JP5384275B2 - Dental implant - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a dental implant comprising a dental implant fixture, an abutment engaged with the dental implant fixture, and an abutment fixing member for fixing the abutment to the dental implant fixture. .

  In dental treatment, a dental implant fixture that serves as a maintenance and stabilization device for a dental prosthesis is embedded in the insertion hole formed in the jawbone of the missing tooth, and the function of the root in the natural tooth is substituted, A dental prosthesis maintenance device by fixing a dental prosthesis fixing device as a second upper structural member to an abutment as a first upper structural member directly fixed inside the oral cavity of the dental implant fixture Thus, a dental implant technology for fixing a dental prosthesis to the dental prosthesis fixing device has been developed.

  The treatment method using this dental implant is based on a gingival flap that has been incised after the inside of the oral cavity of the dental implant fixture embedded in the insertion hole formed in the jawbone of the missing tooth is covered with a cover screw. A certain healing period is set back, during which a so-called “bone bond” in which the dental implant fixture and the surrounding bone are bonded is performed, so that the dental implant fixture is sufficiently bonded to the jaw bone of the missing tooth. When the surgical part due to the formation of the embedding hole is healed, the gingival part inside the oral cavity in which the dental implant fixture is embedded is cut again, the cover screw is removed, and the oral cavity inside the dental implant fixture A healing abutment is attached to the portion, and a gingival portion is provided with a mounting portion for a dental prosthesis fixing device. The securing holes for securing the abutment is a top structural member, a method referred to as two methods for fixing the abutment waiting for soft tissue healing has been mainly employed.

  And in recent years, after implanting the dental implant fixture in the embedding hole formed in the jawbone of the missing tooth, immediately attached a healing abutment or abutment to the oral cavity inner portion of the dental implant fixture, A method called a one-time method without undergoing a second cover screw exposure operation has also been adopted. This one-time method tends to be used in many cases because it reduces the burden on the patient and the surgeon. However, if bone augmentation is required, such as when the bone height or thickness is insufficient, infection There is a high risk problem.

  In any method (especially in the two-time method), the method of attaching the abutment to the dental implant fixture is to penetrate the abutment and screw the male screw into the female screw provided in the dental implant fixture. The fixing method is widely performed (for example, refer to Patent Document 1). However, the method of fixing the abutment to the dental implant fixture with a screw requires a through hole for the fixing screw in the abutment, and in particular, a custom-made abutment as produced by a CAD / CAM system. In this case, there is a problem that the design of the custom-made abutment is limited due to the through hole of the screw. In particular, when the outer shape of the fixing device for the dental prosthesis, which is the second upper structural member fixed to the abutment, is small, it is necessary to make the outer shape of the attachment portion of the fixing device for the dental prosthesis of the abutment smaller. However, if an attempt is made to secure a through hole for a fixing screw, there may be a case where an attachment portion of a fixing device for a dental prosthesis of an abutment can hardly be provided. In addition, even when the attachment part of the fixing device for the dental prosthesis of the abutment is somehow secured, the thickness of the dental prosthesis is often not sufficient, and as a result, sufficient for the dental prosthesis. There was a problem that strength and color tone could not be imparted.

  An integrated dental appliance in which a dental implant fixture and an abutment are integrally manufactured in advance has also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2). However, even in the integrated dental appliance having such a structure, a portion corresponding to the abutment is relatively engaged with a tool for being inserted into an insertion hole formed in a jawbone of a missing tooth portion. Since a large engagement hole must be provided, the outer shape of the attachment portion of the dental prosthesis fixing device cannot be reduced, and the shape of the attachment portion of the dental prosthesis fixation device can be secured somehow. In many cases, the thickness of the dental prosthesis cannot be sufficiently obtained, and there is a problem that sufficient strength and color tone cannot be imparted to the dental prosthesis, and the dental prosthesis is fixed to the integrated dental appliance. The dental prosthesis is damaged or the dental prosthesis is fixed when the dental treatment is performed by fixing the dental prosthesis to the dental prosthesis maintenance apparatus by fixing the apparatus. Device mounting When the damage accident, such as breakage occurs integral dental appliance itself there was a serious problem that is impossible to use will have to be redone implant treatment from the beginning.

