JP5390573B2 - Method for producing liquid fertilizer - Google Patents

Method for producing liquid fertilizer Download PDF

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JP5390573B2
JP5390573B2 JP2011198951A JP2011198951A JP5390573B2 JP 5390573 B2 JP5390573 B2 JP 5390573B2 JP 2011198951 A JP2011198951 A JP 2011198951A JP 2011198951 A JP2011198951 A JP 2011198951A JP 5390573 B2 JP5390573 B2 JP 5390573B2
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liquid
stock solution
fraction
nitrogen
transpiration
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JP2012025659A (en
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徹 美馬
直明 内山
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Fujita Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
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Description

本発明は、液体肥料の製造方法に関するものであり、詳しくは、有機系廃棄物を発酵させてバイオガスを取り出した後の残渣から、植物の生育に有効な栄養素のバランスを具備する液体肥料を低コストで製造することのできる方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to the production how the liquid manure, particularly, from the residue after removal of biogas by fermenting organic waste, liquid having a balance of effective nutrients for plant growth those related to how capable of producing a fertilizer at a low cost.

循環型社会形成推進基本法のもと食品リサイクル法が施行されるなか、有機系廃棄物（食品廃棄物、家畜ふん尿、下水汚泥、廃木材など）のリサイクル化が問われている。有機系廃棄物のリサイクルは主にコンポスト化、バイオガス化、飼料化、建材化などがあり、循環社会推進のためリサイクル率を高めていく必要がある。
従来、有機系廃棄物からバイオガスを取り出した後の残渣は、固形はコンポスト化され堆肥に、液体は液体肥料としての利用が考えられている。 The recycling of organic waste (food waste, livestock manure, sewage sludge, waste wood, etc.) is being questioned while the Food Recycling Law is enacted under the Basic Law for the Promotion of a Recycling Society. Organic waste recycling mainly includes composting, biogas, feed, and building materials. It is necessary to increase the recycling rate to promote a recycling society.
Conventionally, the residue after taking out biogas from organic waste is composted in solid form and used as compost, and liquid is used as liquid fertilizer.

図３は、従来のバイオガス生産に伴う液体肥料生産システムを説明するための図である。
図３において、有機系廃棄物１は、粉砕異物除去装置２により粉砕され異物が除去された後、発酵槽３に運ばれ、バイオガス４が取り出される。
生じた残渣は固液分離機５により固体と液体とに分離され、液体は液体肥料３６として取り出される。 FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a conventional liquid fertilizer production system associated with biogas production.
In FIG. 3, the organic waste 1 is pulverized by the pulverized foreign matter removing device 2 to remove foreign matters, and then is carried to the fermenter 3 where the biogas 4 is taken out.
The resulting residue is separated into solid and liquid by the solid-liquid separator 5, and the liquid is taken out as liquid fertilizer 36.

しかしながら、このように生産された液体肥料は、各栄養素量が変動しやすく、また窒素やリンが過剰に含まれるためこのままでは液体肥料として利用できないという欠点がある。さらに、大量の水分を含むために、施肥する場所までの輸送コストが非常にかかるという欠点もある。
このような理由から、前記液体肥料は肥料としての利用が限定され、そのほとんどが水処理施設で処理され廃棄されているのが現状である。
したがって本発明の目的は、有機系廃棄物を発酵させてバイオガスを取り出した後の残渣から、植物の生育に有効な栄養素のバランスを具備する液体肥料を低コストで製造することのできる方法を提供することにある。 However, the liquid fertilizer produced in this way has the disadvantages that the amount of each nutrient is likely to fluctuate and nitrogen and phosphorus are excessively contained, so that it cannot be used as it is. Furthermore, since it contains a large amount of moisture, there is also a disadvantage that the transportation cost to the place where fertilization is applied is very high.
For these reasons, the use of the liquid fertilizer is limited as a fertilizer, and most of the liquid fertilizer is processed and discarded at a water treatment facility.
Therefore, an object of the present invention, from the residue after removal of biogas by fermenting organic waste, how capable of producing a liquid fertilizer having a balance of effective nutrients for plant growth at a low cost Is to provide.

