JP5412766B2 - Electronic musical instruments and programs - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument and a program.

  A normal live musical instrument can only be played with a single tone, but an electronic musical instrument can be selected with various sounds according to the user's preference. It is possible to enjoy. However, if this electronic musical instrument is a keyboard instrument, it is possible to perform an extremely simple operation by simply turning the keyboard on and off. Of course, it is possible to control the tone, volume, pitch, etc. of the generated musical tone by controlling the key-pressing speed of the keyboard, but with this alone, for example, when playing non-keyboard instruments such as violins and wind instruments It is not possible to add delicate musical expressions.

  In order to solve this, for example, in a keyboard musical instrument, various ideas have been made in order to give a change similar to that of a violin, a wind musical instrument or the like to a musical sound generated by pressing a key. For example, it is common to provide a rotatable wheel at the left end of a keyboard instrument, operate the wheel with the open hand, change the pitch of the musical sound generated by the rotation angle, or control the vibrato Has been done.

  Further, in Patent Document 1, a function as a pitch bend operator is given in advance to a predetermined plurality of keys without using a wheel for pitch change (pitch bend) as described above, and a key that functions as a pitch bend operator is provided. There has been proposed a keyboard instrument that can change the pitch of a musical sound during operation.

Patent Document 2 proposes an electronic stringed instrument that can simulate a tapping harmonics playing method. In the electronic stringed instrument disclosed in Patent Document 2, when a string is operated at a certain fret position and a corresponding musical tone is being sounded, and a fret position with a certain pitch difference is pressed, The musical sound changes to a harmonic sound.
JP 2000-315082 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-187156

  For example, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, a plurality of keys for bend-up, a plurality of keys for bend-down, and a key for operation for returning the pitch located at the center thereof are used for pitch bend. It is used. Therefore, this pitch bend key cannot be operated with the hand that presses the key for sound generation (for example, the right hand), but must be operated with the other hand (for example, the left hand). For this reason, it is difficult to concentrate consciousness on one hand, and it is difficult to add delicate musical expressions.

  Further, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2, the musical tone being generated (normal musical tone) is simply switched to another tone color, so that the expression itself is monotonous. For this reason, it was not possible to perform complicated expressions that we wanted to incorporate into the performance.

  Furthermore, there are issues that must be considered in order to add more delicate musical expressions. It is a mechanical noise sound that is generated by a performance operation unique to a non-keyboard instrument when the non-keyboard instrument is played. For example, a noise generated from chatter of a bow or a string such as a rubbing sound generated when a bow and a string are rubbed with a violin or an air pressure sound leaking from a mouthpiece with a wind instrument corresponds to this.

  This performance operation sound greatly depends on the performance method of the performer, and the music expression intended by the performer is generated by mixing it with the musical sound generated by this performance operation sound with a normal non-keyboard instrument. It can be said that it is added to the music to be played.

  In the above Patent Documents 1 and 2, no consideration is given to such a point.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument and a program that can be added to a musical sound that generates a complicated musical expression that can be performed only with a non-keyboard instrument by performing a simple and easy-to-understand operation of the keyboard instrument.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention
A keyboard having a plurality of keys;
For each key of the keyboard, a plurality of switches that are sequentially turned on as the keys are pressed are provided, and a key pressing speed detecting unit that detects a key pressing speed based on a time difference between the ON times of the plurality of switches. When,
Waveform data storage means for storing, for each tone color, first waveform data representing a tone of the tone and second waveform data representing a sound effect associated with the tone represented by the first waveform data ;
When the first key is pressed in a state where none of the keys on the keyboard is pressed, the designated pitch stored in the waveform data storage means is assigned to the pitch assigned to the pressed key. First musical tone signal data generating means for generating first musical tone signal data by reading out the first waveform data of the selected timbre and adding a first envelope;
The second key located within a predetermined range on the keyboard within a predetermined time from the time when the first key is pressed and within the predetermined range on the basis of the pressed first key The second waveform data corresponding to the first waveform data is read from the waveform data storage means at the pitch associated with the pitch assigned to the first key, and the second envelope is obtained. A second musical tone signal data generating means for generating second musical tone signal data by adding,
A first key pressing speed detected with the key pressing of the first key and a second key pressing speed detected with the key pressing of the second key by the key pressing speed detecting means; An envelope control means for controlling a second envelope added to the second waveform data based on the calculated speed difference;
It is characterized by having.

In the invention of claim 2,
The envelope control means has the second waveform as the key pressing speed detected with the pressing of the second key becomes larger than the key pressing speed detected with the first key. Control is performed such that the attack rate of the second envelope added to the data is increased .

In the invention of claim 3,
The envelope control unit corrects the speed difference based on a timing difference between a key pressing timing of the first key and a key pressing timing of the second key .

In the invention of claim 4,
The electronic musical instrument further includes a mute instruction means for instructing mute of a musical sound produced by the first and second musical sound signal data when the first key is released .

