JP5373332B2 - Thermoplastic film, method for producing the same, polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thermoplastic film having an inclined structure of large phase difference and causing no interference unevenness when used for a liquid crystal display. <P>SOLUTION: A thermoplastic film manufacturing method includes: a process of melt-extruding a composition containing thermoplastic resin, from a die; and a process of continuously clamping a melt-extruded molten material between a first clamping surface and a second clamping surface constituting a clamping device, to form the molten material in film shape. The temperature of both ends of the die is made higher by 1-50&deg;C than that of the center of the die, and the moving speed of the first clamping surface is made faster than that of the second clamping surface. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a thermoplastic film. The present invention also relates to a thermoplastic film produced by the production method, a polarizing plate having the thermoplastic film, and a liquid crystal display device.

  In recent years, various films have been developed with the rise of the liquid crystal display market. For example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose tilted retardation films.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a film in which, after a film is formed, a shearing force is applied to the film by passing the film between two rolls having different peripheral speeds, and the optical axis in the thickness direction of the film is inclined. And a method for producing the TN type liquid crystal display. However, the document 1 does not suggest application to a melt.
On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a film in which the melt extruded from a die during film formation is sandwiched between a metal-coated rubber roll and a metal roll, and the optical axis is inclined by giving a peripheral speed difference therebetween. Yes. In Patent Document 3, the melt extruded from a die during film formation is sandwiched between a metal roll whose surface is covered with rubber and a roll which is not covered with rubber, and the optical axis is inclined by giving a peripheral speed difference between them. Films are disclosed.

  However, the effect of optical compensation is not sufficient simply by using a film having an inclined optical axis for a liquid crystal display. For example, Patent Document 3 discloses an optical film in which the optical axis is inclined by 11.5 to 18.2 ° in the embodiment, but there is no description about the relationship between the optical axis inclination angle and the optical compensation of the liquid crystal display. Not. In addition, in order to perform optical compensation of a transmissive TN or ECB liquid crystal display or a transflective TN or ECB liquid crystal display, a tilt structure having a large phase difference until the retardation of the liquid crystal cell can be compensated. Large film was desired.

On the other hand, in the field of manufacturing a film having a large retardation structure, the temperature distribution of the die has not been studied so far, and such necessity has not been studied.
JP-A-6-22213 JP 2003-25414 A JP 2007-38646 A

When the present inventors used a film manufactured by the manufacturing method described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 in a liquid crystal display device, it was found that fine interference unevenness occurred when used in the liquid crystal display device.
In response to the novel problem, the present inventors have found that the number of scratches and bevels (buckling) is involved in the occurrence of interference unevenness. Furthermore, it has been found that the number of scratches and bends (buckling) can be reduced by improving the temperature distribution of the die of a film having a large retardation structure. As a result, it has been found that a thermoplastic film having an inclined structure with a large retardation and capable of suppressing the occurrence of fine interference unevenness when used in a liquid crystal display device can be produced.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a thermoplastic film having a tilt structure with a large retardation and causing no interference unevenness when used in a liquid crystal display device.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have completed the present invention described below.
[1] A step of melt-extruding a composition containing a thermoplastic resin from a die, and continuously pressing the melt-extruded melt between a first clamping surface and a second clamping surface constituting a clamping device. And forming the film into a film, wherein the temperature at both ends of the die is 1 to 50 ° C. higher than the temperature at the center of the die, and the moving speed of the first pressing surface is set to the first A method for producing a thermoplastic film, characterized in that the speed is higher than the moving speed of the two clamping surfaces.
[2] In the step of continuously pressing the melt-extruded melt between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface constituting the clamping device to form a film, the clamping devices are The method for producing a film according to [1], wherein the two rolls have different peripheral speeds.
[3] In [1] or [2], the difference in moving speed between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface of the clamping device defined by the following formula (A) is 1 to 40%. The manufacturing method of the film of description.
Formula (A)
Difference in moving speed (%) = 100 × {(moving speed of first pressing surface) − (moving speed of second pressing surface)}
/ (Moving speed of the first clamping surface)
[4] The method for producing a thermoplastic film according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein a pressure applied to the melt by the clamping device is 30 to 500 kgf / cm.
[5] The method for producing a thermoplastic film according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the film is formed with a film width of 1 to 4 m and a film forming speed of 10 to 50 m / min. .
[6] The method for producing a thermoplastic film according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein a metal roll having a thickness of 6 to 45 mm is used as a touch roll.
[7] A thermoplastic film having scratches of 10 μm to 1 mm of 0.001 to 10 places / 10 m ² and satisfying the following formulas (I) and (II).
50 nm ≦ Re [0 °] ≦ 300 nm (I) Formula (In the formula (I), Re [0 °] is the front direction at a wavelength of 550 nm measured from the normal line in the plane including the film tilt direction and the film normal line. Represents retardation.)
40 nm ≦ γ ≦ 300 nm (II) Formula γ = | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] | Formula (II ′)
(In the formulas (II) and (II ′), Re [+ 40 °] represents retardation in the front direction measured from a direction inclined + 40 ° with respect to the normal, and Re [−40 °] represents the normal. Represents the retardation in the front direction measured from a direction tilted by −40 ° with respect to the film, where “the direction tilted by θ ° from the film normal” refers to the film surface direction by θ ° from the normal direction to the tilt direction. It is the direction inclined to
[8] The thermoplastic film according to [7], wherein the thickness is 10 to 90 μm.
[9] The thermoplastic film as described in [7] or [8], wherein retardation Rth in the thickness direction is 40 to 300 nm.
[10] The heat according to any one of [7] to [9], wherein the thermoplastic film is a cyclic olefin resin, a polycarbonate resin, an acrylic resin, or a cellulose acylate resin. Plastic film.
[11] A thermoplastic film produced by the method according to any one of [1] to [6].
[12] A thermoplastic film, wherein the thermoplastic film according to any one of [7] to [11] is stretched 1.05 to 4 times in at least one direction.
[13] A polarizing plate using at least one thermoplastic film according to any one of [7] to [12].
[14] A liquid crystal display device using at least one thermoplastic film according to any one of [7] to [12].

