JP5390988B2 - Elevator equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an elevator apparatus, and more particularly to an elevator apparatus in which a car brake for braking a car is attached to the car.

  In a so-called traction type elevator device, a car and a counterweight are suspended in a slidable manner on a main rope wound around a drive sheave of a hoist, and the car is moved up and down by rotating the drive sheave. When the car is landed, the drive sheave is braked with the hoisting machine brake. However, in such an elevator system, when a passenger or luggage gets on and off a car that has landed on a predetermined destination floor and the load on the car changes, the car moves up and down due to the expansion and contraction of the main rope that suspends the car. There was a problem of vibration.

  Thus, for example, as in the invention described in Patent Document 1, an elevator apparatus in which a car brake is attached to a car has been proposed. The car brake described in Patent Document 1 has a pair of swinging levers opposed to each other across a car guide rail for guiding the raising and lowering of the car, and between the tips of these levers. A braking force is applied to the car by sandwiching the car guide rail. When the car is landed, by operating the car brake in addition to the hoisting machine brake, a braking force is applied to the car that moves up and down by the expansion and contraction of the main rope, and the vibration of the car is attenuated. .

JP-A-11-124281

  However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, the braking force by the car brake is set to be weak enough to allow movement of the car, and both levers of the car brake that moves up and down with the car slide on the car guide rail. Since the car vibration is attenuated by moving the car, it is not preferable because the car cannot be prevented from moving if the car malfunctions when passengers or luggage get on and off.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and it is possible to improve the riding comfort by preventing the vibration of the car when the passenger or the luggage gets on and off, and the abnormality of the car when the passenger or the luggage gets on or off. An object of the present invention is to provide an elevator apparatus that prevents operation more reliably and enhances safety.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, a car brake is attached to a car suspended from a main rope, and a braking member of the car brake comes into contact with a fixing member fixed to a hoistway peripheral wall to brake the car. In the elevator apparatus, the car brake is provided with an attenuator that allows the car to move relative to the brake member of the car brake within a predetermined movable range in the car ascending / descending direction and attenuates the vibration of the car with respect to the brake member. It is characterized by being.

  More specifically, as in the invention described in claim 2, the braking member of the car brake is connected to the car via an attenuator that can extend and contract in the car ascending / descending direction, and the attenuator has a damping force. It is preferable that the car moves relative to the braking member of the car brake in the car ascending / descending direction by expanding and contracting while being generated.

  Therefore, in at least the invention described in claim 1, when a passenger or a baggage gets on and off the car while the car brake is in operation, the car moves up and down due to the expansion and contraction of the main rope. A damping force is generated to attenuate the vibration of the car that moves up and down. Furthermore, if the car should operate abnormally while the car brake is in operation, movement of the car that exceeds the movable range will be blocked by the car brake.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, when the car brake is released, the relative position of the car with respect to the brake member of the car brake is an intermediate position within the movable range when the car brake is released. If the car is held in position and the car is movable relative to the car brake braking member in both the up-and-down direction after the car brake is actuated, the vibration of the car when passengers or luggage get on and off is more effective. Will be able to prevent.

  Here, as in a fourth aspect of the invention, the braking member of the car brake is disposed opposite to the guide rail as the fixing member that guides the raising and lowering of the car, and the braking member abuts on the guide rail. When the car is braked, the surface of the guide rail is generally coated with lubricating oil, so that the frictional force between the brake member of the car brake and the guide rail becomes relatively small. End up. Therefore, in this case, as in the invention described in claim 5, at least a contact surface of the braking member that comes into contact with the guide rail is formed of a permanent magnet material, and the car brake is operated. In order to improve the braking force of the car brake, it is desirable that the braking member be attracted to the guide rail with its magnetic force.

  In consideration of the safety of the elevator apparatus, the hoisting machine having the driving sheave around which the main rope is wound, as in the inventions of claims 6 and 7, brakes the driving sheave. A brake is provided separately from the car brake. After the car has landed on a predetermined destination floor, the car doorway is opened after both the car brake and the hoisting machine brake are operated. It is desirable that

  According to the present invention, when a passenger or a baggage gets on and off the car during the operation of the car brake, the vibration of the car accompanying the expansion and contraction of the main rope is suppressed by the attenuator, so that the riding comfort of the car is improved. In addition, if the car operates abnormally when getting in or out of a passenger or baggage and tries to move beyond the above range of movement, the car's movement will be blocked by the car brake. improves.