In the invention of claim 5,
The electronic musical instrument is further pressed within a predetermined second time from when the first musical tone signal data is generated and the second musical tone signal data is generated. Control for controlling the first musical tone signal data and the second musical tone signal data when a third key located within a predetermined range on the keyboard is depressed with the first key as a reference It has the means .

In the invention of claim 6,
The electronic musical instrument further includes vibrato imparting means for imparting vibrato to the first and second musical tone signal data,
The control means includes a first timing difference between a key pressing timing of the third key and a key pressing timing of the second key, and a key pressing timing of the second key and the first key. And calculating the second timing difference between the first and second musical tone signal data based on the difference between the first timing difference and the second timing difference. It has a vibrato control means for controlling the vibrato to be performed.

In the invention of claim 7,
The control means further calculates a difference between the key pressing speeds detected by the key pressing speed detecting means with the key pressing of the second and third keys, and based on the difference, It is characterized by controlling the volume levels of the musical tone signal data and the second musical tone signal data .

In the invention of claim 8,
A keyboard having a plurality of keys, and a plurality of switches that are sequentially turned on as each key of the keyboard is pressed, and a key pressing speed based on a time difference between each of the plurality of switches. And a second waveform representing a sound effect associated with the musical tone represented by the first waveform data, and a first waveform data representing the musical tone of the timbre, and a second waveform representing a sound effect associated with the musical tone represented by the first waveform data. A computer applied to an electronic musical instrument having waveform data storage means for storing data;
When the first key is pressed in a state where none of the keys on the keyboard is pressed, the designated pitch stored in the waveform data storage means is assigned to the pitch assigned to the pressed key. A first musical tone signal data generating step of generating first musical tone signal data by reading out the first waveform data of the selected timbre and adding a first envelope;
The second key located within a predetermined range on the keyboard within a predetermined time from the time when the first key is pressed and within the predetermined range on the basis of the pressed first key The second waveform data corresponding to the first waveform data is read from the waveform data storage means at the pitch associated with the pitch assigned to the first key, and the second envelope is obtained. A second musical sound signal data generating step for generating second musical sound signal data by adding,
A first key pressing speed detected with the key pressing of the first key and a second key pressing speed detected with the key pressing of the second key by the key pressing speed detecting means; An envelope control step of controlling a second envelope added to the second waveform data based on the calculated speed difference;
Is executed.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to add a complicated and delicate performance expression to a musical sound being generated by a simple and easy-to-understand performance operation.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the electronic musical instrument according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment includes a CPU 11, a ROM 12, a RAM 13, a sound system 14, a display unit 15, a keyboard 17, and an operation unit 18.

  The CPU 11 controls the entire electronic musical instrument 10, detects on / off of keys on the keyboard 17, detects operation of switches (not shown) constituting the operation unit 18, and controls the sound system 14 according to operation of the keyboard 17 and switches. I do. In particular, in the present embodiment, the CPU 11 generates control information for generating new musical tone signal data when a predetermined other key is turned on while the key of the keyboard 17 is turned on.

  The ROM 12 detects the on / off state of the keys constituting the keyboard 17, the switch constituting the operation unit 18, the musical tone signal processing based on the key on the keyboard 17, and a predetermined other key is turned on while the key is on. A processing program such as a new musical tone signal generation process is stored. The RAM 13 stores a program read from the ROM 12 and data generated in the course of processing.

  The ROM 12 also has a data area for storing waveform data for generating musical sounds such as piano, guitar, bass drum, snare drum, and cymbal. This waveform data is appropriately selected and designated by an external operation. As will be described later, in the present embodiment, for each tone color, the first waveform data representing the musical tone of the tone color and the performance operation sound generated along with the performance operation at the time of generating the tone tone tone are generated. Effect waveform data which is second waveform data to be expressed.

  For example, a performance sound is generated from a performance operator or chatter of a string such as a rubbing sound generated when the bow and string are rubbed with a violin, or an air pressure sound leaking from a mouthpiece with a wind instrument. It represents mechanical noise.

  The sound system 14 includes a sound source unit 21, an audio circuit 22, and a speaker 23. For example, when the tone generator 21 receives control information including the pitch information, tone color information, waveform data selection information, and velocity information of the depressed key from the CPU 11, the tone generator 21 reads the tone color information and waveform data from the data area of the ROM 12. Waveform data in accordance with the selection information is read out, and musical tone signal data based on the pitch information and velocity information indicated in the pitch information and envelope information corresponding to the tone color is generated and output. The audio circuit 22 D / A converts and amplifies the musical sound signal data. Thereby, an acoustic signal is output from the speaker 23.

  FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing processing executed by the electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment. First, the CPU 11 of the electronic musical instrument 10 performs an initialization process including clearing of control information, for example, key pressing information (key on time and off time) temporarily stored in the RAM 13 and pronunciation information (step 201). . When the initialization process (step 201) ends, the CPU 11 detects a switch operation of the operation unit 18 and executes a switch process for executing a process according to the detected operation (step 202). In the switch process, switching of a timbre designation switch (not shown) is detected.

  In the present embodiment, the operation is performed in either the normal mode or the rich mode. In the normal mode, when the key is turned on, only the first musical tone signal data having the pitch corresponding to the depressed key is generated. In the rich mode, the first musical tone signal is generated. In addition to the data, second tone signal data is generated when another predetermined key is turned on while the key is on.

  The second musical tone signal data generated in the rich mode constitutes performance noise and performance operation sound that are derived from the expression of the performer with an actual live musical instrument. In the present embodiment, “velocity” means a velocity defined in a so-called MIDI standard and indicates the strength of a musical sound. In this specification, the speed (key pressing speed) is expressed as “key pressing speed” as it is.

  In accordance with the switch state detected in the switch process (step 202), the tone color information and the information indicating the performance mode are stored in the RAM 13. Next, the CPU 11 generates image data to be displayed on the display unit 15 and displays it on the screen of the display unit 15 (step 203). For example, on / off of an LED (not shown) arranged adjacent to the switch of the operation unit 18 is also performed in step 203.

  Thereafter, the CPU 11 detects the on / off state of each key on the keyboard 17 (step 204). In the present embodiment, each key is provided with two switches (not shown), and the two switches are sequentially turned on at different times as the key is pressed. Therefore, in step 304, the CPU 11 detects the state of each of the two switches of each key, and stores the time (timing) when the switch is newly turned on in the RAM 13. Similarly, the CPU 11 stores the time when the switch is newly turned off in the RAM 13 for the switch newly turned off.

  Next, the CPU 11 outputs control information for generating musical tone signal data with tone pitch, tone color, waveform data and velocity according to the depressed key in accordance with the set performance mode to the sound source unit 21 of the sound system. (Step 205). In the performance process of step 205, when the sound source unit 21 receives the control information from the CPU 11, it reads out the waveform data of the specified tone color from the data area of the ROM 12 at a speed according to the pitch, and at the specified velocity. Generate a musical tone signal. Thereafter, the CPU 11 performs other necessary processing for operating the electronic musical instrument 10 (step 206), and returns to step 202.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the performance processing according to the present embodiment in more detail. As shown in FIG. 3, the CPU 11 determines whether or not there is a newly pressed key (step 301). In the present embodiment, as the key is pressed and the key stroke is increased, the two switches of the key are turned on. The CPU 11 refers to the state of the switch stored in the RAM 15 by the key depression detection process (step 204), and when it finds a key in which the two switches are newly turned on, determines YES in step 301. .

  When it is determined Yes in step 301, the CPU 11 determines whether or not the performance mode is the rich mode (step 302). When it is determined No in step 302, the CPU 11 executes a tone signal generation process in the normal mode (step 303). In step 303, as in the conventional electronic musical instrument, the key pressing speed is calculated based on the time difference between the ON times of the two switches of the key pressed, the velocity corresponding to the key pressing speed is calculated, and the key is pressed. The control information indicating the pitch, the specified tone color, and the calculated velocity is output to the sound source unit 21.

  If it is determined Yes in step 302, a musical tone signal generation process in the rich mode is executed (step 304). The process in step 304 will be described later. Thereafter, the CPU 11 determines whether or not there is a key release (step 305). In the present embodiment, the CPU 11 refers to the state of the switch stored in the RAM 15 by the key depression detection process (step 204), and when it finds a key in which two switches are newly turned off, It is judged as Yes in 305. When it is determined Yes in step 305, the CPU 11 determines whether or not the performance mode is the rich mode (step 306).

  If it is determined No in step 306, the CPU 11 outputs control information including information for instructing the pitch and mute of the released key to the sound source unit 21 in the normal mode. The sound source unit 21 performs a mute process based on the received information (step 307). If it is determined as Yes in step 306, the CPU 11 executes a sound muting process in the rich mode (step 308). The process in step 308 will be described later.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the tone signal generation process (step 304) in the rich mode according to the present embodiment. First, the CPU 11 determines whether or not the pressed key corresponds to a sounding key (step 401). In the present embodiment, when a new key is turned on in the absence of an on-state key, it is determined that the key is a pronunciation key as the first key.

  In addition, when the sounding key is turned on, a second key located within a predetermined time range from the time when the sounding key is pressed and within a predetermined range on the pressed key is turned on. Then, the key is determined to be an effect key for adding the performance operation sound described above to the sound generated by the sound generation key. If it is determined Yes in step 401, the CPU 11 calculates the velocity corresponding to the key pressing speed of the tone generation key, and provides control information indicating the pitch that has been pressed, the specified tone color, and the calculated velocity. Generate and output to the sound source unit 21 (step 402). Step 402 is the same as step 303 in FIG.

