JP5374327B2 - Circulating fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents

Circulating fluidized bed boiler Download PDF

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JP5374327B2
JP5374327B2 JP2009261124A JP2009261124A JP5374327B2 JP 5374327 B2 JP5374327 B2 JP 5374327B2 JP 2009261124 A JP2009261124 A JP 2009261124A JP 2009261124 A JP2009261124 A JP 2009261124A JP 5374327 B2 JP5374327 B2 JP 5374327B2
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fluidized bed
coating
sprayed
bed boiler
circulating fluidized
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JP2011106720A (en
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康弘 田中
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a circulating fluidized bed boiler suppressing local abrasive thinning inside a combustion chamber. <P>SOLUTION: In this circulating fluidized bed boiler equipped with: a refractory material 4 disposed in a lower section in the combustion chamber 1; and steam generating tubes 3 vertically disposed just above the refractory material 4, a coating 5 is formed by thermal spraying on the steam generating tubes 3 from a part just above the refractory material 4 to a prescribed position, and a sprayed film 6 having hardness lower than a base material of the steam generating tube 3, is formed in the axial direction of the steam generating tubes 3 of the sprayed coating 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、循環流動床ボイラに関し、特に、摩耗対策を施した蒸発管を有する廃棄物焚き循環流動床ボイラに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, and more particularly, to a waste-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler having an evaporation pipe with anti-wear measures.

循環流動床ボイラは、耐火材と、耐火材直上に立設された蒸発管とから構成される炉壁で囲まれた燃焼室内で、石炭等の燃料を燃焼用空気により珪砂等の粒子(循環材)と共に流動化させながら燃焼させ、蒸気を発生させるものである。   A circulating fluidized bed boiler is a combustion chamber surrounded by a furnace wall composed of a refractory material and an evaporating pipe installed directly above the refractory material. The material is combusted while being fluidized to generate steam.

循環流動床ボイラにおいて、燃焼室の上部領域に吹き上げられた循環材の大部分は燃焼ガス排出口から外部へ導出されるものの、吹き上げられた一部の循環材や燃焼室の上部領域まで吹き上げられなかった循環材は、炉壁の内面に沿って下方へ流下する。この際、燃焼ガスのダウンフローにより流下する循環材が、炉壁を摩耗減肉するという現象が発生する。この摩耗減肉は、耐火材直上の蒸発管においても懸念されるため、従来、耐火材直上の蒸発管には、被膜が溶射されている。   In the circulating fluidized bed boiler, most of the circulating material blown up to the upper region of the combustion chamber is led out from the combustion gas discharge port, but is blown up to a part of the circulating material and the upper region of the combustion chamber. The remaining circulating material flows down along the inner surface of the furnace wall. At this time, a phenomenon occurs in which the circulating material flowing down due to the downflow of the combustion gas wears and thins the furnace wall. Since this wear reduction is also a concern in the evaporation pipe directly above the refractory material, a coating is conventionally sprayed on the evaporation pipe directly above the refractory material.

特許文献1では、高温環境下で流動層ボイラの伝熱管等の部材を腐食・摩耗現象から保護するための表面被覆用材料について開示している。   Patent Document 1 discloses a surface coating material for protecting a member such as a heat transfer tube of a fluidized bed boiler from corrosion / abrasion phenomenon in a high temperature environment.

特開2009−68069号公報(段落[0031])JP 2009-68069 A (paragraph [0031])

近年、耐火材直上の蒸発管の減肉よりも、溶射膜が施されていない蒸発管素管の局部的な摩耗減肉や、図6に示すような蒸発管3の被膜5の上端部からV字状に摩耗する現象(V字摩耗)8が報告されている。また、廃棄物焚き循環流動床ボイラの燃料の1つとしてRPF(高カロリー固形燃料:Refuse Paper & Plastic Fuel)が用いられるようになり、RPFに高濃度で含有されている塩素によって、上記V字状の摩耗減肉が加速進行するという問題も発生している。   In recent years, rather than the thinning of the evaporation pipe just above the refractory material, the local wear reduction of the evaporation pipe base pipe not coated with the sprayed film, or the upper end of the coating 5 of the evaporation pipe 3 as shown in FIG. A phenomenon of V-shaped wear (V-shaped wear) 8 has been reported. In addition, RPF (High Calorie Solid Fuel: Refuse Paper & Plastic Fuel) is used as one of the fuels for waste-fired circulating fluidized bed boilers. There has also been a problem of accelerated progress of wear-like thinning.