The figure which shows the outline of an elevator apparatus as embodiment of this invention. The side view which shows the detail of a cage | basket | car. The front view which shows the detail of a car brake. The top view which shows the detail of a car brake. The flowchart which shows the processing content of an elevator controller. Explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the car brake after a cage | basket | car landing until it starts driving | running | working. FIG. 4A is a graph showing the displacement of a car according to a change in the load load, where FIG. 5A is a graph showing the displacement of the car in the comparative example, and FIG. .

  1 to 7 are views showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a view showing an outline of an elevator apparatus. The elevator apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is of a so-called traction type, and the hoisting machine 1 of the elevator apparatus rotates integrally with the drive sheave 3 and the deflecting sheave 4 around which the main rope 2 is wound, and the drive sheave 3. And a hoisting machine motor 6 for rotationally driving the driving shaft 5, and a hoisting machine brake 7 for braking the driving shaft 5. As is well known, a car 8 is suspended at one end of the main rope 2, while a counterweight 9 is suspended at the other end of the main rope 2, and the elevator controller 10 causes the hoisting machine brake 7 to be suspended. The car 8 is moved up and down in the hoistway 11 by rotationally driving the hoist motor 6 in the opened state.

  The hoisting machine brake 7 is a so-called electromagnetic brake, and generates a braking force by pressing a brake shoe 7b against a brake drum 7a that rotates integrally with the drive shaft 5. That is, when the car 8 is stopped, the brake shoe 7b is pressed against the brake drum 7a by the brake spring 7c, while when the car 8 is running, the brake shoe 7b is pulled away from the brake drum 7a by electromagnetic force generated by energizing the brake coil 7d. It will be.

  On the other hand, the hoistway 11 is provided with a pair of car guide rails 12 extending in the vertical direction as fixing members. Both car guide rails 12 are formed of a steel material, which is a magnetic material, and have a substantially T-shaped cross-section, and are arranged to face each other at a predetermined interval in the width direction of the hoistway 11. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4 in addition to FIG. 1, the car guide rail 12 includes a base portion 12a fixed to the peripheral wall 11a of the hoistway 11 via a plurality of rail brackets 13, and a width direction of the base portion 12a. A guide portion 12b projecting from the center portion, and a guide shoe (not shown) provided on the car 8 engages with the guide portion 12b of the car guide rail 12 so that the car 8 becomes a car guide rail. 12 is guided.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the hoistway 11 is provided with a car position detector 14 that detects the height position of the car 8. The car position detector 14 is for detecting a deviation of the floor surface position of the car 8 with respect to a floor surface position of a landing (not shown) when the car 8 is landed, and information on the deviation amount is used as the elevator controller 10. To send to. In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, the car position detector 14 is each provided corresponding to each service floor of an elevator apparatus.

  FIG. 2 is a side view showing details of the car 8. As shown in FIG. 2 in addition to FIG. 1, the car 8 is configured around a car frame 15 having a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the front, and a car room 16 having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape inside the car frame 15. Is provided. The door opening / closing type of the entrance / exit 16a in the cab 16 is a so-called double door double opening type, and is opened and closed by a pair of sliding doors 17 and 17. Further, the car 8 is provided with a door operator 18 for opening and closing the slide doors 17 and 17, and the door operator 18 opens and closes the entrance 16 a of the car room 16 based on a command from the elevator controller 10. It will be.

  The car frame 15 includes a pair of left and right vertical frames 15a extending in the vertical direction, a lower frame 15b connecting the lower ends of the vertical frames 15a, and an upper frame 15c connecting the upper ends of the vertical frames 15a. The car brakes 19 are respectively provided at both longitudinal ends of the upper frame 15c.

  3 and 4 are enlarged views showing details of the car brake 19. FIG. 3 is a front view of the car brake 19, and FIG. 4 is a plan view of the car brake 19. FIG. 3 and 4 show the operating state of the car brake 19.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the car brake 19 includes a base plate 20 fixed to the upper surface of the upper frame 15c, a pair of brake arms 22 extending upward from the base plate 20, and both the brake arms 22, respectively. A pair of brake shoes 24, which are mounted braking members, and an electric cylinder 26 as an actuator for opening and closing both brake arms 22 are provided. The guide portion 12 b of the car guide rail 12 is inserted between the brake shoes 24, and the car 8 is braked by sandwiching the guide portion 12 b of the car guide rail 12 between the brake shoes 24. ing. The two brake arms 22 are urged in a direction away from each other by a pair of return springs 27 arranged obliquely so as to connect the two brake arms 22 and the base plate 20 respectively. The base plate 20 is formed with a notch 20a through which the guide portion 12b of the car guide rail 12 is inserted.

