JP5385570B2 - Batteries using acidic electrolyte - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a primary battery and a secondary battery using an acidic electrolyte.

  Conventionally, there are a wide variety of batteries, for example, disposable primary batteries, rechargeable secondary batteries, fuel cells, and the like are typical chemical batteries, and other physical batteries such as photovoltaic cells and solar cells are known. ing.

  As is well known, the primary battery cannot be charged and the secondary battery can be charged. However, there is a drawback that the battery must be connected to a power source and charged when charged. In addition, the fuel cell is expensive because platinum is used as an electrode catalyst. Furthermore, once the air battery used in a hearing aid or the like is peeled off and air is supplied, the internal chemical reaction cannot be stopped completely even after the seal is reapplied, and spontaneous discharge can be stopped. There is a disadvantage that cannot be done.

  On the other hand, a magnesium battery known as a reserve battery can obtain a relatively large electromotive force, but it is difficult to spread widely due to short discharge duration and the use of expensive materials such as silver chloride. Has been. This magnesium battery is still an undeveloped field, and there is very little information on it. For example, it is only described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 or the like.

Special table 2008-523211 gazette JP-T 9-501007

  As a result of repeated research related to the magnesium battery, the present inventors have found that the use of an acidic electrolyte has a much higher electromotive force than before and can be charged simply by replacing the metal of the negative electrode without connecting to a power source. The inventors have found out that the present invention has been completed. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a battery (primary battery and secondary battery) using an acidic electrolyte.

As means for achieving the above object, claim 1 of the present invention comprises at least a metal serving as a negative electrode and a conductive member serving as a positive electrode, and a separator disposed between the metal and the conductive member. A water absorbing / moisturizing member is disposed between the separator and the separator to form a polymer, and an acidic electrolyte is attached to a side of the conductive member facing the metal, and a side not facing the metal. A battery using an acidic electrolyte formed by arranging an anode catalyst ,
The metal is attached to the water absorption / humidity retention member, and the metal is exchanged together with the water absorption / humidity retention member .

A metal serving as least a negative electrode, by superposing a conductive member serving as a positive electrode to form a polymer, wherein the side facing to the metal in the conductive member is attached acidic electrolyte, the metal the polymer bent so as to be outside, it is possible to batteries using an acidic electrolyte comprising placing an anode catalyst in the space produced inside the conductive member.

A metal serving as least a negative electrode, by superposing a conductive member serving as a positive electrode to form a polymer, wherein the side facing to the metal in the conductive member is attached acidic electrolyte, the metal the polymer A battery using an acidic electrolyte which is bent so as to be inside and an anode catalyst is arranged outside the conductive member can be obtained.

It can be bent to the polymeric into a cylindrical shape.

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According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the battery using the acidic electrolyte according to the first aspect , the polymer is protected by an electrically insulating protective member.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the battery using the acidic electrolyte according to the first or second aspect , the polymer is housed in an electrically insulating container, and an air introduction hole is provided in the container. Features.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the negative electrode and the positive electrode are connected by the lead wire, the metal cation is eluted from the negative electrode, and the electrons move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode side via the lead wire, so that The supplied oxygen takes in electrons and generates water. Thereby, a current flows from the positive electrode to the negative electrode side, and electricity can be taken out. In this case, the metal cation generated from the negative electrode and the complex ion in the acidic electrolyte are combined to form a complex, but this complex is easily dissolved by the water generated by the battery chemical reaction, and thus the complex is formed on the metal surface of the negative electrode. A large electromotive force can be obtained without adhesion, and a decrease in electromotive force can be suppressed. In addition, although air is supplied to the positive electrode to react, the chemical reaction can be completely stopped by not contacting the negative electrode side with the acidic electrolyte.
Since the separator is disposed between the metal and the conductive member, the region between the negative electrode and the positive electrode can be partitioned, and the battery chemical reaction can be performed reliably.
Since a water absorbing / moisturizing member is disposed between the metal and the conductive member or between the metal and the separator, the acid electrolyte can be reliably and averaged in contact with the metal, and stable and stable Electric power can be obtained. Further, when the metal of the negative electrode is melted and lost by the battery chemical reaction (hereinafter referred to as erosion), it can be used continuously by replacing the metal. Thereby, the secondary battery which can be charged only by replacing | exchanging the metal of a negative electrode, without connecting with an external power supply can be formed .
Since a metal is attached to the water absorbing / moisturizing member and the metal is exchanged together with the water absorbing / moisturizing member, the metal can be easily replaced and can be neatly removed without leaving a metal residue.

