JP5399481B2 - Heat generating device and heating element used therefor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat generating device having a simple mechanism using electromagnetic induction and a heat generating element used therefor.

  As a conventional heating device, a gas range, an electric heater, a microwave oven, and an IH cooker using an eddy current are known. In addition, a combustion apparatus that burns fossil fuel typified by an oil burner is used. In addition, the use of natural heat sources such as solar water heaters, geothermal heat, and biomass fuel has been considerably advanced. However, in using these heat sources, there are merits and demerits, respectively, and the present situation is that they are selectively used by customers and users. On the other hand, there are some proposals for special technologies that have not been universalized as heat generating devices (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2007-278546 A

By the way, the IH cooker uses electromagnetic induction heating (IH, induction).
heating), a high-frequency current is passed through a coil directly under the top plate to create a changing magnetic field line, and an eddy current is generated in a relatively high-resistance iron or stainless steel pan near the coil. Heating with Joule heat generated in the pan by resistance. For this IH cooker, copper products with low electrical resistance, non-conductive ceramics, earthenware pots, etc. cannot be used. In addition, since it is necessary to create a strong magnetic field line, the power source is 200 V, which is a voltage that is not frequently used in general households.

Although such an IH cooker is superior in terms of safety and thermal efficiency as compared to a gas range, its application range is narrow, and as a heating device, it has not been found to be used for anything other than a cooker at present.
As a result of repeated research on a heat generating device by electromagnetic induction, the present inventor completed a heat generating device that has a simple mechanism but is more efficient in heat than the structure of a conventional IH cooker and has a wide range of use, and a heating element used therefor. Thus, the present invention has been obtained.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a heat generating device using electromagnetic induction, which has a simple mechanism, has high thermal efficiency, and has a wide utilization range, and a heat generator used therefor. It is another object of the present invention to provide a highly safe heat generating device.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a heating device according to the present invention includes a plurality of magnets arranged around a rotating shaft, for example, on a disk having the rotating shaft, in a circumferential direction so that upper and lower magnetic poles are alternately different. Rotating bodies arranged at intervals (the rotating body on which this magnet is arranged is hereinafter referred to as a magnet wheel), and an annular induction conductor facing the magnet surface of the magnet wheel with a predetermined gap therebetween. The first feature is that the same number of slits for generating an induced electromotive force are provided in the annular induction conductor as the magnets of the magnet wheel.

  According to the heat generating device of the present invention, by providing a slit in the annular induction conductor, the magnetic flux emerging from the rotating magnet wheel is cut at the slit end surface, as if the coil of the generator cut the magnetic flux. The same effect as generating electric power will occur. In addition, since the induction conductor in which the electromotive force is generated is continuous in a ring shape, the generated current flows in a ring shape throughout the induction conductor, but the length of the current flow, that is, the current path length is normal. Compared to the coil of the generator, it is extremely short and the cross section is conversely large, so the electrical resistance is minimal. Accordingly, a large current can be obtained although the voltage of the electromotive force is small, and a large amount of heat generation can be obtained by Joule heat.

  Here, the rotation of the magnet wheel only needs to be in a relationship in which the magnet wheel rotates relative to the induction conductor, and includes a case where both rotate in reverse.

  The heat generating device according to the present invention is a disk type in which the shape of the annular induction conductor is a donut shape, and the slits are provided so as to alternately open to the outer peripheral edge and the inner peripheral edge, and the number of the slits is The second feature is that it is equal to the number of magnets.

  The heating element according to the present invention is composed of an annular induction conductor facing the magnet surface of the magnet wheel with a predetermined gap, and a slit for generating an induced electromotive force is formed in the annular induction conductor. The first feature is that the same number of magnets as the magnets of the magnet wheel are provided.

  The heating element according to the present invention is a disk-shaped annular induction conductor having a donut shape, and slits are provided so as to alternately open to the outer peripheral edge and the inner peripheral edge, and the number of the slits is The second feature is that it is equal to the number of magnets.

  The heating element according to the present invention is an annular belt type in which the shape of the annular induction conductor is provided so that slits are alternately opened on both side ends, and the number of the slits is equal to the number of the magnets. Is the third feature.

  As described above, according to the heating device of the present invention, the heating device is based on electromagnetic induction, and the electric resistance of the current path is reduced in the annular slit induction conductor by a simple mechanism of rotating the magnet wheel. Even if the voltage is minimized, a large current can be obtained even at a low voltage, and an excellent effect is obtained in that a large calorific value can be obtained by Joule heat.

  Because of this heat generation effect, it can be used for anything other than a cooker, and can also be widely used as a heat source for a large-scale heat generation device such as a hot water storage boiler.

