JP5373882B2 - Electric motor - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is an electric motor mainly suitable for an electric motor for an electric vehicle, and is particularly suitable for an electric motorcycle.

Currently, hybrid cars and electric vehicles are being developed from the viewpoint of environmental protection in various areas. As for motorcycles, small electric motorcycles are already on the market, and in the future, electric motor drive products for motorcycles will be available. It seems that it will also become popular.

Currently, most electric motors, due to their structure, undergo several torque fluctuations (hereinafter referred to as pulsation) caused by coils and permanent magnets arranged for driving during one rotation of the rotating shaft. Often wakes up.

In general, in most fields, it is often considered that the rotation unevenness including the pulsation in the rotation of the motor is smaller and inconspicuous, and the higher performance is often obtained, and the pulsation such as Japanese Patent Application Nos. There are many inventions to reduce, but few inventions to increase or use pulsation.

However, for example, even in a two-wheeled vehicle using a reciprocating engine, a multi-cylinder engine such as a 4-cylinder or a 6-cylinder engine having high output performance and excellent high rotation characteristics has been considered to have high performance. Many single-cylinder and two-cylinder users prefer these as hobbies, such as the pulsation that they can experience and the vibrations generated from them.

In recent years, the pulsation of the engine has also been confirmed to prevent the tire from slipping on the road surface while traveling, as in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-85285 and Utility Model Application No. 8-3712. Because multiple cylinder engines exploded at the same time or at close intervals, the invention was devised to widen the pulsation of the engine and widen the intervals, and the same kind of technology was actually used in motorcycle racing world championships etc. However, it has been found that the magnitude of the engine pulsation and the distance between the two-wheeled vehicles have aspects that improve the grip performance of the motorcycle tires.

The improvement of grip performance is affected by the fact that driving force such as acceleration is intermittently generated between the road surface due to pulsation, which also includes the effect of preventing tire slippage during purely sudden acceleration . Since this performance is also effective for other vehicles such as four-wheeled vehicles, there is a possibility of being effective for automobiles and other vehicles having many electric motor drives other than two-wheeled vehicles.

In addition, the structure of this motor generates vibration accompanied by pulsation in the rotation itself, so that it can be used in other fields such as devices that require vibration such as vibrators and driving force transmission devices that can make effective use of pulsation. Also have the potential to use.

Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-216863 Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-233022 Patent Publication 2007-85285 Utility Model Application No. 8-3712 Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-214255 JP 2009-50093

Electric motors that have been used in electric vehicles so far have a large number of permanent magnets and coils having a plurality of poles that are evenly arranged at 360 degrees around the rotation axis, so that they rotate smoothly. Rotation without feeling pulsation is possible, but when using an electric motor for a motorcycle, if you use an electric motor that hardly feels pulsation, because of the short pulsation interval and small pulsation, tires due to motor pulsation It is difficult to expect improved grip strength.

Regarding the method of generating motor pulsation, in the case of a motor using a coil and permanent magnet, it is possible to increase the time interval of pulsation by reducing the number of poles and emphasize the pulsation that can be experienced. In motors, the number of pulsations is determined by the number of coil poles and the number of permanent magnets, so there are very many electric motors such as 6 or 8 times per rotation of the rotating part. In a motor having only two coil poles and two permanent magnet poles, it is difficult to obtain sufficient rotating force from the number of coils and permanent magnets.

Also, in the case of a 4-cycle 2-cylinder engine that has a well-established pulsation characteristics in a reciprocating engine, a motor with a strong pulsation of about once per revolution is devised when considering two explosions during two revolutions of the crankshaft. Think of it as a challenge.

However, it is usually difficult to reduce the number of poles extremely when it is desirable to use a motor with a larger number of poles because it usually requires four or more poles, especially as the driving force of an electric vehicle requires a strong driving force. .

Therefore, taking a direct current motor as an example, to generate a strong torque only at a specific angle within a rotation angle of 360 degrees, the maximum rotation torque is generated in one direction while using multipolar driving force. The problem is to manufacture a motor having a large torque difference from the direction in which the rotational torque is minimized.

Furthermore, in reality, it is not simply that the torque fluctuation is large, but the difference between the peak and minimum torque generation and other pulsation characteristics are adjusted according to the body and tires of the motorcycle and other conditions. A degree of design freedom is required.

Conventionally, electric motors have few pulsations generated from the number of poles in most fields, and there are many fields where higher performance is obtained as they are uniform. Permanent magnets and coils arranged at an equal angle with respect to the rotation axis are: There are some advantages to the placement method, but there are not many disadvantages.

Some exception motors with a biased coil arrangement for the purpose of breaking the balance of rotation, such as the “vibration motor” of “JP 2009-50093”. However, in this motor, since the permanent magnets are arranged at an even angle, the aim is to generate vibrations due to the weight balance of the rotating parts. The motor has a fluctuation in rotational torque for the number of poles.

Generation of large pulsations due to torque fluctuations can be achieved not only by biasing the coil arrangement but also by arranging the permanent magnets in a biased manner.

In the conventional general motor, the coil is arranged at an angular interval that is a value obtained by dividing 360 degrees by the number of poles of the coil with respect to 360 degrees that is a rotation angle of one rotation. . As for the permanent magnets, it is a general standard for the arrangement positions of the coils and the permanent magnets to arrange the permanent magnets at an angular interval that is a value obtained by dividing 360 degrees by the number of poles of the permanent magnets.

