JP5396477B2 - Method and apparatus for cracking rock material - Google Patents

Description

Background of the Invention

  The present invention relates to a method for cracking a rock material, for example when breaking a block. In the splitting operation, a breaking device including a rock drilling unit and a crack generating unit is used. First, drill holes are drilled in the rock material to be treated with a rock drill. After digging the drill hole, the rock drilling unit is moved from the drill hole and the crack generating unit is moved to the appropriate place. A crack generation tool is then inserted into the drilling and used to crack the rock. Furthermore, the invention relates to a breaking device comprising the above-described element.

  The field of the invention is defined in detail in the preceding paragraphs of the independent claims of this application.

  At construction sites, road construction sites and other civil engineering sites, it is sometimes necessary to break up masses that are too large to be carried or crushed. Traditionally, lumps have been blown up and broken, but the problem is that people and equipment must be removed from the work site to ensure safety. This naturally causes inconveniences because work must be interrupted at the construction site. In order to solve this problem, it has become common to use a breaking hammer to reduce the mass. However, it is troublesome and time-consuming to make a large lump with a breaking hammer. In addition, when using a breaking hammer, some rock material may scatter around, which can cause problems, for example, at road construction sites. It is also known to cleave large lumps with a wedge. In that case, the perforation is dug into a mass with a separate rock drill, and then an elongated cleavage tool is inserted into the perforation. The cross section of the cleavage tool can be expanded by making the cleavage tool wedged by hydraulic pressure. This causes the tool to crack the rock and eventually break the mass. However, the problem with this method is that it requires separate rock drills and cleaving devices, which are time consuming and difficult to handle.

  US Pat. Nos. 5,308,149, 6347837, and 6435096, Finnish Patent 113803, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-139286 disclose a rock drilling rig in which a fracture device is fixed to a boom of a rock drilling rig. Has been. A rock drill is a working device used in production in the mining industry, and is not used to destroy large blocks at a civil engineering work site.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved crack generation method. A further object is to provide a new and improved destruction device.

  The method according to the present invention uses a breaker which is an independent auxiliary device detachably connected to the boom of the work device, and controls the work cycle related to excavation and crack generation by controlling the control unit dedicated to the breaker device. Is performed independently.

  The breaking device according to the present invention is an independent auxiliary device in which the breaking device is detachably connected to the boom of the working device, the breaking device including at least one control unit dedicated to the breaking device, and the control unit is a work of the breaking device. It is characterized in that it is configured to control independently of the control system of the work device according to the cycle.

  The idea of the present invention is that the breaking device is an independent additional device and can be detachably attached to the boom of the working device. The destruction device is also independent in that it includes a control unit dedicated to the destruction device that is unrelated to the control unit of the working device. The control unit of the destruction device controls a process necessary for a work cycle of the destruction device after the destruction device is arranged at a place where the processing is performed by the boom of the operation device.

  An advantage of the present invention is that an independent destruction device constructed as an additional device can be attached to the boom of any working device used at the work site, for example when it is necessary to destroy large rocks or blocks. In that case, there is no need for a separate troublesome rock drill or crack generating device, and there is no need for a rock rig used only for crack generation. The destructive device of the present invention improves the usefulness of the basic working device and thus improves the efficiency of the work site.

  The idea of an embodiment is that the alignment is performed exactly along a predetermined motion path. Therefore, alignment can be easily performed mechanically without measuring movement or performing complicated control. Furthermore, the alignment can be performed without the operator actually looking at the work location. In alignment, the parallel feed beams of the rock drilling unit and the crack generating unit can move simultaneously.

The idea of an embodiment is that alignment is performed along a linear motion path supported by one or more straight control surfaces. Linear movement is performed by the alignment actuator.

  The idea of an embodiment is that the alignment is performed along a curvilinear motion path supported by a center of rotation. In that case, the alignment actuator is a rotating device.

  The idea of an embodiment is that the alignment is in the first direction of movement and the second direction of movement, and the first and second directions of movement are opposite to each other. The drilling operation is performed when the rock drilling unit is aligned with its initial position in the first movement direction. After the drilling operation, alignment is performed in the second direction of movement, so that the crack generating unit is placed at the operation center. Thereafter, the rock drill is again aligned to its initial position in the first direction of motion, ready for a new excavation operation. Prior to digging a new drilling, the breaker is roughly positioned using the boom at the intended new drilling location.

  The idea of one embodiment is that alignment is done against certain physical limitations. In that case, the limit position of alignment can be accurately defined in advance by physical limitations. Furthermore, the alignment motion need not be accurately measured and controlled.