  When the thermoplastic film of the present invention is used in a liquid crystal display device, it is possible to achieve good visual characteristics without causing uneven interference. Moreover, since it has a tilt structure with a large phase difference, the effect of optical compensation when used in a liquid crystal display device is sufficient.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. In the present specification, a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value. In the present specification, the “film longitudinal direction” means the MD (machine direction) direction.
In addition, the “thermoplastic film of the present invention” may be referred to as “the film of the present invention”, and the “manufacturing method of the thermoplastic film of the present invention” may be referred to as “the manufacturing method of the present invention”.

[Thermoplastic film]
The thermoplastic film of the present invention is characterized in that it has an inclined structure with a large retardation, and when it is used in a liquid crystal display device, interference unevenness does not occur and good visual characteristics can be achieved. Hereinafter, the thermoplastic film of the present invention will be described.

(scratch)
The film of the present invention has a scratch of 10 μm to 1 mm at 0.001 to 10 spots / 10 m ² . Preferably it is 0.005-1 place / 10m < ² >, More preferably, it is 0.01-0.1 place / 10m < ² >. When these scratches become uneven and are incorporated into a liquid crystal display panel, a slight gap is generated between the glass on both sides of the liquid crystal layer, which causes uneven interference. If the scratches of 10 μm to 1 mm are 10 locations / 10 m ² or less, a gap is less likely to be generated when incorporated in a liquid crystal display panel, so that interference unevenness does not become obvious. The present invention is characterized in that it has been found that such an abrasion appears remarkably when passing through rolls having different peripheral speed differences.
On the other hand, if the scratch of 10 μm to 1 mm is 0.001 / 10 mm ² or more, it is difficult for the film to stagnate when the film is wound on a roll, and the film is buckled by the expansion and contraction stress accompanying the temperature change. Bevel (hereinafter also referred to as buckling) does not occur, and flatness is improved, so that occurrence of interference unevenness can be suppressed. Here, in addition to being visually observed, there are a large number of minute marks that cannot be visually observed. If these bevels are present, a slight gap is generated when the film is incorporated into the liquid crystal display panel, which causes interference unevenness. The present invention finds that interference unevenness does not occur as many as the number of bevels observed visually, but there are many minute bevels proportional to the number of interference unevenness, and the idea of suppressing the occurrence of bevels is found. There is a feature in the point that I came up with. Number of occurrences of the Beco is preferably 0-6 / 10 m ^2, more preferably from 0 to 3/10 m ^2, particularly preferably from 0 to 1/10 m ^2.

(In-plane retardation Re)
The film of the present invention contains a thermoplastic resin, and has a retardation Re [0 °] at a wavelength of 550 nm measured from the normal, in a plane including the film tilt direction and the film normal, and the normal The retardation Re [+ 40 °] at a wavelength of 550 nm measured from a direction inclined by + 40 ° and the retardation Re [−40 °] at a wavelength of 550 nm measured from a direction inclined by −40 ° with respect to the normal line are as follows: It is characterized by satisfying both formula (I) and formula (II).
50 nm ≦ Re [0 °] ≦ 300 nm Formula (I)
40 nm ≦ γ ≦ 300 nm Formula (II)
γ = | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] | Formula (II ′)

  In this specification, the “direction inclined by θ ° from the film normal” is defined as a direction inclined in the film surface direction by θ ° from the normal direction to the inclination direction. That is, the normal direction of the film surface is a direction with an inclination angle of 0 °, and an arbitrary direction within the film surface is a direction with an inclination angle of 90 °.