  Both brake arms 22 are connected to the base plate 20 with a pin 21, and a cylinder rod 29 having a piston rod 28 that can swing in a rotation direction around the pin 21 and a cylinder body 29 a in which a predetermined viscous fluid is sealed. And each. Then, by inserting a piston 28a provided at the upper end of the piston rod 28 into the cylinder body 29a of the cylinder member 29, a damper which is a so-called dual effect type attenuator in which a damping force acts in both the expansion process and the contraction process. 30 is configured. The cylinder member 29 and the piston rod 28 are provided with spring seats 31 and 32, respectively, and a coil spring 33 is interposed between the spring seats 31 and 32.

  The cylinder members 29 of the both brake arms 22 have a rod portion 29b extending upward from the cylinder body 29a, and a bracket portion protruding toward the guide rail 12 at the longitudinal intermediate portion of the rod portion 29b. 29c is formed. Brake shoes 24 are attached to the tips of the bracket portions 29c of the two brake arms 22, respectively.

  Further, both ends of the electric cylinder 26 in the longitudinal direction are connected to the upper ends of the rod portions 29b of both cylinder members 29 by pins 25 so as to be swingable. When the elevator controller 10 rotates and drives the motor 26a of the electric cylinder 26, the electric cylinder 26 expands and contracts with a ball screw mechanism (not shown), and both brake arms 22 swing in the approaching / separating direction. Become.

  Both brake shoes 24 are configured with a shoe body 34 having a substantially flat plate shape as a center, and a connecting portion 34 a protruding from the back side of the shoe body 34 swings with a pin 23 on a bracket portion 29 c of the brake arm 22. It is linked movably. A brake lining 35 having an abutment surface 24 a that abuts on the car guide rail 12 when the car brake 19 is operated is mounted on the front side of the shoe body 34. The brake lining 35 is a substantially flat plate made of a permanent magnet material, and a rubber buffer plate 36 is interposed between the brake lining 35 and the shoe main body 34.

  Therefore, in the car brake 19 configured as described above, both the brake arms 22 are swung in the directions close to each other with the electric cylinder 26, and the guide portion 12b of the car guide rail 12 is sandwiched between the brake shoes 24. A braking force is generated by adsorbing the brake linings 35 of the brake shoes 24 to the guide portion 12b of the car guide rail 12 with the magnetic force. On the other hand, when the electric cylinder 26 is extended to release the car brake 19, both brake shoes 24 are pulled away from the guide rail 12 by the return spring 27.

  When the car brake 19 is actuated, the car brake 19 is moved in the car ascending / descending direction with respect to the brake shoes 24 within the movable range from the lower limit position where both brake arms 22 are in the most extended state to the upper limit position where both brake arms 22 are in the most shortened state. While the relative movement of the car 8 is allowed, the relative movement of both of them exceeding the movable range is restricted. When the car brake 19 is released, that is, when the car brake 19 is not loaded, the two coil shoes 24 are coil springs 33 at a position where the relative position of the car 8 with respect to the two brake shoes 24 is an intermediate position within the movable range. Is to be held by. In other words, after the car brake 19 is operated, the car 8 can move relative to both brake shoes 24 in both the up and down directions.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the processing contents of the elevator controller 10 after the car 8 arrives at a predetermined destination floor and starts to run. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the operation of the car brake 19 from when the car 8 reaches the predetermined destination floor until the car starts to travel.

  When the elevator controller 10 runs the car 8 with the car brake 19 opened as shown in FIG. 6A and reaches the predetermined destination floor (step S1 in FIG. 5), the elevator controller 10 in FIG. ), The car brake 19 is operated in addition to the hoisting machine brake 7 (step S2 in FIG. 5), and the door operator 18 opens both the sliding doors 17 to open and close the door 16a. Is released (step S3 in FIG. 5).

  Here, as a matter of course, when a passenger or luggage gets in and out of the car room 16 after opening the entrance of the car room 16, the car 8 moves up and down due to the expansion and contraction of the main rope 2, but this car 8 As the two brake arms 22 expand and contract with each other, the vibration of the car 8 is suppressed. Specifically, for example, when the loading load of the car 8 increases as a result of passengers or luggage getting on and off, the car 8 is displaced downward due to the extension of the main rope 2, but in this case ( As shown in c), the brake arms 22 are each extended while generating a damping force to suppress the vibration of the car 8.

  FIG. 7 is a graph showing the displacement of the car accompanying a change in the load load. FIG. 7A is a graph showing the displacement of the car in an elevator apparatus that does not have a car brake as a comparative example. (B) is a graph which shows the displacement of the cage | basket | car 8 in this Embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, in the comparative example shown in FIG. 7A, the car 8 vibrates relatively greatly due to a change in the load, whereas in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 7B, It is clear that the damper 30 of the both brake arms 22 significantly suppresses the vibration associated with the change in the load on the car 8 compared to the comparative example.

