JP5406653B2 - Solar radiation control device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention adjusts the amount of incident external light from the window into the room by adjusting the opening degree of the sunshade provided with a shielding member that blocks at least part of the direct light incident from the window, such as a roll screen. The present invention relates to a solar radiation adjusting device.

  Generally, in an indoor space such as an office where office work is performed, an open / close type sunshade device such as a blind or a lifting type such as a roll screen is used to adjust the amount of incident external light from the building window. The awning device is adopted. The blind can adjust the amount of incident external light by raising and lowering, but the amount of incident external light is mainly adjusted by adjusting the angle of the slats. On the other hand, in the roll screen, the adjustment of the incident amount of external light is performed only by adjusting the opening degree by raising and lowering. In addition to the configuration for manually adjusting the incident amount of external light, these awning devices are also known for a configuration in which the incident amount is adjusted electrically using a motor.

  On the other hand, in recent years, the use of natural energy has been advocated along with global warming, and in order to contribute to energy saving, expectations for using sunlight (daylight), which is a representative of natural energy, increase. ing.

  From such circumstances, by using an electric blind and a roll screen for the sunshade, by automatically raising and lowering the sunshade according to the change in the incident distance of sunlight into the room, the opening degree is automatically adjusted, A technique for reducing an illumination load and an air conditioning load has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 also describes that there is a technique for calculating the altitude and direction of the sun based on the latitude, longitude, azimuth, and time of the room, and adjusting the opening of the sunshade device based on the calculation result.

  Electric blinds and roll screens are used in the sunshade, and the total energy consumption for the relationship between the sunscreen opening and the solar radiation state is obtained in advance by simulation. Based on the simulation results, the lighting load and air conditioning load are calculated. There has also been proposed a technique for controlling the sunshade so as to minimize the total energy consumption, which is the sum of the above (see Patent Document 2).

JP 2000-54762 A JP 2007-120089 A

  As described above, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, the lighting load and the air conditioning load are adjusted by adjusting the opening of the sunshade device based on the change in the incident distance of sunlight into the room or the relative position of the sun with respect to the room. In the technique described in Patent Document 2, the solar direction and the amount of solar radiation are measured as the solar radiation state (the vertical plane illuminance is measured for a plurality of directions), and the total of the lighting load and the air conditioning load is measured. The opening of the sunshade is adjusted to minimize energy consumption.

  By the way, unlike the case where the angle of the slat is adjusted like a blind, when the roll screen is used for the sunshade, the lower end position of the sunshade is moved up and down (that is, moved up and down) to adjust the opening degree. Therefore, it is necessary to allow direct light from sunlight to enter the room. In other words, for the workers or office workers near the window where the sunshade is installed, the illumination on the desk surface changes significantly because the illuminance on the desk surface and the thermal sensation vary greatly with the change in the sunscreen opening. The environment and the thermal environment may deteriorate.

  Under such circumstances, the technique described in Patent Document 1 defines an allowable solar incident distance (because it is a distance that allows direct light to enter, and is hereinafter referred to as “direct directing allowable distance”). A technique for adjusting the opening degree of the sunshade so that the incident distance is equal to the allowable direct exposure distance is employed. However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, the main purpose is to control the incident distance of sunlight so as not to exceed the direct allowable distance, and there is a description that the illumination load and the air conditioning load are reduced. Control associated with the air conditioning load is not performed.

  On the other hand, in the technique described in Patent Document 2, it is possible to control to minimize the total energy consumption of the lighting load and the air conditioning load according to the solar radiation conditions. However, the technique described in Patent Document 2 has been proposed mainly for application to blinds and smart windows, and there are conditions when direct light is incident indoors, such as a sunshade that only moves up and down like a roll screen. Not considered.

  Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 7A, since the blind 8 includes the slat 8a, the direct light of the sun incident from the window 2 is diffused by the slat 8a. Although sunlight can be taken in a relatively wide range, as shown in FIG. 8A, the roll screen 3 irradiates the indoor floor surface 4 that is within the allowable direct exposure distance from the window 2 with direct sunlight. Therefore, sunlight cannot be taken into a wide area in the room.