In the present invention, as means for generating a large uneven and biased pulsation, the pulsation according to the difference in the angle of arrangement is made by deliberately setting the arrangement angle of one or all of the coils and the permanent magnets as non-uniform angles. Can be generated.

By biasing this arrangement, the drive torque is biased and the pulsation is increased, here called “bias drive”, and the motor of this structure is called “bias drive motor”.

The permanent magnet described here refers to a permanent magnet having a magnetic force equal to or stronger than that of a normal permanent magnet used in a general motor, and is hereinafter referred to as a “permanent magnet”. If both the weak magnets are magnets that always have the same polarity during operation of the electric motor, they can be used as permanent magnets and weak magnets even when an electromagnet with a fixed polarity is used instead.

The coil described here refers to a coil having a magnetic force at the time of energization that is equal to or higher than that of a normal coil used in a general motor, and is hereinafter referred to as a “coil”.

"Normal permanent magnets used for general motors" means that at least the strength of the magnetic force required when the motor rotates, and the motor rotates at the minimum in combination with the coil used. Have the ability to

“A normal coil used for a general motor has at least the strength of the magnetic force required to rotate the motor when it is energized. Ability to rotate.

A magnet having a weaker magnetic force than a standard permanent magnet is called a “weak magnet”, and a coil having a weaker magnetic force when energized than a normal coil is referred to as a “weak coil”.

Since this “weak magnet” is used only for auxiliary functions, it does not have to have the ability to rotate the motor.

Further, since this “weak coil” is used only for an auxiliary function, it does not have to have the ability to rotate the motor when energized.

In order to make a distinction according to each characteristic, the magnet described as “permanent magnet” does not include “weak magnet”, and the coil described as “coil” does not include “weak coil”. .

The term “weak magnet” and “permanent magnet” are collectively referred to as “all magnets”, and the term “weak coil” and “coil” are collectively referred to as “all coils”.

The following method can be considered as a basic part as a reference for arranging the coils and the permanent magnets in a biased manner.

Weak magnets can be used to weaken the magnetic force by using a method such as increasing the distance from the coil or using a magnet that weakens the magnet itself by changing the material or manufacturing method. it can.

Weak coils use a method to weaken the magnetic force during energization, such as increasing the distance from the permanent magnet or changing the core material to weaken the magnetic force during energization, or reducing the number of coil turns to reduce the magnetic force during energization. To weaken. The magnetic force can be weakened by lowering the voltage to be energized or reducing the current.

These weak magnets and weak coils can be used by adjusting the strength of the magnetic force according to the design of the pulsation characteristics, but in the description of the present invention, as a specific example for explanation, It is described as a magnetic force of about a half for each of the permanent magnet and the coil.

In order to perform an operation as an electric motor, the arrangement positions of all the coils are arranged with reference to a circumference on one plane with the rotation axis as the center.

The arrangement position of all magnets is a distance that can sufficiently affect the coil to generate the rotational force of the electric motor, and is based on the circumference on one plane with the rotation axis as the center. Deploy. However, the weak magnets among all the magnets can be disposed at a position slightly further from the coil than the reference circle on the basis of the adjustment of the magnetic force.

In the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of adjacent coils arranged at one or more different angles around one of the adjacent coils arranged around the rotation axis. A plurality of coils arranged at different angles of one or more positions between the coil and the permanent magnet arranged next to either of the adjacent permanent magnets arranged around the rotation axis. With permanent magnet

Claim 2 has a first block in which no coil is disposed, a second block in which a plurality of coils are disposed, a third block in which no permanent magnet is disposed, and a fourth block in which a plurality of permanent magnets are disposed, The block is a block having an angle range wider than an angle obtained by dividing 360 degrees around the rotation axis by the number of poles of a plurality of coils arranged in the second block, and the second block is 1 centered on the rotation axis. With the remaining angle range obtained by subtracting the angle range of the first block from the 360 ° range, all the coils that you want to place in this range are placed at the center point that is the reference, and the third block rotates. A block having a wider angle range than the angle obtained by dividing 360 degrees around the axis by the number of poles of a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in the fourth block. The fourth block is 360 degrees around the rotation axis. The remaining angular range obtained by subtracting the angular range of the third block of range, all of the permanent magnets to be placed in this range, are arranged the center point serving as the reference at any angle.

A third block has a first block in which a weak coil can be arbitrarily arranged, a second block in which a coil is arranged, a third block in which a weak magnet can be arbitrarily arranged, and a fourth block in which a permanent magnet is arranged. The block has a range of angles wider than an angle obtained by dividing 360 degrees around the rotation axis by the number of poles of a plurality of coils arranged in the second block, and the second block has one rotation 360 around the rotation axis. In the remaining angle range obtained by subtracting the angle range of the first block from the range of degrees, all the coils that you want to place in this range are placed at the center point that is the reference, and the third block has the rotation axis It has a range of angles wider than the angle obtained by dividing 360 degrees around the center by the number of poles of the plurality of permanent magnets arranged in the fourth block, and the fourth block is within a range of 360 degrees around the rotation axis. 3rd block The remainder obtained by subtracting the angular range of the angle range, all the permanent magnets to be placed in this range, are arranged the center point serving as the reference at any angle.