  And as a result of the displacement of the car 8 as described above, the elevator controller 10 determines that the amount of deviation of the floor position of the car 8 received from the car position detector 14 exceeds a predetermined threshold (step S4 in FIG. 5). ), A releveling operation (reflooring operation) for adjusting the floor surface position of the car 8 to the floor surface position of the hall not shown (steps S5 to 7 in FIG. 5). If the determination result in step S4 in FIG. 5 is NO, the process proceeds to step S8 in FIG. 5 without performing the relevel operation.

  Specifically, the releveling operation is performed by rotating the hoisting machine motor 6 while releasing the hoisting machine brake 7 and operating the car brake 19. That is, even during this relevel operation, as shown in FIG. 6D, the brake arms 22 extend and contract while generating damping force as the car 8 moves, and the vibration of the car 8 is suppressed. become.

  Next, the elevator controller 10 determines whether or not the entrance / exit 16a of the cab 16 is closed (step S8 in FIG. 5). If the result of the determination is YES, the entrance / exit 16a of the cab 16 is closed. (Step S9 in FIG. 5), the car brake 19 and the hoisting machine brake 7 are released as shown in FIG. 6E (Step S10 in FIG. 5), and the car 8 starts to travel (Step in FIG. 5). S11). As is well known, in step S8 in FIG. 5, a predetermined time has elapsed since the door closing button (not shown) provided in the car room 16 is pressed or the door 16a of the car room 16 is opened. When it has elapsed, the doorway 16a is closed. If the result of determination in step S8 in FIG. 5 is NO, the process returns to step S4 in FIG.

  Here, in the present embodiment, as described above, the load on the car brake 19 is remarkably small because the change in the load on the car 8 is absorbed by the expansion and contraction of the main rope 2. The so-called start shock that the car 8 moves when the car brake 19 is released in step S10 in FIG. 5 can be reduced.

  If the car 8 is abnormally operated during the operation of the car brake 19 and tries to move beyond the movable range of the car 8, both the brake arms 22 are further extended or shortened. The movement of the car 8 can be prevented.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, vibrations of the car 8 when passengers or luggage get on and off can be suppressed by the dampers 30 formed on both brake arms 22, and so-called start shock when the car brake 19 is released can be suppressed. Therefore, the ride comfort of the elevator apparatus is dramatically improved.

  In addition, if the car 8 is abnormally operated while the passenger is getting on or off, the car brake 19 prevents movement of the car 8 beyond the movable range, so that the safety of the elevator apparatus is dramatically improved. To do.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Hoisting machine 2 ... Main rope 7 ... Hoisting machine brake 8 ... Car 12 ... Car guide rail (fixing member)
19 ... car brake 24 ... brake shoe (braking member)
24a ... Brake shoe contact surface 30 ... Damper (attenuator)

Claims (7)

In an elevator apparatus in which a car brake is attached to a car suspended from a main rope, and a braking member of the car brake comes into contact with a fixed member fixed to a hoistway peripheral wall to brake the car.
The car brake is provided with an attenuator that can move the car relative to the braking member of the car brake within a predetermined movable range in the car ascending / descending direction and attenuates the vibration of the car with respect to the braking member. The elevator apparatus characterized by this.   The braking member of the car brake is connected to the car via an attenuator capable of extending and contracting in the car ascending / descending direction, and the attenuator expands and contracts while generating a damping force, so that the car brakes the car brake. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the elevator apparatus is configured to move relative to the member in a car ascending / descending direction. When the car brake is released, the car brake braking member is held at a position where the relative position of the car with respect to the car brake braking member is an intermediate position within the movable range,
The elevator apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the car is movable relative to the braking member of the car brake in both upward and downward directions after the car brake is operated.   The brake member of the car brake is disposed opposite to the guide rail as the fixed member that guides the raising and lowering of the car, and the brake member abuts on the guide rail to brake the car. The elevator apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   Of the braking member, at least a contact surface that comes into contact with the guide rail is formed of a permanent magnet material, and the brake member is attracted to the guide rail with its magnetic force when a car brake is operated. The elevator apparatus according to claim 4.   6. The hoisting machine having a drive sheave around which the main rope is wound has a hoisting machine brake that brakes the driving sheave separately from the car brake. An elevator apparatus according to the above.   7. The car doorway is opened after both the car brake and the hoisting machine brake are operated after the car has landed on a predetermined destination floor. Elevator device.

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