JP5400411B2 - Air conditioning system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an air conditioning system using solar heat, and relates to an air conditioning system capable of performing efficient and stable heating.

  As a heat collection system using solar heat, there are technologies shown in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2. In the technique of Patent Document 1, a solar heat collector that collects solar heat energy and applies the collected solar energy to a heat medium, a heat medium that has become a high temperature due to heat collection by the solar heat collector, and a water supply tank Heat exchange is performed between the first heat exchanger that performs heat exchange with the feed water to be transferred, and the feed water that has become hot due to heat exchange in the heat exchanger and the hot working medium. And a second heat exchanger for generating steam for the process.

  Moreover, in the technique of patent document 2, while using solar heat directly for heating and concentration of absorption liquid, it can drive | operate without requiring the heat source which heats regenerators, such as a burner, and according to the weather condition etc. A solar heat collector tube that directly introduces and heats diluted absorption liquid for stable air-conditioning effect and miniaturization by detecting the heating situation of the absorption liquid due to changing solar heat and automatically operating the auxiliary regenerator An absorption-type air conditioner having a flushing regenerator that concentrates by flushing an absorption liquid heated by the solar heat collecting tube is shown.

JP-A 63-183346 JP 2001-82823 A

  However, in Patent Document 1, since heat is collected via a heat medium and is transferred by a heat exchanger, the heating efficiency is low, and a heat exchanger is required and the cost is high. Moreover, since superheated steam is not made as process steam, it cannot be applied to a double-effect absorption refrigerator.

  In Patent Document 2, since an absorption liquid such as lithium bromide is used as a heat medium and heated in a pipe, a large amount of the absorption liquid is required, and handling and management are troublesome, resulting in high costs. Also, if boiling occurs in the absorbing solution during heating, the pressure may increase abnormally and cause a back flow, making temperature management difficult.

  In view of the above-described conventional problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioning system that is low in cost, has good heat collection efficiency, and can stably raise the temperature when heating a heat medium.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention provides a first heat collector for heating a low-temperature liquid medium circulating inside to a liquid having a substantially boiling temperature by solar heat,
A second heat collector that raises the temperature of the liquid medium having a substantially boiling temperature raised by the first heat collector to a gas having a substantially boiling temperature by solar heat;
A third heat collector for heating the steam heated by the second heat collector to superheated steam having a predetermined saturated vapor pressure by solar heat;
A refrigerator that uses superheated steam from the third heat collector as an operating source;
Air-conditioning equipment using cold energy obtained by the refrigeration means as an operating source;
A pump for circulating a liquid medium between the collectors and the refrigerator;
Comprising control means for controlling the operation of each of the above-mentioned parts;
Said control means controls said pump to vary the amount of circulating liquid medium in accordance with the amount of solar radiation, when the heating by sunlight of the first heat collector through third heat collector, said first The heat collector and the third heat collector heat the medium in the same phase, and the second heat collector controls the heating so that the phase of the medium changes .

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that in the air conditioning system described above, water is used as the liquid medium.

  In the air conditioning system described above, the present invention is characterized in that an absorption refrigerator or a turbo refrigerator is used as the refrigerator.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that, in the air conditioning system described above, an absorption refrigerator and a turbo refrigerator are used as the refrigerator.

  The present invention is the air conditioning system as described above, further comprising a heat accumulator for accumulating cold heat obtained by the refrigerator.

  In the air conditioning system described above, the present invention may further include a tank that is interposed between the heat collectors and stores a liquid medium and steam of the heat collectors, and the control means includes the second heat collector. The steam remaining in the heater and the third heat collector is controlled to be returned to the tank.

  The present invention further includes a solar power generator (solar power generator or solar power generator) in the air conditioning system described above, and supplies the generated power to the pump, the refrigerator, or the air conditioning equipment. It is characterized by.

  In the air conditioning system described above, the present invention further includes a steam turbine that uses superheated steam as an operating source, and the turbo chiller is driven as the refrigerator by the electric power generated by the steam turbine. And

  According to the present invention, the heat collection efficiency is good, the temperature can be raised stably during heating of the heat medium, and the air conditioning system can be stably operated at low cost.