Furthermore, in the structure according to claim 3, the weak coil can be arbitrarily arranged in the empty space after the coil of the second block is arranged with respect to the structure of the above contents, and the permanent of the fourth block. A weak magnet can be arbitrarily arranged in an empty space after the magnet is arranged.

The basic arrangement methods of the three claims mentioned above can be used alone or in combination with the following three arrangement methods Nos. 4 to 6.

In claim 4, weak coils are arranged in the first block, the second block, or both.

In claim 5, weak magnets are arranged in the third block, the fourth block, or both.

According to the sixth aspect, a weak coil is arranged in the first block, the second block, or both, and a weak magnet is arranged in the third block, the fourth block, or both.

The above-described conditions of claims 1 to 3 or those obtained by adding the conditions of claims 4 to 6 to claims 2 and 3 are referred to herein as “structural conditions of a bias drive motor”.

Furthermore, various types of motors using the arrangement method of the coil and permanent magnet so far can be manufactured. As an example, we have the above-mentioned “Structural conditions of the eccentric drive motor”, and a permanent magnet attached to the fixed part, a brush attached to the fixed part, a coil attached to the rotating part, and a commutator attached to the rotating part. A brushless DC motor having a brushed DC motor having the above-mentioned "structural conditions of the bias drive motor", having a coil attached to a fixed part, a Hall element attached to the fixed part, and a permanent magnet attached to the rotating part A motor can be considered.

The structure of the electric motor with a non-uniform arrangement angle of the coil and the permanent magnet around the rotation axis can create a characteristic that changes the driving torque due to the rotation of the motor depending on the rotation angle of the rotation axis. By adding weak magnets to the structure of the motor so that the arrangement of coils and permanent magnets is not evenly distributed, the degree of freedom in design changes for the characteristics of drive torque depending on the rotation angle of the motor's rotation shaft is further increased. I can do it.

As a reference for the arrangement angle of a specific coil and permanent magnet, non-uniform pulsation can be generated in the motor rotation by arranging both the coil and the permanent magnet as described in detail below. I can do it.

In the structure of claim 1, the angle around the rotation axis of adjacent coils is the same for all motors in the case of a normal motor. Arrange one or more sets so that there are portions with different angles.

As a result, there are one or more “spaces in which the coils are not arranged in a wide range” that is wider than the angle calculated by “360 degrees ÷ the number of poles of the coil”.

Furthermore, there are one or more “spaces where permanent magnets are not arranged in a wide range” where the interval between the permanent magnets is wider than the angle calculated by “360 degrees ÷ the number of permanent magnet poles”.

When the space where the coil does not exist and the space where the permanent magnet does not exist come to the farthest position in the rotation of the motor, the number of coupling of the permanent magnet to the coil which tries to attract or repel is minimized. The generation of the magnetic force for rotation becomes weak or disappears, and there is a portion where the rotational force falls.

As a structure of claim 2, in order to generate uneven and biased large pulsation, in order to arrange the biased coil and the permanent magnet, a first block without a coil and a second block with a plurality of coils are arranged. The first block and the second block have the following structure.

This first block is a block having a wider angle range than the angle obtained by dividing 360 degrees around the rotation axis by the number of poles of a plurality of coils arranged in the second block.

And the second block. In the remaining angle range obtained by subtracting the angle range of the first block from the 360 degree range centering on the rotation axis, all the coils that you want to place in this range can be set to the center that is the reference for that coil, with the rotation axis as the reference Arrange at the angle of.

And it has the 3rd block which does not arrange | position a permanent magnet, and the 4th block which arrange | positions a some permanent magnet, and becomes the following structures about a 3rd block and a 4th block.

The third block is a block having a range having an angular range wider than the arrangement interval when the number of poles of the plurality of permanent magnets arranged in the fourth block is evenly arranged in the range of 360 degrees around the rotation axis.

The fourth block is the remaining angle range obtained by subtracting the angle range of the third block from the range of 360 degrees around the rotation axis. All the permanent magnets to be placed in this range can be arbitrarily set as the reference center point. Arrange at the angle of.

The first block without the coil is at an angle greater than the value of “360 degrees ÷ the number of poles of the coil”, and the third block without the permanent magnet is at an angle greater than the value of “360 degrees ÷ the number of poles of the permanent magnet”. The angle at which the rotational force falls between the first block and the permanent magnet, the third block and the coil, the magnetic force attracting between the first block and the third block, and the motor rotating shaft makes one rotation. Will exist.

The structure of claim 3 has a nonuniform and biased large pulsation, and in order to generate the pulsation strength in a state where the design can be widely changed, in order to arrange the biased coil and permanent magnet, Either a first block in which a coil is not further arranged in a motor made with the structure described as item 2 and an empty space in which a weak coil can be further arranged in a second block in which a coil is arranged, or Either one of the third block in which the weak coil is arranged and the permanent magnet is not arranged in both of them, and the empty space in which the weak magnet can be further arranged in the fourth block in which the permanent magnet is arranged, or both of them. In addition, the structure in which the weak magnets are arranged makes it possible to finely design the strength of pulsation and the like.

In order to control the magnitude of the occurrence of uneven and biased large pulsation, the structure according to claim 3 can be arranged with a biased coil and a permanent magnet. And a second block in which a weak coil can be arbitrarily arranged as necessary. The first block and the second block have the following structure.

