JP5383570B2 - Steel nut and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Steel nut and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP5383570B2 JP5383570B2 JP2010065500A JP2010065500A JP5383570B2 JP 5383570 B2 JP5383570 B2 JP 5383570B2 JP 2010065500 A JP2010065500 A JP 2010065500A JP 2010065500 A JP2010065500 A JP 2010065500A JP 5383570 B2 JP5383570 B2 JP 5383570B2
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Description
本発明は鋼製ナット及びその製造方法に関し、特に一般構造用圧延鋼を用いて安定した組織や硬さが得られるようにしたナット及び製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a steel nut and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a nut and a method for producing the same, in which a stable structure and hardness are obtained using general structural rolled steel.
部材を締結する場合、部材をボルトの頭部とナットによって挟み、ボルト・ナットを相対的に螺進させて締め付ける方式が広く採用されている。 When fastening a member, a method is widely adopted in which the member is sandwiched between a bolt head and a nut and the bolt and nut are relatively screwed and tightened.
通常、ナットには炭素鋼、ステンレス鋼、低合金鋼などの各種の材料が用いられるが、高い機械的強度を要求される用途には機械構造用炭素鋼又は機械構造用合金鋼を
調質したり冷間圧造されたブランク、あるいは冷間引抜した六角鋼材から削り出したステ
ンレス鋼製のナットを用いることが多い（特許文献１）。
Normally, various materials such as carbon steel, stainless steel, and low alloy steel are used for the nut, but for applications that require high mechanical strength, carbon steel for machine structure or alloy steel for machine structure is tempered. A cold-forged blank or a stainless steel nut cut out from a cold-drawn hexagonal steel is often used (Patent Document 1).
ところで、引張強さ４００Ｎ／ｍｍ2以上５１０Ｎ／ｍｍ2以下の一般構造用圧延鋼材（ＳＳ４００）は市場に大量に流通しており、入手が容易な点にその特徴がある。 Incidentally, the tensile strength of 400 N / mm 2 or more 510N / mm 2 or less of rolled steel for general structure (SS400) is in fluid communication in large quantities in the market, there is the characteristic feature of easy availability.
この一般構造用圧延鋼（ＳＳ４００）は焼入れしても焼入れ性が不足するため、必要な組織や硬さを安定して得ることができない。そのため、焼入れ焼戻しを行って使用される部品にはＪＩＳ Ｇ４０５１に規定される機械構造用炭素鋼が使用されており、一般構造用圧延鋼（ＳＳ４００）を焼入れ焼戻しして使用することはなかった。 Even if this general structural rolled steel (SS400) is quenched, the hardenability is insufficient, so that the required structure and hardness cannot be obtained stably. For this reason, carbon steel for machine structure defined in JIS G4051 is used for parts used after quenching and tempering, and general structural rolled steel (SS400) was not used after quenching and tempering.
本件発明者らは入手が容易な一般構造用圧延鋼（ＳＳ４００）を用いて安定した組織や硬さのナットを製造することができれば、機械的性質の安定した安価なナットを製造できることを着目するに至った。 The present inventors pay attention to the fact that if a nut having a stable structure or hardness can be manufactured using a general structural rolled steel (SS400) that is easily available, an inexpensive nut having a stable mechanical property can be manufactured. It came to.
本発明はかかる点に鑑み、一般構造用圧延鋼を用いて安定した組織や硬さが得られるようにした鋼製ナット及びその製造方法を提供することを課題とする。 This invention makes it a subject to provide the steel nut and its manufacturing method in which the stable structure | tissue and hardness were obtained using the general structural rolled steel in view of this point.