前記目的を達成するため本発明は、有機系廃棄物を発酵させてバイオガスを取り出した後の残渣から液体肥料を製造する方法であって、前記残渣から液体を分離する液体分離工程と、前記液体分離工程で分離された液体に含まれる水分を蒸散させる蒸散工程と、前記蒸散工程で濃縮された原液を富カリウム画分と富窒素−リン画分とに分画する分画工程と、前記各画分に含まれる水分を蒸発する水分蒸発工程とを有し、前記液体分離工程で分離された液体に含まれるアンモニア態窒素を、硝酸態窒素に変換させた後、得られた液体を前記分画工程に供することを特徴とし、前記分画工程が、液体分離工程で分離された液体をイオン交換樹脂に接触させる工程からなることをさらに特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for producing liquid fertilizer from a residue after fermenting organic waste and taking out biogas, the liquid separating step for separating the liquid from the residue, A transpiration step for transpiration of water contained in the liquid separated in the liquid separation step, a fractionation step for fractionating the stock solution concentrated in the transpiration step into a potassium-rich fraction and a nitrogen-rich-phosphorus fraction, and A water evaporation step for evaporating water contained in each fraction, and after converting ammonia nitrogen contained in the liquid separated in the liquid separation step to nitrate nitrogen, the obtained liquid is It is characterized by providing to a fractionation process, and the fractionation process further comprises a step of bringing the liquid separated in the liquid separation step into contact with an ion exchange resin .

本発明によれば、有機系廃棄物を発酵させてバイオガスを取り出した後の残渣から、植物の生育に有効な栄養素のバランスを具備する液体肥料を低コストで製造することのできる方法が提供される。 According to the present invention, from the residue after removal of biogas by fermenting organic waste, is how capable of producing a liquid fertilizer having a balance of effective nutrients for plant growth at a low cost Provided.

本発明の製造方法の一実施態様を説明するための概略図である。It is the schematic for demonstrating one embodiment of the manufacturing method of this invention. 本発明の製造方法を実施可能な装置の一例を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating an example of the apparatus which can implement the manufacturing method of this invention. 従来のバイオガス生産に伴う液体肥料生産システムを説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the liquid fertilizer production system accompanying the conventional biogas production.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を添付図面にしたがって説明する。
図１は、本発明の製造方法の一実施態様を説明するための概略図である。
図１において、有機系廃棄物１は、粉砕異物除去装置２により粉砕され異物が除去された後、発酵槽３に運ばれ、バイオガス４が取り出される。
生じた残渣は固液分離機５により固体と液体とに分離され、液体は原液６として取り出される。なお、前記の粉砕異物除去装置２、発酵槽３、バイオガス４の取り出し方法、固液分離機５については当業界でよく知られている内容なので、ここでの詳しい説明は省略する。
続いて、原液６は、蒸散装置７に運ばれ水分が調節され、イオン交換樹脂８に供給され、カリウムに富む富カリウム画分９（溶液Ａ）と、窒素およびリンに富む富窒素−リン画分１０（溶液Ｂ）とに分画される。
続いて、溶液ＡおよびＢはそれぞれ水分蒸発機１１および１２に供給され濃縮され、濃縮液体肥料１３（カリベース）および１４（窒素−リンベース）が得られる。
なお、イオン交換樹脂８による分画を容易にするために、原液６に多く含まれるアンモニア態窒素を硝酸態窒素に変換する必要がある。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view for explaining one embodiment of the production method of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, the organic waste 1 is pulverized by the pulverized foreign matter removing device 2 to remove foreign matters, and then transferred to the fermenter 3 where biogas 4 is taken out.
The resulting residue is separated into a solid and a liquid by the solid-liquid separator 5, and the liquid is taken out as a stock solution 6. Since the pulverized foreign matter removing device 2, the fermenter 3, the biogas 4 extraction method, and the solid-liquid separator 5 are well known in the art, detailed description thereof is omitted here.
Subsequently, the undiluted solution 6 is transported to the transpiration unit 7, moisture is adjusted and supplied to the ion exchange resin 8, the potassium rich fraction 9 (solution A) rich in potassium, and the nitrogen rich and phosphorus rich nitrogen-phosphorus fraction. Fraction 10 (solution B).
Subsequently, the solutions A and B are respectively supplied to the water evaporators 11 and 12 and concentrated to obtain concentrated liquid fertilizers 13 (potassium base) and 14 (nitrogen-phosphorus base).
In order to facilitate fractionation by the ion exchange resin 8, it is necessary to convert the ammonia nitrogen contained in the stock solution 6 into nitrate nitrogen.