This first block is a block having a wider angle range than the angle obtained by dividing 360 degrees around the rotation axis by the number of poles of a plurality of coils arranged in the second block.

And the second block. A block in which all the coils to be arranged in the second block are arranged at an arbitrary angle in the remaining angle range obtained by subtracting the angle range of the first block from the range of 360 degrees around the rotation axis.

And it has the 4th block which can arrange | position the 3rd block which can arrange | position a weak magnet arbitrarily as needed, the 3rd block which can arrange | position a weak magnet arbitrarily, and the 3rd block and the 4th block as follows. It becomes a structure.

The first block exists at an angle greater than the value of “360 degrees ÷ the number of poles of the coil”, and the third block where only weak magnets are arranged has an angle greater than the value of “360 degrees ÷ the number of poles of the permanent magnet”. There is an angle between the first block and the permanent magnet, the third block and the coil, where the magnetic force required for rotation is weak or absent, and there is an angle at which the rotational force decreases during one rotation of the motor rotation shaft. Become.

In this way, instead of arranging magnets and coils at an equal angle with respect to the rotation axis, torque is generated in only one direction for one rotation by intentionally shifting it, resulting in large torque fluctuations. Pulsation can be generated.

However, even when the pulsation is too large, for example, when used in a two-wheeled vehicle, the driving operation may be difficult. Therefore, it is desirable that the magnitude of the pulsation can be adjusted by design. In order to realize this, a method for adjusting the magnitude and characteristics of the pulsation is considered necessary. Therefore, a weak coil and a weak magnet are used as means for adjusting this.

The structure of claim 4 is a structure in which weak coils are arranged based on the structure of claim 2 or claim 3 in order to change the generation of uneven and biased large pulsations.

When the structure of claim 4 is considered based on the structure of claim 2, the structure is such that the weak coil is arranged in the empty area of the area where the coil is arranged.

When the structure of claim 4 is considered based on the structure of claim 3, weak coils are provided in either or both of the first block and the empty area where the coils of the second block are disposed. It becomes a structure to arrange.

The structure of claim 5 is a structure in which weak magnets are arranged based on the structure of claim 2 or claim 3 in order to change the generation of uneven and biased large pulsations.

When the structure of claim 5 is considered based on the structure of claim 2, the structure is such that the weak magnet is arranged in the empty area of the area where the permanent magnet is arranged.

When the structure of claim 4 is considered based on the structure of claim 3, the weak magnet is provided in one or both of the third block and the empty area avoiding the place where the permanent magnets of the fourth block are arranged. It becomes the structure which arranges.

The structure of claim 6 is a structure in which weak coils and weak magnets are arranged based on the structure of claim 2 or claim 3 in order to further change the generation of uneven and biased large pulsations.

When considering the structure of claim 4 based on the structure of claim 2, a structure in which a weak coil is arranged in an empty area in which the coil is arranged and a weak magnet is arranged in an empty area in which the permanent magnet is arranged It becomes.

When the structure of claim 4 is considered based on the structure of claim 3, weak coils are provided in either or both of the first block and the empty area where the coils of the second block are disposed. The weak magnets are arranged in one or both of the empty areas avoiding the arrangement of the permanent magnets of the third block and the fourth block.

Electric motors that can have pulsation due to the arrangement and strength design of coils and permanent magnets are considered to be effective not only for two-wheeled vehicles but also for gripping power when accelerating vehicles other than two-wheeled vehicles such as four-wheeled vehicles. , Vibrations caused by pulsation and imbalance in the rotating part may be used in other fields such as game machines and mobile phones that require vibrators that generate vibrations. have.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is an angle at which one or more driving torques are weakened due to a deviation in the arrangement interval of the coil and the permanent magnet within an angle of 360 degrees in which the motor makes one rotation. Compared with a normal motor in which typical coils and permanent magnets are arranged at equal intervals, it is possible to generate pulsations with unevenness in time intervals.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, fluctuations in the strength of the generated rotational torque are stronger and time-consuming than an electric motor having a normal motor structure in which coils and permanent magnets are arranged evenly at 360 degrees. Therefore, pulsation can be generated in the rotational torque at long intervals.

According to the third aspect of the invention, in addition to the characteristics of the motor of the second aspect, the difference between the peak and the minimum value of the rotational torque can be changed.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the pulsation intensity of the electric motor having a large pulsation according to the second or third aspect can be changed.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the strength of the pulsation of the electric motor having a large pulsation according to the second or third aspect can be changed.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the pulsation strength of the electric motor having a large pulsation according to the second or third aspect can be changed more widely than the fourth and fifth aspects.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the fluctuation of the rotational torque that is possible in the first to sixth aspects can be realized by the brushed DC motor.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the fluctuation of the rotational torque that can be achieved by the first to sixth aspects can be realized by the brushless DC motor.