  In the present embodiment, the key pressing time of a key (sounding key or effect key) is the time when both of the two switches of the key are turned on. The key release time is the time when both of the two switches of the key are turned off.

  On the other hand, if it is determined No in step 401, the CPU 11 determines whether the pressed key is an effect key (step 403). For example, if a key within one octave above and below the pitch of the sounding key is turned on within a predetermined time t1 from the time when the sounding key is pressed, the key is determined to be an effect key. By determining that the effect key has been pressed, in this embodiment, a sound effect associated with the music sound is generated and added to the music sound generated by pressing the sound generation key. If it is determined No in step 403, the process ends.

  If it is determined Yes in step 403, the CPU 11 calculates a difference ΔV (= V1−V2) between the key press speed V1 of the sounding key and the key press speed V2 of the effect key (step 404). Next, the CPU 11 calculates the attack rate of the performance operation sound to be added to the musical tone related to the tone generation key based on the key pressing speed difference ΔV, and calculates the velocity of the sound effect (step 405).

  By using this ΔV, it corresponds to the performance operation sound depending on whether the key pressing speed of the key pressed first is relatively faster or slower than the key pressing speed of the key pressed thereafter. The attack rate of the envelope added to the musical sound can be changed.

  For example, in the case of a violin, the squealing sound (performance operation sound) generated as the pressing force against the bowstring increases, and the generated musical sound as a whole becomes a hysterical sound, that is, a sound with a different attack rate. In this embodiment, ΔV is used in order to express the change in the force to hold the bow in the actual performance by the keyboard operation.

  The same applies to the wind instrument, and the air pressure sound leaking from the mouthpiece becomes the performance operation sound. This depends on the change in the force of breathing, that is, the force applied to the diaphragm, and can be expressed using ΔV.

  FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of a table in which ΔV is associated with an attack rate. The table is stored in the ROM 12 and is referred to by the CPU 11. The attack rate is a value that specifies the degree of increase of the envelope when the tone of the musical tone is started (that is, the angle of the envelope at the time of attack), similar to the attack rate generally used in electronic musical instruments. .

In the example of FIG. 6A, when ΔV is zero, that is, when the key-pressing speed of the sounding key and the key-pressing speed of the effect key are the same, the attack rate takes an intermediate value 63 and ΔV increases. Accordingly, the attack rate increases linearly. In other words, the faster the key press speed of the effect key is higher than the key press speed of the pronunciation key, the greater the attack rate of the sound effect, while the key press speed of the sound effect is higher than the key press speed of the sound generation key. The slower the rate, the smaller the sound effect attack rate.
Further, in the present embodiment, the CPU 11 calculates a half (V1 / 2) of the velocity V1 based on the key pressing speed of the pronunciation key as the velocity of the musical tone of the effect key.

  Next, the CPU 11 specifies second waveform data associated with the first waveform data generated by turning on the sound generation key (step 406).

  FIG. 5 shows the contents stored in the waveform data area 50 in the ROM 12. In this area, first waveform data and second waveform data corresponding to the first waveform data are stored. Piano waveform data 51-1, violin waveform data 52-1, trumpet waveform data 53- are stored as the first waveform data. 1 etc. are stored.

  The waveform data of the performance operation sound that is the second waveform data associated with the first waveform data is stored in the waveform data area of the ROM 12. For example, when this waveform is a piano tone (piano waveform data 51-1), it is piano string resonance data 51-2 including piano strings and box sounds, and is a violin tone (violin waveform data 52-1). In this case, it is the string friction noise data 52-2 including the friction noise between the string and the bow. In the case of a trumpet tone (trumpet waveform data 53-1), the air pressure noise data 53-2 includes air pressure noise. Although not shown, the same applies to other timbres, and the performance operation sound generated when the musical instrument is played is stored as the second waveform data.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the CPU 11 specifies the waveform data corresponding to the performance operation sound associated with the tone color (waveform data) used in generating the tone key tone signal.

  Thereafter, the CPU 11 generates control information including information for selecting the calculated velocity, attack rate, waveform data of the performance operation sound, and the pitch of the pronunciation key, and outputs the control information to the sound source unit 21 (step 407). Thereby, the sound source unit 21 generates musical tone signal data corresponding to the performance operation sound based on the control information.

  Next, the sound muting process (step 308 in FIG. 3) in the rich mode will be described.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the musical sound muting process (step 308) in the rich mode according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the CPU 11 determines whether or not the released key corresponds to the pronunciation key (step 701). If it is determined Yes in step 701, the CPU 11 provides control information including information for instructing mute to the tone signal data for the released key and the tone signal data for the effect key. The sound is output to the sound source unit 21. The sound source unit 21 performs a mute process based on the received information (step 702).

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of an envelope of musical sound signal data that is generated when the sound generation key is turned on and an envelope of musical sound signal data that is generated when the effect key is turned on.