The film of the present invention preferably satisfies both the following formulas (III) and (IV).
70 nm ≦ Re [0 °] ≦ 250 nm Formula (III)
60 nm ≦ γ ≦ 250 nm Formula (IV)
More preferably, both of the following formulas (V) and (VI) are satisfied.
100 nm ≦ Re [0 °] ≦ 200 nm Formula (V)
80 nm ≦ γ ≦ 180 nm Formula (VI)

  Here, a large γ means that Re is different between right and left when viewed from an oblique direction, that is, an inclined structure is formed in the film when viewed from the thickness direction. This tilt structure complements the liquid crystal alignment in the liquid crystal display device and has the effect of improving the viewing angle. If γ is 40 to 300 nm, the viewing angle when incorporated in a liquid crystal display device is improved, which is preferable. Here, if there is no region where the viewing angle is reduced, that is, there is no region where the image is difficult to see due to a decrease in contrast when observed from an oblique direction, such interference unevenness becomes difficult to be visually recognized. For this reason, the visibility of interference unevenness can be reduced by setting the above range, which is preferable.

  By setting the retardation Re [0 °] in the front direction to 50 to 300 nm, more preferably 70 to 250 nm, and even more preferably 100 to 200 nm, the viewing angle when incorporated in a liquid crystal display device is improved. In the same way as in the case of the above, it is preferable to make the above-mentioned range the visibility of the black display unevenness.

  A film having γ, Re [0 °] and Rth in the above preferred ranges can be produced by the production method of the present invention described later. In addition, when the optical film having the preferable optical characteristics is used for optical compensation of a liquid crystal display such as a TN mode, an ECB mode, and an OCB mode, it contributes to an improvement in viewing angle characteristics and achieves a wide viewing angle. be able to.

  The variation in γ and Re [0 °] appears as interference unevenness when used in a liquid crystal display. Therefore, the variation is preferably as small as possible. Specifically, it is preferably within ± 3 nm, and ± 1 nm. More preferably, it is within. Similarly, the variation in the angle of the slow axis also causes interference unevenness. Therefore, the variation is preferably as small as possible, specifically within ± 1 °, and preferably within ± 0.5 °. It is more preferable that the angle is within ± 0.25 °.

The optical characteristic value can be measured by the following method.
In the present invention, Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °] of the film are measured using KOBRA 21ADH or WR (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.). , The phase difference at an inclination angle of 0 °, the phase difference at an inclination angle of 40 degrees, and the phase difference at an inclination angle of −40 degrees were measured.
Here, the inclination direction was determined by the following method.
(1) The slow axis direction in the film plane is 0 °, the fast axis direction in the film plane is 90 °, and the temporary tilt direction is set in increments of 0.1 ° between 0 ° and 90 °.
(2) Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °] are measured in a plane including each provisional tilt direction and the film normal to obtain | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] |.
(3) The direction in which | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] | is maximized is determined as the tilt direction.
The measurement wavelength is 550 nm. Note that a film made of a general thermoplastic resin by a melt film forming method has a value of | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] | ≈0 nm regardless of the orientation. That is, when | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] | is measured in the tilt direction, it is a feature of the film of the present invention that a phase difference of 0 nm or more is expressed.
In addition, variations in Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °], and Re [−40 °] can be measured by the following method. Sampling is performed at any 10 or more positions on the film surface 2 mm or more away from each other, and Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °] are measured by the above method. The difference in value is defined as the variation of Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °], and Re [−40 °].
Further, the slow axis and the variation of Rth described later are measured in the same manner.

(Retardation Rth in film thickness direction)
The film of the present invention preferably has a retardation in the film thickness direction of 40 to 300 nm, more preferably 50 nm to 200 nm, and particularly preferably 50 nm to 150 nm. Rth of 40 to 300 nm is preferable because the viewing angle when incorporated in a liquid crystal display device is improved. Here, if there is no region where the viewing angle is reduced, that is, there is no region where the contrast is lowered and the image is difficult to see when observed from an oblique direction, the interference unevenness becomes difficult to be visually recognized. For this reason, the visibility of the interference unevenness can be lowered by setting the above range, which is preferable.

式中、Ｒｅ（θ）は法線方向から角度θ傾斜した方向におけるレターデーション値をあらわす。また、数式（Ｂ）中のβは、屈折率楕円体が一様傾斜したことを仮定した場合の傾斜角度を表し、傾斜型位相差フィルムの構造を単純に把握するときに使用される。
上記の測定において、平均屈折率の仮定値は、ポリマーハンドブック（ＪＯＨＮ ＷＩＬＥＹ＆ＳＯＮＳ，ＩＮＣ）、各種光学補償フィルムのカタログの値を使用することができる。また、平均屈折率の値が既知でないものについては、アッベ屈折計で測定することができる。主な光学補償フィルムの平均屈折率の値を以下に例示する：セルロースアシレート（１．４８）、シクロオレフィンポリマー（１．５２）、ポリカーボネート（１．５９）、ポリメチルメタクリレート（１．４９）、ポリスチレン（１．５９）である。 Assuming that the refractive index ellipsoid is uniformly inclined by β °, the Rth is calculated by numerically calculating the refractive indexes nx, ny, and nz of each direction of the refractive index ellipsoid, and substituting them into the following formula (A): Can be sought.
Rth = ((nx + ny) / 2−nz) × d Formula (A)
In the film of the present invention, ny is the refractive index in the film width direction. nx is the refractive index in the direction in which the projection component on the x-axis of the film is larger than the projection component on the z-axis, and nz is the refractive index in the direction in which the projection component on the z-axis is larger than the projection component on the x-axis.
The method for obtaining nx, ny, and nz is described in the technical data of Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd. (http://www.oji-keisoku.co.jp/products/kobra/kobra.html). For example, it is possible to calculate from the values of Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °], the value of average refractive index n _ave , and the film thickness value d using the following formula (B). I can do it.