It is a DC motor structure diagram of equidistant arrangement of 6 poles of coils and 6 poles of magnetic poles. It is a figure of the motor of the fluctuation | variation of the rotational torque of Claim 2 (henceforth called a partial drive type). 1 is a total number graph of the rotational force counted by the DC motor. 2 is a graph of the total number of rotational forces counted by the partial drive DC motor. FIG. 4 is a graph corresponding to three rotations of the graph contents of “FIG. 3”. FIG. 5 is a graph corresponding to three rotations of the graph contents of “FIG. 4”. It is a structural diagram of a partial drive type DC motor. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the total number of rotational forces counted by the motor of FIG. It is a structural diagram of a partial drive type DC motor. 10 is a graph showing the total number of rotational forces counted by the motor of FIG. It is a structural diagram of a partial drive type DC motor. It is a wearing figure at the time of wearing a balancer. It is the figure which narrowed the partial drive range. 14 is a graph of the total number of rotational forces counted by the motor of FIG. It is a structure figure of one side of a coaxial 2 motor. FIG. 16 is another structural diagram of the coaxial two motor with respect to FIG. 15. It is a side view of a coaxial 2 motor example. It is a figure of an example of a partial drive motor. It is a coaxial 2 motor side view. It is a figure of how to count the total number graph of a rotational force. It is a figure of how to count the total number graph of a rotational force. It is a figure of how to count the total number graph of a rotational force. It is a graph of the voltage concerning a coil. It is a graph of the voltage concerning a coil. It is a graph of the voltage concerning a coil. It is a figure in case a magnetic pole differs from the number of coils. It is a figure at the time of attaching an auxiliary coil and a permanent magnet. It is a figure at the time of attaching two commutators.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 11, two of the three-pole coils attached to the rotating part are arranged with an interval of 240 degrees wider than an angle of 120 degrees when three poles are uniformly arranged at 360 degrees, and the rest An arrangement of coils with a 1-pole coil attached at a position of 60 degrees, which is the center of the remaining 120-degree angle range, and the permanent magnets arranged in the fixed part of the motor are 3 poles, 2 of which are 360 degrees In the case of three poles evenly arranged, they are arranged with an interval of 240 degrees wider than the angle of 120 degrees, and the remaining one pole permanent magnet is mounted at a position of 60 degrees, which is the center of the remaining 120 degree angle range. An electric motor with a permanent magnet arrangement.

With this structure, as shown in the graphs of FIGS. 4 and 6 of the conventional motor, the peak of the large pulsation of only one time, not the small pulsation of the same number of times as the number of poles, during one rotation. Torque characteristics during rotation can be realized.

Taking this structure as an example, when the amount of force to be rotated generated by the rotation angle is described with a graph, FIG. 11 and FIG. 2 are almost the same structure, so the graph of FIG.

As a method of counting the force that the motor rotates in a graph, the number of the force that attracts the magnet and the coil and the repulsive force are counted and added as follows. is there.

This graph is a diagram for explaining the attractive force and the repulsive force of the coil and the permanent magnet represented in the graph in the state of FIG. Coil 34 is N pole, coil 33 and coil 35 are S pole, and the combination of permanent magnets facing each other or moving away from each other includes three sets of “30 and 33”, “31 and 34”, and “32 and 35”. In the poles that are repelled and are adjacent to each other in the rotation direction, two sets of “30 and 34” and “31 and 35” are attracted, so the total number of forces attracting and repelling in the rotation direction is “5”.

It is a figure explaining the repulsive force and the attractive force of the coil and permanent magnet which were represented with the graph in the state of Drawing 21 rotated 30 degrees counterclockwise from there. Coil 34 is N pole, coil 33 and coil 35 are S pole, and the combination of permanent magnets facing each other or moving away from each other includes three sets of “30 and 33”, “31 and 34”, and “32 and 35”. In the poles that are repelled and are adjacent to each other in the rotation direction, two sets of “30 and 34” and “31 and 35” are attracted, so the total number of forces attracting and repelling in the rotation direction is “5”.

Furthermore, it is a figure explaining the force and repulsive force which the coil and permanent magnet which were represented in the graph in the state of FIG. 22 rotated 30 degree | times counterclockwise from there, and a permanent magnet. Coil 34 is S pole, coil 33 and coil 35 are N pole, and the combination of permanent magnets facing each other or moving away from each other is repelled by two sets of “30 and 34” and “31 and 35”. In the adjacent pole, one set of “30 and 35” attracts, so the total number of forces attracting and repelling in the rotational direction is “3”.

Taking the state of FIG. 20 as an example and the case where the rotation angle is 0 degree as an example, the structure of the commutator is as shown in the graphs of FIGS. 23, 24, and 25.

FIG. 23 shows an example of the partial drive DC motor shown in FIG. 22. When a voltage of 15 V is applied, the voltage when the magnetic pole closest to the permanent magnet in the coil 33 becomes “N pole” is “+” (plus). This is a graph showing the voltage applied to the coil 33 and the state of the rotation angle. The state in FIG. 22 is assumed to be 0 (zero) degree.

FIG. 24 shows an example of the partial drive DC motor shown in FIG. 22. When a voltage of 15 V is applied, the voltage when the magnetic pole in the coil 34 closest to the permanent magnet becomes “N pole” is “+” (plus). The graph shows the voltage applied to the coil 34 and the state of the rotation angle when considered. The state in FIG. 22 is assumed to be 0 (zero) degree.