  As shown in FIG. 8, as the sound generation key is turned on, musical tone signal data of a predetermined tone color is generated with a constant envelope (see reference numeral 800). Thereafter, when the effect key is turned on, musical tone signal data indicating the performance operation sound associated with the predetermined tone color is generated (see reference numeral 810). The attack rate (symbol 811) of the tone signal data is determined by the difference between the key-pressing speed of the sounding key and the key-pressing speed of the effect key, as described above. Since the velocity of the musical tone signal data of the performance operation sound is half of the velocity of the musical tone signal data based on the tone generation key, the maximum level V2 of the effect key envelope is V1 / 2 in FIG.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, when the sound generation key is turned off, both the sound signal data 800 for the sound generation key and the sound signal data 810 for the effect key are silenced.

  According to the present embodiment, the key is located within a predetermined range on the keyboard within a predetermined time from the time when the first key is pressed and with the first key being pressed as a reference. When the second key is pressed, the CPU 11 generates control information including information for selecting the second waveform data corresponding to the performance operation sound, using the second key as an effect key, and generates a sound source unit. 21. Thereby, the sound source unit 21 generates musical tone signal data for the effect key. As a result, the tone signal data for the effect key can be added to the tone signal data for the tone generation key.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the CPU 11 controls the attack rate in the tone signal data for the effect key based on the speed difference between the key pressing speed for the sounding key and the key pressing speed for the effect key. . Accordingly, the tone signal data for the effect key having a desired attack rate can be generated by pressing the effect key at a certain speed in consideration of the key pressing speed of the tone generation key.

  For example, the CPU 11 performs control such that the attack rate of the musical tone signal data for the effect key increases as the key pressing speed of the effect key becomes higher than the key pressing speed of the tone generation key. As a result, the performer can freely control the attack rate of the tone signal by adjusting the key-pressing speed of the effect key. As a result, it is possible to add a musical expression intended by the performer to the generated musical sound.

  Further, in the present embodiment, when the sound generation key is released, the CPU 11 instructs to mute both the sound signal data for the sound generation key and the sound signal data for the effect key. As a result, the performer need only be aware of the operation of the sounding key for muting.

  In the above-described embodiment, when the released key corresponds to the sounding key, both the sound signal data for the sounding key and the sound signal data for the effect key are silenced. However, when the released key is an effect key, the mute process may be performed only on the tone signal data for the effect key.

  FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing another example of the sound muting process (step 308) in the rich mode according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 9, in this example, the CPU 11 determines whether or not the released key corresponds to the pronunciation key (step 701). When it is determined Yes in step 701, the CPU 11 generates control information including information for instructing to mute the musical tone signal data for the released key, and outputs the control information to the sound source unit 21 (step 701). 902). In addition, if the sound signal processing for the effect key is not performed (No in step 903), the CPU 11 includes information for instructing the sound signal data for the effect key to be muted. The control information is output to the sound source unit 21 (step 905).

  Even if No is determined in step 901, if the released key is an effect key (Yes in step 904), the CPU 11 instructs the sound signal data for the effect key to mute. Is output to the sound source unit 21 (step 905). As a result, as shown in FIG. 10, when the effect key is turned off while the sound generation key is in the on state, the mute processing of the musical tone signal data 1010 for the effect key is executed. After that, when the sound generation key is turned off, the mute processing of the musical tone signal data 1000 for the sound generation key is executed.

  In the above embodiment, the attack rate is directly determined based on the difference ΔV (= V1−V2) between the key press speed V1 of the sound generation key and the key press speed V2 of the effect key. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Instead, the weight W for the attack rate of the tone signal data of the tone generation key may be obtained by the difference ΔV.

  FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example of a table for calculating the weight W for the attack rate. In FIG. 6B, the vertical axis represents the weight. The weight is multiplied by the attack rate of the tone signal data for the tone generation key, and the multiplication result is used as the attack rate of the tone signal data by the effect key.

  In the example of FIG. 6B, when ΔV is zero, that is, when the key-pressing speed of the sounding key and the key-pressing speed of the effect key are the same, the weight is 1, and the tone signal data and the effect of the sounding key The attack rate of the key tone signal data is the same. As ΔV increases, the attack rate increases according to the weight.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the second embodiment, ΔV is further given a weight in consideration of the time difference between the keying time of the sounding key and the keying time of the effect key. Based on the weighted ΔV ′, the musical tone signal by the effect key is given. The data attack rate is determined.

  FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a tone signal generation process in the rich mode according to the second embodiment. 11, steps 1101 to 1104 are the same as steps 401 to 404 in FIG.

  Next, the CPU 11 calculates the time difference Δt = t2−t1 between the key press times with reference to the key press time t1 of the sound generation key and the key press time t2 of the effect key, and the effect to be added to the musical sound related to the sound generation key. ΔV ′ for determining the attack rate of the musical tone signal data is calculated as follows. The CPU 11 calculates a weighted speed difference ΔV ′ = ΔV * (T / Δt) based on the key pressing speed difference ΔV and the time difference Δt (step 1105). T is a predetermined constant.