  Furthermore, since the amount of generated heat can be easily controlled by controlling the number of rotations of the magnet wheel, there is an effect of safety and security as a heating device.

(A) is a side view of the heat generating device showing the first embodiment of the present invention, (B) is the same plan view, (A) is a plan view of a rotating body used in the heat generating device shown in FIG. 1, (B) is a side view thereof, (A) is a plan view of an induction conductor with slits used in the heat generating device shown in FIG. 1, (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in (A), and (C) is C- in (A). C line arrow sectional view, (A) (B) is explanatory drawing which shows the effect | action of the heat generating apparatus of this invention, (A) (B) is explanatory drawing which shows the effect | action of the heat generating apparatus of this invention, Explanatory drawing of the heat generating apparatus which shows 2nd Embodiment of this invention, It is explanatory drawing which shows the temperature rising measurement result by the heat generating apparatus of this invention.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 5 show a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, symbol S indicates a heat generating device according to the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the heating device S includes a magnet wheel 1 and an annular slit-shaped induction conductor 2.

As shown in FIG. 2, the magnet wheel 1 has a magnet disposed on the upper surface of a rotating plate (rotating body) 3 with an iron flange 3 </ b> A, and a rotating shaft 4 is fixed to the center of the lower surface of the rotating plate 3. . The upper surface of the rotary plate 3 around the rotation center O _1, radial, that is, an even number of predetermined length of the permanent magnet (magnet) 5 facing the rotation center O _1, as the upper and lower magnetic poles are alternately different circumferential direction Are arranged at equal intervals.

  A motor 6 is directly connected to the center of the lower surface of the rotating plate 3 via the rotating shaft 4. The motor 6 may be a general-purpose motor that uses, for example, a general household AC of 100 V as a power source, or may be a general-purpose motor that can be used outdoors. As shown in FIG. 1, an upper base 8 is placed or fixed on the upper surface of a lower base 7 that can be installed on the ground or floor, and a support portion 9 is supported upright on the upper surface of the upper base 8. 6 is stably supported by the support portion 9 so as to be in a vertical posture with respect to the ground surface or the floor surface. As a result, the rotating body 1 is supported in a horizontal posture on the ground or floor surface directly above the motor 6 via the rotating shaft 4 and can be transported together with the upper base 8 or integrally with the lower base 7. ing.

  Around the upper base 8, a side wall plate 10 that horizontally supports the top plate 11 is installed on the upper surface of the lower base 7 so as to hold a slight gap (0.5 mm in the illustrated example) from the upper surface of the magnet wheel 1. ing. A heat-resistant material 12, such as ceramic paper, is attached to the upper surface of the top plate 11 using a wooden plywood. Further, on the magnet surface of the magnet wheel 1, a similar heat-resistant material 12, for example, ceramic paper is attached in order to protect the permanent magnet 5 from heat.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the annular slit induction conductor 2 has a diameter (outer diameter) D ₂ larger than the diameter (outer diameter) D _{1 of the} rotating plate 3 excluding the flange 3A of the magnet wheel 1. And is disposed on the heat-resistant material 12 on the upper surface of the top plate 11 with a predetermined gap d from the upper surface 1a of the magnet wheel 1. At this time, the center O _{2 of} the slit induction conductor 2 is aligned with the center O ₁ of the rotating plate 3 so as to be substantially coaxial.

As shown in FIG. 3, such an annular disc-shaped induction conductor 2 having a circular disk is provided with a circular opening 13 at the center O ₂ portion. Further, a plurality of (four in total in the illustrated example) first slits 14 having a predetermined length extending from the outer peripheral edge 2a toward the center O ₂ in the middle are provided at predetermined intervals (in the illustrated example, 90 ° intervals). Further, a second slit 15 having a predetermined length extending partway from the inner peripheral edge 2b of the central opening 13 toward the outer peripheral edge 2a is located between the adjacent first slits 14 and 14 and has a predetermined interval (see FIG. A plurality of (in the illustrated example, a total of four) are provided at intervals of 90 degrees in the illustrated example.

  The first slit 14 that opens to the outer peripheral edge 2a and the second slit 15 that opens between the first peripheral slit 2b and the inner peripheral edge 2b cause magnetic flux from the upper surface 1a of the magnet wheel 1 to rotate. This is the same action as a coil in the generator cuts the magnetic flux. Looking at this phenomenon in more detail, when the position of the permanent magnet 5 installed on the rotating plate 3 has just rotated to the positions of the slits 14 and 15 (FIGS. 4A and 4B), the magnetic flux is slit. , The magnetic flux density passing through the induction conductor 2 is minimized.