In the formula, Re (θ) represents a retardation value in a direction inclined by an angle θ from the normal direction. In addition, β in the mathematical formula (B) represents an inclination angle when it is assumed that the refractive index ellipsoid is uniformly inclined, and is used when the structure of the inclined retardation film is simply grasped.
In the above measurement, as the assumed value of the average refractive index, the values in the polymer handbook (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) and catalogs of various optical compensation films can be used. Moreover, about the thing whose average refractive index value is not known, it can measure with an Abbe refractometer. The average refractive index values of the main optical compensation films are exemplified below: cellulose acylate (1.48), cycloolefin polymer (1.52), polycarbonate (1.59), polymethyl methacrylate (1.49) Polystyrene (1.59).

(Film thickness)
The film thickness of the film of the present invention is preferably 10 to 90 μm, more preferably 20 μm to 80 μm, and particularly preferably 25 μm to 70 μm. If the film thickness is 90 μm or less, the flexural elasticity of the film does not become too high, and the film is sufficiently wrapped with the roll during roll conveyance, so that scratches are reduced. On the other hand, if it is 10 μm or more, the flexural elasticity does not become too weak, and it is difficult for fluttering to occur due to air entrained during conveyance, and it is preferable that scratches caused by this hardly occur. By reducing the scratches generated on the film in this way, it is preferable that a gap due to the scratches is not easily formed when incorporated in a liquid crystal display device, and uneven interference is less likely to occur.

(Thermoplastic resin)
The thermoplastic resin used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned optical characteristics. However, when it is produced using a melt extrusion method, it is preferable to use a material having good melt extrusion moldability. In, polyolefins such as cyclic olefin resins, cellulose acylate resins, polycarbonate resins, polyesters, transparent polyethylene, transparent polypropylene, polyarylates, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, maleimide copolymers, transparent It is preferable to select nylons, transparent fluororesins, transparent phenoxys, polyetherimides, polystyrenes, acrylic resins, and styrene resins. One kind of the resin may be contained, or two or more kinds of the resins different from each other may be contained. The film of the present invention preferably contains at least one of a cyclic olefin resin, a cellulose acylate resin, a polycarbonate resin, a styrene resin, and an acrylic resin, and the thermoplastic film is a cyclic olefin resin or a polycarbonate. It is more preferable that the resin is an acrylic resin, an acrylic resin, or a cellulose acylate resin. The cyclic olefins are preferably cyclic olefins obtained by addition polymerization.

In particular, when a cellulose acylate resin, a cyclic olefin resin, and a polycarbonate resin exhibiting positive intrinsic birefringence are subjected to shear deformation with two rolls, the slow axis faces the tilt direction, and | Re [ + 40 °] −Re [−40 °] |> 0 film can be produced. For example, when two rolls are arranged in parallel to the die exit, the tilt direction is the same as the film longitudinal direction.
Also, acrylic resin and styrene resin exhibiting negative intrinsic birefringence, when the above processing is performed, the fast axis is directed to the tilt direction, and | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] | > 0 films can be created.

  When the film of the present invention is applied to a liquid crystal display device as a viewing angle compensation film, the positive or negative intrinsic birefringent resin is appropriately used in consideration of the characteristics of the liquid crystal display device and the convenience of polarizing plate processing. You can select and use.

Examples of the cyclic olefin resin that can be used in the present invention include a norbornene resin obtained by polymerization of a norbornene compound. Further, it may be a resin obtained by any polymerization method of ring-opening polymerization and addition polymerization.
Examples of the addition polymerization and the cyclic olefin-based resin obtained thereby include, for example, Japanese Patent No. 3517471, Japanese Patent No. 3559360, Japanese Patent No. 3867178, Japanese Patent No. 3871721, Japanese Patent No. 3907908, Japanese Patent No. 3945598, Special Table 2005 No. 527696, JP-A-2006-28993, JP-A-2006-11361, International Publication WO2006 / 004376, International Publication WO2006 / 0307077. Among these, those described in Japanese Patent No. 3517471 are particularly preferable.
Examples of the ring-opening polymerization and the cyclic olefin-based resin obtained thereby include International Publication WO 98/98499 pamphlet, Japanese Patent No. 30605532, Japanese Patent No. 3320478, Japanese Patent No. 3273046, Japanese Patent No. 3404027, Japanese Patent No. 3428176. , Japanese Patent No. 3687231, Japanese Patent No. 3873934, and Japanese Patent No. 3912159. Among these, those described in International Publication WO 98/14499 pamphlet and Japanese Patent No. 30605532 are particularly preferable.
Among these cyclic olefin-based resins, those obtained by addition polymerization are preferable from the viewpoint of the expression of birefringence and the melt viscosity. For example, “TOPAS # 6013” (manufactured by Polyplastics) can be used.