The operation | movement flowchart of 1st Example of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the control state of each part of 1st Example of this invention. Operation flow diagram with solar generator element added to the second embodiment of the present invention The operation | movement flowchart of 3rd Example of this invention. The operation | movement flowchart of 4th Example of this invention. The operation | movement flowchart of 5th Example of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows an operation flow of the first embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 11 denotes a preheater as a first heat collector that raises low-temperature water as hot liquid (liquid) having a boiling point (100 ° C.) by solar heat as a liquid medium circulating inside. The hot water heated by the preheater 11 is temporarily stored in the tank 1 through the valve 1. Reference numeral 12 denotes a steam generator as a second heat collector that receives hot water having a substantially boiling temperature in the tank 1 through the pump 2 and further heats it with solar heat to raise steam (gas) having a substantially boiling temperature. . The steam of the steam generator 2 is returned to the gas layer portion of the tank 1. Reference numeral 13 denotes a superheated steam generator as a third heat collector that receives steam having a substantially boiling temperature of the gas layer in the tank 1 and further heats it with solar heat to raise the temperature to superheated steam having a predetermined saturated vapor pressure. .

  The first to third heat collectors include a reflecting mirror (not shown) that collects sunlight and a pipe that receives the collected sunlight, and efficiently heats a medium (liquid, gas) flowing through the pipe. It has a configuration.

  Reference numeral 14 denotes a refrigerator that uses the superheated steam from the superheated steam generator 13 as an operating source, for example, an absorption refrigerator. Cold heat from the refrigerator 14 is supplied to the air conditioning equipment 15 and air conditioning by the equipment 15 is performed. The medium returned from the refrigerator 14 is stored in the tank 2 with the temperature lowered, and is returned to the preheater 11 by the pump 1.

  Reference numeral 17 denotes a heat accumulator that stores excess cold heat generated in the refrigerator 14 and returns the insufficient cold heat to the refrigerator 14, and 16 is a control means that controls the operation of each of the above parts.

  When the first to third heat collectors are heated by sunlight, the phases are changed by different heat collectors, and the medium is heated in the same phase in the same heat collector. Heating is performed. That is, in the preheater 11, the medium is heated in a liquid state, and the phase (liquid or gas) does not change. Therefore, if the temperature is controlled, the heating amount (sensible heat) can be grasped. Similarly, in the steam generator 12, the amount of heating (latent heat) can be grasped if the steam is heated from hot water until it becomes steam and the steam pressure is saturated or not, and the superheated steam generator 13 If the steam is heated and the temperature is controlled, the heating amount (sensible heat) can be grasped. For example, if the medium changes from liquid to gas during heating, there is a risk of rapid expansion and backflow, but there is no such risk in the above.

  Next, operation | movement of the said air conditioning system by the control means 16 is demonstrated using FIG.

  The control means 16 controls the valve and the pump based on various measured values obtained by the preheater 11 and nearby sensors (not shown). By obtaining the amount of solar radiation (heat collection amount) with the temperature rise rate of the stable liquid medium in the pipe, the yield at that time can be obtained, and the control accuracy of the entire system can be improved. For example, it can be controlled by the amount of heat collected calculated from the inlet / outlet temperature and flow rate of the preheater 11 or can be controlled by the output of a pyranometer correlated with the amount of heat collected by the preheater 11.

  In the control means 16, the system startup time is set to the sunrise time T1. As shown in FIG. 2, it is assumed that the solar radiation amount gradually increases with the sunrise at time T1, and rises to the solar radiation amount of the planned value at time T2. From time T1 to T2, the preheater 11 collects sunlight and the medium is gradually heated, and at the same time, the valve 1 is gradually opened and the valve 2 is gradually closed from full opening. Accordingly, the entire amount is bypassed to the tank 2 near the time T1, and the supply is switched from the tank 2 to the tank 1 as the temperature rises. This prevents the low-temperature medium around time T1 from being supplied to the tank 1.