FIG. 25 shows an example of the partial drive DC motor shown in FIG. 22. When a voltage of 15 V is applied, the voltage when the magnetic pole of the portion closest to the permanent magnet in the coil 35 becomes “N pole” is “+” (plus). This is a graph showing the voltage applied to the coil 35 and the state of the rotation angle. The state in FIG. 22 is assumed to be 0 (zero) degree.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In the motor of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, “a range obtained by subtracting a total of two portions of the width of the coil from the range of 240 degrees on both sides” corresponds to a portion where the coil is not intentionally arranged as shown in FIG. 11. An electric motor having a structure in which a coil having a smaller number of turns than other coils is attached to an arbitrary position within a range of about 180 degrees as shown in FIG.

In this case, in the pulsation due to the rotation angle, it is possible to adjust to slightly reduce the difference in torque fluctuation at the time when the driving torque is peak and when the torque is low, and a certain amount of driving force is generated at any rotation angle. The structure of FIG. 1 can improve the feature that it is difficult to start the motor alone.

With this structure, when the number of turns of a coil with a small number of turns is determined so as to generate a magnetic force that is 50% of the magnetic force generated from a coil with a standard number of turns, the magnetic force to rotate and the coil will try to rotate. The total force and the rotation angle of the motor are as shown in FIG. 8, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is a little smaller than that of FIG. However, there is an effect that the magnitude of the pulsation can be adjusted by adjusting the number of turns of the coil having a smaller number of turns.

For the method of counting the total number of forces to be rotated shown in the graph of FIG. 8, as described in the first embodiment, “the force for which the motor rotates is graphed. It is counted in the same way as “Counting”.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In the motor of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, “a range obtained by subtracting a total of two portions of the width of the permanent magnet from both sides of the range of 240 degrees” corresponds to a portion where no permanent magnet is intentionally arranged. In FIG. 9, an electric motor having a structure in which a permanent magnet having a smaller magnetic force than other permanent magnets is attached at an arbitrary position within a range of about 180 degrees in FIG. In FIG. 9, a portion for winding a coil with a small number of turns in Example 2 is attached, but in Example 3, no coil is wound.

In this case, it is possible to set the difference between the fluctuation of the torque peak and the fluctuation when the torque is small in the pulsation due to the rotation angle, and a slight driving force is generated at any rotation angle. The characteristic that it is difficult to start the motor alone can be improved.

With this structure, when the number of turns of a coil with a small number of turns is determined so as to generate 50% of the magnetic force generated from a standard permanent magnet, the magnetic force for rotation and the force to rotate the coil The total and the rotation angle of the motor are as shown in FIG. 10, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is slightly smaller than that of FIG. However, there is an effect that the magnitude of pulsation can be slightly reduced by adjusting the number of turns of the coil having a smaller number of turns.

For the method of counting the total number of forces to be rotated shown in the graph of FIG. 10, as described in the first embodiment, “the force for which the motor rotates is graphed. It is counted in the same way as “Counting”.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In the motor of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, “a range obtained by subtracting a total of two portions of the coil width half from both sides from the range of 240 degrees”, which corresponds to a portion where no coil is intentionally arranged, is shown in FIG. 11. An electric motor having a structure in which a balancer for improving the balance of the weight balance with respect to the weight of the coil at the time of rotation is attached within a range of about 180 degrees as shown in FIG.

In this case, since the magnitude of vibration and rotation unevenness generated due to the imbalance of the weight generated during rotation can be reduced, durability is improved and the rotation performance is greatly affected.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 13, two of the three-pole coils attached to the rotating part are arranged with an interval of 300 degrees wider than an angle of 120 degrees when three poles are uniformly arranged at 360 degrees, The arrangement of the coil with the remaining one-pole coil attached at the position of 30 degrees, which is the center of the remaining 60-degree angle range, further comprises three permanent magnets arranged in the fixed part of the motor, two of which are Position at 30 degrees, which is the center of the range of 60 degrees where the remaining one pole permanent magnets are arranged at an interval of 300 degrees wider than the angle of 120 degrees when three poles are evenly arranged at 360 degrees Electric motor with a structure of permanent magnets attached to the.

This structure does not have the same small number of torque pulsations as the number of poles during one rotation, as in the conventional motor, but has a single large pulsation peak as shown in the graph of FIG. By making the arrangement angle of the coil narrower than in the first embodiment, it is possible to realize a torque characteristic having a characteristic in which the rotation torque that causes pulsation is minimized or a long time is not generated.

For the method of counting the total number of forces to be rotated shown in the graph of FIG. 14, as described in the first embodiment, “the force for which the motor rotates is graphed. It is counted in the same way as “Counting”.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

The motor of FIG. 15 has the same specifications as the motor of Example 5. FIG. 16 is almost the same as the specification of the motor of Example 5, and is stopped when the rotating part is rotated 90 degrees. An electric motor having a structure in which two rotating parts in a state where the positional relationship between the permanent magnet and the rotating part is different as in these two states are connected to the state shown in FIG.

By connecting two sets of motor rotating parts, there is an effect that a plurality of rotational characteristics can be added like a two-cylinder engine like a reciprocating engine, and the adjustment range of torque characteristics that causes the pulsation of the motor is reduced. Can be wide.