特許文献1に開示されている表面被覆用材料は、被覆用材料自体の耐食性及び耐摩耗性を改善しているものであり、上記のような蒸発管の局部的な摩耗減肉の発生を解決するものではない。   The surface coating material disclosed in Patent Document 1 improves the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the coating material itself, and solves the above-mentioned local wear thinning of the evaporation tube. Not what you want.

本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、燃焼室内部で局部的な摩耗減肉を抑制することができる循環流動床ボイラを提供することを目的とする。   This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, Comprising: It aims at providing the circulating fluidized bed boiler which can suppress local wear thinning inside a combustion chamber.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明は、燃焼室内の下部に設けられる耐火材と、該耐火材の直上に立設される蒸発管とを備える循環流動床ボイラにおいて、前記蒸発管に、前記耐火材の直上部から所定の位置まで該蒸発管の母材よりも硬い材料からなる被膜が溶射され、溶射された前記被膜の蒸発管の軸上方向に、該蒸発管の母材よりも硬さの低い溶射膜が設けられる循環流動床ボイラを提供する。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a circulating fluidized bed boiler comprising a refractory material provided at a lower portion in a combustion chamber and an evaporating pipe standing directly above the refractory material. A coating made of a material harder than the base material of the evaporation tube is sprayed from a position directly above the refractory material to a predetermined position, and is harder than the base material of the evaporation tube in the axial direction of the evaporation tube of the sprayed coating. A circulating fluidized bed boiler provided with a low thermal spray coating is provided.

本発明者は、溶射膜が施されていない蒸発管の素管部分の局部的な摩耗減肉の原因を以下のように考えた。図7(a)〜(d)を参照して、説明する。
図7(a):耐火材4直上の蒸発管3に溶射されている被膜5は、小粒の溶射材5cが積層して形成されている。被膜5の上端部は、通常、スムージング処理されている。
図7(b):廃棄物焚き循環流動床ボイラの運転中に、例えば、RPF中の塩素から発生したHClガスやHClガスから気相凝縮するKCl、NaClなどの溶融塩9が気相凝縮し、被膜5内に侵入する。
図7(c):溶融塩9によって、被膜5の腐食が進行し、溶射材粒子間の結合力が弱まる。そのため、循環材7のエロードにより被膜5の上端部が、蒸発管3の軸下方向へ徐々に摩耗減肉される。それによって、被膜5のスムージング処理された部分5aが消失し、蒸発管3の素管と、被膜5との境界に段差5bが形成される。
図7(d):通常、耐火材4直上部の蒸発管3に溶射される被膜5は、耐食・耐摩耗を目的として施工されているため、蒸発管3の母材よりも硬度が高い。そのため、燃焼室内を飛散している循環材7は、段差5bに引っ掛かることで該段差5bを起点として、被膜5より軟らかい素管の方を局部的に摩耗減肉する。
The present inventor considered the cause of local wear thinning of the raw pipe portion of the evaporation pipe not provided with the sprayed coating as follows. This will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 7A: The coating 5 sprayed on the evaporation pipe 3 immediately above the refractory material 4 is formed by laminating small sprayed materials 5c. The upper end portion of the coating 5 is usually subjected to a smoothing process.
FIG. 7B: During the operation of the waste-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler, for example, HCl gas generated from chlorine in the RPF and molten salt 9 such as KCl and NaCl vapor-phase condensed from HCl gas are vapor-phase condensed. , Enters the coating 5.
FIG. 7C: Corrosion of the coating 5 proceeds due to the molten salt 9, and the bonding force between the sprayed material particles is weakened. For this reason, the upper end portion of the coating 5 is gradually wear-reduced in the axial downward direction of the evaporation pipe 3 due to the erosion of the circulating material 7. As a result, the smoothed portion 5 a of the coating 5 disappears, and a step 5 b is formed at the boundary between the base tube of the evaporation tube 3 and the coating 5.
FIG. 7D: Usually, the coating 5 sprayed on the evaporation pipe 3 immediately above the refractory material 4 is constructed for the purpose of corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and therefore has a higher hardness than the base material of the evaporation pipe 3. For this reason, the circulating material 7 scattered in the combustion chamber is caught by the step 5b, and the wear of the base tube softer than the coating 5 is locally reduced through the step 5b.