  At the same time, at times T1 to T2, the amount of water in the pumps 1 and 2 is gradually increased to the planned amount of water as the amount of solar radiation increases, and the amount of circulation of the heat medium in the system increases. Due to the increase in the amount of solar radiation, the liquid medium is heated to approximately the boiling point temperature by solar heat in the preheater 11 and supplied to the tank 1, and the liquid medium having the approximately boiling point temperature is supplied to the steam generator 12 by the operation of the pump 2. The In the steam generator 12, the liquid medium having a substantially boiling temperature is heated to a steam having a substantially boiling temperature by solar heat, and returned to the gas layer of the tank 1 again.

  From the gas layer portion of the tank 1, steam having a substantially boiling point temperature is supplied to the superheated steam generator 13 by the saturated vapor pressure of the gas layer portion, and the superheated steam generator 13 raises the temperature of the steam to superheated steam by solar heat. For example, an absorption refrigerator as the refrigerator 14 is driven using this superheated steam as a drive source to generate cold. Here, at time T1 to T2, since the amount of cold output from the refrigerator 14 does not become the planned value until the planned amount of solar radiation is obtained, the shortage is compensated from the heat accumulator 17.

  From time T2 to T3, the solar radiation amount of the planned value is obtained, and each part is controlled by the control means 16 as shown in FIG. In this section, since the planned value of the amount of cold is output from the refrigerator 14, there is no supply of cold from the regenerator 17.

  At times T3 to T4, an amount of solar radiation greater than the planned value is obtained, and the respective units are controlled by the control means 16 as shown in FIG. That is, the flow rate of the pumps 1 and 2 is increased to a planned flow rate or higher to supply superheated steam to the refrigerator 14, and the refrigerator 14 outputs a cold heat amount that is greater than or equal to the planned cold heat amount, and the excessive cold heat amount is supplied to the regenerator 17. Stores heat. In FIG. 2, the amount of heat of the refrigerator 14 is a planned value because the amount of stored heat is subtracted.

  From time T4 to T5, the amount of solar radiation below the planned value is obtained, and each part is controlled by the control means 16 as shown in FIG. That is, the flow rate of the pumps 1 and 2 is decreased to a planned flow rate or less, superheated steam is supplied to the refrigerator 14, and the amount of cold heat is output from the refrigerator 14. In this section, since the solar radiation amount of the planned value cannot be obtained, the amount of cold heat output from the refrigerator 14 does not become the planned value. Therefore, the amount of cold heat is supplied to the air conditioning equipment 15 in a state in which the shortage is compensated from the heat accumulator 17 as in the section of time T1 to T2.

  The section from T4 to T5 is a time zone close to sunset, but the operation of the heat collection system line is stopped after sunset. Immediately after the line is stopped, steam having substantially boiling point or superheated steam remains in the system of the steam generators 12 and 13, but throwing it away is contrary to the improvement in yield. Therefore, in this embodiment, the steam remaining in the system of the steam generators 12 and 13 is controlled by the control means 16 so that the valve 4 is opened and returned to the tank 1. In addition, the bubble 3 is for releasing the steam to the outside air when the superheated steam generator 13 abnormally rises, but the valve 4 may be opened and returned to the tank 1 for improving the efficiency.

  FIG. 3 shows an operation flow of the second embodiment of the present invention, and the same parts as those in FIG. In this embodiment, a solar power generator (solar power generator or solar power generator) 20 is further provided, and this power is used to cover the power of the refrigerator and air conditioning equipment, and surplus power is stored in the storage battery 21. Moreover, the absorption refrigerator 14a is used as a refrigerator.

  FIG. 4 shows an operation flow of the third embodiment of the present invention, and the same parts as those in FIG. In this embodiment, a solar power generator 20 is provided, and a condensate steam turbine 18 using superheated steam from the superheated steam generator 13 as a working source, and a turbo refrigerator 14b driven by the power of the turbine as a refrigerator. It is. You may make it supply the electric power from the solar generator 20 to the turbo refrigerator 14b.