  The idea of one embodiment is that the crack generating device includes an elongated crack generating tool that can be inserted into the drilling. The crack generating device includes means for increasing the outer dimension of the crack generating tool. The crack generation tool may include two or more parts, and the distance between these parts can be increased by inserting a wedge between these parts. The crack generation tool may also be other expansion members whose outer dimensions change based on, for example, their material properties.

  The idea of an embodiment is that the crack generator includes means for supplying a small amount of explosive to the perforation. By igniting a small amount of explosive, the pressure increases and causes cracks in the rock material around the perforations.

  The idea of an embodiment is that the breaking device is constructed as an additional device that can be easily and quickly attached to the boom of the working device using, for example, immediate clamping means. The destruction device is an independent unit that contains all the actuating devices and auxiliary and control devices necessary for the operation of the destruction device. Therefore, the breaking device can be supplied with a hydraulic pressure for moving the operating device and a current for operating the control device.

  The idea of an embodiment is that the destruction device is constructed as an add-on device to the work device and includes one or more dedicated control units configured to automatically control the operation of the destruction device. In that case, the breaking device can be operated by any operator of an excavator or similar working device that has no experience in rock drilling or any technology related to rock drilling or splitting work. Parameters and work cycle steps necessary for operation are stored in the control unit of the destruction apparatus. The minimum requirement is that the operator place the destruction device at the location of the object to be processed by the boom and start an automatic work cycle.

  The idea of an embodiment is to place a rock drill that is part of the breaking device in a noise suppression housing. In that case, the noise caused by excavation can be remarkably suppressed, and the lump splitting work can be performed on the side of the living area. In some cases, the entire rock drilling unit can be surrounded by a noise suppression housing.

Several embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is a schematic side view of the excavator with which the destruction apparatus of this invention was provided in the boom as an additional apparatus. It is a schematic side view of the destruction device of the present invention in a state where a drilling operation can be started. FIG. 2b is a schematic side view of the breaking device of FIG. and It is a figure which shows the side view of some crack production | generation apparatuses, and its operation | movement principle roughly very simply. FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a breaking device and several additional devices connected to the breaking device. and FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of several devices that store destructive devices at a work site. and FIG. 3 is a front view of a breaking device rotated to two different work positions.

  For the sake of clarity, embodiments of the present invention are simplified in these figures. Similar parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.

Detailed Description of Some Embodiments of the Invention

  FIG. 1 shows an excavator 1, which includes a movable boom 2 and a breaking device 4 connected to a fastening member 3 at the tip of the boom. The structure and operation of the destructive device 4 will be described in more detail in the description of FIGS. 2a and 2b. The breaking device 4 can be an additional device, and can be connected to the normal bucket location of the excavator 1 when it is necessary to break large chunks of rock 5 or other rock material at the work site. Of course, the breaking device 4 can be connected to the boom of some basic working device using a suitable connecting member. The destruction device 4 may include all the required auxiliary devices, actuators and control devices, in which case it is not necessary to make any changes to the actual basic device for the operation of the destruction device 4. The pressure medium can be transported from the basic device pump 6 to the breaking device 4 through the supply flow path, and the return pressure medium can be returned to the basic device through the return line. Usually, such a pressure medium connection is a standard device connected to a tightening member 3 of an excavator, for example. Further, the basic device and the destruction device 4 can be electrically connected, and the necessary energy can be supplied to the independent control unit 7 of the destruction device 4. The basic apparatus may have a dedicated control unit 8, and operation means of the control unit may be provided in the driver seat 9. Furthermore, the destruction device 4 may include a remote controller 60, by which the operator of the work device can start a work cycle of the destruction device at the driver's seat. The control unit 7 can also inform the operator via the remote controller that the drilling operation and the tearing operation in the drilling have been completed, and that the operator can move the breaking device to the next work location. . The disrupter 4 may also include a separate and independent means for supplying the necessary cleaning media. Accordingly, the disruption device may include a compressor 10 that provides a flow of cleaning air. Alternatively, a liquid container 11 connected to the breaking device 4 may be provided, and the cleaning medium can be supplied from the liquid container using a pump during the drilling operation.

