JP5386705B2 - High-purity iron alloy with excellent fatigue resistance - Google Patents
High-purity iron alloy with excellent fatigue resistance Download PDFInfo
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- JP5386705B2 JP5386705B2 JP2008272974A JP2008272974A JP5386705B2 JP 5386705 B2 JP5386705 B2 JP 5386705B2 JP 2008272974 A JP2008272974 A JP 2008272974A JP 2008272974 A JP2008272974 A JP 2008272974A JP 5386705 B2 JP5386705 B2 JP 5386705B2
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- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、耐疲労特性に優れるフェライト系の高純度鉄合金に関するものである。ここで、本発明の上記高純度鉄合金には、極微量のＣ，Ｎ，ＳおよびＯを含有する高純度鉄（純Ｆｅ）も含むものとする。 The present invention relates to a ferritic high-purity iron alloy having excellent fatigue resistance. Here, the high-purity iron alloy of the present invention includes high-purity iron (pure Fe) containing trace amounts of C, N, S and O.
金属材料は、その引張強さを超える応力を加えると破壊する。しかし、その応力が巨視的降伏応力以下であっても、それが繰り返されると疲労を起こし、ついには破断に至ることがある。何回の繰り返し数で破壊するかは、その応力の大きさによる。繰り返し応力を特定数加えたときに疲労しない最大応力を、その繰り返し数における疲労強度または疲れ強度といい、また、疲労強度と繰り返し数の関係を表した線図をＳ−Ｎ線図といい、この線の下の領域では疲労を起こさない。 A metal material breaks when a stress exceeding its tensile strength is applied. However, even if the stress is less than or equal to the macroscopic yield stress, if it is repeated, fatigue may occur and eventually breakage may occur. The number of times of failure depends on the magnitude of the stress. The maximum stress that does not fatigue when a specific number of repeated stresses is applied is referred to as fatigue strength or fatigue strength at the number of repetitions, and a diagram representing the relationship between fatigue strength and the number of repetitions is referred to as an SN diagram, There is no fatigue in the area below this line.
鋼のＳ−Ｎ曲線は、右下がりの直線、即ち、繰り返し数が多くなるほど、より小さな応力で疲労を起こすが、繰り返し数が１０６〜１０７からは水平の直線となり、繰り返し数がいくら多くなっても疲労を起こす応力は変わらなくなる。この水平の直線の応力は、疲労限度または疲れ限度と呼ばれる。そして、疲労限度未満の繰り返し応力であれば、無限回数、応力を加えても疲労破壊を起こさない。したがって、鋼材は、通常、疲労限度未満の応力下で使用される。 The SN curve of steel is a straight line that falls to the right, that is, fatigue increases with a smaller stress as the number of repetitions increases, but from 10 6 to 10 7 the number of repetitions becomes a horizontal straight line. Even so, the stress that causes fatigue does not change. This horizontal straight line stress is called the fatigue limit or fatigue limit. And if it is a repetitive stress below the fatigue limit, fatigue failure will not occur even if the stress is applied an infinite number of times. Therefore, steel is usually used under stresses below the fatigue limit.
一般に、多くの鉄鋼材料の疲労限度は、引張強さの４０〜６０％、即ち、（疲労限度／引張強さ）で表される「疲労限度比」が０．４〜０．６の範囲にあるといわれている。ここで、降伏比（＝降伏応力／引張強さ）を０．９とすると、疲労限度は、降伏応力の４４〜６７％の範囲であることになる。これは、従来の鉄鋼材料は、降伏応力の約２／３以下の応力下で使用されていることを意味する。したがって、上記疲労限度比を高めることができれば、低強度鋼でも使用可能範囲を拡大することができるので、その効果は計り知れないものがある。 Generally, the fatigue limit of many steel materials is 40 to 60% of the tensile strength, that is, the “fatigue limit ratio” expressed by (fatigue limit / tensile strength) is in the range of 0.4 to 0.6. It is said that there is. Here, assuming that the yield ratio (= yield stress / tensile strength) is 0.9, the fatigue limit is in the range of 44 to 67% of the yield stress. This means that conventional steel materials are used under a stress of about 2/3 or less of the yield stress. Therefore, if the fatigue limit ratio can be increased, the usable range can be expanded even with low-strength steel, and the effect is immeasurable.