図２は、本発明の製造方法を実施可能な装置の一例を説明するための図である。
図２において、固液分離機により分離された原液は、原液タンク２１に貯えられている。なお、原液タンク２１にはブロワー２２を設置して原液を曝気し、ＢＯＤを低減させておくのが好ましい。
次に、原液は原液タンク２１から濃縮液貯蔵タンク２８に送られる。さらに、ポンプ２３により蒸散装置２４に運ばれ、ここで水分が調節される。水分は、カリウム、窒素、リン濃度が原液中にそれぞれ１％程度になるように蒸発させるのが好ましい（通常、原液の水分の８０％が蒸散する）。
また、図２の蒸散装置２４は、公知の溶液噴霧蒸散方式の装置であって、原液を噴霧器２５から装置下方に噴霧するとともに、フィルターでろ過された外気をブロワー２６により装置下部から取り入れて上部に排出させる構成となっている。 FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of an apparatus capable of performing the manufacturing method of the present invention.
In FIG. 2, the stock solution separated by the solid-liquid separator is stored in a stock solution tank 21. In addition, it is preferable to install a blower 22 in the stock solution tank 21 to aerate the stock solution to reduce BOD.
Next, the stock solution is sent from the stock solution tank 21 to the concentrate storage tank 28. Further, the water is transported to the transpiration device 24 by the pump 23 where the moisture is adjusted. It is preferable to evaporate the water so that the concentrations of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus are about 1% in the stock solution (normally, 80% of the water in the stock solution evaporates).
2 is a well-known solution spray transpiration type apparatus, in which the stock solution is sprayed downward from the sprayer 25 and outside air filtered by a filter is taken in from the lower part of the apparatus by a blower 26. It is configured to be discharged.

図２の態様によれば、原液に多く含まれるアンモニア態窒素を硝酸態窒素に変換するバイオフィルター２７が設けられている。バイオフィルター２７には、微生物（例えばNitrosomonas（ニトロソモナス）属やNitrobacter（ニトロバクター）属）が固定され、原液と接触できるようになっている。前記微生物は、原液に多く含まれるアンモニア態窒素を硝酸態窒素に変換可能であるとともにＢＯＤも低減できるため好ましい。原液と微生物の接触により、続くイオン交換塔３０による分画が容易となる。   According to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the biofilter 27 that converts ammonia nitrogen contained in the stock solution into nitrate nitrogen is provided. Microorganisms (for example, Nitrosomonas genus or Nitrobacter genus) are fixed on the biofilter 27 so that they can come into contact with the stock solution. The microorganism is preferable because it can convert ammonia nitrogen contained in the stock solution into nitrate nitrogen and reduce BOD. Subsequent fractionation by the ion exchange tower 30 is facilitated by the contact between the stock solution and the microorganism.

バイオフィルター２７を通過した原液は、濃縮液貯蔵タンク２８に貯えられ、ポンプ２９によりイオン交換塔３０に運ばれる。なお濃縮液貯蔵タンク２８に貯えられた原液は、その一部を再び蒸散装置２４に循環させてもよい。
イオン交換塔３０は、原液をカリウムに富む富カリウム画分と、窒素およびリンに富む富窒素−リン画分とに分画するものである。
イオン交換塔には、この目的を達成するイオン交換樹脂が充填されている。
前記イオン交換樹脂としては、例えばＨ型強酸性陽イオン交換樹脂が挙げられる。このイオン交換樹脂は、陽イオンのＫ＋を固定して、陰イオンのＮＯ３ −およびＰＯ４ −は通過させる。ＮＯ３ −およびＰＯ４ −通過後は、ＮａＣｌタンク３１からＮａＣｌをイオン交換塔３０に供給し、固定されたＫ＋を溶出させる。各画分は画分ごとに貯留タンク３２、３３に貯えられた後、水分蒸発機３４、３５に供給され濃縮される。水分蒸発機３４、３５は、温度が例えば８０℃に設定され、各栄養素の設計量への微調整と、殺菌を同時に行うことができる。なお、水分蒸発機３４、３５としては、前記の公知の溶液噴霧蒸散方式の装置を利用することができる。水分蒸発後は、濃縮液体肥料として製品タンク３６、３７にそれぞれ各画分が貯えられる。なお、濃縮液貯蔵タンク２８に貯えられた原液のイオン交換塔３０への供給のためのポンプの稼動、およびＮａＣｌタンク３１からＮａＣｌのイオン交換塔３０への供給のためのポンプの稼動は、制御盤３８により制御されている。ここで、ＮａＣｌタンク３１からＮａＣｌのイオン交換塔３０への供給のためのポンプの稼動は、イオン交換塔３０の出口部付近に設けられたＮａセンサー３９から送信された信号に基づいている。さらに制御盤３８は、弁４０，４１，４２を制御し、貯留タンク３２，３３への各画分の流入量も制御することができる。なお、４３は廃液タンクである。 The stock solution that has passed through the biofilter 27 is stored in the concentrate storage tank 28 and is transported to the ion exchange tower 30 by the pump 29. A part of the stock solution stored in the concentrate storage tank 28 may be circulated again to the transpiration device 24.
The ion exchange column 30 fractionates the stock solution into a potassium rich fraction rich in potassium and a nitrogen rich and phosphorus rich fraction rich in nitrogen and phosphorus.
The ion exchange tower is packed with an ion exchange resin that achieves this purpose.
Examples of the ion exchange resin include H-type strongly acidic cation exchange resins. This ion exchange resin fixes the cation K + and allows the anions NO 3 − and PO 4 − to pass through. After passing through NO 3 − and PO 4 − , NaCl is supplied from the NaCl tank 31 to the ion exchange tower 30 to elute the fixed K + . Each fraction is stored in the storage tanks 32 and 33 for each fraction, and then supplied to the water evaporators 34 and 35 to be concentrated. The moisture evaporators 34 and 35 are set to a temperature of, for example, 80 ° C., and can finely adjust the nutrient amount to the designed amount and sterilize at the same time. As the moisture evaporators 34 and 35, the known solution spray transpiration apparatus can be used. After moisture evaporation, each fraction is stored in the product tanks 36 and 37 as concentrated liquid fertilizer. The operation of the pump for supplying the stock solution stored in the concentrate storage tank 28 to the ion exchange tower 30 and the operation of the pump for supplying NaCl from the NaCl tank 31 to the ion exchange tower 30 are controlled. It is controlled by the board 38. Here, the operation of the pump for supplying NaCl from the NaCl tank 31 to the ion exchange tower 30 is based on a signal transmitted from the Na sensor 39 provided near the outlet of the ion exchange tower 30. Further, the control panel 38 can control the valves 40, 41, and 42, and can control the inflow amount of each fraction into the storage tanks 32 and 33. Reference numeral 43 denotes a waste liquid tank.