A metal serving as the negative electrode at least, the superposed polymer and a conductive member serving as a positive electrode (applying the acid electrolyte on the side opposite to the metal), the metal is bent in two so as to be outside its By arranging the anode catalyst in the inner space, a small and light primary battery can be formed.

A small and light primary battery can be formed by arranging the anode catalyst on the outside of the conductive member by bending it in the opposite direction to the above, that is, with the metal on the inside.

By bending the polymer into a tubular shape, for example, a cylindrical or rectangular tubular primary battery can be formed. In this case, either the outer side or the inner side of the metal may be used.

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According to the second aspect of the invention, since the polymer is protected by the electrically insulating protective member, the battery can be prevented from being damaged and the strength of the battery itself can be improved.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the polymer is housed in an electrically insulating container and the air introduction hole is provided in the container, the battery can be sufficiently protected without obstructing the supply of air. it can.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment for reference of a battery using an acidic electrolyte according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic perspective view, and (b) is a schematic exploded cross-sectional view.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a plate-like metal serving as a negative electrode. In this embodiment, magnesium is used, but the present invention is not limited to this. As this metal 1, aluminum can be used in addition to magnesium. In addition, it is considered that lithium, calcium, zinc, iron, cobalt, cadmium, lead and the like can also be used. The metal 1 can be used even if it is a metal powder or a metal alloy. In this case, the size of the metal 1 is 3.5 cm × 3.5 cm × 0.4 mm thick, and the weight is 0.81 g.

  A separator 2 is disposed under the metal 1 and is formed of a synthetic resin or the like so that it can pass cations. The size of the separator 2 is 4 cm × 4.5 cm × 0.1 mm thick, and the weight is 0.025 g. It is also possible to carry out without providing this separator 2.

  Reference numeral 3 denotes a breathable conductive member serving as a positive electrode disposed under the separator 2. In this case, a carbon sheet is used, the size is 4 cm × 3.5 cm × 0.3 mm, and the weight is 0.12 g. It is. An acidic electrolyte 4 is applied to the surface side (upper side surface) of the conductive member 3 facing the separator 2. The acidic electrolyte 4 is a gelled acidic electrolytic solution, but is not limited thereto. For example, an acidic electrolytic solution combined with a liquid and a catalyst, or an acidic electrolytic solution combined with a gel and a catalyst may be used. it can.

  An anode catalyst 5 is disposed on the surface side (lower side surface) of the conductive member 3 not facing the separator 2, and a current collector 6 is attached to the anode catalyst 5. In this case, the anode catalyst 5 is a paste formed by mixing carbon powder and a catalyst. The anode catalyst 5 is attached to the lower surface of the conductive member 3 and the current collector 6 is attached. it can. Alternatively, the anode catalyst 5 may be applied to the current collector 6 and pressed in advance, and the current collector 6 may be disposed on the lower surface side of the conductive member. As the current collector 6, for example, a thin plate formed of carbon can be used, and the size thereof is 0.5 cm × 6.5 cm × 0.1 cm, and the weight is 0.36 g. Note that the current collector 6 may not be provided when wiring to the conductive member 3.