本発明によれば、耐火材直上の蒸発管に溶射される被膜の軸上方向に、蒸発管の母材よりも軟らかい溶射膜が施工されることで、循環材が、直接被膜の上端部に衝突することを防止できるようになる。また、循環材が、上記溶射膜を優先的に摩耗減肉するようになるため、摩耗減肉される範囲が分散される。   According to the present invention, the thermal spray film softer than the base material of the evaporation pipe is applied in the axial direction of the coating sprayed on the evaporation pipe immediately above the refractory material, so that the circulating material is directly applied to the upper end portion of the coating. It becomes possible to prevent a collision. Further, since the circulating material wears and thins the sprayed film preferentially, the range of wear thinning is dispersed.

本発明によれば、蒸発管の母材よりも硬度の低い溶射膜が施工されることで、燃焼室内部における局部的な摩耗減肉の発生を抑制できる。従って、定期的に蒸発管に溶射膜を施工することで循環流動床ボイラの寿命を延長させることができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of local wear thinning in the combustion chamber by applying a sprayed film having a lower hardness than the base material of the evaporation tube. Therefore, the life of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be extended by periodically applying the sprayed film to the evaporation pipe.

本発明に係る循環流動床ボイラの一実施形態について、燃焼室の縦断面概略図である。It is a longitudinal section schematic diagram of a combustion chamber about one embodiment of a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the present invention. 図1のA部分の拡大図である。(a)は、溶射膜が施工された蒸発管の部分断面概略図である。(b)は、循環材によって溶射膜が摩耗減肉される際のイメージ図である。It is an enlarged view of the A part of FIG. (A) is the partial cross-sectional schematic of the evaporation pipe | tube in which the sprayed film was constructed. (B) is an image figure when a thermal spray film is wear-thinned by the circulating material. 摩耗試験に用いる遠心スプレッダ式高温エロージョン試験装置の構造を示す部分概略図である。It is the partial schematic which shows the structure of the centrifugal spreader type high temperature erosion test apparatus used for an abrasion test. 摩耗試験に用いる遠心スプレッダ式高温エロージョン試験装置の原理を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the principle of the centrifugal spreader type high temperature erosion test apparatus used for an abrasion test. 摩耗試験の結果のグラフを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the graph of the result of an abrasion test. 蒸発管の溶射された被膜の上端部のV字摩耗の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of V-shaped abrasion of the upper end part of the sprayed coating of the evaporation pipe. 耐火材直上部蒸発管の溶射上端部における局部的な摩耗減肉の推定メカニズムの説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the estimation mechanism of the local wear thinning in the thermal spraying upper end part of a vaporization pipe | tube directly above a refractory material.