  Now, when considering cooling, in the case of the blind 8, as shown in FIG. 7B, the energy consumption of the illumination load (broken line) is relatively small even when the opening is small, and conversely the opening is large. Even in this case, the energy consumption of the air conditioning load (solid line) is relatively small. On the other hand, in the case of the roll screen 3, as shown in FIG. 8B, the energy consumption of the lighting load (broken line) increases rapidly in the region where the opening is small, and the air conditioning load (solid line) in the region where the opening is large. The energy consumption of is increasing rapidly. Considering this characteristic, it can be seen that the roll screen 3 requires different control from the blind 8.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned reasons, and its purpose is to consider the incidence of direct light when controlling a sunshade equipped with a shielding member that blocks at least part of the direct sunlight. An object of the present invention is to provide a solar radiation control device that contributes to a reduction in energy consumption due to an air conditioning load.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a shielding member that shields at least part of the direct sunlight incident from the window and moves the shielding member in response to an external instruction to adjust the opening degree. A sunshade that adjusts the direct sunlight allowable distance, which is the maximum distance from the window in the range where direct light incident from the window is irradiated on the floor, and the solar position that calculates the altitude and direction of the sun based on the date and time measured by the clock unit A calculation unit, an opening degree control unit for instructing the opening degree of the sunshade device according to the relationship between the altitude and azimuth obtained by the solar position calculation unit and a window specification including a predetermined window azimuth, and an air conditioning load a cooperative control unit at the time the room is cooled to instruct the opening control unit so as to shorten the direct allowable distance than the heating by, and a luminance sensor that measures the outdoor illumination, the cooperative control unit is direct allowable distance The There is an optimum switching table associated with the outside illuminance, and the optimum opening / closing table is set so that the direct exposure allowable distance monotonously decreases with respect to the outdoor illuminance during cooling by the air conditioning load, and the outdoor illuminance during heating by the air conditioning load. In contrast, the direct-light allowable distance is set so as to increase monotonously .

  Further, as a cooperative control unit, a configuration for calculating the amount of heat that passes through the window using the opening of the sunshade device and the outdoor illuminance detected by the illuminance sensor, and correcting the set temperature of the air conditioning load according to the calculated amount of heat. Can be adopted.

  Alternatively, as a cooperative control unit, the comfort is evaluated using the radiation temperature calculated using the outdoor illuminance, the outside air temperature, and the room temperature detected by the opening of the sunscreen device and the illuminance sensor, and the target comfort is The structure which determines the preset temperature of an air-conditioning load can be employ | adopted so that it may be obtained.

  According to the configuration of the present invention, the opening degree of the sunshade device is adjusted so that the allowable direct-lighting distance is shorter than that during heating when the room is cooled, so that the illumination load and the air conditioning load are considered in consideration of the incidence of direct light from the window. This will contribute to the reduction of the total energy consumption. That is, in the case of a sunscreen device such as a roll screen that is premised on the introduction of direct light, in view of the large impact on energy consumption at the air conditioning load, direct light is suppressed during cooling and direct light during heating. Since the direct-light allowable distance is changed so as to actively incorporate the air conditioning load, the energy consumption amount of the air conditioning load can be suppressed.

In addition, since an optimal open / close table that correlates outdoor illuminance and allowable direct exposure distance is used, it is possible to estimate the amount of heat that enters the room by direct light and the amount of heat that flows out of the room based on the outdoor illuminance. The opening degree of the sunshade device can be adjusted according to the condition. For example, during cooling, it is possible to control to reduce the opening of the sunshade device during fine weather, and to increase the opening of the sunshade device during cloudy weather or rainy weather.

  Furthermore, in the case of adopting a configuration that corrects the set temperature of the air conditioning load according to the amount of heat that passes through the window, the difference in the sensory temperature due to the temperature difference between the space close to the window and the space away from the window is suppressed. It becomes possible to control the air conditioning load.

  Alternatively, if the configuration is used to evaluate comfort using the radiation temperature and determine the set temperature of the air conditioning load so that the desired comfort can be obtained, evaluate the impact of the thermal environment on comfort In addition, since the set temperature of the air conditioning load is adjusted so as to obtain the desired comfort, it is possible to achieve both the comfort and energy saving of the indoor worker or office worker.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows embodiment. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the outdoor illumination intensity used for the same as the above, and direct irradiation tolerance distance. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the procedure which produces | generates the optimal opening / closing table in the same as the above. It is a figure which shows the example of data of the optimal opening / closing table used for the same as the above. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing which shows the example of correction | amendment of set temperature in the same as the above. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing which shows the example of control same as the above. (A) is a block diagram which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of a blind, (b) is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the opening degree of a blind, and the energy consumption of an illumination load and an air-conditioning load. (A) is a block diagram which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of a roll screen, (b) is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the opening degree of a roll screen, and the energy consumption of an illumination load and an air-conditioning load.

  In the embodiment described below, as shown in FIG. 1, a roll screen 3 as an awning device is arranged in a window 2 provided in a building 1. The roll screen 3 has a sheet-like shade wound around a roller as a shielding member that blocks direct sunlight incident from the window 2, and rolls up and rewinds the shade by rotating the roller forward and backward by a motor. It has a configuration. Therefore, the lower end position of the shade moves up and down by the rotation of the roller, and the opening degree of the roll screen 3 relative to the window 2 is adjusted. The shade can be made of a material that dims and transmits light in the visible light region, such as curtain fabric, but has a heat shielding property that diffuses and transmits light in the visible light region and blocks light in the infrared region. It is desirable to use the material.