  FIGS. 2 a and 2 b show a breaking device 4 including a rock drilling unit 12 and a crack generating unit 13. The rock drilling unit 12 includes a rock drill 14 which can be moved on a first feed beam 15 by a first feed device. The rock drill 14 may include a striking device 17 that generates a shock pulse by the striking device and sends the shock pulse to the object to be processed by a rock drilling tool 18 connected to the rock drill. Further, the rock drill 14 may include a rotating device 19 that rotates the rock drilling tool 18 about its longitudinal axis during drilling. The rock drill 14 can be any rock drill suitable for digging the relatively shallow drilling necessary to crack. The crack generating unit 13 includes a crack generating device 20 which can be moved by a second feeder 21 on a second feed beam 22 provided parallel to the first feed beam 15. The crack generation device 20 may be an actuator that changes the cross-sectional dimension of the elongated crack generation tool 23 to generate a cleavage force by drilling. Further, the breaking device 4 includes a frame 24, and the frame 24 is provided with a tightening portion 25, and the tightening member 3 of the boom 2 can be attached to the tightening portion 25 by, for example, a pin, a tightening bolt, a tightening claw, or the like. The breaking device 4 can be quickly and manually attached to the boom 2 without disassembling the structure or using tools with one or more immediate clamping parts. The frame 24 may be provided with one or more straight restriction surfaces 26. The feed beams 15 and 22 may be attached to a sliding member 27, which may be moved along a linear path L by one or more alignment actuators 28 while being supported by a restriction surface 26. it can. In this way, the drilling unit 12 can be aligned with the working center 29, i.e. the centerline of the drilling 30 to be drilled, in the manner shown in FIG. 2a. Furthermore, the position of the crack generation unit 13 can be aligned with the work center 29 in the manner shown in FIG. 2b. Since both the drilling unit 12 and the crack generating unit 13 are attached to the sliding member 27, they move simultaneously during alignment. The alignment operation is performed in the first movement direction and the second movement direction, and the first and second movement directions may be opposite to each other. The alignment operation can be restricted in both movement directions by the physical restriction unit 31. These limiting portions 31 are positioned in advance so that the alignment operation can be moved simply toward the limit to the limit position of the alignment operation. Depending on the direction of movement, the drilling unit 12 or else the crack generating unit 13 will be placed in the work center 29. Such movement control is simple and accurate and does not require any position measurement or calculation. Further, the breaking device 4 may include a rock support part 32 supported by the frame 24. The rock support 32 may be a rock spike, buffer or similar support member.

  When the block 5 is divided by the breaker 4 or when the rock is cracked, the rock support 32 is pressed against the object to be processed by the boom 2. Thus, first, the boom 2 is roughly positioned. The rock support 32 is kept in place throughout the process, thereby preventing the frame 24 from moving relative to the process object. Furthermore, the basic device and its boom 2 are kept substantially stationary during processing. The actual process for crack generation takes place independently of the basic equipment. If the mass 5 to be cracked is very large, a plurality of perforations may be dug on the same line and cracked. The perforation line may be determined using a laser, for example.

  The control unit 7 of the breaking device 4 may be configured to automatically control all the work steps of the drilling operation, the crack generation operation and the alignment operation, and may be used for controlling the auxiliary device. In such a case, the operator of the basic device need not be at all familiar with the drilling and tearing techniques. Parameters used in the drilling operation, such as feed force, impact force, rotation and drilling depth used, can be set in the control unit 7 in advance. Furthermore, the drilling stage, for example coloring or the actual drilling operation, can be preset in the control unit 7. The control unit 7 may also be configured to control auxiliary actuators connected to cracking units, alignment devices, and even destructive devices such as cleaning actuators and dust recovery systems, and the control is fully automatic. Alternatively, it may be performed interactively with the operator. The operator's minimum task is only to place the destruction device at the desired work position and start an automatic work cycle. The control unit 7 can automatically control drilling operations, wedges or cracking operations, after which the control unit automatically moves the breaking device to its initial position to prepare for a new work cycle. Can do. The control unit 7 may include a storage unit together with a processor, a programmable logic circuit, and the like, and necessary parameters and control programs can be stored in the storage unit.

  FIG. 3 a shows a very simplified principle of the crack generating device 20. The crack generating device 20 may include a hydraulic cylinder 33, which may be configured to insert the wedge 34 inside the crack generating tool 23. The crack generation tool 23 is composed of at least two members 23 a and 23 b, and the wedge 34 pushes these members apart so that the outer dimension of the crack generation tool 23 increases in the bore 30. In this way, a very large spreading force F is generated in the mass 5, which causes the mass to crack, or breaks the mass when at least drilling or crack generation is repeated once or several times on the same spreading line H. Such deep cracks are generated in the mass. Note that the structure and operation of the crack generating device and crack generating tool may be different. The breaking device 4 may be provided with a commercially available crack generating device. It is also possible to use a crack generating device whose outer dimension is changed by a method other than a method using a mechanical wedge.