以下に、本発明に係る循環流動床ボイラの一実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
図1に、循環流動床ボイラの燃焼室1の縦断面概略図を示す。燃焼室1内には、燃焼室(火炉)の壁面に沿って炉底部2から一定の高さまで上下方向に延びて隣接配置された複数の蒸発管3が備えられている。蒸発管3の下部は、例えば、シリカとアルミナの混合物からなる耐火材4で被覆されている。燃焼室1内には、燃焼用の空気が図示しないブロワから炉底部2に供給される。また、廃棄材やRPF等の燃料も炉底部2に供給される。燃焼室1内には、珪砂等の循環材7が充填されている(不図示)。燃料は、燃焼室1内部を炉底部2から吹き上げるように、空気によって循環材7と一緒に攪拌されながら高速流動床と呼ばれる流動状態を形成し、その流動床の中で燃料が燃焼される。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, the longitudinal cross-sectional schematic of the combustion chamber 1 of a circulating fluidized bed boiler is shown. In the combustion chamber 1, there are provided a plurality of evaporation pipes 3 extending vertically from the furnace bottom 2 to a certain height along the wall surface of the combustion chamber (furnace) and arranged adjacent to each other. The lower part of the evaporation pipe 3 is covered with a refractory material 4 made of, for example, a mixture of silica and alumina. In the combustion chamber 1, combustion air is supplied from a blower (not shown) to the furnace bottom 2. In addition, fuel such as waste material and RPF is also supplied to the furnace bottom 2. The combustion chamber 1 is filled with a circulating material 7 such as silica sand (not shown). The fuel forms a fluidized state called a high-speed fluidized bed while being stirred together with the circulating material 7 by air so as to blow up the inside of the combustion chamber 1 from the furnace bottom 2, and the fuel is combusted in the fluidized bed.

燃焼室1には、ガス・循環材分離手段、シールポット、及び外部熱交換器などのボイラとして機能するための他の手段が適宜接続されていても良い。本実施形態では、説明の簡略化のため、図示を省略する。   Other means for functioning as a boiler such as a gas / circulator separation means, a seal pot, and an external heat exchanger may be connected to the combustion chamber 1 as appropriate. In the present embodiment, illustration is omitted for simplification of description.

図2(a)に、図1のA部分の拡大図を示す。上記のような構成の循環流動床ボイラの燃焼室1において、蒸発管3の耐火材4の直上に位置する部分には、被膜5が溶射されている。被膜5の蒸発管3軸上方向には、溶射膜6が施工されている。   FIG. 2A shows an enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. In the combustion chamber 1 of the circulating fluidized bed boiler configured as described above, a coating 5 is sprayed on a portion of the evaporation pipe 3 positioned immediately above the refractory material 4. A sprayed film 6 is applied in the direction of the axis of the evaporation tube 3 of the coating 5.

蒸発管3の母材(素管)は、許容応力以上の強度と、その使用環境に耐えうる耐食性及び耐酸化性を有する材料とされ、本実施形態では炭素鋼、例えばSTB510などで構成されている。炭素鋼を用いた場合、そのビッカース硬さは150HV程度となる。   The base material (element tube) of the evaporation tube 3 is made of a material having strength exceeding allowable stress and corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance that can withstand the use environment. In this embodiment, the base material (element tube) is made of carbon steel such as STB510. Yes. When carbon steel is used, the Vickers hardness is about 150 HV.

被膜5は、循環材7による摩耗、または燃焼ガスなどによる腐食から蒸発管素管を保護する目的で、蒸発管3の耐火材4直上部から所定の高さまでの範囲に溶射されている。溶射材としては、高Cr合金や50Cr−50Niなどの材料が使用され、通常、蒸発管3の素管よりも硬い膜(例えば、ビッカース硬さで350HV程度)として形成される。 The coating 5 is sprayed in a range from a position directly above the refractory material 4 of the evaporation tube 3 to a predetermined height for the purpose of protecting the evaporation tube element tube from abrasion caused by the circulating material 7 or corrosion caused by combustion gas. As the thermal spray material, a material such as a high Cr alloy or 50 Cr- 50 Ni is used, and it is usually formed as a film harder than the bare tube of the evaporation tube 3 (for example, about 350 HV in Vickers hardness).

