JP5385446B2 - Feed to save protein in fish - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is directed to animal feed fish and is directed to a feed intended to save fish protein.

Many fish currently cultivated are food-based. Generally, animal food fish have poor digestibility of carbohydrates and are more likely to obtain energy from amino acids than sugar [Moon, TW (2001) Glucose in teleost fish: fact or fiction Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 129B, 243-249. Hemre, G.-I., Mommsen, T.P., Krogdahl, A. (2002) Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: effects on growth, glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes Aquacult. Nutr., 8, 175-194. Krogdahl, A., Hemre, GI, Mommsen, T.P. (2005) Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: digestion and absorption in postlarval stages. Aquacult. Nutr. , 11, 103-122.].
For this reason, animal food fish require more protein than terrestrial organisms.

However, in the aquaculture industry, feeds with high protein content are expensive, and the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the excrement increases and the aquatic environment tends to deteriorate, so lipids can be used as an energy source instead of protein. A lot of added feed is used.
Farmed fish using such feeds have increased muscle lipid content compared to natural fish, which not only impairs flavor but also accelerates quality degradation during storage, thus increasing market value. Not only does it tend to be avoided by consumers as health consciousness increases.
In order to reduce the lipid content in muscles, a method for promoting lipid catabolism using forced exercise equipment has been devised, but it has not been put into practical use because it requires enormous costs.

Furthermore, drugs that suppress various problems that occur in fish culture are known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a cultured puffer fish stress suppressant using γ-oryzanol in order to prevent biting and cannibalism due to the stress of cultured pufferfish.
Patent Document 2 proposes a body color improving agent for cultured fish such as red sea bream which contains ferulic acid and γ-oryzanol contained in rice bran as active ingredients.
However, there is no known drug for ameliorating the above problems caused by animal food fish mainly obtaining energy from proteins.

JP 2007-68527 A JP 2005-176799 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a feed intended to save fish protein that enables fish to efficiently produce energy from sugars and lipids and reduce dependence on amino acids as an energy source. It is in.

The feed for the purpose of protein saving of fish according to the present invention contains 10% fish oil and corn oil, respectively, and contains as an active ingredient a compound represented by the chemical structural formula shown below or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. Protein saving agents are added that promote lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and reduce dependence on amino acids. In this chemical structural formula, R ₁ represents a hydroxy group, R ₂ represents a hydroxy group, a methoxy group or an alkoxy group, and R ₃ represents a triterpene skeleton such as sterol.

This compound has a basic structure in which a triterpene alcohol is ester-bonded to a propionic acid derivative having a phenyl group.
As typical compounds represented by Chemical Formula ₁ , γ-oryzanol in which R ₁ is a hydroxy group, R ₂ is a methoxy group, R ₃ is a triterpene, R ₁ is a hydroxy group, R ₂ is a hydroxy group, R ₃ is There is a triterpene dihydroxycinnamic acid triterpene alcohol ester.

The fish to be administered with the feed of the present invention are salmonid fish (Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), King salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), silver salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutsh), brown trout (Salmo trutta), salmon trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ), Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis), etc., perch fish (Pagrus major), perch (Lateolabrax japonicus), flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), etc.
In addition, for example, if the feed of the present invention is a salmonid fish, 2 mg to 10 mg of the protein saving agent is added to 1000 g of the feed so that the dosage of the protein saving agent is 1 kg of body weight and 8 μg to 40 μg per day. Good.

According to the present invention, fish can efficiently produce energy from sugars and lipids, and since the dependence on amino acids as an energy source is reduced, the cost of feed can be kept low, Water pollution due to phosphorus and nitrogen in excreta can be suppressed.
In addition, even when a high lipid content feed containing 10% fish oil and corn oil is administered, the lipid content in the muscle decreases, and the protein whose unit weight is larger than that of the lipid increases without being consumed. Therefore, not only the yield is improved, but the flavor is not impaired, and quality deterioration due to lipid oxidation during storage can be improved.

The figure which shows the average body weight of each group. The figure which shows the weight change of each group. The figure which shows the lipid content in the muscle of each group. The figure which shows the protein content in the muscle of each group. The figure which shows the blood glucose level of each group in 1 month after a test start. The figure which shows the blood glucose level of each group in 2 months after a test start.