  FIG. 5 shows an operation flow of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and the same parts as those in FIG. In this embodiment, in addition to the solar generator 20, a back pressure steam turbine 19 using superheated steam from the superheated steam generator 13 as an operating source and a turbo refrigerator 14b driven by the power of this turbine as a refrigerator are provided. Furthermore, it is a hybrid type provided with an absorption refrigerator 14a using superheated steam as an operating source. Although the present embodiment is based on obtaining cold from both the turbo refrigerator 14b and the absorption refrigerator 14a at the same time and utilizing solar energy to the maximum, the pressure of the superheated steam from the superheated steam generator 13 is Depending on the size, the turbo chiller 14b and the absorption chiller 14a can be switched and operated under conditions of good operating efficiency. Further, the operating source of the absorption chiller 14a can directly use the superheated steam of the superheated steam generator 13 as shown by a one-dot chain line connected to the superheated steam generator 13 in the figure.

  FIG. 6 shows an operation flow of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and the same parts as those in FIG. In this embodiment, in addition to the solar power generator 20, a turbo chiller 14b driven by the power of the power generator 20 and an absorption refrigeration machine 14a using superheated steam from the superheated steam generator 13 as operating sources are provided. It is a hybrid type. The present embodiment is basically based on obtaining cold energy from both the centrifugal chiller 14b and the absorption chiller 14a at the same time and maximizing the use of solar energy. However, the absorption chiller 14a is used in a solar radiation time zone. In addition, the air conditioner can be operated for a long time by charging the capacitor 21 with the solar generator 20 and operating the turbo refrigerator 14b with the capacitor 21 after sunset. Further, in this embodiment, when the amount of solar radiation does not reach the planned value, the air conditioner may be operated by operating the turbo refrigerator 14b with the battery 21.

  In addition, the solar generator 20 described in Examples 2-6 can also use a solar thermal generator.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... 1st collector (preheater), 12 ... 2nd collector (steam generator), 13 ... 3rd collector (superheated steam generator), 14 ... refrigerator, 15 ... air conditioning equipment, 16 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Control means, 17 ... Regenerator, 18 ... Condensed steam turbine, 19 ... Back pressure steam turbine, 20 ... Solar generator, 21 ... Electric storage device, Tank 1 ... Tank.

Claims (8)

A first heat collector for heating a low-temperature liquid medium circulating inside to a liquid having a substantially boiling temperature by solar heat;
A second heat collector that raises the temperature of the liquid medium having a substantially boiling temperature raised by the first heat collector to a gas having a substantially boiling temperature by solar heat;
A third heat collector for heating the steam heated by the second heat collector to superheated steam having a predetermined saturated vapor pressure by solar heat;
A refrigerator that uses superheated steam from the third heat collector as an operating source;
Air-conditioning equipment using cold energy obtained by the refrigeration means as an operating source;
A pump for circulating a liquid medium between the collectors and the refrigerator;
Comprising control means for controlling the operation of each of the above-mentioned parts;
Said control means controls said pump to vary the amount of circulating liquid medium in accordance with the amount of solar radiation, when the heating by sunlight of the first heat collector through third heat collector, said first An air conditioning system characterized in that the heat collector and the third heat collector heat the medium in the same phase, and the second heat collector controls the heating so that the phase of the medium changes .   2. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein water is used as the liquid medium.   2. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein an absorption refrigerator or a turbo refrigerator is used as the refrigerator. 2. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein an absorption refrigerator and a turbo refrigerator are used in combination as the refrigerator. 2. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising a heat accumulator for accumulating cold heat obtained by the refrigerator. 2. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising a tank that is interposed between the heat collectors and stores a liquid medium and steam of the heat collectors, and the control means includes the second heat collector and the third heat collector. An air conditioning system that controls to return the steam remaining in the heater to the tank. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising a solar generator (solar generator or solar thermal generator), and supplying the generated power to the pump, the refrigerator, or the air conditioning equipment. system. 2. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising a steam turbine using superheated steam as an operating source, wherein the turbo chiller is driven as the refrigerator by the electric power generated by the steam turbine.

Images