In this manner, the polymer 1 is formed by superimposing the metal 1 serving as the negative electrode, the separator 2 and the conductive member 3 serving as the positive electrode, and the acidic electrolyte 4 is formed on the surface of the conductive member 3 facing the separator 2. The anode catalyst 5 is attached to the surface side not facing the separator 2, and the current collector 6 is attached to the anode catalyst 5, whereby a small and light primary battery can be formed.
In this case, perchloric acid (HClO ₄ ) is used as the acidic electrolyte 4, but is not limited thereto.

  In the battery having the above-described configuration, magnesium ions are eluted from the metal 1 of the negative electrode and hydrogen is generated in association with the battery chemical reaction, and electrons are transferred from the metal 1 to the positive electrode conductive member via a lead wire (not shown). The oxygen in the air supplied to the conductive member 3 is reduced and water is generated.

By this battery chemical reaction, perchloric acid in the acidic electrolyte 4 is ionized into H ⁺ and [ClO ₄ ] ^−, and [ClO ₄ ] ⁻ is combined with Mg ²⁺ generated from the metal 1 to form a complex salt Mg (ClO ₄ ). ₂ When this complex salt adheres to the surface of the metal 1, polarization occurs and inhibits electromotive force. However, since the complex salt is easily dissolved by the generated water, the adhesion to the metal 1 is suppressed. For this reason, since the surface of the metal 1 is almost kept clean, a battery chemical reaction can always be obtained reliably and a reduction in electromotive force can be suppressed.

  The role of the conventional electrolyte is to reduce the internal resistance in the battery and maintain electrical neutrality in the vicinity of the electrode. In the present invention, in addition to this role, in order to add a catalytic function on the negative electrode side An acidic electrolyte is used. Moreover, by using an acidic electrolyte, safety can be enhanced as compared with an alkaline electrolyte.

  In this primary battery, the end of the lead wire (not shown) is fixed to the metal 1 of the negative electrode, and the end of the lead wire (not shown) is also attached to the protruding end of the current collector 6 to perform a battery performance test. It was. In this battery performance test, a charge / discharge tester (HJR-110mSM6) manufactured by Hokuto Denko Co., Ltd. was used, connected to the lead wire, a load of 1 mA was applied, and the voltage decreased from 2.5V to 1V. The electric capacity of was measured. Since this electric capacity is 828.8 mAh / g and the electric capacity of the conventional magnesium battery is about 170 mAh / g, it was found that it was about 4.8 times by simple calculation.

2A and 2B show a second reference embodiment of a battery using an acidic electrolyte according to the present invention, in which FIG. 2A is a schematic perspective view, and FIG. 2B is a schematic schematic cross-sectional view. Here, the same components as those in the first reference embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those described above, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

In the second reference embodiment, the polymer 1 is formed by superimposing the metal 1 serving as the negative electrode, the separator 2 and the conductive member 3 serving as the positive electrode, and the conductive member 3 has a surface facing the separator 2. The acidic electrolyte 4 is attached, the polymer 7 is folded in half so that the metal 1 becomes the outer surface, and the anode catalyst 5 is disposed in the space formed on the inner surface of the conductive member 3. It is the structure which attached the collector 6 to. The first reference embodiment is a flat type battery, whereas the second reference embodiment is a bent type battery.

In the second reference embodiment, when the polymer 7 is folded in half, the metal 1 becomes the outer surface. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the metal 1 is folded in half so that the metal 1 becomes the inner surface. It is also possible to do. In that case, although not shown, the anode catalyst 5 is attached to the outer surface of the conductive member 3, and the current collector 6 is attached to the anode catalyst 5.

FIG. 3 is a schematic schematic cross-sectional view showing a third reference embodiment of the battery using the acidic electrolyte according to the present invention. Again, the same components as those in the first reference embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those described above, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

In this third embodiment for reference, the polymer 1 is formed by superimposing the metal 1 serving as the negative electrode, the separator 2 and the conductive member 3 serving as the positive electrode on the surface of the conductive member 3 facing the separator 2. Has an acidic electrolyte 4 attached, bends the polymer 7 in a cylindrical shape with the metal 1 as an outer surface, and disposes the anode catalyst 5 in a circular space formed on the inner surface of the conductive member 3, The current collector 6 is attached to the anode catalyst 5.

