each of the surge waveform data calculated by the moving average calculation unit. And
An absolute value converting unit for converting each of the differential data of the surge waveform calculated by the difference data calculating unit into an absolute value;
A noise level maximum value Vn in a preset noise level maximum value detection section before the start point is detected for each of the absolute difference data of the surge waveform converted into an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit. A noise level maximum value detection unit,
For each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform that has been converted to an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit, in the preset surge waveform peak point detection section after the start point, it is closest to the start point side. A surge waveform peak point detector that detects a near maximum point as the peak point P1 of the surge waveform;
The surge waveform peak point P1 detected by the surge waveform peak point detection unit or the surge waveform peak point detection for each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform converted into an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit A point P2 where the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform first falls below the noise level maximum value Vn is detected by going back from the start point of the section, and a zero cross of a straight line passing through the peak point P1 and the point P2 of the surge waveform A surge waveform arrival time calculation unit having a point as the rising point of the surge waveform and the time of the rising point of the surge waveform as the surge waveform arrival time,
Based on the surge waveform arrival time Ta on the first waveform recording device side calculated by the surge waveform arrival time calculation unit and the surge waveform arrival time Tb on the second waveform recording device side, the transmission line is expressed by the following equation. A failure point locating unit for locating a distance X [km] from one end of the transmission line or one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line to a failure point that is the generation point of the surge waveform system.
X = (L + (Ta−Tb) · V) / 2
However, L: Line length [km] of the transmission line (or a predetermined section of the transmission line)
V: Surge propagation speed [km / sec] In the fault location system according to claim 1,
The first and second waveform recording devices are
A clock unit that receives radio waves from GPS satellites and clocks time based on a reference time signal synchronized with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC),
A fault location system, wherein the surge waveform data is stored in the storage unit in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform has arrived, based on time information from the clock unit. In the fault location system according to claim 1 or 2,
The starting point detecting unit of the first and second waveform recording devices detects a starting point when a change in an input on / off signal satisfies a preset starting condition, . In the fault location system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The above fault location device is
A failure point having a calculation condition setting unit for setting at least one of the N pieces used for the moving average calculation of the moving average calculation unit or the difference data of the difference data calculation unit Orientation system. In the fault location system according to at least one of claims 1 to 4,
The above fault location device is
It has a detection section setting section for setting at least one section of the noise level maximum value detection section of the noise level maximum value detection section or the surge waveform peak point detection section of the surge waveform peak point detection section. Fault location system. First surge waveform data obtained by sampling the surge waveform in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform generated on the transmission line arrives at one end of the transmission line or one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line; Based on second surge waveform data obtained by sampling the surge waveform in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform generated on the transmission line arrives at the other end of the electric wire or the predetermined section of the transmission line. A failure point locating device for locating a failure point that is a generation point of the surge waveform from a time difference between arrival times of the first and second surge waveforms,
A moving average calculation unit that performs a moving average calculation for each of N pieces (N is an integer of 2 or more) for each of the first surge waveform data and the second surge waveform data;
Differential data calculation for calculating differential data of the surge waveform by sequentially taking a difference at intervals of M (N is an integer of 2 or more) for each of the surge waveform data calculated by the moving average calculation unit. And
An absolute value converting unit for converting each of the differential data of the surge waveform calculated by the difference data calculating unit into an absolute value;
A noise level maximum value Vn in a preset noise level maximum value detection section before the start point is detected for each of the absolute difference data of the surge waveform converted into an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit. A noise level maximum value detection unit,
For each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform that has been converted to an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit, in the preset surge waveform peak point detection section after the start point, it is closest to the start point side. A surge waveform peak point detector that detects a near maximum point as the peak point P1 of the surge waveform;
The surge waveform peak point P1 detected by the surge waveform peak point detection unit or the surge waveform peak point detection for each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform converted into an absolute value by the absolute value conversion unit A point P2 where the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform first falls below the noise level maximum value Vn is detected by going back from the start point of the section, and a zero cross of a straight line passing through the peak point P1 and the point P2 of the surge waveform A surge waveform arrival time calculation unit having a point as the rising point of the surge waveform and the time of the rising point of the surge waveform as the surge waveform arrival time,
Based on the surge waveform arrival time Ta of the first surge waveform data calculated by the surge waveform arrival time calculation unit and the surge waveform arrival time Tb of the second surge waveform data, one end of the transmission line is expressed by the following equation: Or a failure point locating unit for locating a distance X [km] from one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line to a failure point that is the generation point of the surge waveform.
X = (L + (Ta−Tb) · V) / 2
However, L: Line length [km] of the transmission line (or a predetermined section of the transmission line)
V: Surge propagation speed [km / sec] First surge waveform data obtained by sampling the surge waveform in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform generated on the transmission line arrives at one end of the transmission line or one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line; Based on second surge waveform data obtained by sampling the surge waveform in association with the arrival time at which the surge waveform generated on the transmission line arrives at the other end of the electric wire or the predetermined section of the transmission line. A failure point locating method for locating a failure point that is a generation point of the surge waveform from a time difference between arrival times of the first and second surge waveforms,
A moving average calculation step for performing a moving average calculation for each of N pieces (N is an integer of 2 or more) for each of the first surge waveform data and the second surge waveform data;
Difference data calculation for calculating differential data of the surge waveform by sequentially taking a difference at intervals of M (N is an integer of 2 or more) for each of the surge waveform data calculated by the moving average calculation step. Steps,
An absolute value converting step for converting each of the differential data of the surge waveform calculated in the differential data calculating step into an absolute value;
A noise level maximum value Vn in a preset noise level maximum value detection section before the start point is detected for each of the absolute value data of the surge waveform that has been converted to an absolute value in the absolute value conversion step. Noise level maximum value detection step to perform,
For each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform that has been converted to an absolute value by the absolute value conversion step, in a preset surge waveform peak point detection section after the start point, the closest to the start point side A surge waveform peak point detecting step for detecting the maximum point as the peak point P1 of the surge waveform;
The surge waveform peak point P1 detected by the surge waveform peak point detection step or the surge waveform peak point detection section for each of the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform converted into absolute values by the absolute value conversion step. The point P2 where the differential absolute value data of the surge waveform first falls below the noise level maximum value Vn is detected by going back in time from the start point, and the zero cross point of the straight line passing through the peak point P1 and the point P2 of the surge waveform And a surge waveform arrival time calculating step in which the rise time of the surge waveform is the surge waveform arrival time.
Based on the surge waveform arrival time Ta of the first surge waveform data calculated in the surge waveform arrival time calculation step and the surge waveform arrival time Tb of the second surge waveform data, one end of the transmission line is expressed by the following equation: Or a failure point locating method comprising a failure point locating step of locating a distance X [km] from one end of a predetermined section of the transmission line to a failure point which is the generation point of the surge waveform.
X = (L + (Ta−Tb) · V) / 2
However, L: Line length [km] of the transmission line (or a predetermined section of the transmission line)
V: Surge propagation speed [km / sec]   A fault location program for causing a computer to execute the fault location method according to claim 7.

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