  FIG. 3 b shows the principle of the second crack generating device 20. The crack generator 20 may include means for supplying a small amount of explosive 35 to the perforations 30. In that case, what is called small charge blasting is used. In small charge blasting, one or more small explosives or explosive cylinders contained in the propellant charge are ignited in the perforations to increase the pressure and cause cracks 36 in the rock. Small charge blasting can be applied to break or destroy large blocks at civil engineering sites. This is because it is not necessary to exclude people and devices from the site, as in the method of splitting with a wedge. This method is safe and easily controllable without rock material splashing around during small charge blasting. Thus, the operator of the excavator or similar work device does not require any special training or qualification. FIG. 3b shows the explosive cylinder supply device 37 in a very simple manner. The explosive tube supply device can be provided in place of the wedge-type cleaving device shown in the above-mentioned figure. The explosive cylinder supply device 37 may include a supply station 38 from which a small amount of explosive 35 can be supplied to the bottom of the perforation 30 through a supply path 39 that can be inserted into the perforation 30. Thereafter, the perforations 30 can be closed, for example, by supplying some sealing material 40, such as water, from the supply channel to the perforations, and the sealing material can be stored in the container 41. Alternatively, the perforations 30 are closed using a supply channel 39 or other mechanical sealing member. The crack generator 20 can provide a stimulus to ignite a small amount of explosive 35.

  FIG. 4 shows the destruction device 4 and an additional device connected to the destruction device. The destruction device 4 may be provided with a separate dust collection system 42, which may have a suction cylinder 43, which is installed at the mouth of the perforation 30 to be excavated and sucks dust from the perforation. The filter unit 45 can be sucked through 44. A suction device 46 that generates the necessary negative pressure, connected to the filtering unit 45, and a container 47 that collects the dust separated by the filter may be provided. FIG. 4 further shows the compressor 10, which can be used to carry the generated cleaning air stream through the cleaning path 48 to the rock drill 14 and through the rock drilling tool 18 to the drilling 30. From this figure it can also be seen that the rock drill 14 may be provided in a noise suppression housing 49, in which case excavation can be carried out at the work site on the side of the living area without causing serious noise problems. In some cases, the entire perforation unit 12 may be surrounded by a noise suppression housing.

  FIG. 5 shows an apparatus for storing the breaking device 4 at the work site in a state where the breaking device can be easily detached from the boom and can be easily reattached to the boom of the working device. The breaking device 4 may be provided with one or more legs 50, by which the breaking device 4 can be placed horizontally on the ground. Therefore, the tightening portion 25 can be used immediately, and the boom can be easily connected to the tightening portion. The leg portion 50 may be fixed to the breaking device 4.

  A frame 51 is shown in FIG. 6, and the breaking device 4 can be provided on the frame in a vertical posture, whereby the boom tightening portion can be easily aligned with the tightening portion 25. The frame 51 is a separate part that can be placed at the work site. The support members 50 and 51 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can also be used as auxiliary devices when repairing, installing, or carrying the breaking device 4.

  FIGS. 7 a and 7 b show another configuration for aligning the drilling unit 12 and the crack generating unit 13. The frame 24 of the breaking device 4 can be supported by the rock support 32 against the mass, so that the frame 24 remains substantially unmovable during operation. The drilling unit 12 and the crack generation unit 13 are provided in a rotating member 57, and the rotating member is rotated by a rotating device 58 during alignment with respect to a rotation center 59 that functions as a support member along a curved moving path R. can do. The limit position of the alignment can be defined by the limiting unit 31. FIG. 7a shows a state in which the drilling unit 12 is aligned with the work center 29 for the drilling operation. When the drilling operation is completed, the crack generating unit 13 is aligned with the control center 29 as shown in FIG. 7a, whereby the crack generating device 20 performs the cracking or crack generating operation. The alignment is always performed along a predetermined exact movement path.

  It is also possible to configure the alignment to be regulated by a guiding curved surface, in which case the drilling unit and the crack generating unit move along a predetermined movement path.

  In some cases, the features shown in this application can be used independently of other features. On the other hand, various combinations can be made by combining the features shown in the present application.

  The figures and related descriptions are only intended to illustrate the idea of the invention. The details of the invention may vary within the scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.