  Examples of the cellulose acylate resin that can be used in the present invention include any cellulose acylate in which three hydroxyl groups in a cellulose unit are at least partially substituted with an acyl group. The acyl group (preferably an acyl group having 3 to 22 carbon atoms) may be either an aliphatic acyl group or an aromatic acyl group. Among them, cellulose acylate having an aliphatic acyl group is preferable, those having an aliphatic acyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms are more preferable, those having an aliphatic acyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms are more preferable, and carbon number More preferably has 3 to 5 aliphatic acyl groups. A plurality of these acyl groups may be present in one molecule. Examples of preferred acyl groups include acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl and the like. Among these, a cellulose acylate having one or more selected from an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butyryl group is more preferable, and an even more preferable one has both an acetyl group and a propionyl group. Cellulose acylate (CAP). The CAP is preferable in terms of easy resin synthesis and high stability of extrusion molding.

When producing a film by the melt extrusion method including the production method of the present invention, the cellulose acylate used preferably satisfies the following formulas (S-1) and (S-2). Cellulose acylate satisfying the following formula has a low melting temperature and improved meltability, and is therefore excellent in melt extrusion film formation.
Formula (S-1) 2.0 ≦ X + Y ≦ 3.0
Formula (S-2) 0.25 <= Y <= 3.0
In the formulas (S-1) and (S-2), X represents the degree of substitution of the acetyl group with respect to the hydroxyl group of cellulose, and Y represents the sum of the degree of substitution of the acyl group with respect to the hydroxyl group of cellulose. The “degree of substitution” in the present specification means the total of the ratio of substitution of hydrogen atoms of hydroxyl groups at the 2-position, 3-position and 6-position of cellulose. When the hydrogen atoms of all hydroxyl groups at the 2nd, 3rd and 6th positions are substituted with acyl groups, the degree of substitution is 3.
Furthermore, it is more preferable to use a cellulose acylate that satisfies the following formulas (S-3) and (S-4).
Formula (S-3) 2.3 ≦ X + Y ≦ 2.95
Formula (S-4) 1.0 ≦ Y ≦ 2.95
It is more preferable to use a cellulose acylate that satisfies the following formulas (S-5) and (S-6).
Formula (S-5) 2.7 ≦ X + Y ≦ 2.95
Formula (S-6) 2.0 ≦ Y ≦ 2.9

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular about the mass average polymerization degree and number average molecular weight of a cellulose acylate-type resin. In general, the mass average degree of polymerization is about 350 to 800, and the number average molecular weight is about 70000 to 230,000. The cellulose acylate resin can be synthesized using an acid anhydride or acid chloride as an acylating agent. In the industrially most general synthesis method, cellulose obtained from cotton linter, wood pulp, etc. is converted into organic acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid) corresponding to acetyl groups and other acyl groups, or their acid anhydrides (anhydrous anhydride). A cellulose ester is synthesized by esterification with a mixed organic acid component containing acetic acid, propionic anhydride, and butyric anhydride). As a method for synthesizing cellulose acylate satisfying the above formulas (S-1) and (S-2), the technical report of the Japan Society of Invention (Public Technical Number 2001-1745, published on March 15, 2001, Japan Society of Invention) 7 Pp. 12 to 12, JP-A-2006-45500, JP-A-2006-241433, JP-A-2007-138141, JP-A-2001-188128, JP-A-2006-142800, JP-A-2007. Reference can be made to the method described in Japanese Patent No. 98917.

  Examples of polycarbonate resins that can be used in the present invention include polycarbonate resins having a bisphenol A skeleton, which are obtained by reacting a dihydroxy component and a carbonate precursor by an interfacial polymerization method or a melt polymerization method. JP-A-2006-277914, JP-A-2006-106386, and JP-A-2006-284703 can be preferably used. For example, “Taflon MD1500” (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) can be used as a commercial product.

The styrenic resin that can be used in the present invention refers to a resin obtained by polymerizing styrene and derivatives thereof as a main component, and copolymers of other resins, and is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. A known styrene-based thermoplastic resin can be used, and a copolymer resin that can improve birefringence, film strength, and heat resistance is particularly preferable.
Examples of the copolymer resin include styrene-acrylonitrile resins, styrene-acrylic resins, styrene-maleic anhydride resins, and multi-component (binary, ternary, etc.) copolymer polymers thereof. Among these, a styrene-maleic anhydride resin is preferable from the viewpoint of film strength.
In the styrene-maleic anhydride resin, the mass composition ratio of styrene and maleic anhydride is preferably styrene: maleic anhydride = 95: 5 to 50:50, and styrene: maleic anhydride = 90: 10. More preferably, it is ˜70: 30. In order to adjust the intrinsic birefringence, hydrogenation of a styrene resin can be preferably used.
Examples of the styrene-maleic anhydride resin include “Daylark D332” manufactured by Nova Chemical Co., Ltd.

The acrylic resin that can be used in the present invention refers to a resin obtained by polymerizing acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and derivatives thereof as main components, and further derivatives thereof, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It does not specifically limit, A well-known methacrylic acid type thermoplastic resin etc. can be used.
Examples of the resin obtained by polymerizing acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and derivatives thereof include those having a structure represented by the following general formula (1).