  Next, using the weighted difference ΔV ′, the CPU 11 refers to the tables shown in FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B to obtain the attack rate and the weight by which the attack rate is multiplied.

  In the second embodiment, since a weight of T / Δt is given to ΔV, ΔV ′ increases as the time difference between the key press time of the sounding key and the key press of the effect key increases. The attack rate of the musical tone signal data that is generated as the key is depressed increases.

  Here, the reason why Δt is used as the weight will be described. In general, when the human mind is elevated, not only the pressing force of the keyboard but also the pressing interval tends to be shortened. This is not limited to the keyboard, but the tempo and how to take beats are the same. Therefore, if the pressing force on the keyboard increases or the interval between key presses becomes shorter, it is judged that the performer's heart is uplifted, and the player's thoughts can be expressed more faithfully by making the tone more hysterical. It seems to be. For this reason, in the second embodiment, the sound effect is controlled using Δt, which is closely related to the enhancement of the performer's heart.

  As in the first embodiment, the velocity may be ½ of the velocity based on the key press speed of the sounding key.

  Steps 1107 and 1108 are the same as steps 406 and 407 in FIG. 4, and the sound source unit 21 generates sound signal data of sound effects based on the control information generated by the CPU 11.

  According to the second embodiment, the control unit corrects the speed difference ΔV based on the time difference between the key press time of the sounding key and the key press of the effect key, and the corrected speed difference ΔV. Based on ', the attack rate in the musical tone signal data for the effect key is controlled. As a result, it is possible to determine the attack rate of the tone signal data for the effect key in consideration of not only the key press speed but also the key press time of the effect key, so that the tone signal data more reflecting the expression by the player is generated. It becomes possible.

  Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the third embodiment, the musical expression of the vibrato performance method frequently used in guitar performance is to be added more faithfully. Here, the key is turned on when the sounding key and the effect key are turned on, and when another third key located within a certain range from the time when the sounding key is turned on is turned on within a certain time. Accordingly, a musical expression of vibrato performance is given to the musical tone signal data being generated. In the third embodiment, this third key is referred to as a second effect key.

  FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a musical sound signal generation process in the rich mode according to the third embodiment. In the third embodiment, the CPU 11 executes the process shown in FIG. 4 and proceeds to the process shown in FIG. 12 without ending the process when it is determined No in step 403. Therefore, the generation of the tone signal data for the tone generation key (steps 401 and 402 in FIG. 4) and the generation of the tone signal data for the effect key (steps 403 to 407) are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  When it is determined No in step 403, the CPU 11 determines whether or not the pressed third key corresponds to the second effect key (step 1201). For example, if a key within one octave above and below the pitch of the sounding key is turned on within a predetermined time t2 from the time when the sounding key is pressed, it is determined that the key is the second effect key. Note that turning on the second effect key (third key) is not limited to once, and the second effect key can be turned on multiple times.

  If it is determined Yes in step 1201, the CPU 11 presses the key-pressing time of the second effect key that was turned on this time and the key (effect key or second effect key) that was pressed last time. A time difference Δt (n) from the time is calculated (step 1202). This time difference t (n) is stored in the RAM 13. Next, the CPU 11 reads the previous time difference t (n−1) stored in the RAM 13 and calculates a time difference difference dΔt = Δt (n) −Δt (n−1) (step 1203). In this way, when the keys corresponding to the second effect keys are pressed one after another, this dΔt changes one after another.

  This change is associated with, for example, a period of pitch fluctuation of a performance called vibrato that rocks a stringed portion of a guitar on a fret. For this reason, if dΔt is used as a temporal fluctuation of vibrato or modulation, it becomes possible to control a timbre that expresses the psychology of a human performing.

  Further, the CPU 11 calculates a velocity V (n) based on the key pressing speed of the second effect key turned on this time (step 1204). The velocity V (n) calculated in step 1204 is also stored in the RAM 13. The CPU 11 reads the previous velocity V (n−1) stored in the RAM and calculates the velocity difference dVel = V (n) −V (n−1) (step 1205).

  Thereafter, the CPU 11 generates vibrato control information for controlling the vibrato of both the musical tone signal data based on the pronunciation key and the musical tone signal data based on the effect key based on the difference dΔt of the time difference (step 1206), and the pronunciation key. Volume level control information for controlling the volume level of the musical tone signal data and the musical tone signal data for the effect key is generated (step 1207).