In addition, by connecting a plurality of rotating parts having the same angle state, it becomes possible to emphasize the characteristics more and make the driving force stronger.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 18, 360 degrees to 21 angles and 22 angles are wider than 120 degrees when two of the three-pole coils attached to the rotating part are equally arranged at 360 degrees. The arrangement of the coils attached at a position where the remaining one-pole coil is located at an angle of 22 from the coil in the 2 o'clock direction as the position within the range of the remaining angle. In addition, the permanent magnet to be arranged in the fixed part of the motor has 3 poles, and when two of them are arranged 3 poles uniformly at 360 degrees, an angle obtained by subtracting 19 and 20 angles from 360 degrees wider than 120 degrees The arrangement of the permanent magnets which are arranged at a distance of, and the remaining one-pole permanent magnets are attached within the range of the remaining angles, and the positions are 20 degrees from the permanent magnets in the 2 o'clock direction. Electric motor with structure Over.

By connecting two sets of motor rotating parts, there is an effect that a plurality of rotational characteristics can be added like a two-cylinder engine like a reciprocating engine, and the adjustment range of torque characteristics that causes the pulsation of the motor is reduced. Can be wide.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In general, the coils and permanent magnets including the motor as shown in FIG. 1 are uniformly arranged at 360 degrees with respect to the motors of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, the fifth embodiment, and the seventh embodiment. The electric motor of the structure which connected the rotation part with the structure of the motor of the state of FIG. Alternatively, a rotating part having the structure of a normal motor in which coils and permanent magnets are equally arranged at 360 degrees including the motor as shown in FIG. 1 is connected to the connected motor as in the sixth embodiment. Structure electric motor.

By connecting two sets of motor rotating parts, it is possible to prevent difficulty in starting rotation when the motor is stopped, and to slightly reduce the difference between the torque peak due to the rotation angle that causes pulsation and the fluctuation when the torque is low. It is possible to reduce the characteristics, and further, by adjusting the difference between the voltages applied to the coils for each of the two rotating parts, the characteristics can be adjusted while the motor is running. It becomes possible.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 18, the mounting angle of the coil with 3 poles attached to the rotating part is arranged in a state where the values of the angle 22 and the angle 23 are different, and the mounting angle of the permanent magnet with 3 poles attached to the fixed part. The electric motor having a structure in which the values of the angle 19 and the angle 20 are different.

With this structure, each of the three permanent magnets and each of the three coils has different rotation timings due to the positional relationship between the rotating parts, and the permanent magnets are different from each other in the timing of the force with which the coils attract the permanent magnets. During the rotation, a complicated driving torque fluctuation occurs, which becomes a pulsation.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 26, 150 of the coils 8 and 8 having 8 poles attached to the rotating portion are wider than 45 degrees when two poles are equally arranged at 360 degrees around the rotation axis. Permanently arranged at intervals of degrees, the remaining 6-pole coil 3 and coil 4 are arranged at an angle equal to the remaining angle of 210 degrees with the rotation axis as the center, and further arranged at the fixed part of the motor The magnet 1 and the permanent magnet 2 are 7 poles, and two of them are arranged at an interval of 180 degrees wider than the angle of about 52 degrees when the 7 poles are uniformly arranged at 360 degrees around the rotation axis, and the rest An electric motor having a structure in which a permanent magnet 1 and a permanent magnet 2 having a permanent magnet 1 and a permanent magnet 2 are attached at an equal angle in the remaining 180 degrees.

With this structure, it is possible to design an electric motor having a structure in which the number of poles of the permanent magnet 1 and the permanent magnet 2 generating the magnetic force necessary for rotation and the number of poles of the coil 1 and the coil 2 are increased. Further, the number of poles of the permanent magnet 1, the permanent magnet 2, the coil 1, and the coil 2 is not necessarily matched to the same number, and can be freely designed in order to optimally design the pulsation characteristics.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 27, when the coil 3 and the coil 4 having 7 poles attached to the rotating portion are arranged at 360 degrees around the rotation axis, the coil 3 and the coil 4 are arranged at an angle of about 7 degrees. Arranged at intervals of 180 degrees wider than 52 degrees, the remaining five-pole coils are arranged at intervals of 30 degrees with an angle equal to the range of 180 degrees remaining around the rotation axis, and the motor When the permanent magnet 1 and the permanent magnet 2 arranged in the fixed part of the magnet are combined into seven poles, and two of the permanent magnets 1 are equally arranged at 360 degrees around the rotation axis, the angle is about 52 degrees. The following is an example of a partial drive motor in which the remaining five-pole permanent magnet 1 and the permanent magnet 2 are arranged at an interval of 30 degrees which is an even angle in the remaining angle range of 180 degrees. Brushed DC with added content structure Electric motor with a structure of Ta.

As described above, the coil 3 and the coil 4 having 7 poles arranged at intervals of 30 degrees are arranged at equal intervals and are equivalent to the coils of a 12 pole motor, and are equivalent to a state in which 5 poles are not arranged. Auxiliary drive coil 38 and coil 39 that are not used when operating as a bias drive motor are arranged for the five poles.

As the auxiliary drive coil 38 and the auxiliary drive coil 39, a coil having a magnetic force equivalent to that of the bias drive motor is used for energization, and the coils 3 and 4 for the drive motor are powered by taking FIG. 28 as an example. When the auxiliary drive coil commutator 42 is prepared separately from the commutator 41 for supplying the power and the performance as the partial drive motor is required, the auxiliary drive coil 38 and the auxiliary drive coil 39 are supplied with power. Do not supply power but supply power individually only when necessary.