  Next, when the position of the permanent magnet 5 installed on the rotating plate 3 comes to a position (FIGS. 5A and 5B) past the slit portion, the magnetic flux density passing through the induction conductor 2 becomes maximum. That is, the magnetic flux density passing through the induction conductor 2 changes as the magnet wheel 1 rotates. When the magnetic flux changes with time, an electromotive force is generated in the induction conductor 2 in accordance with Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

The electromotive force according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction is expressed as e = Blv. Here, e represents voltage, B represents magnetic flux density, l represents the length of the induction conductor that cuts off the magnetic flux, and v represents the speed of the induction conductor that cuts off the magnetic flux. Further, the direction of the induced current at this time is expressed by the Fleming right-hand rule, and the permanent magnets 5 installed on the magnet wheel 1 are alternately arranged with the magnetic poles. of rotating about O ₁ about the direction of current is changed for each change the slit position. That is, an alternating electromotive force is generated.

  Next, I shown in FIG. 5A represents the flow of current, and the place where the current I circulates while meandering the induction conductor is the current path (L). The electric resistance (R) of the current path is proportional to the resistance value (ρ) inherent to the induction conductor and the length (L) of the current path and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area (A). That is, R = ρL / A. The current path shown in FIG. 5A has an extremely short length and a cross-sectional area that is extremely large as compared with a normal generator coil. That is, the electric resistance of the current path of the induction conductor 2 is extremely small. Therefore, in the formula of Ohm's law I = e / R, R is extremely smaller than the value of e, and it can be seen that the current has a large value.

Next, when an electric current flows through the induction conductor 2 in an annular shape, an electric resistance is encountered, and all of its energy is replaced by heat (Joule's law). That is, it is represented by the thermal output W = RI ² (J: Joule). Although it has been described that the current value becomes a large value in the previous stage, it can be seen that the final amount of heat further increases in proportion to the square of the current value. Therefore, the induction conductor 2 can supply a large amount of heat as a heating element.

  The heat generating apparatus of this embodiment and the heat generating body used therefor can be used for a heat source such as a cooker, a hot plate, a water heater, a boiler, a heater, or a heat engine. For example, in the case of using as a heat generating device with an expanded scale, such as a hot water storage boiler, it is inevitable that the rotating body 1 is increased in radius to increase the peripheral speed, or the rotating speed is increased to increase the electromotive force e. As a result, the current value increases, and as a result, a large amount of heat generation can be obtained.

  FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, and shows a magnet wheel 20 and an annular belt-shaped slit-inducted induction conductor 21.

According to FIG. 6, the magnet wheel 20 is made of iron as in the above-described embodiment, and the upper and lower magnetic poles are alternately arranged at regular intervals on the peripheral surface 22a of the rotating body 22 so that the permanent magnet 23 is parallel to the rotating shaft 24. An even number is arranged. In addition, the annular belt-shaped induction conductor 21 with a slit is formed in an annular shape having a diameter (inner diameter) D ₄ larger than the diameter (outer diameter) D ₃ of the rotating body 22. Furthermore, the same number of slits 25 as the permanent magnets 23 that open alternately on both side ends are arranged in a direction parallel to the rotation shaft 24 at regular intervals.

  The heating device shown in FIG. 6 has an annular belt-type slit-shaped induction conductor in which the rotating shaft 24 of the magnet wheel 20 is in a horizontal posture and the central axis is substantially coincided with the rotating shaft 24 around the outer periphery of the magnet wheel 20. 21 is arranged. Then, when the magnet wheel 20 is rotated by a driving means such as a motor or a windmill or a water wheel connected to the rotating shaft 24 of the magnet wheel 20, an annular belt-shaped slit-shaped induction conductor 21 is formed as in the above embodiment. An electromotive force is generated, and an induced current flows to generate heat. The heating device shown in FIG. 6 has no problem whether the rotation axis is horizontal or vertical as long as the relative installation conditions of the magnet wheel 20 and the induction conductor 21 are satisfied.

  In each of the above embodiments, a permanent magnet is used as the magnet, but an electromagnet can be used instead of the permanent magnet. Moreover, the temperature management of the heat generating device can be easily performed by controlling the rotation speed of the magnet wheel.

  In each of the embodiments described above, the magnet wheel side is rotated with respect to the annular induction conductor. However, the magnet wheel may be fixed and the annular induction conductor side may be rotated. Furthermore, it is possible to increase the efficiency by rotating the two in reverse.

  The heat generating device of the present invention can be used as a heat source in mountainous areas, remote areas, and cold areas where there is no power source by rotating the magnet wheel with a water wheel or windmill.