  For example, in step 1206, the CPU 11 refers to the pitch change amount table in which the time difference difference dΔt and the pitch change amount of the vibrato are associated with each other, obtains the pitch change amount, and also determines the difference dΔt and the speed in the vibrato ( The modulation rate is acquired with reference to the modulation table in which the modulation rate is associated. The CPU 11 outputs these as vibrato control information to the sound source unit 21. Based on the vibrato control information, the sound source unit 21 changes the tone width of the tone signal data for the tone generation key and the tone signal data for the effect key according to the pitch change amount, and sets the tone rate to the duration rate. Therefore, the speed in the pitch change is changed.

  FIG. 13A shows an example of the pitch change amount table, and FIG. 13B shows an example of the modulation table. These tables are stored in the ROM 12. As shown in FIG. 13A, the amount of change in pitch decreases as the difference dΔt increases. Further, as the difference dΔt increases, the modulation rate also decreases. That is, the greater the time difference of this time is, the greater the time difference from the previous time, that is, the slower the timing at which the second effect key is turned on, the smaller the vibrato pitch change amount and the modulation rate. The effect of vibrato is reduced.

  In step 1207, the CPU 11 refers to the volume level change amount table in which the velocity difference dVel is associated with the change amount of the volume level, acquires the change amount of the volume level, and uses the volume level control information as the volume level control information. The sound is output to the sound source unit 21. The sound source unit 21 changes the volume level of the tone signal data for the tone generation key and the tone signal data for the effect key based on the volume level control information.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a volume level change amount table. As shown in FIG. 14, the volume level change amount increases as the velocity difference dVel increases. That is, the volume of the musical sound signal data (musical sound signal data based on the sounding key and musical sound signal data based on the effect key) that is sounded increases as the key-pressing speed of the second effect key increases.

  In the third embodiment, the pitch change amount and the modulation rate for vibrato are controlled based on the time difference difference dΔt. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the CPU 11 is based on the time difference difference dΔt. May calculate the pitch change amount of the pitch bend and output this to the sound source unit 21 as control information. In this case, the sound source unit 21 uses the pitch included in the control information to generate the pitch of the tone signal data that is sounding (music signal data for the tone key and tone signal data for the effect key) based on the control information. Change according to the amount of change.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating another example of the pitch change amount table. In this example, when the difference dΔt is negative, the pitch change amount is positive, that is, the pitch change amount increases as the pitch increases and the difference dΔt increases (closes to “0”). Get smaller. On the other hand, when the difference dΔt is positive, the pitch change amount is negative, that is, the pitch decreases, and the pitch change amount increases as the difference dΔt increases.

  According to the third embodiment, after the sound generation key and the effect key are pressed, the CPU 11 presses the third key located in the predetermined second range within the predetermined second time. In this case, the third key is used as the second effect key, and control information for changing the tone signal data for the tone generation key and the tone signal data for the effect key is generated. As a result, the tone signal data for the tone generation key and the tone signal data for the effect key change. Therefore, by further pressing the third and subsequent keys, it is possible to further change the musical tone signal data being generated, and to realize a richer expression by the performer.

  In the third embodiment, the first time difference between the key press time of the second effect key and the key press time of the other key that was pressed immediately before, and the other A difference between a key pressing time and a second time difference between the key pressing time of the key pressed one more time before is calculated, and on the basis of this difference, musical tone signal data for the sounding key and Controls vibrato in tone signal data for effect keys. Therefore, by adjusting the time at which the second effect key is pressed, the performer can freely control the musical expression by vibrato that is added to the musical tone being sounded.

  In the third embodiment, the difference between the velocity obtained from the key pressing speed of the second effect key and the velocity obtained from the key pressing speed of the key that was previously pressed is calculated. The volume level of the musical tone signal data for the tone generation key and the musical tone signal data for the effect key is adjusted based on the calculated difference. Therefore, by adjusting the key pressing speed of the third and subsequent keys, it becomes possible to generate a musical sound at a volume level intended by the performer.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and these are also included in the scope of the present invention. Needless to say.

  In the above-described embodiment, the musical tone signal data for the effect key has the same pitch as the pitch of the sounding key, but is not limited to this, and the pitch of the sounding key is used as the fundamental frequency. By setting the higher harmonic frequency, the resonance signal of the musical sound generated by pressing the sounding key may be generated by pressing the effect key.

  In the above embodiment, the velocity of the tone signal data for the effect key is ½ of the velocity of the tone signal data for the sound key, but is not limited to this. For example, the velocity of both is It may be the same.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the electronic musical instrument according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing processing executed by the electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the performance processing according to the present embodiment in more detail. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the tone signal generation process (step 304) in the rich mode according to the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of waveform data stored in the waveform data area according to the present embodiment. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of a table in which ΔV is associated with an attack rate in order to calculate an attack rate, and FIG. 6B is a table in which ΔV is associated with a weight to be assigned to the attack rate. It is a figure which shows an example. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the musical sound muting process (step 308) in the rich mode according to the present embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of an envelope of musical sound signal data that is generated when the sound generation key is turned on and an envelope of musical sound signal data that is generated when the effect key is turned on. FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing another example of the sound muting process (step 308) in the rich mode according to the present embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the envelope of the musical sound signal data that is generated when the sound generation key is turned on and the envelope of the musical sound signal data that is generated when the effect key is turned on. FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a tone signal generation process in the rich mode according to the second embodiment. FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a musical sound signal generation process in the rich mode according to the third embodiment. FIG. 13A shows an example of the pitch change amount table, and FIG. 13B shows an example of the modulation table. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a volume level change amount table. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating another example of the pitch change amount table.