JP 2004-113718 A JP 2005-329244 A

  The present invention can not only provide the abutment dental prosthesis fixing device mounting portion with a thin outline but also give freedom to the design of the dental prosthesis fixing device. Dental implant that can replace only the abutment while leaving the dental implant fixture fixed in the insertion hole of the jawbone even if a damage accident such as breakage occurs in the fixing part of the fixing device It is an issue to provide.

  As a result of diligent research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have determined that a dental implant has a central hole in which a female screw portion having an inner diameter larger than the engagement hole is provided inside the oral cavity of the engagement hole. Of the female implant portion of the dental implant fixture, followed by an engaging portion provided at the lower end thereof so as to be inserted into and engaged with the engaging hole of the dental implant fixture so as not to rotate. The inner end of the oral cavity is the center of the dental implant fixture in a state where the engaging portion is inserted and engaged with the engaging hole of the dental implant fixture with an outer diameter that is sufficiently smaller than the inner diameter and larger than the engaging portion. A cylindrical portion located on the engagement hole side from the inner end of the oral cavity of the hole is provided, and the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion is smaller than the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion following the cylindrical portion. The abutment has a structure in which a column portion is provided that projects into the oral cavity of the dental prosthesis and serves as a mounting portion of the dental prosthesis fixing device, and the lower end of the abutment is engaged with the engagement hole of the dental implant fixture With the part inserted and engaged, the through hole is fitted into the column part of the abutment and moved from the column part side, and the engaging convex part is engaged with the rotary tool engaging groove formed in the upper surface of the abutment. When the outer male screw portion is screwed into the female screw portion of the dental implant fixture by being rotated by the rotating tool, the abutment is formed on the inner surface of the through hole or on the ceiling surface of the recessed portion opened below the through hole. Is formed from an abutment fixing member whose upper surface is flush with the upper surface of the oral cavity of the dental implant fixture. Since there is an engagement hole that engages the implantation tool for embedding in the embedding hole of the jawbone on the opposite side of the central hole from the oral cavity, there is no hindrance to the embedding work, and the abutment The engaging portion provided at the lower end on the opposite side to the inner side is inserted and engaged so as not to rotate into the engaging hole on the opposite side to the inner side of the oral cavity of the central hole of the dental implant fixture and penetrates the abutment fixing member. A device for fixing a dental prosthesis, which is pressed and firmly held inside the oral cavity of the dental implant fixture by the inner surface of the hole or the ceiling surface of the recessed portion opened below the hole, and protrudes from the oral cavity of the dental implant fixture Since the column part which is the mounting part of the dental prosthesis can be made thin, it is possible not only to give freedom to the design of the dental prosthesis fixing device, but also to damage the dental prosthesis or Even if an accident such as a breakage occurs in the attachment part of the fixing device for the dental prosthesis, the dental implant fixture that has been fixed in the jaw hole is left as it is, and only the abutment is removed and replaced. The present invention was completed by investigating that it is possible to do this.

  That is, the present invention provides a dental implant fixture having a central hole in which an internal thread portion having an inner diameter larger than the engagement hole is provided inside the oral cavity of the engagement hole, and the dental implant fixture at the lower end thereof. The dental portion having an outer diameter sufficiently smaller than the inner diameter of the female screw portion of the dental implant fixture and larger than the inner diameter of the female screw portion of the dental implant fixture following the engaging portion provided so as to be inserted and engaged with the engaging hole so as not to rotate. A cylindrical shape in which the inner end portion of the oral cavity is positioned closer to the engaging hole side than the inner inner end portion of the central hole of the dental implant fixture in a state where the engaging portion is inserted into and engaged with the engaging hole of the dental implant fixture And a mounting portion of the dental prosthesis fixing device that protrudes into the oral cavity of the dental implant fixture and has an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion following the cylindrical portion. The abutment having a structure provided with a column portion, and the column of the abutment is penetrated with the engagement portion of the lower end of the abutment inserted and engaged in the engagement hole of the dental implant fixture The female screw of the dental implant fixture is rotated by a rotary tool in which the engaging convex portion is engaged with the rotary tool engaging groove that is externally fitted and moved from the column side and is recessed on the upper surface of the hole. When the outer male screw portion is screwed to the inner portion, the abutment is pressed from the inside of the oral cavity with the inner surface of the through hole or the ceiling surface of the recessed portion opened below the through hole, and the upper surface of the dental implant fixture A dental implant comprising an abutment fixing member that is flush with the upper surface of the oral cavity.