The inventor manufactured the heating device shown in FIG. 1 and measured the data to confirm the actual effect. As shown in FIG. 2, the magnet wheel is mounted by arranging eight permanent magnets on the rotating surface of an iron rotating plate (diameter D ₁ = 150 mm) radially around the rotating shaft so that the magnetic poles are alternately different. It was. The diameter passing through the center position of the permanent magnet at this time is 110 mm. A permanent magnet uses a neodymium magnet (length 40 mm, width 11 mm, height 6 mm), and the magnetic flux density B = 0.35T (Tesla) on the surface.

  A thermocouple thermometer with a measurement upper limit of 250 ° C is fixed in contact with the induction conductor, and an AC current clamp for current consumption measurement is installed on the power input cord of the motor to measure the voltage of the induced electromotive force. An oscilloscope and non-contact tachometer were prepared for measuring the rotational speed of the magnet wheel. The motor used was a general-purpose motor with AC 100V.

First, as a comparative example, a disk-type induction conductor (diameter D ₂ = 180 mm, thickness t = 3 mm) without a slit was made of a copper plate and placed on the top plate of the heat generating device. At this time, the gap from the permanent magnet surface of the magnet wheel to the lower surface of the disk-type induction conductor was set to d = 5.0 mm, and the magnet wheel was rotated. The rotational speed of the magnet wheel at this time was 1783 rpm. At this time, an eddy current should have occurred in the copper plate of the disk-type induction conductor without slits, but no increase in the surface temperature was observed. That is, it was confirmed that the voltage and current of the eddy current were also minimal.

Next, as an example, referring to FIG. 3, a first slit (width 11 mm, length 55 mm) is formed on the outer periphery of the copper plate of the disk type induction conductor (diameter D ₂ = 180 mm, thickness t = 3 mm) A total of four at regular intervals from the center to the central axis, and a total of four second slits (width 11 mm, length 55 mm) between them from the central opening (opening diameter 40 mm) to the outer peripheral edge Provided. The length of the current path of this induction conductor with slits, that is, the length of the current path in which the current circulates around the induction conductor while meandering between the slits is L = 770 mm.

  Three types of slit induction conductors with different thicknesses (thickness t = 3 mm, 1 mm, 0.2 mm) were prepared in order to compare the magnitude of electric resistance.

  Next, a part of the outer peripheral edge of the slit-type induction conductor having a thickness of t = 3 mm is cut to form an open circuit, the slit-type induction conductor is placed on the top plate, and the magnet wheel is rotated. The induced electromotive force was measured. The measured value of the induced electromotive force was e = 0.3V. At this time, the rotational speed of the magnet wheel was 1722 rpm, and the input current I was 5.1 A.

Here, when the electrical resistance R is calculated, R = 1.68 × 10 ⁻⁸ × 0.77 / (0.03 × 0.0245) = 0.000176≈0.0002Ω due to R = ρL / A. . Here, ρ = 1.68 × 10 ⁻⁸ Ωm, L = 0.77 m, and A = 0.003 × 0.0245. The value of the induced current flowing through the slit-type induction conductor having a thickness t = 3 mm is I = 0.3 / 0.0002 = 1500 A from Ohm's law I = e / R. When calculating the heat output per unit time, W = RI ² = 0.0002 × 1500 × 1500 = 450 J (joules).

  Next, the slit-type induction conductor having a thickness of t = 3 mm is restored to the original closed circuit state, placed at a predetermined position on the top plate, the magnet wheel is rotated, and the slit induction is performed every minute. The temperature of the conductor, the rotation speed of the magnet wheel and the input current were measured. The measurement results are shown in FIG. In the case of a slit-type induction conductor having a thickness t = 3 mm, the temperature rise was measured at about 180 ° C. for 3 minutes and about 250 ° C. for 6 minutes. During this period, the average rotation speed of the magnet wheel was 1725 rpm, and the average input current I was 5.3 A.

  In the same manner, a similar test was conducted on slit-type induction conductors having thicknesses t = 1 mm and t = 0.2 mm. As shown in FIG. 7, in the case of a slit-type induction conductor having a thickness t = 1 mm, the temperature rises to about 140 ° C. in 3 minutes and to about 180 ° C. in 6 minutes. In the case of a slit-type induction conductor having a thickness t = 0.2 mm, the temperature remained at about 40 ° C. for 3 minutes and about 60 ° C. for 6 minutes. From this measurement result, it was found that a considerable amount of heat is generated when the thickness of the slit-containing induction conductor is about 3 mm.