また、原子力発電プラントや火力発電プラント、各種輸送機器等の分野では、安全性に対する要求が極めて厳しいことから、使用される鉄鋼材料が耐疲労特性に優れていることが強く求められている。 Further, in the fields of nuclear power plants, thermal power plants, various transportation equipments, and the like, since safety requirements are extremely severe, it is strongly required that steel materials used have excellent fatigue resistance.
そこで、本発明の目的は、耐疲労特性に優れる鉄鋼材料、具体的には、疲労限度比（疲労限度／引張強さ）が０．６以上である耐疲労特性に優れる高純度鉄合金を提供することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a steel material having excellent fatigue resistance, specifically, a high-purity iron alloy having excellent fatigue resistance with a fatigue limit ratio (fatigue limit / tensile strength) of 0.6 or more. There is to do.
発明者らは、かねてから、フェライト系の純ＦｅおよびＦｅ−Ｃｒ系合金を高純度化したときの合金が有する各種特性の変化に着目し、研究を重ねてきた。その結果、純ＦｅやＦｅ−Ｃｒ系合金を、従来の不純物混入レベルを超えてさらに低減し、Ｃ，Ｎ，ＳおよびＯの合計を１００ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下に高純度化することにより、加工性や溶接性、耐食性等に優れるだけでなく、耐疲労特性にも優れる材料を得ることができることを知見し、本発明を完成させた。 The inventors have been researching for a long time, paying attention to changes in various properties of alloys obtained by purifying ferritic pure Fe and Fe—Cr alloys. As a result, pure Fe and Fe-Cr alloys are further reduced beyond the conventional impurity contamination level, and the total amount of C, N, S and O is increased to 100 massppm or less, thereby improving workability and weldability. The inventors have found that it is possible to obtain a material not only excellent in corrosion resistance but also excellent in fatigue resistance, and completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明は、Ｃ：１０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下、Ｎ：１０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下、Ｃ，Ｎ，ＳおよびＯの合計量が１００ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下で、さらに、Ｃｒ：２０〜５０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｍｏ：１０ｍａｓｓ％以下およびＷ：１０ｍａｓｓ％以下を含有し、残部がＦｅおよび不可避的不純物の成分組成からなり、疲労試験における繰り返し数が１０７の疲労限度比が０．６以上である高純度鉄合金である。 That is, the present invention is such that C: 10 massppm or less, N: 10 massppm or less, the total amount of C, N, S and O is 100 massppm or less , Cr: 20-50 mass%, Mo: 10 mass% or less, and W: 10 mass% It is a high-purity iron alloy containing the following, with the balance being composed of component compositions of Fe and inevitable impurities, and having a fatigue limit ratio of 0.6 or more with a repetition number of 10 7 in a fatigue test.
本発明によれば、疲労試験における繰り返し数が１０７の疲労強度、即ち、疲労限度が引張強さの０．６倍以上である耐疲労特性に優れる鉄合金（鉄鋼材料）を提供することができる。したがって、本発明の鉄合金は、安全性の向上や鉄合金の使用分野の拡大に大いに寄与する。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an iron alloy (steel material) having excellent fatigue resistance with a fatigue strength of 10 7 in the fatigue test, that is, a fatigue limit of 0.6 times or more of the tensile strength. it can. Therefore, the iron alloy of the present invention greatly contributes to the improvement of safety and the expansion of the field of use of the iron alloy.