By the way, in the example of illustration, the eaves 5 which protrude outward are provided in the outdoor above the window 2 in the building 1. In this case, as shown in FIG. 1, the height dimension from the floor 4 in the room to the lower end of the window 2 is H1, the height dimension from the lower end to the upper end of the window 2 (the height dimension of the window 2) is H2, The height dimension from the upper end of the window 3 to the lower end of the eaves 5 is H3, the projecting dimension of the eaves 5 is D1, and the incident distance from the window 2 on the floor surface 4 when the sunlight directly enters the room. Assume that the height dimension from the upper end of the window 2 to the lower end of the roll screen 3 (the feed dimension of the roll screen 3) is defined as H0. When the feeding dimension H0 of the roll screen 3 is used, the opening degree of the roll screen 3 can be expressed as (H2-H0). Now, the solar altitude θh satisfies the condition that tan ⁻¹ (H3 / D1) ≦ θh ≦ tan ⁻¹ {(H2 + H3) / D1}, and the roll-out dimension H0 of the roll screen 3 is H0 ≧ When D1 · tan (θh) −H3, the following relational expression is established.
H0 = H1 + H2-D0 · tan (θh) (1)
Here, when the feed-out dimension H0 of the roll screen 3 is H0 <D1 · tan (θh) −H3, since the relation of the following equation is satisfied, the feed-out dimension H0 of the roll screen 3 is the direct light incident distance D0. Become irrelevant.
D0 = (H1 + H2 + H3) / tan (θh) −D1 (2)
Further, if the feeding dimension H0 of the roll screen 3 is H0 ≧ H2, the window 2 is covered with the roll screen 3 and direct light does not enter the room, so that D0 = 0. That is, also in this case, it is irrelevant to the incident distance D0 of the direct light.

  As can be seen from the above description, the incident distance D0 of the direct light can be changed by raising and lowering the roll screen 3 when the solar altitude θh satisfies the above-described conditions. It is assumed that the solar altitude θh satisfies the above conditions. Further, the incident distance D0 is determined according to conditions described later. Hereinafter, the incident distance D0 determined under the conditions described later is referred to as a direct-light allowable distance.

  The opening degree of the roll screen 3 is instructed to the roll screen 3 by a roll screen control unit 11 as an opening degree control unit. In addition to the roll screen control unit 11, an air conditioning control unit 12 for controlling the indoor air conditioning load 6 and an illumination control unit 13 for controlling the indoor lighting load 7 are provided. A cooperative control unit 10 is provided as a cooperative control unit that gives instructions to the roll screen control unit 11, the air conditioning control unit 12, and the illumination control unit 13.

  The cooperative control unit 10 monitors the operation of the roll screen 3, the air conditioning load 6, and the lighting load 7, and has a function of controlling the roll screen 3, the air conditioning load 6, and the lighting load 7 so as to achieve a target described later. Have. That is, the cooperative control unit 10 can instruct the opening degree for the roll screen 3, and can instruct the air conditioning load 6 as on / off, set temperature, switching between air conditioning and heating, and the air volume as parameters. The lighting load 7 can be instructed with parameters of on / off and dimming level.

  In the cooperative control unit 10, the roll screen 3, the air conditioning load 6, and the lighting load 7 are adjusted so that the total energy consumption by the air conditioning load 6 and the lighting load 7 is reduced by adjusting these parameters. Adjust the screen opening. However, the opening degree of the roll screen is adjusted so that the incident distance D0 of the direct sunlight is equal to the above-described direct allowable distance.

  Furthermore, the coordinated control unit 10 acquires whether the air conditioning load 6 is performing a cooling operation or a heating operation from the air conditioning control unit 11, and the lighting load 7 is turned on / off and the dimming level. Is also provided from the illumination control unit 13.

  The cooperative control unit 10 controls the opening degree of the roll screen 3, the air conditioning load 6 (mainly set temperature), and the illumination load 7 (mainly dimming level) in consideration of the incident distance D0 of the direct sunlight of the sun. As described above, to determine the incident distance D0, the solar altitude θh is required.