  In the slit-type induction conductor having a thickness t = 3 mm, the average value of current consumption was 5.3 A. Therefore, power consumption per unit time P = 5.3 (A) × 100 (V) = 530 (W ). Therefore, power efficiency η = 450/530 = 0.85.

  According to the above experimental results, it was found that using a slit-containing induction conductor having a thickness of 3 mm or more falls within the practical category as a heater. In other words, if the electrical resistance in the current path of the slit induction conductor is minimized, in the equation of Ohm's law I = e / R, if R is extremely smaller than the value of e, I, that is, the current value is large. Furthermore, since the heat output is proportional to the square of the current value, the voltage of the electromotive force generated in the slit induction conductor is a low voltage of 0.3 V, which is smaller than 1.5 V for one dry cell. Even so, it was possible to create a 150 times larger current (1500 A) used with a normal electric heater (4 A at 400 W to 12 A at 1200 W), and it was confirmed that sufficient capacity as a heater was obtained.

  The heat generating device according to the present invention can be used as a heat generating device that can be used in various fields such as general household, outdoor, agricultural, industrial, using the principle of electromagnetic induction. Further, the heating element according to the present invention can be used as a heating element for a heating device that can be used in the above fields.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,20 Magnet wheel 1a Upper surface 2,21 Annular slit induction conductor 2a Outer peripheral edge 2b Inner peripheral edge 3,22 Rotating body 3A Flange 4,24 Rotating shaft 5,23 Permanent magnet (magnet)
6 motor 7 lower base 8 on the base 9 supporting portion 10 side walls 11 top plate 12 heat-resistant material 13 opening 14 first slit 15 periphery second slits 22a 25 slits _{D 1, D 2, D 3} , D 4 diameter O ₁ , O ₂ center d gap G magnetic field line I current t thickness of slit induction conductor

Claims (6)

  A rotating body in which an even number of magnets are arranged at equal intervals so as to alternately change magnetic poles in the circumferential direction around a rotating shaft, and an annular induction conductor facing the magnet surface of the rotating body with a predetermined gap therebetween. The annular induction conductor has a donut-shaped disk shape, and slits for generating an induced electromotive force are alternately formed on the outer peripheral edge and the inner peripheral edge of the annular induction conductor. A heating device, wherein the number of the slits is the same as the number of magnets of the rotating body. And equally spaced at even number arranged rotated body magnet surface with a predetermined gap formed by such that different magnetic poles magnet circumferentially alternately around the rotating shaft made from opposite annular induction conductors, this The shape of the annular induction conductor is a donut-shaped disk type, and slits for generating an induced electromotive force are alternately opened at the outer peripheral edge and the inner peripheral edge of the annular induction conductor. A heating element for a heating device, wherein the same number of slits as the magnets of the rotating body are provided. Arrange an even number of magnets at equal intervals around the rotating shaft so that the magnetic poles are alternately varied in the circumferential direction. BecomeIt is composed of an annular induction conductor facing the magnet surface of the rotating body with a predetermined gap therebetween, and the shape of the annular induction conductor is an annular belt type, and an induced electromotive force is applied to the annular induction conductor. Slits are provided to alternately open on both side ends, and the slits are AboveA heating element for a heating device, characterized in that the same number of magnets as a rotating body are provided.   A rotating body in which an even number of magnets are arranged at equal intervals so as to alternately change the magnetic poles in the circumferential direction around the rotating shaft, and an annular belt type induction facing the magnet surface of the rotating body with a predetermined gap. In this annular induction conductor, slits for generating an induced electromotive force are provided so as to open alternately on both side ends, and the same number of slits as the magnets of the rotating body are provided. A heat generating device characterized by comprising: Magnets with an even number of magnets arranged at equal intervals around the magnet so that the magnetic poles are alternately varied in the circumferential direction. The magnet wheel is opposed to the magnet surface of this magnet wheel with a predetermined gap, An annular induction conductor that can rotate relative to the net wheel is provided. The shape of the body is a donut-shaped disk, and this annular induction conductor is connected to a magnet The slits for generating the induced electromotive force due to relative rotation with the reel are the outer peripheral edge and the inner peripheral edge. The number of slits is the same as the magnet of the magnet wheel. A heating device characterized by being provided. Magnets with an even number of magnets arranged at equal intervals around the magnet so that the magnetic poles are alternately varied in the circumferential direction. The magnet wheel is opposed to the magnet surface of this magnet wheel with a predetermined gap, An annular belt-shaped induction conductor that can rotate relative to the net wheel is provided. To induce induced electromotive force in the induction conductor due to relative rotation with the magnet wheel Slits are opened alternately on both sides. A heating device characterized in that it is provided in the same number as the magnets of eel.

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