  In this case, when the polymer 7 is bent into a cylindrical shape, the metal 1 becomes the outer surface, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the bending is performed in a cylindrical shape so that the metal 1 becomes the inner surface. It is also possible. At that time, although not shown, the anode catalyst 5 is attached to the outer surface of the conductive member 3, and the current collector 6 is attached to the anode catalyst 5.

Further, in the third embodiment for reference, it is a case of bending into a cylindrical shape, but it is not limited to this, and it can also be formed into a rectangular tube shape, for example, a triangular shape, a rectangular shape or other rectangular shapes. Can be. Furthermore, in the case of a cylindrical shape, it is not limited to a circular shape and may be an elliptical shape.

FIG. 4 is a schematic exploded sectional view showing a fourth reference embodiment of the battery using the acidic electrolyte according to the present invention. Also in this case, the same components as those in the first reference embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those described above, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

In the fourth reference embodiment, the basic configuration is the same as that of the first reference embodiment. The polymer 7 is formed by superimposing the metal 1 serving as the negative electrode, the separator 2, and the conductive member 3 serving as the positive electrode. The acidic electrolyte 4 is attached to the surface of the conductive member 3 that faces the separator 2, and the anode catalyst 5 is attached to the surface that does not face the separator 2, and the current collector 6 is attached to the anode catalyst 5. The secondary battery is characterized in that a water absorbing / moisturizing member 8 is disposed between the metal 1 and the separator 2. The water absorption / moisture retention member 8 has a function of absorbing liquid and maintaining the wet state. In this case, a glass fiber sheet is used, but the present invention is not limited to this. Resin etc. can be used. In the primary batteries of Reference Embodiments 1 to 3, the water absorption / humidity retention member 8 may be disposed between the metal 1 and the separator 2. By disposing the water absorbing / moisturizing member 8, the acidic electrolyte 4 can be reliably and evenly brought into contact with the metal 1, and a stable electromotive force can be obtained.

  With the battery chemical reaction, the metal 1 of the negative electrode gradually melts and decreases. When the metal 1 is melted, the battery chemical reaction stops and the primary battery can no longer be used. However, in the fourth embodiment, when the metal 1 of the negative electrode is melted, it can be continuously used by replacing it with a new metal. That is, it can be used as a secondary battery, and it is not necessary to charge the battery by connecting it to an external power source unlike a conventional secondary battery.

FIG. 5 is a schematic schematic cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a battery using an acidic electrolyte according to the present invention. Also in this case, the same components as those in the first reference embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those described above, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

In this first embodiment, the basic configuration is the same as that of the first reference embodiment, and the polymer 1 is formed by superimposing the metal 1 serving as the negative electrode, the separator 2, and the conductive member 3 serving as the positive electrode. The acidic electrolyte 4 is attached to the surface of the conductive member 3 facing the separator 2, the anode catalyst 5 is attached to the surface of the conductive member 3 not facing the separator 2, and the current collector 6 is attached to the anode catalyst 5. The water absorbing / moisturizing member 8 is disposed between the metal 1 and the separator 2, and the metal 1 is attached to the water absorbing / moisturizing member 8.

  In this way, when the metal 1 is attached to the water absorbing / moisturizing member 8, when the metal 1 of the negative electrode is melted, the metal 1 is peeled off together with the water absorbing / humidifying member 8 as shown in FIG. Can be replaced. Since the water absorbing / moisturizing member 8 and the separator 2 thereunder are not bonded, the work of peeling off the water absorbing / humidifying member 8 can be easily performed. Thereby, the melted metal 1 residue is completely removed without remaining, so that the polymer 7 is left in a clean state. For this reason, the operation | work which replaces the metal 1 with a new water absorption and moisture retention member becomes very easy. At this time, a new glass fiber sheet may be omitted and only a new metal may be replaced.