  Therefore, the cooperative control unit 10 is provided with a solar position calculation unit 10a for obtaining the altitude of the sun. The solar position calculator 10a calculates the altitude and direction of the sun using the position (latitude, longitude) on the earth of the building 1 where the roll screen 3 is installed and the current date and time. By determining the azimuth of the sun, it is possible to know whether or not the direct light of the sun is incident from the window 2 at the current date and time based on the relationship between the azimuth of the surface on which the window 2 is provided in the building 1 and the azimuth of the sun. . In this calculation, since it is necessary to use data based on astronomy representing the relationship between latitude, longitude, date and time, and the altitude and direction of the sun, the data is stored in advance in the solar position calculation unit 10a. Further, when the solar position calculation unit 10a can acquire data from a wide area communication network such as the Internet, the data is acquired by communication.

  The position of the building 1 is measured in advance and set in the solar position calculation unit 10a. However, by providing a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver in the solar position calculation unit 10a, the latitude and longitude can be automatically obtained. Is possible. When using a GPS receiver, the current date and time can be acquired from the GPS receiver. Further, when a GPS receiver is not used, a clock unit 10b that measures the current date and time may be provided in the cooperative control unit 10.

  In addition, there is heat energy in and out of the room through the window 2, and when the direct sunlight enters the room, the amount of heat entering the room increases and the room temperature is raised, but when the room temperature is higher than the outside temperature during heating The amount of heat flowing out of the window 2 increases and the room temperature decreases. Since the amount of incident heat is large during fine weather and the amount of incident heat decreases during cloudy weather or during driving, it is necessary to know the weather in order to adjust the opening of the roll screen 3 appropriately.

  The cooperative control unit 10 is connected to an illuminance sensor 14 that measures outdoor illuminance near the window 2, and an output of the illuminance sensor 14 is input to a weather determination unit 10 c provided in the cooperative control unit 10. In the weather determination unit 10c, the intensity of light incident on the illuminance sensor 14 is obtained by using the current date and time measured by the clock unit 10b, the altitude and direction of the sun obtained by the sun position calculation unit 10a, and the direction of the window 2. Set a threshold for. In the weather determination unit 10c, this threshold value is used for determining the weather. When the illuminance measured by the illuminance sensor 14 is equal to or greater than the set threshold value, it is determined as clear sky, and when it is less than the threshold value, it is determined as cloudy or rainy weather.

  In the time zone from sunset to sunrise, it becomes difficult to determine the weather by illuminance, and sunlight cannot be used, so the weather determination unit 10c does not determine the weather during the time zone. Moreover, since the illuminance measured by the illuminance sensor 14 may vary depending on the surrounding environment of the building 1 (another building or terrain), it is desirable that the threshold value be adjustable.

  Hereinafter, a technique for adjusting the opening degree of the roll screen 3 in association with the operations of the air conditioning load 6 and the lighting load 7 will be described. As described above, the control contents of the roll screen 3, the air conditioning load 6, and the illumination load 7 are instructed by the cooperative control unit 10 configured using a microcomputer. That is, the operation of the cooperative control unit 10 will be described below.

  In the coordinated control unit 10, in the elevating type sunshade device such as the roll screen 3, only the opening degree is adjusted, so that the direct sunlight is incident on the room, and the incident distance of the direct light into the room However, it is paying attention to change with the opening degree of a sunscreen and the altitude of the sun. That is, if the opening degree of the roll screen 3 is not 0 when it is fine weather, the direct light from the sun enters the room, but the direct light is applied to the floor surface 4, so the opening degree of the roll screen 3 is changed. However, the degree of participation in the desk surface illuminance is low, and it can be said that changing the opening degree of the roll screen 3 mainly changes the amount of heat incident on the room.

  In other words, during fine weather, by adjusting the opening of the roll screen 3, the degree of participation in the energy consumption at the air conditioning load becomes higher than the energy consumption at the illumination load. On the other hand, during cloudy weather or rainy weather, the amount of heat incident on the room does not change greatly even if the opening degree of the roll screen 3 is adjusted, so that the degree of participation in the energy consumption in the lighting load increases.

  Considering the characteristics of the roll screen 3 described above, since the altitude of the sun is low and the distance in which the direct sunlight enters the room increases in the winter when heating is performed, the energy consumption of the air conditioning load accompanying heating is reduced in fine weather. It is desirable to increase the opening in order to reduce it.

  In addition, since the amount of heat flowing out of the room through the window increases during cloudy or rainy weather, it is desirable to reduce the opening to reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioning load, but to reduce the energy consumption of the lighting load Since it is necessary to increase the opening, the opening is determined in consideration of the air conditioning load, the lighting load, and the total energy consumption.

  In other words, when the weather is fine, the opening of the roll screen 3 is increased and a large amount of direct light from the window 2 is taken in, so that the room is warmed by sunlight and the energy consumption of the air conditioning load 6 can be reduced. Moreover, since the incident light quantity of external light increases by enlarging the opening degree of the roll screen 3, it contributes also to reduction of the energy consumption of the illumination load 7. FIG. In view of the above, it is desirable to increase the direct allowable distance during heating.