溶射膜6は、上記被膜5が溶射された蒸発管の軸上方向に所定の範囲で施工される。溶射膜6は、蒸発管3の母材(素管)よりも硬さの低い溶射膜とする。例えば、母材が炭素鋼からなる場合、溶射膜の材料は、Al合金(ビッカース硬さ:130HV)やNi−5Al(ビッカース硬さ:120HV)を用いることができる。溶射膜6の膜厚は、被膜5の膜厚や溶射膜6の材料などを考慮して、適宜設定する。   The sprayed film 6 is applied in a predetermined range in the axial direction of the evaporation pipe on which the coating film 5 is sprayed. The sprayed film 6 is a sprayed film having a lower hardness than the base material (element tube) of the evaporation tube 3. For example, when the base material is made of carbon steel, an Al alloy (Vickers hardness: 130 HV) or Ni-5Al (Vickers hardness: 120 HV) can be used as the material of the sprayed film. The film thickness of the sprayed film 6 is appropriately set in consideration of the film thickness of the coating 5 and the material of the sprayed film 6.

被膜5及び溶射膜6の溶射は、ガス式フレーム溶射、電気アーク溶射、及びプラズマ溶射などによって行う。   Thermal spraying of the coating 5 and the sprayed film 6 is performed by gas flame spraying, electric arc spraying, plasma spraying, or the like.

本実施形態によれば、図2(b)に示すように、耐火材4直上部蒸発管3に溶射された被膜5の軸上方向に、更に蒸発管3の母材よりも硬さの低い溶射膜6を施工することで、燃焼室1内を飛散している循環材7が被膜5に衝突しないようになる。また、溶射膜6が素管(母材)と比べて軟らかいので、素管よりも優先的に摩耗され、循環材7が溶射膜6の全周を侵食するため、循環材7の衝突箇所を分散することができる。すなわち、蒸発管3素管の局部的な摩耗減肉を抑制させることができる。そのため、定期的に蒸発管3に溶射膜6を施工することで、循環流動床ボイラの寿命を延ばすことができる。   According to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2B, the hardness is lower than the base material of the evaporation tube 3 in the axial direction of the coating 5 sprayed on the evaporation tube 3 directly above the refractory material 4. By applying the sprayed film 6, the circulating material 7 scattered in the combustion chamber 1 does not collide with the coating 5. In addition, since the sprayed film 6 is softer than the raw pipe (base material), it is worn preferentially over the raw pipe, and the circulating material 7 erodes the entire periphery of the sprayed film 6, so Can be dispersed. That is, local wear thinning of the evaporation tube 3 can be suppressed. Therefore, the lifetime of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be extended by periodically applying the sprayed film 6 to the evaporation pipe 3.

以下で、溶射膜の摩耗試験を実施した。
摩耗試験に用いた遠心スプレッダ式高温エロージョン試験装置は、図3に示すように、炉11、モーター12、ノズル13、ヒーター14、回転円板15、粉体供給用ノズル16から構成される。
図4に、遠心スプレッダ式高温エロージョン試験法の原理を説明する図を示す。回転円板15の外側に試験片17を配置し、円板15をX方向に回転させながら、その中央部に粉体18を供給し、外向きに設けたノズル13を通して遠心力により粉体18を飛散させて、内部からカートリッジヒーターで加熱した試験片17に衝突させる。このようにして、一定条件下で摩耗させた後、試験片17の三次元形状の変化に基づいて、粉体18の衝突角度に対する摩耗量を求める。
Below, the abrasion test of the sprayed film was implemented.
As shown in FIG. 3, the centrifugal spreader type high temperature erosion test apparatus used for the wear test includes a furnace 11, a motor 12, a nozzle 13, a heater 14, a rotating disk 15, and a powder supply nozzle 16.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the centrifugal spreader type high temperature erosion test method. A test piece 17 is arranged outside the rotating disk 15, and the powder 18 is supplied to the center of the disk 15 while rotating the disk 15 in the X direction. Are scattered and collided with the test piece 17 heated by the cartridge heater from the inside. In this way, after being worn under a certain condition, the amount of wear with respect to the collision angle of the powder 18 is obtained based on the change in the three-dimensional shape of the test piece 17.