  And in such a dental implant, the column part of the abutment is provided in a state of forming a step part inside the oral cavity of the cylindrical part, and the ceiling of the recessed part opened below the through hole of the abutment fixing member The abutment pillars are tapered from the inside of the oral cavity to the inside of the oral cavity, and the inside of the oral cavity of the through hole of the abutment fixing member is a tapered cone. It is preferable that an anti-rotation system coupling portion that engages the fixing device for the dental prosthesis so as not to rotate is provided in the column portion of the abutment.

  The dental implant according to the present invention includes a dental implant fixture having a central hole in which an internal thread portion having an inner diameter larger than the engagement hole is provided inside the oral cavity of the engagement hole, and the dental implant at a lower end thereof. Following the engaging portion provided so as to be inserted and engaged with the engaging hole of the implant fixture so as not to rotate, the outside is sufficiently smaller than the inner diameter of the female screw portion of the dental implant fixture and larger than the engaging portion. In the state where the engagement portion is inserted and engaged with the engagement hole of the dental implant fixture in diameter, the inner end portion of the oral cavity is closer to the engagement hole side than the inner end portion of the oral cavity of the central hole of the dental implant fixture. A cylindrical portion is provided, and the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion is smaller than the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion, and protrudes into the oral cavity of the dental implant fixture. An abutment having a structure in which a pillar portion is provided as a mounting portion of the fixing device, and the abutment in a state where the engaging portion at the lower end of the abutment is inserted and engaged with the engaging hole of the dental implant fixture A through-hole is externally fitted to the column part of the mentment and moved from the column part side, and is rotated by a rotary tool in which an engaging convex part is engaged with a rotary tool engaging groove recessed on the upper surface thereof. When the male screw portion on the outer periphery is screwed into the female screw portion of the implant fixture, the abutment is pressed from the inside of the oral cavity with the inner side surface of the through hole or the ceiling surface of the recessed portion opened below the through hole, and the upper surface is Since it is composed of an abutment fixing member that is flush with the upper surface of the oral cavity of the dental implant fixture, the dental implant fixture is embedded in the jaw hole in the central hole. Since there is an engagement hole that engages with the implantation tool for the insertion, there is no hindrance to the implantation work, and the abutment has an engagement portion provided at the lower end opposite to the inner side of the oral cavity. The oral cavity of the dental implant fixture is inserted and engaged in an engagement hole following the female screw portion inside the oral cavity of the fixture, and on the inner surface of the through hole of the abutment fixing member or the ceiling surface of the recessed portion opened below the through hole. Not only is it firmly held inside, but the column part that protrudes from the inside of the oral cavity of the dental implant fixture and becomes the mounting part of the dental prosthesis fixing device can be made thin, so the dental prosthesis fixing device It is possible to give freedom in design, and damage to the dental prosthesis or damage to the abutment column, which is the mounting part of the dental prosthesis fixing device, may occur. It is also possible to remove and replace the abutment after removing the abutment fixing member from the dental implant fixture while leaving the dental implant fixture fixed in the jaw hole. is there.