  However, when it is cloudy or rainy, the amount of heat that flows out of the room is greater than the amount of heat that enters the room. Therefore, by reducing the opening of the roll screen 3, the energy consumption of the air conditioning load 6 can be reduced. desirable.

  On the other hand, in the summer when cooling is performed, the sun's altitude is high and the distance from which sunlight directly enters the room is shortened. Therefore, in fine weather, the opening degree is reduced to reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioning load accompanying cooling. Is desirable. Also, since the degree of participation of the opening with respect to the energy consumption of the air conditioning load decreases during cloudy weather or rainy weather, it is desirable to increase the opening in order to reduce the energy consumption of the lighting load.

  That is, when the direct light from the window 2 increases during sunny weather, the amount of heat incident on the room increases and the energy consumption of the air conditioning load 6 increases. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the opening of the roll screen 3. However, it is necessary to suppress the incidence of direct light while performing lighting to such an extent that an effect of reducing the energy consumption of the illumination load 7 by external light is obtained. Eventually, since the opening degree of the roll screen 3 is reduced in order to reduce the amount of heat incident from the window 2 during cooling, the direct irradiation allowable distance is reduced. On the other hand, the amount of heat incident on the room is reduced during cloudy or rainy weather even during cooling, so that the amount of daylight can be increased by opening the roll screen 3 and taking more sunlight into the room. The energy consumption of the load 7 is reduced.

  FIGS. 2A and 2B show the relationship between outdoor illuminance (that is, weather) and direct exposure allowable distance (that is, the opening degree of the roll screen 3) during cooling and heating, respectively. In the illustrated example, the state in which the outdoor illuminance is smaller than L1 corresponds to the illuminance in the time zone where the sunshine is not obtained (the time zone from sunset to sunrise), and when the outdoor illuminance is smaller than L1, Regardless, the opening degree of the roll screen 3 is made almost zero. The time zone in which sunshine is not available may be determined based on the altitude of the sun determined by the solar position calculation unit 10a, regardless of the illuminance detected by the illuminance sensor 14.

  When heating indoors, as shown in Fig. 2 (a), when it is cloudy or rainy and the illuminance by sunlight is low (near illuminance L1 in the figure), a roll is used to reduce the amount of heat flowing out to the outdoors. The opening degree of the screen 3 is reduced, and the energy consumption at the illumination load 7 is reduced. Further, when the illuminance by sunlight is high (near the illuminance L2 in the figure) in fine weather, the amount of energy consumed in the air conditioning load 6 is increased by increasing the opening of the roll screen 3 in order to increase the amount of incident heat. Reduce. The illuminance L2 is the upper limit of illuminance detectable by the illuminance sensor 14.

  On the other hand, when the room is cooled, as shown in FIG. 2B, when it is cloudy (rainy) and the illuminance by sunlight is low (near the illuminance L1 in the figure), the amount of incident heat is small. By increasing the opening, energy consumption at the illumination load 7 is reduced. On the other hand, when the illuminance by sunlight is high (near illuminance L2 in the figure), the energy consumption at the air conditioning load 6 is reduced by reducing the opening of the roll screen 3 in order to reduce the amount of incident heat. Reduce.

  In short, the higher the outdoor illuminance during heating, the greater the direct exposure distance, so the opening degree of the roll screen 3 is increased. In the cooling, the higher the outdoor illuminance, the smaller the direct irradiation allowable distance, so the opening degree of the roll screen 3 is decreased.

  By the way, in general, indoor heating is performed in winter, indoor cooling is performed in summer, and the altitude of the sun is determined by the date and time. Therefore, the opening degree of the roll screen 3 is related as shown in FIG. However, the actual relationship between the illuminance and the opening of the room depends on the set temperature of the air conditioner, the specifications of the window 2 (dimensions, heat insulation, etc.) and the room characteristics (volume, heat insulation, etc.). Therefore, if the opening degree of the roll screen 3 is to be accurately controlled, it is necessary to consider other conditions as well.

  Therefore, the relationship between the outdoor illuminance and the direct exposure allowable distance is obtained by performing a computer simulation according to the procedure shown in FIG. Among various conditions used in the simulation, the outdoor illuminance changes with the passage of time, but the conditions such as the specifications of the window 2 and the room characteristics are fixed regardless of the passage of time. The target illuminance of the illumination load 7 can also be handled fixedly. Therefore, the conditions fixedly defined as the specifications of the building 1 are built in advance as a building model, and the set temperature of the air conditioning load 6 and the target illuminance of the lighting load 7 are set by the user.