A fish-containing feed containing 10% fish oil and corn oil and supplemented with γ-oryzanol as a protein-saving agent was used to test protein-saving effects in rainbow trout.
For feeding to rainbow trout, feed 1 (control), feed 2 (γ-oryzanol content 2 mg / kg) and feed 3 (γ-oryzanol content 10 mg / kg) were prepared. The component composition in 1 kg of feeds 1 to 3 is shown in Table 1.

First, 15 rainbow trouts were randomly housed in 6 aquariums so that the weight was the same for each aquarium, and feed was fed to all groups for 2 weeks, and then the test was started.
The body weight of the rainbow trout at the start of the test, the lipid content in the muscle, and the protein content in the muscle were measured, and the average value was determined.
The average weight of rainbow trout at the start of the test was 127 g.

In addition, rainbow trout abdominal muscles were used for measurement of lipid content and protein content.
The collected abdominal muscles of rainbow trout were homogenized (12,000 rpm, 5 minutes) with a homogenizer (manufactured by NISEI Co., Ltd.), then lipids were extracted by the Bligh & Dyer method, and the resulting lipid extract was lipid-containing by the mass method As a result of calculating the amount, the average value was 3.0%.
Further, the protein content of the collected rainbow trout abdominal muscles was measured by the Kjeldahl method. As a result, the average value was 17.2%.

In the test, feed 1, feed 2, and feed 3 were fed to two water tanks, respectively, and reared.
The breeding period after feeding different feeds was one month of the two tanks fed the same feed, and the other was two months, and during that time, each feed was fed in the morning and evening every day.
As a result, the body weight of 1 kg relative to rainbow trout and the daily dose of γ-oryzanol was 8 μg in the group fed with feed 2 and 40 μg in the group fed with feed 3.

The body weights of 5 rainbow trouts that were bred for 1 month were measured, and the average values are shown in FIG. Moreover, the weight change from the start of the test is shown in FIG.
As is clear from FIGS. 1 and 2, the body weight was significantly increased in the group administered with feed 2 and feed 3 as compared to the group administered with feed 1.
In addition, the lipid content of the abdominal muscles of 5 rainbow trout bred for 1 month was measured in the same manner as at the start of the test.
In FIG. 3, the average value of the lipid content in muscle of each group is shown. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the muscle lipid content was significantly lower in the group fed with feed 2 and feed 3 than in the group fed with feed 1.
Further, the protein content of the abdominal muscles of 5 rainbow trouts subjected to the test test for one month was measured in the same manner as at the start of the test, and the average value was obtained (FIG. 4).
From FIG. 4, it can be seen that the group to which feed 2 and feed 3 were administered had significantly higher protein content in muscle than the group to which feed 1 was administered.

Blood was collected from each group of rainbow trout that had been bred for 1 month, and the blood glucose concentration was measured with ARKRAY Spotchem EZ SP-4430. The average value is obtained and shown in FIG.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, in one month after the start of the test, the blood glucose concentration of the group to which feed 2 and feed 3 were administered was lower than that of the group to which feed 1 was given, and feed 3 was fed. The group that did it was the lowest.

In addition, the blood glucose concentration of rainbow trout that had been bred for 2 months was measured in the same manner, and the average value was obtained (FIG. 6).
Two months after the start of the test, the blood glucose concentration of the group to which feed 2 was administered was the lowest. Even in the group fed with feed 3, the blood glucose concentration decreased, but the effect was smaller than that of feed 2. From this, 40 μg / kg / day is considered to be almost the upper limit as the dose of the protein-saving agent of the present invention.

From the above test results, administration of γ-oryzanol promotes efficient metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates contained in the feed, and the carbohydrates in the feed are effectively taken up by somatic cells to produce energy. As a result, energy production from fatty acids was promoted, resulting in an increase in protein content in muscle.
In addition, it was found that accumulation of proteins with a large specific gravity in muscles increases the weight and the conversion efficiency of feed into fish.

Claims (3)

Each contains 10% fish oil and corn oil, and is represented by the following chemical structural formula (wherein R ₁ represents a hydroxy group, R ₂ represents a hydroxy group, a methoxy group or an alkoxy group, and R ₃ represents a triterpene. A protein saving agent that promotes the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates as an energy source and reduces dependence on amino acids, comprising the compound represented by Feed for the purpose of protein saving in fish.

  The feed for protein saving of fish according to claim 1, wherein 2 to 10 mg of the protein saving agent is added to 1000 g of feed.   The feed for protein saving of fish according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fish is a salmonid fish.

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