It is the side view which showed the left half of one Example of the dental implant fixture which is 1 component of the dental implant which concerns on this invention in the cross section. It is a side view of one Example of the abutment which is one component of the dental implant which concerns on this invention. It is the side view which showed the left half of one Example of the abutment fixing member which is one component of the dental implant which concerns on this invention in the cross section. It is a top view of the abutment fixing member shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing for description which shows the assembly state of the dental implant which concerns on this invention using each component shown in FIGS. It is the side view which showed the left half of the other Example of the dental implant fixture which is 1 component of the dental implant which concerns on this invention in the cross section. It is a side view of the other Example of the abutment which is 1 component of the dental implant which concerns on this invention. It is the side view which showed the left half of the other Example of the abutment fixing member which is 1 component of the dental implant which concerns on this invention in the cross section. It is a top view of the abutment fixing member shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing for description which shows the assembly state of the dental implant which concerns on this invention using each component shown in FIGS. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state by which the attachment part of the fixing device of a dental prosthesis is attached to the abutment of the dental implant which concerns on this invention by which the dental implant fixture was embedded in the jawbone.

  In the drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes a dental implant fixture which is one component of a dental implant according to the present invention, and an internal thread portion 1a having an inner diameter larger than that of the engagement hole 1b is provided inside the engagement hole 1b. It has a central hole 1c. The engagement hole 1b engages with a distal end portion of an embedding tool (not shown) for embedding the dental implant fixture 1 in an embedding hole formed in the jawbone, and an abutment 2 described later. The engaging portion 2a provided at the lower end is inserted and engaged so as not to rotate. The dental implant fixture 1 may be a drive-in type as in the illustrated embodiment or a self-tap type (not shown).

  Reference numeral 2 denotes an abutment which is one component part of the dental implant according to the present invention, and is provided at the lower end thereof so as to be inserted and engaged with the engagement hole 1b of the dental implant fixture 1 so as not to rotate. Following the joint portion 2a, the engaging portion 2a is inserted into the engaging hole 1b of the dental implant fixture 1 with an outer diameter sufficiently smaller than the inner diameter of the female screw portion 1a of the dental implant fixture 1 and larger than the engaging portion 2a. In the engaged state, a cylindrical portion 2b is provided whose inner end portion of the oral cavity is located closer to the engaging hole 1b than the inner end portion of the central hole 1c of the dental implant fixture 1, and the cylindrical portion 2b is provided with this cylindrical portion 2b. Subsequently, a column portion 2c that is smaller in outer diameter than the cylindrical portion 2b and protrudes to the inside of the oral cavity of the dental implant fixture 1 and serves as an attachment portion of the fixing device for the dental prosthesis 4 is provided. As this abutment 2, the column part 2c forms a step part inside the oral cavity of the cylindrical part 2b as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, or the cylindrical part 2b as shown in FIGS. There is an aspect in which a tapered truncated cone shape is provided from the inside of the mouth to the inside of the mouth. The column portion 2c of the abutment 2 is provided with an anti-rotation engaging portion 2ca such as a flat portion as in the illustrated embodiment in order to engage the dental prosthesis fixing device 4 so as not to rotate. However, it may be a simple columnar shape and provided with an anti-rotation engagement portion 2ca when actually used.

  Reference numeral 3 denotes an abutment fixing member which is one component of the dental implant according to the present invention, and the engaging portion 2a at the lower end of the abutment 2 is inserted and engaged in the engaging hole 1b of the dental implant fixture 1. In this state, the through hole 3b is fitted over the column 2c of the abutment 2 and moved from the column 2c side, and the engaging projection is engaged with the rotary tool engaging groove 3c formed in the upper surface of the abutment 2c. When the male screw portion 3a on the outer periphery is screwed into the female screw portion 1a of the dental implant fixture 1 by being rotated by a rotary tool, the inner surface of the through hole 3b or the ceiling surface 3ba of the recessed portion opened below the inner hole is formed. The abutment 2 is pressed from the inside of the oral cavity, and its upper surface 3d is formed in a size and shape that is flush with the upper surface of the dental implant fixture 1 inside the oral cavity. As the abutment fixing member 3, in the case where the column portion 2c of the abutment 2 is provided in a state where a step portion is formed inside the oral cavity of the cylindrical portion 2b as shown in FIGS. In this embodiment, the column portion 2c of the abutment 2 tapers from the inside of the oral cavity of the cylindrical portion 2b to the inside of the oral cavity as shown in FIGS. In the case of the aspect provided in the shape of a truncated cone, there is an aspect in which the tapered conical side surface inside the oral cavity of the through hole 3b is pressed.