そこで、本発明に係る鋼製ナットの製造方法は、引張強さ４００Ｎ／ｍｍ2以上５１０Ｎ／ｍｍ2以下の一般構造用圧延鋼製の棒材を１２００°Ｃ以上１３００°Ｃ以下の範囲内の温度に加熱して固溶熱処理を行い、このオーステナイト状態においてナットブランクに熱間鍛造するとともに、鍛造終止時のナットブランクの表面温度を７６０°Ｃ以上９００°Ｃ以下の範囲内の温度にコントロールし、次いで、ナットブランクを５０°Ｃ以下の温度に水冷することによりＨＲＣ３２〜４４の硬さに焼入れし、その後の焼戻しを行って調質することによりＪＩＳ Ｂ１１８１附属書２に規定する強度区分５Ｔ〜１０Ｔの硬さ（最大硬さ５Ｔ、６Ｔ、８Ｔ：３０ＨＲＣ １０Ｔ：３６ＨＲＣ 最小の硬さ５Ｔ、６Ｔ、８Ｔ：規定なし １０Ｔ：１８ＨＲＣ）のナットを製造するようにしたことを特徴とする。 Therefore, a manufacturing method of a steel nut according to the present invention, tensile strength of 400 N / mm 2 or more 510N / mm 2 made following general structural rolled steel bars of the range below 1200 ° C or higher 1300 ° C A solid solution heat treatment is performed by heating to a temperature. In this austenite state, the nut blank is hot forged, and the surface temperature of the nut blank at the end of forging is controlled to a temperature in the range of 760 ° C to 900 ° C. Then, the nut blank is water-cooled to a temperature of 50 ° C. or lower, quenched to a hardness of HRC32-44, and then tempered by tempering, so that the strength classification 5T defined in JIS B1181 Annex 2 10T hardness (maximum hardness 5T, 6T, 8T: 30HRC 10T: 36HRC minimum hardness 5T, 6T, 8T: unspecified 10T: 18HRC) Characterized in that so as to produce a nut.
本発明の特徴の１つは一般構造用圧延鋼材を使用する点にある。
ＪＩＳ Ｇ３１０１では、圧延された製品サイズにより、降伏点（耐力）や引張り強さが規定されており、製鋼メーカではその規定を満足すべく化学成分をコントロールしている。その意味で一般構造用圧延鋼材も焼入れ性がコントロールされていると言える。
このため、鍛造加熱前のオーステナイト化温度、オーステナイト状態での塑性変形、塑性加工終止温度、冷却方法といった加工熱処理条件をコントロールすることにより，塑性加工を伴わない通常の焼入れでは得られない安定した焼入れ硬さを得ることができる。
One of the characteristics of the present invention is that a rolled steel for general structure is used.
In JIS G3101, the yield point (yield strength) and tensile strength are defined by the rolled product size, and the steelmaking manufacturer controls the chemical composition to satisfy the regulations. In this sense, it can be said that the hardenability of the general structural rolled steel is also controlled.
Therefore, stable quenching that cannot be obtained by ordinary quenching without plastic working by controlling the heat treatment conditions such as austenitizing temperature before forging heating, plastic deformation in the austenite state, plastic working end temperature, and cooling method. Hardness can be obtained.
第２の特徴は鍛造加熱の温度を１２００°Ｃ以上１３００°Ｃ以下とした点にある。適正な熱間加工性を確保し、結晶粒度の粗大化を防止し、オーバーヒートのない適正な金属組織を得るためである。 The second feature is that the forging heating temperature is set to 1200 ° C. or more and 1300 ° C. or less. This is to ensure proper hot workability, prevent coarsening of the crystal grain size, and obtain an appropriate metal structure without overheating.
第３の特徴はオーステナイト状態において熱間鍛造することによってナットブランクを製造するようにした点にある。素材の低い焼入れ性を補うための加工熱処理である。 The third feature is that a nut blank is manufactured by hot forging in the austenite state. This is a heat treatment to compensate for the low hardenability of the material.
第４の特徴は鍛造終止時のナット表面温度を７６０°Ｃ以上９００°Ｃ以下にコントロールするようにした点にある。終止温度が７６０°Ｃ未満になると、オーステナイト化が不十分になって十分な焼入れ硬さが得られず、終止温度が９００°Ｃを超えると、結晶粒が粗大化するからである。 The fourth feature is that the nut surface temperature at the end of forging is controlled to 760 ° C. or more and 900 ° C. or less. This is because when the final temperature is less than 760 ° C., austenitization becomes insufficient and sufficient quenching hardness cannot be obtained, and when the final temperature exceeds 900 ° C., the crystal grains become coarse.