Claims (17)

Arranged on the boom of the working equipment, it operates the breaking equipment comprising a rock drilling unit and the crack generation unit,
The breaking equipment is thus placed on the boom in the position of the puncture hole to dig,
The digging drilling unit at least one puncture hole by a rock drilling tool connected to the rock drill machine and該削rock drill is a part of the processing object,
The該削rock tool withdrawal borehole or al,
The rock drilling unit is moved from the position of the borehole, moving the crack generation unit to the position of the borehole in response,
Crack generation tool that is part of the crack generation unit inserted into perforations, causing cracks in the processing object,
At least one rock支保portion of the broken equipment supported against to the processing object, while the are drilling units Contact and moving the crack generation unit, substantially a frame of the breaking equipment Keep it from moving,
Under the control of該削rock unit and the crack generation unit and at least one support member by aligning along a predetermined movement route, moving the該削rock unit and the crack generation unit In a method for generating cracks in rock material,
Using destructive equipment for the generation of cracks, the breaking device is removably connected independent supplementary device boom of the working equipment,
The work cycle relating to the drilling operations and cracks generate work, under the control of the control unit for the destruction instrumentation 置専, crack generation method which comprises carrying out independent of the working device. The method of claim 1, wherein
Alignment, crack generation method characterized by, supported by at least one restricting surface performs along a linear movement route. The method of claim 1, wherein
Crack generation method characterized by aligning along supported in mind during rotation the curved motion route. The method according to any of claims 1 to 3,
Alignment is performed based on the physical restriction part ,
The rock drilling unit of the first physical limitations portion and aligned relative to a first direction of movement, whereby said drilling unit is heart work defined by the center line of the puncture hole to dig the perform perforation when located in,
After drilling operation, it aligns the basis of at least one other physical restriction in a second direction of movement, and characterized in this way that the crack generation unit is positioned in the heart during the work Crack generation method. The method according to any of claims 1 to 4,
Using an excavator as the working device,
Attaching the breaking equipment to the position of the bucket of the excavator by immediate clamping member,
Crack generation method, which comprises using the destruction of large lumps the destruction equipment as a temporary additional devices of the excavator. A method according to any of claims 1 to 5,
Wherein the step of work cycle of destruction equipment, crack generation method characterized by automatically performed according to previously designed control unit to set control program of the breaking device. And rock drilling unit, including a first feed beam and your rock drilling machine,
And crack generation unit including a second feed beam parallel to the crack generation equipment, and a first feed beam,
A frame first and second feed beam is supported,
A tightening unit which allows mounting the frame to the boom of the working device,
A first feed equipment to move the rock drill on the first feed beam,
A second feed equipment to move the crack generation equipment on the second feed beam,
The rock drilling unit, also includes a means for moving the crack generation unit, to work during a cardiac defined by the center line of perforations to dig accordingly,
The frame includes at least one support member, under the control of the support member, wherein the rock drilling unit and the crack generation unit is configured to move between being aligned in mind during the work ,
Further, the breaking device including at least one alignment operation equipment for alignment,
The breaking equipment is an independent additional device which can be connected detachably to the boom of the working equipment,
Breaking device at least one independent control units in the destruction equipment is characterized in that it is configured to control independently of the control system of the working device the steps of the work cycle of the breaking equipment. The breaking device according to claim 7,
The support member includes at least one straight restriction surface ;
Said alignment actuating equipment is characterized by being configured to the rock drilling unit and the crack generation unit and the aligned along a linear motion via path thus defined to the straight restricting surface And destruction equipment. The breaking device according to claim 7,
Wherein the support member is a heart rotating,
Said alignment operation equipment includes a feature that is configured to the rock drilling unit and the crack generation unit and the aligned along said rotation in mind therefore defined curved motion ROUTE Destruction device to do. The breaking device according to any one of claims 7 to 9,
The crack generation equipment crack generation unit includes an elongated crack generation tool that can be inserted into the puncture hole,
The crack generation equipment destruction apparatus comprising a means for increasing the outer dimensions of the crack generation tool. The breaking device according to any one of claims 7 to 10,
The breaking device comprises a rock支保unit, breaking unit, wherein the frame by該岩支保unit while performing the process, which can be supported against the processing object. The breaking device according to any one of claims 7 to 11,
The breaking equipment destruction apparatus which comprises a dedicated independent dust collection system. The breaking device according to any one of claims 7 to 12,
The breaking equipment destruction apparatus which comprises a dedicated independent washing system. The breaking device according to any one of claims 7 to 13,
The rock drilling machine breaking apparatus characterized by being arranged in the noise suppression Haujin grayed. The breaking device according to any one of claims 7 to 14,
The breaking equipment comprises at least one immediate clamping member is attachable to the boom of the working device the breaking device by該即during tightening member,
At least one connecting member for connecting the breaking device to an external energy source is connected to the immediate tightening member. The breaking device according to any one of claims 7 to 15,
Excavation work and destruction device, wherein at least one predetermined control program crack generation work automatically performed are set in the control unit of the breaking equipment. The breaking device according to any one of claims 7 to 16,
The breaking equipment comprises a remote controller, the remote controller is broken and wherein the transfer of manual control commands of the operator to the control unit of the breaking device.

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