  4 is a fixing device for a dental prosthesis which is bonded and fixed to the column part 2c of the abutment 2 of the dental implant according to the present invention. Ceramics in which holes corresponding to the column part 2c of the abutment 2 are provided in advance. It is produced by cutting out from a cutting block made of metal or an alloy by an automatic cutting process of a CAD / CAM system. A coping (not shown) is usually bonded and fixed to the outer surface of the dental prosthesis fixing device 4 with a dental adhesive such as cement. Since the thickness of the column part 2c of the abutment 2 of the dental implant according to the present invention can be made sufficiently thinner than the mounting portion of the fixing device for the dental prosthesis of the conventional abutment, the dental prosthesis fixing device 4 The coping can be made thicker and the thickness of the coping can be increased, and color matching of the dental prosthesis can be facilitated.

  To perform dental implant treatment using the dental implant according to the present invention comprising the dental implant fixture 1, the abutment 2, and the abutment fixing member 3 as described above, first, the jaw bone is drilled. The dental implant fixture 1 is buried in the buried hole. This embedding operation is performed by engaging the tip of an embedding tool (not shown) in the engagement hole 1b provided following the female screw 1a provided in the oral cavity of the dental implant fixture 1. When the dental implant fixture 1 is driven as in the illustrated embodiment, the dental implant fixture 1 is illustrated by striking the opposite side of the dental implant fixture 1 of the implantation tool. However, in the case of the self-tap type, it may be performed by rotating the embedding tool.

  Then, the dental implant fixture 1 and its surrounding bone were joined so-called “bone joint”, and the dental implant fixture 1 was sufficiently joined to the jawbone of the missing tooth and formed an embedding hole. When the surgical part is healed, the engagement portion 2a provided at the lower end of the abutment 2 is not rotated in the engagement hole 1b provided on the opposite side to the inner side of the oral cavity of the central hole 1c of the dental implant fixture 1 Is inserted and engaged. In this state, the column portion 2c of the abutment 2 which is the attachment portion of the dental prosthesis fixing device 4 protrudes from the central hole 1c of the dental implant fixture 1 into the oral cavity.

  Therefore, the abutment fixing member 3 is moved from the column part 2c side by fitting the through hole 3b to the column part 2c of the abutment 2, and is engaged with the rotating tool engagement groove 3c provided on the upper surface thereof. When the male screw portion 3a on the outer periphery is screwed into the female screw portion 1a of the dental implant fixture 1 by being rotated by a rotating tool engaged with each other, the inner surface of the through hole 3b (the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 to 10) Alternatively, the abutment 2 is pressed from the inside of the oral cavity by the ceiling surface 3ba (the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5) of the recessed portion opened below, and the upper surface 3d thereof is flush with the upper surface of the dental implant fixture 1 inside the oral cavity. Thus, the assembly of the dental implant according to the present invention is completed.

Thereafter, a hole corresponding to the column portion 2c of the abutment 2 of the dental prosthesis fixing device 4 produced by cutting out the cutting block made of ceramic or alloy by the automatic cutting process of the CAD / CAM system is formed. The position of the anti-rotation engagement portion 2ca is aligned and fixed to the column portion 2c of the abutment 2 with a dental adhesive such as cement. At this time, the opposite side of the oral cavity of the dental prosthesis fixing device 4 is in contact with the upper surface 3d of the abutment fixing member 3.
Thus, when the dental prosthesis fixing device 4 is bonded and fixed to the column portion 2c of the dental implant abutment 2 according to the present invention, a coping (not shown) is cemented to the outer surface of the dental prosthesis fixing device 4 or the like. What is necessary is just to adhere and fix with a dental adhesive.