本発明に係る高純度鉄合金の成分組成を限定する理由について説明する。
（Ｃ＋Ｎ＋Ｓ＋Ｏ）：１００ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下
Ｃ，Ｎ，ＳおよびＯは、鋼中に不純物として不可避的に混入してくる元素である。これらの元素は、他の元素と炭窒化物や硫化物、酸化物等を形成し、粒界や粒内に析出して、耐疲労特性を劣化させるだけでなく、加工性や溶接性、耐食性等の低下を引き起こす。特に、これらの元素の合計量が１００ｍａｓｓｐｐｍを超えると耐疲労特性の低下が顕著となるため、Ｃ，Ｎ，ＳおよびＯは、合計で１００ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下に制限する。好ましくは、５０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下、より好ましくは、３０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下である。
The reason for limiting the component composition of the high purity iron alloy according to the present invention will be described.
(C + N + S + O): 100 mass ppm or less C, N, S and O are elements inevitably mixed as impurities in steel. These elements form carbonitrides, sulfides, oxides, etc. with other elements and precipitate in grain boundaries and grains, not only deteriorating fatigue resistance, but also workability, weldability, corrosion resistance Etc. In particular, when the total amount of these elements exceeds 100 massppm, the fatigue resistance is significantly reduced. Therefore, C, N, S, and O are limited to 100 massppm or less in total. Preferably, it is 50 massppm or less, More preferably, it is 30 massppm or less.
なお、Ｃ，Ｎ，ＳおよびＯは、合計で１００ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下であることが必須であるが、個々の成分については、Ｃ：２０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下、Ｎ：２０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下、Ｓ：１０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下およびＯ：５０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下であることが好ましく、さらには、Ｃ：１０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下、Ｎ：１０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下、Ｓ：５ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下およびＯ：３０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下であることがより好ましい。 C, N, S, and O must be 100 massppm or less in total, but for each component, C: 20 massppm or less, N: 20 massppm or less, S: 10 massppm or less, and O: 50 massppm or less. More preferably, C: 10 massppm or less, N: 10 massppm or less, S: 5 massppm or less, and O: 30 massppm or less are more preferable.
本発明の高純度鉄合金は、上記Ｃ，Ｎ，ＳおよびＯ以外の成分として、Ｃｒ，ＷおよびＭｏのうちから選ばれる１種または２種以上を下記範囲で含有することができる。
Ｃｒ：１５〜５０ｍａｓｓ％
Ｃｒは、本発明の高純度鉄合金においては、強度と耐食性を確保するために添加する元素であり、斯かる効果を発現させるためには、１５ｍａｓｓ％以上添加することが好ましい。Ｃｒ含有量が１５ｍａｓｓ％未満では、強度や耐食性の向上効果が十分に得られない。一方、Ｃｒの含有量が５０ｍａｓｓ％を超えると、上記効果が飽和すると共に、靭性も低下するようになる。より好ましくは、２０〜４０ｍａｓｓ％の範囲である。
The high-purity iron alloy of the present invention can contain one or more selected from Cr, W and Mo as components other than C, N, S and O in the following ranges.
Cr: 15-50 mass%
Cr is an element added to ensure strength and corrosion resistance in the high-purity iron alloy of the present invention. In order to exhibit such effects, it is preferable to add 15 mass% or more. If the Cr content is less than 15 mass%, the effect of improving strength and corrosion resistance cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, when the content of Cr exceeds 50 mass%, the above effect is saturated and toughness is lowered. More preferably, it is the range of 20-40 mass%.
Ｗ：１０ｍａｓｓ％以下
Ｗは、合金強度を高めるのに有効な元素であり、必要に応じて添加することができる。しかし、１０ｍａｓｓ％を超えて添加した場合には、靭性の低下を招く。よって、Ｗは、１０ｍａｓｓ％以下添加するのが好ましい。より好ましくは１〜６ｍａｓｓ％の範囲である。
W: 10 mass% or less W is an element effective for increasing the alloy strength, and can be added as necessary. However, when it exceeds 10 mass%, toughness is reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to add 10 mass% or less of W. More preferably, it is the range of 1-6 mass%.