The permanent magnet 1 and the permanent magnet 2 having 7 poles arranged at intervals of 30 degrees are arranged at equal intervals and equivalent to the permanent magnets of a 12 pole motor, which is equivalent to a state in which 5 poles are not arranged. For this reason, auxiliary driving magnets 36 and auxiliary driving magnets 37 that are not used when operating as a bias driving motor are arranged for the five poles.

The auxiliary drive magnet 36 and the auxiliary drive magnet 37 use an electromagnet as a substitute for a permanent magnet, and use a method of energizing when not in use and de-energizing when not in use. When necessary, this magnet is not used while maintaining a state where no magnetic force is generated.

In addition to the auxiliary driving magnet 36 and the auxiliary driving magnet 37, a method of mechanically moving the permanent magnet away from the coil and removing it from the influence range of the magnetic force may be considered.

When the auxiliary drive magnet 36 and the auxiliary drive magnet 37 are used, the strength of the magnetic force applied to the rotating part coil and the auxiliary drive coil has the same magnetic force as the permanent magnet 1 and the permanent magnet 2.

In this way, the structure that has a coil and an electromagnet that can be switched between use and non-use in the bias drive motor normally functions as a bias drive motor, and when you want to operate as a normal electric motor rather than a bias drive motor Two types of motors can be designed that operate as normal electric motors.

As an example, even when it is difficult to start the motor from a state where it is stopped at the position where the driving force for rotation is the smallest, with this structure, it is possible to have the performance of easily starting the motor.

The present invention relates to an electric motor, particularly an electric motor for a two-wheeled vehicle.

1 Permanent magnet N pole 2 Permanent magnet S pole 3 Coil A
4 Coil B
5 Coil C
6 Coil D
8 Weak permanent magnet N pole 9 Weak permanent magnet S pole 10 No coil 11 Balancer.
12 Axis of rotation.
13 Coil part A
15 Coil part B
17 Commutator for coil part A
18 A commutator for coil part B.
23 Motor rotation axis.
24 Coil part A
26 Coil part B
28, commutator for coil part A.
29, commutator for coil part B.
30, graph value explanatory drawing, permanent magnet 1
31, graph value explanatory drawing, permanent magnet 2
32, graph value explanatory diagram, permanent magnet 3
33, graph value explanatory diagram, coil 1
34, graph value explanatory diagram, coil 2
35, graph value explanatory diagram, coil 3
36 Auxiliary electromagnet N pole 37 Auxiliary electromagnet S pole 38 Auxiliary coil A
39 Auxiliary coil B
40 Coil portion 41 Commutator for bias drive coil 42 Commutator for auxiliary drive coil

Claims (8)

        Having a plurality of coils arranged so that an angle between the coils arranged adjacent to one of the rotation axes is different by one or more places around the rotation axis, and adjacent to one of the rotation axes An electric motor having a plurality of permanent magnets arranged so that an angle between the permanent magnets and one or more places is different at one or more places.         A rotating part and a fixed part having a first block in which no coils are arranged, a second block in which plural coils are arranged, and a third block in which permanent magnets are not arranged and a fourth block in which plural permanent magnets are arranged. A first block having an angle range wider than an angle obtained by dividing 360 degrees of one rotation around the rotation axis by the number of poles of a plurality of coils arranged in the second block; A second block having a remaining angle range obtained by subtracting the angle range of the first block from a range of 360 degrees around the axis, and a plurality of blocks arranged at 360 degrees around the rotation axis in the fourth block. A third block having an angle range wider than the angle divided by the number of poles of the permanent magnet, and a remaining angle range obtained by subtracting the angle range of the third block from a range of 360 degrees around the rotation axis. And a fourth block. A first block in which only weak coils can be arranged arbitrarily and a second block in which plural coils are arranged, and a third block in which only weak magnets can be arranged arbitrarily and a fourth block in which plural permanent magnets are arranged An electric motor composed of a rotating part and a fixed part, and having a wider angle range than the angle divided by the number of poles of a plurality of coils arranged in a second block at 360 degrees per rotation around the rotation axis A second block having a remaining angle range obtained by subtracting the angle range of the first block from a range of 360 degrees around the rotation axis, and 360 degrees around the rotation axis. The third block having an angle range wider than the angle divided by the number of poles of the plurality of permanent magnets arranged in the fourth block, and the angle range of the third block from a range of 360 degrees around the rotation axis Deduct A fourth block having a remaining angular range, an electric motor that is characterized in that it consists of. The electric motor according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the weak coil is disposed in one of the block of the first block and the range of the empty area after the coil of the second block is disposed, or both of the blocks. The electric motor according to claim 2 or 3, wherein weak magnets are arranged in either one of the empty area after the third block and the permanent magnet of the fourth block are arranged, or both of the blocks. A weak coil is placed in one or both of the first block and the second block after placement of the coil, and the third block and the fourth block are placed after permanent magnet placement. The electric motor according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a weak magnet is arranged in one or both of the regions.         All the magnets attached to the fixed part, the brushes attached to the fixed part, all the coils attached to the rotating part, and the commutator attached to the rotating part, and the features of the electric motor according to claim 1-6 Electric motor with brushed DC motor structure. 7. A brushless DC motor having the characteristics of the electric motor according to claim 1 and having all the coils attached to the fixed part, the Hall element attached to the fixed part, and all the magnets attached to the rotating part. Electric motor.

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