  In the simulation, the above-mentioned fixed conditions are given in advance, thereby generating an optimum opening / closing table, which is a data table that relates the opening degree (direct permissible distance) of the roll screen 3 using only the date and the outdoor illumination as parameters. To do. That is, each record of the optimum opening / closing table is a triple of date and time, outdoor illuminance and direct permissible distance. The optimum opening / closing table is selected depending on whether the room is being cooled or heated by the air conditioning load 6.

  Here, when generating the optimum opening / closing table, the load sum obtained by using an appropriate weighting factor for the energy consumption amount in the air conditioning load 6 and the energy consumption amount in the lighting load 7 (a weighting factor is set for each energy consumption amount, respectively). The value obtained by multiplying and adding) is given a minimum. Under this condition, a combination of the direct exposure allowable distance and the outdoor illuminance is obtained. Note that, as described above, the weighting factor is adjusted depending on whether the air conditioning load 6 or the lighting load 7 is emphasized in order to save energy, depending on whether the air conditioning is different from the air conditioning or the weather. Is done.

  In the simulation, an architectural model is first constructed (S1). As described above, the architectural model includes specifications of the windows 2 (window characteristics), room characteristics (room characteristics), and specifications of the air conditioning load 6 and the lighting load 7 (air conditioning characteristics and lighting characteristics). The air conditioning characteristic includes information on the arrangement of the air conditioning load 6, and the lighting characteristic includes information on the arrangement of the lighting fixtures. These architectural models are constructed based on information registered in the building information storage unit DB in which basic information such as design information related to buildings is registered. Next, information specifying indoor environmental conditions such as heating and cooling, set temperature of the air conditioning load 6, and target illuminance of the lighting load 7 is input (S2).

  Next, the date and time and the outdoor illuminance are set appropriately, and a plurality of candidates for the direct exposure allowable distance for the date and the outdoor illuminance are generated (S3). Pre-registered values are selected in order for the date and time and outdoor illuminance to be set. Thereafter, a predicted value of the energy consumption amount of the lighting load 7 is calculated for each candidate (S4), and then a predicted value of the energy consumption amount by the air conditioning load 6 is calculated (S5).

  The date and time set in step S3 is a representative day that can reflect all the days of the year or seasonal variations, and given the date and time, the altitude and direction of the sun can be obtained by a calculation based on astronomy. As indicated by the equation (1), the distance at which the direct light from the sun enters the room can be determined by the altitude and direction of the sun and the feed dimension of the roll screen 3.

  Moreover, about the energy consumption of the illumination load 7, the desk top surface illuminance in the room is calculated from the outdoor illuminance and the direct exposure allowable distance (the opening degree of the roll screen 3), and the deficiency with respect to the set illuminance related to the desk top illuminance is The energy consumption is calculated for the case where the dimming control is performed so as to compensate (S4). On the other hand, regarding the energy consumption amount of the air conditioning load 6, the amount of heat incident by the direct light incident on the room is estimated according to the altitude and direction of the sun, the outdoor illuminance, and the direct allowable distance (the opening degree of the roll screen 3). In consideration of the increase in the amount of heat due to the heat generation of No. 7, the energy consumption at the set temperature is calculated (S5). Here, a calculation method for calculating each energy consumption amount of the air conditioning load 6 and the lighting load 7 is well known (for example, “Masunori Sukutani; Architectural environment studies of light and heat by numerical calculation, July 1993, Maruzen). "reference).

  Next, a weighted sum of energy consumptions obtained for the air conditioning load 6 and the lighting load 7 is obtained (S6). The weighted sum of energy consumption is repeatedly obtained for all combinations of the date and the direct exposure allowable distance (S2, S7). A combination that saves energy is extracted from the combination of the date and time thus obtained and the direct exposure allowable distance (S8), and an optimum opening / closing table including the above-described triplet of the date and time, outdoor illuminance, and direct exposure allowable distance is generated. (S9). The optimum opening / closing table is generated for each of the set temperature of the air conditioning load 6 and the target illuminance of the lighting load 7 separately for heating or cooling, and is registered as a control parameter (S2, S9).

  By performing the simulation in the above-described procedure, as shown in FIG. 4, it is possible to obtain the relationship between the direct exposure allowable distance and the outdoor illuminance. The relationship obtained as a result of the simulation is a relationship indicated by dots in FIG. 4, but the optimum opening / closing table is linearly approximated to have a relationship indicated by a broken line in FIG. 4. That is, the illumination intensity and the direct exposure distance are approximated to a linear relationship using the least square method using the simulation result.

  However, outdoor illuminance and direct permissible distance are non-linear if the direct permissible distance increases monotonously with respect to the outdoor illuminance during heating and the direct permissible distance decreases monotonously with respect to the outdoor illuminance during cooling. Also good. That is, the optimum opening / closing table may be set not by linear approximation but by curve approximation with an appropriate function.