Explanation of symbols

10 Electronic musical instrument 11 CPU
12 ROM
13 RAM
14 Sound System 15 Display Unit 17 Keyboard 18 Operation Unit 21 Sound Source Unit 22 Audio Circuit 23 Speaker

Claims (8)

A keyboard having a plurality of keys;
For each key of the keyboard, a plurality of switches that are sequentially turned on as the keys are pressed are provided, and a key pressing speed detecting unit that detects a key pressing speed based on a time difference between the ON times of the plurality of switches. When,
Waveform data storage means for storing, for each tone color, first waveform data representing a tone of the tone and second waveform data representing a sound effect associated with the tone represented by the first waveform data ;
When the first key is pressed in a state where none of the keys on the keyboard is pressed, the designated pitch stored in the waveform data storage means is assigned to the pitch assigned to the pressed key. First musical tone signal data generating means for generating first musical tone signal data by reading out the first waveform data of the selected timbre and adding a first envelope;
The second key located within a predetermined range on the keyboard within a predetermined time from the time when the first key is pressed and within the predetermined range on the basis of the pressed first key The second waveform data corresponding to the first waveform data is read from the waveform data storage means at the pitch associated with the pitch assigned to the first key, and the second envelope is obtained. A second musical tone signal data generating means for generating second musical tone signal data by adding,
A first key pressing speed detected with the key pressing of the first key and a second key pressing speed detected with the key pressing of the second key by the key pressing speed detecting means; An envelope control means for controlling a second envelope added to the second waveform data based on the calculated speed difference;
Electronic musical instrument with   The envelope control means has the second waveform as the key pressing speed detected with the pressing of the second key becomes larger than the key pressing speed detected with the first key. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein control is performed so that an attack rate of the second envelope added to the data is increased.   The envelope control means corrects the speed difference based on a timing difference between a key pressing timing of the first key and a key pressing timing of the second key. Electronic musical instrument.   The electronic musical instrument further includes a mute instruction means for instructing mute of a musical sound generated by the first and second musical sound signal data when the first key is released. Electronic musical instrument.   The electronic musical instrument is further pressed within a predetermined second time from when the first musical tone signal data is generated and the second musical tone signal data is generated. Control for controlling the first musical tone signal data and the second musical tone signal data when a third key located within a predetermined range on the keyboard is depressed with the first key as a reference The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, further comprising means. The electronic musical instrument further includes vibrato imparting means for imparting vibrato to the first and second musical tone signal data,
The control means includes a first timing difference between a key pressing timing of the third key and a key pressing timing of the second key, and a key pressing timing of the second key and the first key. And calculating the second timing difference between the first and second musical tone signal data based on the difference between the first timing difference and the second timing difference. 6. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 5, further comprising vibrato control means for controlling vibrato to be performed.   The control means further calculates a difference between the key pressing speeds detected by the key pressing speed detecting means with the key pressing of the second and third keys, and based on the difference, 6. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 5, wherein the electronic musical instrument controls volume levels of the musical tone signal data and the second musical tone signal data. A keyboard having a plurality of keys, and a plurality of switches that are sequentially turned on as each key of the keyboard is pressed, and a key pressing speed based on a time difference between each of the plurality of switches. And a second waveform representing a sound effect associated with the musical tone represented by the first waveform data, and a first waveform data representing the musical tone of the timbre, and a second waveform representing a sound effect associated with the musical tone represented by the first waveform data. A computer applied to an electronic musical instrument having waveform data storage means for storing data;
When the first key is pressed in a state where none of the keys on the keyboard is pressed, the designated pitch stored in the waveform data storage means is assigned to the pitch assigned to the pressed key. A first musical tone signal data generating step of generating first musical tone signal data by reading out the first waveform data of the selected timbre and adding a first envelope;
The second key located within a predetermined range on the keyboard within a predetermined time from the time when the first key is pressed and within the predetermined range on the basis of the pressed first key The second waveform data corresponding to the first waveform data is read from the waveform data storage means at the pitch associated with the pitch assigned to the first key, and the second envelope is obtained. A second musical sound signal data generating step for generating second musical sound signal data by adding,
A first key pressing speed detected with the key pressing of the first key and a second key pressing speed detected with the key pressing of the second key by the key pressing speed detecting means; An envelope control step of controlling a second envelope added to the second waveform data based on the calculated speed difference;
A program that executes

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