本実施形態おいては、試験片17(外径20mm×内径12mm×高さ50mm)として、Al溶射合金(ビッカース硬さ:130HV)または炭素鋼(ビッカース硬さ:150HV)を用いて摩耗試験を実施した。粉体18は実缶流動材:実機で使用されていたシリカ−アルミナ系の流動材とし、粉体衝突速度:100m/秒、温度:350℃の条件下で4時間摩耗した後、試験片17の三次元形状の変化に基づいて、粉体18の衝突角度に対する摩耗量を求めた。   In this embodiment, a wear test is performed using an Al sprayed alloy (Vickers hardness: 130 HV) or carbon steel (Vickers hardness: 150 HV) as the test piece 17 (outer diameter 20 mm × inner diameter 12 mm × height 50 mm). Carried out. The powder 18 is an actual can fluidized material: a silica-alumina based fluidized material that has been used in actual machines, and wears for 4 hours under the conditions of a powder collision speed: 100 m / second and a temperature: 350 ° C. The amount of wear with respect to the collision angle of the powder 18 was determined based on the change in the three-dimensional shape.

図5に、摩擦試験の結果を示す。同図において、横軸は試験片名、縦軸は平均摩擦深さである。Al合金の平均摩擦深さが90μm程度であったのに対し、炭素鋼の平均摩擦深さは40μm程度であった。   FIG. 5 shows the result of the friction test. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the test piece name, and the vertical axis represents the average friction depth. The average friction depth of the Al alloy was about 90 μm, whereas the average friction depth of the carbon steel was about 40 μm.

1 燃焼室
2 炉底部
3 蒸発管
4 耐火材
5 被膜
6 溶射膜
7 循環材
8 V字摩耗
9 溶融塩
11 炉
12 モーター
13 ノズル
14 ヒーター
15 回転円板
16 粉体供給用ノズル
17 試験片
18 粉体
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Combustion chamber 2 Furnace bottom part 3 Evaporating pipe 4 Refractory material 5 Coating 6 Spraying film 7 Circulating material 8 V-shaped wear 9 Molten salt 11 Furnace 12 Motor 13 Nozzle 14 Heater 15 Rotating disk 16 Powder supply nozzle 17 Test piece 18 Powder body

Claims (1)

燃焼室内の下部に設けられる耐火材と、該耐火材の直上に立設される蒸発管とを備える循環流動床ボイラにおいて、
前記蒸発管に、前記耐火材の直上部から所定の位置まで該蒸発管の母材よりも硬い材料からなる被膜が溶射され、
溶射された前記被膜の蒸発管の軸上方向に、該蒸発管の母材よりも硬さの低い溶射膜が設けられる循環流動床ボイラ。
In a circulating fluidized bed boiler comprising a refractory material provided in the lower part of the combustion chamber, and an evaporating pipe standing directly above the refractory material,
A coating made of a material harder than the base material of the evaporation pipe is sprayed on the evaporation pipe from a position directly above the refractory material to a predetermined position,
A circulating fluidized bed boiler in which a sprayed film having a lower hardness than the base material of the evaporation pipe is provided in the axial direction of the evaporation pipe of the sprayed coating.
JP2009261124A 2009-11-16 2009-11-16 Circulating fluidized bed boiler Expired - Fee Related JP5374327B2 (en)

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JP5872372B2 (en) * 2012-04-25 2016-03-01 住友重機械工業株式会社 Fluidized bed reactor and method for producing the same
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KR101494766B1 (en) 2013-10-15 2015-02-23 정정운 Tube of fluidized bed boiler and method of manufacturing tube of fluidized bed boiler

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