  In the above-described operation, the whole room is handled uniformly, but the influence of direct light from the sun is larger in the space near the window 2 than in the space far from the window 2 in the room. For example, during heating, if there is a large amount of heat that passes through the window 2 and enters the room, even if the temperature is comfortable for workers or office workers far away from the window 2, workers or office workers in the vicinity of the window 2 Can be uncomfortable (hot). Also, during cooling, if there is a large amount of heat that passes through the window 2 and flows out to the outdoors, even if the temperature is comfortable for workers or office workers far away from the window 2, workers or office workers near the window 2 Can be uncomfortable (cold) for people. Here, the case where the amount of heat passing through the window 2 is large means a case where the amount of heat is 200 W / m or more, for example.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, it is desirable to correct the set temperature of the air conditioning load 6 disposed in the vicinity of the window 2 in accordance with the amount of heat transmitted through the window 2. The illustrated example shows the relationship during cooling. The correction value is set to lower the set temperature by 1 ° C. when the amount of heat transmitted through the window 2 increases, and to increase the set temperature by 1 ° C. when the amount of heat transmitted through the window 2 decreases. Yes. The characteristic shown in the figure is an example, and the correction value of the set temperature is set according to the building model. The amount of heat that passes through the window 2 is calculated by the following equation in the cooperative control unit 10.
Transmitted heat amount = outdoor illuminance × luminous efficiency × window opening area × window transmittance Here, (luminous efficiency) is a constant representing the relationship between the amount of solar radiation and the outdoor illuminance. The (opening area of the window) varies depending on the opening degree of the roll screen 3, and the larger the opening degree of the roll screen 3, the larger (opening area of the window).

  In the above-described operation, the set temperature of the air conditioning load 6 is fixedly determined. However, since the indoor radiation temperature also affects the thermal sensation of the operator or the office worker, the set temperature of the air conditioning load 6 is the radiation temperature. It is desirable to decide in consideration. As an index for comfort evaluation incorporating a radiation temperature, a predicted average thermal feeling (PMV = Predictor Mean Vote) and an operating temperature are known.

  Here, PMV is used. PMV has six parameters: temperature, humidity, radiation temperature, wind speed, which are physical factors that determine the environment of the worker or the worker, and the amount of clothes and activity, which are the human factors of the worker or the worker. It is an index that expresses thermal sensation on a thermal scale which is an integer value of −3 to +3, which means comfort when the thermal scale is 0, and means that it is hot when the thermal scale is positive. If the scale is negative, it means cold.

  In order to use the PMV to determine the set temperature of the air conditioning load 6, the amount of light that passes through the window 2 and enters the room from the opening degree of the roll screen 3 and the outdoor vertical surface illuminance, and the outside air temperature are used. The radiation temperature is predicted from the heat calculation, and the set temperature is corrected so as to match the set value of PMV. Specifically, the parameters used for the electric heat calculation are room temperature, outside air temperature, outdoor illuminance, and opening degree of the roll screen 3, and radiate using a thermal circuit network in which the heat flow is made similar to current, or a response factor method. Predict temperature. Therefore, when using PMV, a room temperature sensor and an outside air temperature sensor (not shown) are required.

  Using the radiation temperature determined as described above, the amount of clothes determined by the season, and the amount of activity determined by the business form, the humidity is a value measured by a hygrometer or an appropriate value of 30 to 50% (when there is no hygrometer) Since the PMV is obtained by using an appropriate value of 0.1 to 0.4 m / s for the wind speed, the cooperative control unit 10 obtains the PMV and performs air conditioning so that the target PMV is obtained. The set temperature of the load 6 is corrected. That is, the set temperature of the air conditioning load 6 is adjusted so that the PMV obtained from the predicted radiation temperature has a target thermal sensation.

  The same applies when using an operating temperature that represents the overall effect of dry bulb temperature, airflow, and radiation from the surrounding wall. In practice, the average temperature of the surrounding wall and room temperature should be used instead of the operating temperature. Can do. The working temperature has a relatively large difference between the surface temperature of the surrounding wall and room temperature, and is used during heating with less sweat evaporation, and the influence of humidity is ignored.

  The optimum opening / closing table and the correction value generated as described above are set in the cooperative control unit 10 and used for controlling the roll screen 3. The cooperative control unit 10 calculates the altitude and direction of the sun based on the current date and time measured by the clock unit 10b and the room characteristics and window characteristics (including the direction of the window 2) of the building information storage unit DB (S1). . If the altitude is positive, it is daytime (S2: Yes), the outdoor illuminance detected by the illuminance sensor 14 is captured (S3), and the weather determination unit 10c determines the weather based on the outdoor illuminance (S4).