このようにして製造されたカリベースの濃縮液体肥料と窒素−リンベースの濃縮液体肥料は、水分が大幅に減じられ質量および嵩も減少しているため、施肥する場所までの輸送コストがかさむことがない。
また、施肥前に前記各濃縮液体肥料を所定の割合で混合すれば、植物の生育に有効な栄養素のバランスを具備する液体肥料を簡単に得ることができる。 Potassium-based concentrated liquid fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus-based concentrated liquid fertilizer manufactured in this way have significantly reduced moisture and reduced mass and bulk, which can increase the cost of transportation to the fertilizer application site. Absent.
Moreover, if each said concentrated liquid fertilizer is mixed in a predetermined ratio before fertilization, the liquid fertilizer which comprises the balance of a nutrient effective for plant growth can be obtained easily.

１ 有機系廃棄物
２ 粉砕異物除去装置
３ 発酵槽
４ バイオガス
５ 固液分離機
６ 原液
７、２４ 蒸散装置
８ イオン交換樹脂
９ 富カリウム画分
１０ 富窒素−リン画分
１１、１２、３４、３５ 水分蒸発機
２１ 原液タンク
２７ バイオフィルター
３０ イオン交換塔
３８ 制御盤
３９ Ｎａセンサー
４０、４１、４２ 弁 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Organic waste 2 Ground foreign material removal device 3 Fermenter 4 Biogas 5 Solid-liquid separator 6 Stock solution 7, 24 Evaporation device 8 Ion exchange resin 9 Potassium-rich fraction 10 Nitrogen-phosphorus fraction 11, 12, 34, 35 Water Evaporator 21 Stock Solution Tank 27 Biofilter 30 Ion Exchange Tower 38 Control Panel 39 Na Sensor 40, 41, 42 Valve

Claims (1)

有機系廃棄物を発酵させてバイオガスを取り出した後の残渣から液体肥料を製造する方法であって、
前記残渣から液体を分離する液体分離工程と、
前記液体分離工程で分離された液体に含まれる水分を蒸散させる蒸散工程と、
前記蒸散工程で濃縮された原液を富カリウム画分と富窒素−リン画分とに分画する分画工程と、
前記各画分に含まれる水分を蒸発する水分蒸発工程とを有し、
前記液体分離工程で分離された液体に含まれるアンモニア態窒素を、硝酸態窒素に変換させた後、得られた液体を前記分画工程に供する、とともに、
前記分画工程が、液体分離工程で分離された液体をイオン交換樹脂に接触させる工程からなる、
ことを特徴とする液体肥料の製造方法。 A method for producing liquid fertilizer from residues after fermenting organic waste and taking out biogas,
A liquid separation step of separating the liquid from the residue;
A transpiration step of transpiration of water contained in the liquid separated in the liquid separation step;
A fractionation step of fractionating the stock solution concentrated in the transpiration step into a potassium-rich fraction and a nitrogen-rich-phosphorus fraction;
A water evaporation step of evaporating the water contained in each fraction,
After converting ammonia nitrogen contained in the liquid separated in the liquid separation step into nitrate nitrogen, the obtained liquid is subjected to the fractionation step, and
The fractionation step comprises a step of bringing the liquid separated in the liquid separation step into contact with an ion exchange resin.
A method for producing a liquid fertilizer.
JP2011198951A 2011-09-13 2011-09-13 Method for producing liquid fertilizer Expired - Lifetime JP5390573B2 (en)

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