第５の特徴は水冷とした点にある。一般構造用圧延鋼材は焼入れ性が低く、焼き割れの心配がないので、水冷とする。 The fifth feature is that it is water-cooled. General structural rolled steel is water-cooled because it has low hardenability and there is no fear of quench cracking.
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples.
Ｃ：０．１５％、Ｍｎ：０．５０％を含むＳＳ４００のφ２２鋼材を１２３０°Ｃに加熱して２面間幅３０ｍｍ、内径１７．５ｍｍ、高さ１６ｍｍのナットブランクを熱間鍛造し、水冷直前の温度８００〜８５０°Ｃから水温１９°Ｃに水冷した。ナットブランク（試料Ｎｏ．１〜試料Ｎｏ．５）について３箇所の焼入れ硬さを測定した。その結果を表１に示す。この処理により、焼入れ硬さＨＲＣ４２〜４３が安定して得られた。その後、５７０°Ｃで焼戻し、ＨＲＣ２０〜２５の製品硬さが得られた。 C: 0.15%, Mn: 0.50% SS400 φ22 steel material is heated to 1230 ° C and a fork nut blank having a width between two faces of 30 mm, an inner diameter of 17.5 mm, and a height of 16 mm is hot forged. Water cooling was performed from a temperature of 800 to 850 ° C. immediately before water cooling to a water temperature of 19 ° C. About the nut blank (sample No. 1-sample No. 5), the quenching hardness of 3 places was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. By this treatment, quenching hardness HRC42 to 43 was stably obtained. Thereafter, tempering was performed at 570 ° C., and a product hardness of HRC 20 to 25 was obtained.
Ｃ：０．１４％、Ｍｎ：０．６１％を含むＳＳ４００のφ２８鋼材を１２３０°Ｃに加熱して２面間幅３６ｍｍ、内径２１ｍｍ、高さ１９ｍｍのナットブランクに熱間鍛造し、水冷直前の温度８５０〜９００°Ｃから水冷した。このナットブランク（試料Ｎｏ．１〜試料Ｎｏ．５）について３箇所の焼入れ硬さを測定した結果を表２に示す。この処理により、焼入れ硬さＨＲＣ４１．６〜４２．２が安定して得られた。その後、５００°Ｃで焼戻し、ＨＲＣ２５〜２８の製品硬さが得られた。 SS400 φ28 steel containing C: 0.14% and Mn: 0.61% is heated to 1230 ° C and hot forged into a nut blank with a width between two faces of 36mm, an inner diameter of 21mm and a height of 19mm, just before water cooling The water was cooled from 850 to 900 ° C. Table 2 shows the results of measuring the quenching hardness at three locations for this nut blank (sample No. 1 to sample No. 5). By this treatment, quenching hardness HRC 41.6 to 42.2 was stably obtained. Then, tempering was performed at 500 ° C., and a product hardness of HRC 25 to 28 was obtained.
比較のため、実施例２と同一の鋼材丸棒を１０ｍｍ厚さに切断し、９２０°Ｃに４０分間加熱し、水冷し、直径方向の７箇所の焼入れ硬さを測定した。その結果を表３に示す。加工熱処理を行わなかったときには焼入れ硬さがＨＲＣ２１．２〜３８．４になり、硬さのばらつきが大きかった。この状態では不完全焼入れ状態になっており、安定した品質確保が難しい。 For comparison, the same steel round bar as in Example 2 was cut to a thickness of 10 mm, heated to 920 ° C. for 40 minutes, water-cooled, and the quenching hardness at seven locations in the diameter direction was measured. The results are shown in Table 3. When the heat treatment was not performed, the quenching hardness was 21.2 to 38.4, and the variation in hardness was large. In this state, it is in an incompletely quenched state, and it is difficult to ensure stable quality.
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