FIG. 6 is a schematic side view showing a second embodiment of a battery using an acidic electrolyte according to the present invention. This is a configuration in which the planar battery (FIG. 1) and the folded battery (FIG. 2) are sandwiched and protected by an electrically insulating protective member 9. Thereby, while being able to protect the polymer 7 from damage, the intensity | strength of the polymer 7 can be improved. As the protection member 9, for example, a synthetic resin plate such as acrylic can be used, and the upper and lower protection members 9 are fixed with appropriate fasteners 10 such as bolts and nuts. In addition, the protection means of the polymer 7 is not limited to this.

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view showing a third embodiment of the battery using the acidic electrolyte according to the present invention. This is one in which the planar battery (FIG. 1) and the folded battery (FIG. 2) are housed in an electrically insulating container 11. Thereby, while being able to protect the polymer 7 from damage, the intensity | strength of the polymer 7 can be improved. The container 11 can be formed of, for example, a synthetic resin such as acrylic, and is provided with an air introduction hole 11 a and an extraction hole 11 b of the current collector 6. The air introduction hole 11a is not limited to the illustrated window hole, and may have any form that can sufficiently supply air to the battery. For example, the air introduction hole 11a may be composed of a plurality of small holes.

  In the case of the cylindrical battery (FIG. 3), although not shown, an electrically insulating cylindrical container may be used to store the polymer in the cylindrical container. In the case of a rectangular tube shape, a container corresponding to this rectangular tube shape is used.

  The battery using the acidic electrolyte according to the present invention can be used as a battery for various devices such as notebook computers, mobile phones, watches, electric appliances, electric tools, etc. Applications in a wide range such as power supplies and medical equipment can be expected.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The 1st embodiment for reference of the battery using the acidic electrolyte which concerns on this invention is shown, (a) is a schematic perspective view, (b) is a schematic exploded sectional view. The 2nd embodiment for reference of the battery using the acidic electrolyte which concerns on this invention is shown, (a) is a schematic perspective view, (b) is typical schematic sectional drawing. It is a typical schematic sectional drawing which shows 3rd embodiment for reference of the battery using the acidic electrolyte which concerns on this invention. It is a general | schematic exploded sectional view which shows 4th embodiment for reference of the battery using the acidic electrolyte which concerns on this invention. It is a typical schematic sectional view showing a 1st embodiment of a battery using an acidic electrolyte concerning the present invention. It is a schematic side view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the battery using the acidic electrolyte which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic perspective view which shows 3rd Embodiment of the battery using the acidic electrolyte which concerns on this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Metal 2 Separator 3 Conductive member 4 Acid electrolyte 5 Anode catalyst 6 Current collector 7 Polymer 8 Water absorption / humidity retention member 9 Protection member 10 Fastening tool 11 Container 11a Air introduction hole 11b Extraction hole

Claims (3)

At least a metal serving as a negative electrode and a conductive member serving as a positive electrode are overlapped with a separator disposed between the metal and the conductive member, and a water absorbing / moisturizing member disposed between the metal and the separator. A battery using an acidic electrolyte formed by forming an union and having an acidic electrolyte attached to a side of the conductive member facing the metal and a side not facing the metal ;
A battery using an acidic electrolyte , wherein the metal is attached to the water absorption / humidity retention member and the metal is exchanged together with the water absorption / humidity retention member . Battery using an acidic electrolyte according to claim 1 Symbol mounting, characterized in that protected the polymer with a protective member of electrical insulation. The polymer was housed in an electrically insulating vessel with claim 1 or claim 2 Symbol placement of acidic electrolyte is characterized by providing an air introduction hole in the container cell.

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