前記一般式（１）中、Ｒ¹およびＲ²は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または炭素数１〜２０の有機残基を示す。有機残基とは、具体的には、炭素数１〜２０の直鎖状、分枝鎖状、もしくは環状のアルキル基を示す。

In the general formula (1), R ¹ and R ² each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The organic residue specifically represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Specific examples of resins obtained by polymerizing the acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and derivatives thereof include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acrylic. N-butyl acid, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, n-hexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-chloroethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxy (meth) acrylate Propyl, 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyexyl (meth) acrylate and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl (meth) acrylate are preferred, and in terms of excellent thermal stability (meta ) Methyl acrylate (hereinafter also referred to as MMA) is more preferable. Among these, only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together. Further, among these, it may be a single polymer, a copolymer of two or more, or a copolymer of other resins, but from the viewpoint of increasing the glass transition temperature, Particularly preferred is a copolymer with a resin.
Among the acrylic copolymer resins, those containing 30 mol% or more of MMA units (monomer) in all monomers constituting the resin are preferable. In addition to MMA, lactone ring units, maleic anhydride units, glutaric anhydrides More preferably, at least one unit of units is included, and for example, the following can be used.

(1) Acrylic resin containing a lactone ring unit JP 2007-297615 A, JP 2007-63541 A, JP 2007-70607 A, JP 2007-100044 A, JP 2007-254726 A, JP 2007-254727 A , JP 2007-261265, JP 2007-293272, JP 2007-297619, JP 2007-316366, JP 2008-9378, and JP 2008-76764. Can be used. Among these, the resin described in JP-A-2008-9378 is more preferable.
(2) Acrylic resin containing maleic anhydride unit JP 2007-113109 A, JP 2003-292714 A, JP 6-279546 A, JP 2007-51233 A (described here), JP JP-A-2001-270905, JP-A-2002-167694, JP-A-2000-302988, JP-A-2007-111110, JP-A-2007-11565 can be used. Among these, the one described in JP 2007-113109 A is more preferable. A commercially available maleic acid-modified MAS resin (for example, Delpet 980N manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation) can also be preferably used.
(3) Acrylic resin containing glutaric anhydride unit JP-A-2006-241263, JP-A-2004-70290, JP-A-2004-70296, JP-A-2004-126546, JP-A-2004-163924, JP-A-2004 -291302, JP-A-2004-292812, JP-A-2005-314534, JP-A-2005-326613, JP-A-2005-331728, JP-A-2006-131898, JP-A-2006-134882, JP-A-2006- 206881, JP 2006-241197, JP 2006-283013, JP 2007-118266, JP 2007-176982, JP 2007-178504, JP 2007-197703, JP 2008-74918. No., International Publication WO2005 / 105 The thing of each 918 gazette can be used. Among these, those described in JP-A-2008-74918 are more preferable.
The glass transition temperature (Tg) of these resins is preferably 106 ° C to 170 ° C, more preferably 110 ° C to 160 ° C, still more preferably 115 ° C to 150 ° C.

Among these, the thermoplastic resin is preferably a cyclic olefin resin, more preferably a norbornene resin from the viewpoint of high transparency, birefringence and heat resistance, and an addition polymerization type norbornene. It is particularly preferable that the resin is a series resin.
In addition, when the thermoplastic resin is a copolymer, it may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer.

(Additive)
The film of the present invention may contain a material other than the thermoplastic resin, but contains one or more of the thermoplastic resins as a main component (the highest content ratio among all the materials in the composition). In the aspect which means material and contains 2 or more types of the said resin, it is preferable to contain as the content ratio of those sum total being higher than the content rate of each other material. Examples of materials other than the thermoplastic resin include various additives, and examples thereof include a stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, a plasticizer, fine particles, and an optical adjusting agent.

Stabilizer:
The film of the present invention may contain at least one stabilizer. The stabilizer is preferably added before or when the thermoplastic resin is heated and melted. The stabilizer has effects such as preventing oxidation of the film constituting material, capturing an acid generated by decomposition, and suppressing or inhibiting a decomposition reaction caused by radical species caused by light or heat. Stabilizers are useful for suppressing the occurrence of alterations such as coloring and molecular weight reduction and the generation of volatile components due to various decomposition reactions including unresolved decomposition reactions. Even at the melting temperature for forming a resin film, the stabilizer itself is required to function without being decomposed. Typical examples of stabilizers include phenol-based stabilizers, phosphorous acid-based stabilizers (phosphite-based), thioether-based stabilizers, amine-based stabilizers, epoxy-based stabilizers, and lactone-based stabilizers. Stabilizers, amine stabilizers, metal deactivators (tin stabilizers) and the like are included. These are described in JP-A-3-199201, JP-A-5-1907073, JP-A-5-194789, JP-A-5-271471, JP-A-6-107854, and the like. Then, it is preferable to use at least one or more of a phenol-based or phosphorous acid-based stabilizer. Among phenolic stabilizers, it is particularly preferable to add a phenolic stabilizer having a molecular weight of 500 or more. Preferable phenolic stabilizers include hindered phenolic stabilizers.