  In such a process, in the dental implant according to the present invention, the column part of the abutment 2 that protrudes to the inside of the oral cavity of the dental implant fixture 1 of the abutment 2 and serves as a mounting part of the fixing device 4 for the dental prosthesis. Since the thickness of 2c can be made sufficiently thinner than the mounting portion of the conventional abutment dental prosthesis fixing device, the dental prosthesis fixing device 4 can be miniaturized. The degree of freedom in designing the fixing device 4 is increased. As a result, the thickness of the coping can be increased, and color matching of the dental prosthesis can be facilitated.

In addition, even if the dental prosthesis is damaged or a damage accident such as breakage occurs in the column part 2c of the abutment 2 which is a mounting part of the dental prosthesis fixing device, the dental prosthesis is buried in the jaw hole. It is also possible to remove and replace the abutment 2 after removing the abutment fixing member 3 from the dental implant fixture 1 with the inserted and fixed dental implant fixture 1 as it is.

1 Dental implant fixture
1a Female thread
1b engagement hole
1c Center hole 2 Abutment
2a Engagement part
2b Cylindrical part
2c Column
2ca Anti-rotation engagement part 3 Abutment fixing member
3a Male thread
3b Through hole
3ba ceiling
3c Rotary tool engagement groove
3d Top 4 Dental prosthesis fixing device

Claims (4)

  A dental implant fixture (1) having a central hole (1c) provided with a female thread portion (1a) having an inner diameter larger than that of the engagement hole (1b) inside the oral cavity of the engagement hole (1b); At the lower end of the dental implant fixture (1), an engagement portion (2a) is provided so as to be inserted and engaged with the engagement hole (1b) so as not to rotate. The dental implant fixture (1 ) Has an engagement portion (2a) in the engagement hole (1b) of the dental implant fixture (1) with an outer diameter sufficiently smaller than the inner diameter of the female screw portion (1a) and larger than the engagement portion (2a). A cylindrical part (2b) in which the inner end of the oral cavity is positioned closer to the engagement hole (1b) than the inner end of the central hole (1c) of the dental implant fixture (1) in the inserted and engaged state. The outer diameter of the dental implant fixture (1) is smaller than the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion (2b) following the cylindrical portion (2b). And an abutment (2) having a structure in which a column part (2c) serving as a mounting part of a dental prosthesis fixing device (4) is provided, and an engagement hole of the dental implant fixture (1) The through hole (3b) is externally fitted to the column (2c) of the abutment (2) with the engaging portion (2a) at the lower end of the abutment (2) inserted and engaged with (1b). A dental implant fixture that has been moved from the column part (2c) side and rotated by a rotary tool in which an engaging convex part is engaged with a rotary tool engaging groove (3c) that is recessed in the upper surface (3d) of the column part (2c). When the outer male screw portion (3a) is screwed into the female screw portion (1a) of (1), the abutment is formed on the inner surface of the through hole (3b) or the ceiling surface (3ba) of the recessed portion opened below the inner hole. Abutment fixing member (3) which presses the mentment (2) from the inside of the oral cavity and whose upper surface (3d) is flush with the upper surface of the dental implant fixture (1) A dental implant characterized by comprising:   The column part (2c) of the abutment (2) is provided in a state of forming a step part inside the oral cavity of the cylindrical part (2b), and is provided below the through hole (3b) of the abutment fixing member (3). The dental implant according to claim 1, which is pressed by the ceiling surface (3ba) of the opened recess.   The column part (2c) of the abutment (2) is provided in a tapered cone shape from the inside of the oral cavity to the inside of the oral cavity of the cylindrical part (2b), and the through hole (3b) of the abutment fixing member (3) The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the inside of the oral cavity is pressed with a tapered conical side surface.   The anti-rotation system coupling portion (2ca) for engaging the dental prosthesis fixing device (4) with the column portion (2c) of the abutment (2) so as not to rotate is provided. The dental implant according to any one of the above.

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