Ｍｏ：１０ｍａｓｓ％以下
Ｍｏは、合金強度を高めるのに有効な元素であり、必要に応じて添加することができる。しかし、１０ｍａｓｓ％を超えて添加した場合には、靭性の低下を招く。よって、Ｍｏは、１０ｍａｓｓ％以下添加するのが好ましい。より好ましくは２〜６ｍａｓｓ％の範囲である。
Mo: 10 mass% or less Mo is an element effective for increasing the alloy strength, and can be added as necessary. However, when it exceeds 10 mass%, toughness is reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to add 10 mass% or less of Mo. More preferably, it is the range of 2-6 mass%.
本発明の高純度鉄合金は、上記成分以外の残部は、Ｆｅおよび不可避的不純物である。しかし、上記以外の成分は、本発明の作用効果を害さない範囲であれば含有することができ、例えば、Ｓｉ：０．０１５ｍａｓｓ％以下、Ｍｎ：０．０１ｍａｓｓ％以下、Ｐ：０．０１ｍａｓｓ％以下、Ａｌ：０．０５ｍａｓｓ％以下、Ｎｉ：０．６０ｍａｓｓ％以下の範囲で含有してもよい。
また、ＮｂおよびＴｉは、Ｃ，Ｎと炭窒化物を形成したり、Ｓと硫化物等を形成したりして析出し、高温強度を高める元素であり、Ｎｂ：１ｍａｓｓ％以下、Ｔｉ：１ｍａｓｓ％以下の範囲で必要に応じて添加することができる。なお、これらの元素を同時添加する場合には、合計で１．５ｍａｓｓ％以下に制限するのが好ましい。
また、Ｂは、粒界の強度を高める元素であり、必要に応じて０．００５０ｍａｓｓ％以下の範囲で含有することができる。
その他の不可避的不純物としては、Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ａｓ，Ｓｎ，Ｚｎ，Ｚｒ等があるが、これらの元素は合計で０．０１ｍａｓｓ％以下に制限することが好ましい。
In the high purity iron alloy of the present invention, the balance other than the above components is Fe and inevitable impurities. However, components other than those described above can be contained as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. For example, Si: 0.015 mass% or less, Mn: 0.01 mass% or less, P: 0.01 mass% Hereinafter, Al: 0.05 mass% or less, Ni: 0.60 mass% or less may be contained.
Nb and Ti are elements that precipitate by forming carbon, nitrides with C, N, or sulfides with S, etc., and increasing high temperature strength. Nb: 1 mass% or less, Ti: 1 mass % Can be added as necessary within the range of% or less. In addition, when adding these elements simultaneously, it is preferable to restrict | limit to 1.5 mass% or less in total.
B is an element that increases the strength of the grain boundary, and can be contained in a range of 0.0050 mass% or less as necessary.
Other inevitable impurities include Cu, Pb, As, Sn, Zn, Zr, etc., but these elements are preferably limited to 0.01 mass% or less in total.
上記成分組成を満たす本発明の高純度鉄合金は、繰り返し数が１０７における疲労強度（疲労限度）が引張強さの０．６倍以上、即ち、疲労限度比が０．６以上という優れた耐疲労特性を有するものとなる。特に、Ｃ，Ｎ，ＳおよびＯの合計含有量をさらに低減した場合には、疲労限度比が０．７以上、あるいは、０．８以上とすることも可能であり、さらには、Ｃ，Ｎ，ＳおよびＯの合計含有量を２０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下の超高純度にした場合には、疲労限度比が０．９以上という降伏応力にほぼ匹敵する疲労限度を有する極めて優れた耐疲労特性を有するものとなる。 The high-purity iron alloy of the present invention satisfying the above component composition is excellent in that the fatigue strength (fatigue limit) at a repetition rate of 10 7 is 0.6 times or more of the tensile strength, that is, the fatigue limit ratio is 0.6 or more. It has fatigue resistance. In particular, when the total content of C, N, S and O is further reduced, the fatigue limit ratio can be 0.7 or more, or 0.8 or more. When the total content of, S and O is made ultrahigh purity of 20 massppm or less, the fatigue limit ratio is 0.9 or more and has a fatigue limit almost equal to the yield stress, and has excellent fatigue resistance characteristics. Become.