  These materials are readily available as commercial products and are sold by the following manufacturers. From Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Irganox 1076, Irganox 1010, Irganox 3113, Irganox 245, Irganox 1135, Irganox 1330, Irganox 259, Irganox 565, Irganx 565, Irganx 565, Ir35x10 Moreover, it can obtain from Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. as ADK STAB AO-50, ADK STAB AO-60, ADK STAB AO-20, ADK STAB AO-70, and ADK STAB AO-80. Furthermore, from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., it can obtain as Sumilizer BP-76, Sumilizer BP-101, Sumilizer GA-80. In addition, it is also possible to obtain as Sinox 326M and Sinox 336B from Sipro Kasei Co., Ltd.

  Moreover, as said phosphorous acid type stabilizer, the compound as described in [0023]-[0039] of Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2004-182979 can be used more preferably. Specific examples of the phosphite ester stabilizer include JP-A-51-70316, JP-A-10-306175, JP-A-57-78431, JP-A-54-157159, Examples thereof include compounds described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 55-13765. Furthermore, as other stabilizers, the materials described in detail on pages 17 to 22 of the Japan Institute of Invention Disclosure Bulletin (Public Technical No. 2001-1745, issued March 15, 2001, Japan Society of Invention) are preferably used. be able to.

  The phosphite stabilizer is useful to have a high molecular weight in order to maintain stability at high temperature, has a molecular weight of 500 or more, more preferably a molecular weight of 550 or more, and particularly a molecular weight of 600 or more. Is preferred. Furthermore, at least one substituent is preferably an aromatic ester group. The phosphite ester stabilizer is preferably a triester, and is desirably free of impurities such as phosphoric acid, monoester and diester. When these impurities are present, the content is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and particularly 2% by mass or less. These include compounds described in [0023] to [0039] of JP-A No. 2004-182979, JP-A-51-70316, JP-A-10-306175, JP-A-57. The compounds described in JP-A-78431, JP-A-54-157159, and JP-A-55-13765 can also be mentioned. Preferable specific examples of the phosphite ester stabilizer include the following compounds, but the phosphite ester stabilizer that can be used in the present invention is not limited thereto.

  These are commercially available from Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. as ADK STAB 1178, 2112, PEP-8, PEP-24G, PEP-36G, HP-10, and Sandostab P-EPQ from Clariant. Is possible. Furthermore, a stabilizer having phenol and phosphite in the same molecule is also preferably used. These compounds are further described in detail in JP-A-10-273494. Examples of the compounds are included in the examples of the stabilizer, but are not limited thereto. As a typical commercial product, Sumitizer GP is available from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. These are commercially available from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. as Sumilizer TPL, TPM, TPS, TDP. Also available from Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. as ADK STAB AO-412S.

  The stabilizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the blending amount thereof is appropriately selected within a range not impairing the object of the present invention. Preferably, the addition amount of the stabilizer is preferably 0.001 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.005 to 3% by mass, and still more preferably 0.01 to 0% with respect to the mass of the thermoplastic resin. 0.8% by mass.

UV absorber:
The film of this invention may contain the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of ultraviolet absorber. From the viewpoint of preventing deterioration, the ultraviolet absorbent is preferably excellent in the ability to absorb ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 380 nm or less and has little absorption of visible light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more from the viewpoint of transparency. Examples include oxybenzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, benzophenone compounds, cyanoacrylate compounds, nickel complex compounds, and the like. Particularly preferred ultraviolet absorbers are benzotriazole compounds and benzophenone compounds. Among these, a benzotriazole-based compound is preferable because unnecessary coloring with respect to the cellulose mixed ester is small. These are disclosed in JP-A-60-235852, JP-A-3-199201, 5-1907073, 5-194789, 5-271471, 6-107854, 6-118233, 6 -148430, 7-11056, 7-11055, 7-11056, 8-29619, 8-239509, and JP-A-2000-204173.
The addition amount of the ultraviolet absorber is preferably 0.01 to 2% by mass of the thermoplastic resin, and more preferably 0.01 to 1.5% by mass.

Light stabilizer:
The film of the present invention may contain one or more light stabilizers. Light stabilizers include hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) compounds, more specifically, US Pat. No. 4,619,956, columns 5-11 and US Pat. No. 4,839. 2,405, 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine compounds, or their acid addition salts or complexes of them with metal compounds. These are commercially available from Asahi Denka as ADK STAB LA-57, LA-52, LA-67, LA-62, LA-77, and TINUVIN 765, 144 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals. .

  These hindered amine light stabilizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. These hindered amine light stabilizers may of course be used in combination with additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers, UV absorbers, etc., or may be introduced into a part of the molecular structure of these additives. Good. The blending amount is determined within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention, and is generally about 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 0.02 to 15 parts per 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin. About mass parts, and particularly preferably about 0.05 to 10 mass parts. The light stabilizing agent may be added at any stage of preparing the melt of the thermoplastic resin composition, for example, at the end of the melt preparation process.