  When the weather is fine (S4: fine), the allowable direct exposure distance is obtained by comparing the outdoor illuminance acquired from the illuminance sensor 14 with the optimum opening / closing table (S5). When the direct exposure allowable distance is obtained, the opening degree of the roll screen 3 corresponding to the altitude of the sun is calculated (S6), and an instruction is given to the roll screen control unit 11 to control the opening degree of the roll screen 3 (S7).

  Thereafter, the outside air temperature measured by an outside air temperature sensor (not shown) is taken in (S8), the comfort is evaluated, and the room temperature is determined (S9). The room temperature thus determined is instructed to the air conditioning control unit 12 that controls the air conditioning load 6 (S10). Then, after waiting until a predetermined time has passed (S11), the process returns to step S1 to calculate the altitude and direction of the sun.

  Here, the optimum opening / closing table used in step S5 is the optimum opening / closing table that meets the conditions of the control parameters using the current date and time (S14) timed by the clock unit 10b and whether it is heating or cooling (S15). Is selected (S16).

  Moreover, since it is a time zone (time zone from the sunset to the sunrise) when the solar altitude is not positive in step S2, the opening degree of the roll roll screen 3 is set to 0 (fully closed). (S13). If it is cloudy or rainy in step S4 (S4: cloudy / rainy), the roll screen 3 is fully opened to reduce the energy consumption of the illumination load 7. However, since the air conditioning load 6 may increase when the roll screen 3 is fully opened during heating, the opening degree of the roll screen 3 may be appropriately adjusted even in cloudy or rainy weather.

  In the above configuration example, the case where the eaves 5 are provided in the building 1 has been described as an example. However, even when the eaves 5 are not provided, the above-described control can be performed by appropriately adjusting the lighting load and the air conditioning load. It is possible to realize an indoor environment similar to that performed.

  Further, in this embodiment, the case where an electric roll screen is used as the sunshade device has been described as an example. However, an electric shutter that does not change the angle of the slats, an electric curtain using a folding curtain such as a roman shade, a motor such as an electric curtain The technical idea of the present invention can be applied to any elevating type sunshade device that is driven by using a sunscreen.

  Moreover, although it is not a raising / lowering type, the same technique can be employ | adopted also when using an electric awning as a sunshade. This type of awning has the function of using both the roll screen 3 and the eaves 5, and even when the eaves 5 are not provided above the window 2, an indoor environment similar to the configuration example described above can be realized. it can. Moreover, since it is superior to a roll screen in terms of daylighting, it contributes to a reduction in lighting load. In particular, in a store having a large window such as a show window, there is convenience in that it is possible to control the incidence of direct light without reducing the display effect.

1 Building 2 Window 3 Roll screen (Awning device)
4 floor 5 eaves 6 air conditioning load 7 lighting load 10 cooperative control unit (cooperative control unit)
10a Solar position calculation unit 11 Roll screen control unit (opening control unit)
12 Air-conditioning control unit 13 Lighting control unit 14 Illuminance sensor

Claims (3)

Directly incident light from the window is irradiated on the floor by adjusting the opening by moving the shielding member in response to an external instruction and adjusting the opening by providing a shielding member that blocks at least part of the direct sunlight incident from the window. A sunshade that adjusts the direct exposure distance, which is the maximum distance from the window in the range to be measured, a solar position calculator that calculates the altitude and direction of the sun based on the date and time measured by the clock, and the altitude obtained by the solar position calculator And an opening control unit that directs the opening of the sunshade device according to the relationship between the direction and the window specification including a predetermined window direction, and a direct allowable distance when heating the room due to an air conditioning load than when heating and a cooperative control unit for instructing the opening control unit to shorten, and a luminance sensor that measures the outdoor illumination, the cooperative control section, the optimal closing table associating direct allowable distance outdoors illuminance The optimal open / close table is set so that the allowable direct exposure distance decreases monotonously with respect to the outdoor illuminance during cooling with the air conditioning load, and the direct exposure allowable distance increases monotonously with respect to the outdoor illuminance when heating with the air conditioning load. A solar radiation adjusting device, characterized in that it is set in a relationship to perform . The cooperative control unit calculates the amount of heat that passes through the window using the opening of the sunshade device and the outdoor illuminance detected by the illuminance sensor, and corrects the set temperature of the air conditioning load according to the calculated amount of heat. The solar radiation control apparatus of Claim 1 characterized by these. The cooperative control unit performs comfort evaluation using the opening temperature of the sunshade device, the outdoor illuminance detected by the illuminance sensor, the outside air temperature, and the radiation temperature calculated using the room temperature, and the target comfort is solar regulating equipment according to claim 1, wherein the determining the set temperature of the air conditioning load obtained as.

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