表１に示した、Ｃ，Ｎ，ＳおよびＯの含有量が異なる４種類の２０ｍａｓｓ％Ｃｒ−３ｍａｓｓ％Ｍｏ−２ｍａｓｓ％Ｗ−Ｆｅ合金を溶製し、熱間圧延し、大気雰囲気中で９５０℃×３０ｍｉｎの溶体化処理を施した後、これらの熱延材から圧延方向を引張方向とするＪＩＳ Ｚ２２０１に規定された４号引張試験片と、図１に示した形状の疲労試験片を作製し、引張試験および高サイクル（３０Ｈｚ）の回転曲げ疲労試験に供した。なお、参考例として、市販のＳＵＳ３１６Ｌから、上記と同じ疲労試験片を作製し、同様の試験に供した。
引張試験は、ＪＩＳ Ｚ２２４１に準拠して行い、降伏応力ＹＳ、引張強さＴＳおよび伸びＥｌを測定した。
また、回転曲げ疲労試験は、振幅応力６０〜４００ＭＰａで、繰り返し数１０７の疲労強度（疲労限度）を測定し、下記式から、疲労限度比を求めた。
疲労限度比＝（繰り返し数１０７の疲労強度／引張強さ）
Four types of 20 mass% Cr-3 mass% Mo-2 mass% W—Fe alloys shown in Table 1 having different contents of C, N, S, and O are melted, hot-rolled, and 950 in the atmosphere. After a solution treatment at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes, a No. 4 tensile test piece defined in JIS Z2201 whose tensile direction is the rolling direction and a fatigue test piece having the shape shown in FIG. And subjected to a tensile test and a high cycle (30 Hz) rotating bending fatigue test. In addition, as a reference example, the same fatigue test piece as the above was produced from commercially available SUS316L, and it used for the same test.
The tensile test was conducted according to JIS Z2241, and the yield stress YS, tensile strength TS, and elongation El were measured.
Further, in the rotating bending fatigue test, the fatigue strength (fatigue limit) with an amplitude stress of 60 to 400 MPa and a repetition number of 10 7 was measured, and the fatigue limit ratio was determined from the following formula.
Fatigue limit ratio = (fatigue strength with 10 7 repetitions / tensile strength)
上記引張試験の結果を表２に、また、疲労試験の結果をＳ−Ｎ線図として図２に、また、図２から求められる繰り返し数１０７の疲労強度と、疲労限度比を表２に示した。これらの結果から、本発明に適合する高純度鉄合金（Ｎｏ．１〜３（ただし、Ｎｏ．３は参考例））は、繰り返し数が１０７における疲労限度比が０．６以上であり、耐疲労特性に優れていることがわかる。特に、Ｃ，Ｎ，ＳおよびＯの合計量を２０ｍａｓｓｐｐｍ以下の高純度にしたＮｏ．１の合金では、従来材料では実現不可能であった降伏応力に匹敵する疲労限度を有することがわかる。 The results of the tensile test are shown in Table 2, also the results of the fatigue test in FIG. 2 as S-N diagram, also the fatigue strength of the repeating number 107 obtained from Fig. 2, the fatigue ratio in Table 2 Indicated. From these results, the present invention meets high-purity iron alloy (No.1~3 (although, No.3 Reference Example)) is the number of repetitions is at least 0.6 fatigue ratio at 10 7, It can be seen that the fatigue resistance is excellent. In particular, No. 1 in which the total amount of C, N, S and O was high purity of 20 mass ppm or less. It can be seen that the alloy No. 1 has a fatigue limit comparable to the yield stress that was not possible with conventional materials.
本発明の鉄合金は、原子力発電プラントや火力発電プラント、各種輸送機器の分野に用いて有益であるが、その他の一般産業分野にも好適に用いることができる。 The iron alloy of the present invention is beneficial for use in the fields of nuclear power plants, thermal power plants, and various transportation equipment, but can also be suitably used in other general industrial fields.
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