Plasticizer:
The film of the present invention may contain a plasticizer. The addition of a plasticizer is preferable from the viewpoint of film modification such as improvement of mechanical properties, imparting flexibility, imparting water absorption resistance, and reducing moisture permeability. In addition, when the film of the present invention is produced by a melt film-forming method, for the purpose of lowering the melting temperature of the film constituting material by adding a plasticizer rather than the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin used, or without addition Will be added for the purpose of lowering the viscosity at the same heating temperature than the other thermoplastic resins. For the film of the present invention, for example, a plasticizer selected from phosphoric acid ester derivatives and carboxylic acid ester derivatives is preferably used. Further, a polymer obtained by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 described in JP-A No. 2003-12859, an acrylic polymer, an acrylic polymer having an aromatic ring in the side chain, or cyclohexyl An acrylic polymer having a group in the side chain is also preferably used.

Fine particles:
The film of the present invention may contain fine particles. Examples of the fine particles include fine particles of inorganic compounds and fine particles of organic compounds, and any of them may be used. The average primary particle size of the fine particles contained in the thermoplastic resin in the present invention is preferably 5 nm to 3 μm, more preferably 5 nm to 2.5 μm, more preferably 10 nm to 2.0 μm from the viewpoint of keeping haze low. More preferably. Here, the average primary particle size of the fine particles is determined by observing the thermoplastic resin with a transmission electron microscope (magnification of 500,000 to 1,000,000 times) and determining the average value of the primary particle sizes of 100 particles. The addition amount of the fine particles is preferably 0.005 to 1.0% by mass with respect to the thermoplastic resin, more preferably 0.01 to 0.8% by mass, and further preferably 0.02 to 0%. 4% by mass.

Optical adjusting agent:
The film of the present invention may contain an optical adjusting agent. Examples of the optical adjusting agent include a retardation adjusting agent, for example, those described in JP-A Nos. 2001-166144, 2003-344655, 2003-248117, and 2003-66230. Can be used. By adding an optical adjusting agent, in-plane retardation (Re) and thickness direction retardation (Rth) can be controlled. A preferable addition amount is 0 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0 to 8% by mass, and further preferably 0 to 6% by mass.

[Film Production Method]
The method for producing a film of the present invention includes a step of melt-extruding a composition containing a thermoplastic resin from a die, and a first pinching surface constituting a pinching device for the melt-extruded melt (hereinafter also referred to as melt) And a step of forming a film by continuously pressing between the second clamping surface, and the temperature of both ends of the die is 1 ° C. to 50 ° C. from the temperature at the center of the die The moving speed of the first pressing surface is made higher than the moving speed of the second pressing surface. Examples of the clamping device having different speeds on the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface include, for example, a combination of two rolls having different peripheral speeds, and rolls having different speeds described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-219752. Examples include a combination of touch belts (single-sided belt method), a combination of belts and belts (double-sided belt method), and the like. Among these, from the viewpoint of being able to apply a high pressure of 30 to 500 kgf / cm uniformly and from the viewpoint of the expression of the inclined structure, it is preferable that the two rolls have different peripheral speeds. The roll pressure can be measured by passing a pressure measurement film (such as a prescale for medium pressure by Fuji Film) through two rolls.
Hereinafter, the film production method of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as the production method of the present invention) will be described in detail.

(Melt extrusion)
In the production method of the present invention, first, a composition containing a thermoplastic resin (sometimes referred to as a “thermoplastic resin composition”) is melt-extruded. Prior to melt extrusion, the thermoplastic resin composition is preferably pelletized. Commercially available thermoplastic resins (for example, TOPAS # 6013, Toughlon MD1500, Delpet 980N, DayLark D332, etc.) may be pelletized, but if not pelletized, the following method may be used. it can.
The thermoplastic resin composition is dried, melted at 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. using a twin-screw kneading extruder, and then extruded into noodles, and solidified in air or water and cut. Further, after melting by an extruder, it can be pelletized by an underwater cutting method in which it is cut while being directly extruded from a die into water. Extruders used for pelletization include single screw extruders, non-meshing different direction rotating twin screw extruders, meshing different direction rotating twin screw extruders, and meshing same direction rotating twin screw extruders. Etc. can be used. The number of revolutions of the extruder is preferably 10 rpm to 1000 rpm, more preferably 20 rpm to 700 rpm. The extrusion residence time is 10 seconds to 10 minutes, more preferably 20 seconds to 5 minutes.
No particular limitation is imposed on the size of the pellets is generally about 10mm ³ ~1000mm ^3, more preferably about 30 mm ³ 500 mm ^3.

  It is preferred to reduce the moisture in the pellets prior to melt extrusion. A preferable drying temperature is 40 to 200 ° C, more preferably 60 to 150 ° C. Thereby, the moisture content is preferably 1.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.1% by mass or less. Drying may be performed in air, nitrogen, or vacuum.

  Next, the dried pellets are supplied into the cylinder through the supply port of the extruder, and are kneaded and melted. The inside of the cylinder is composed of, for example, a supply unit, a compression unit, and a measurement unit in order from the supply port side. The screw compression ratio of the extruder is preferably 1.5 to 4.5, the ratio of the cylinder length to the cylinder inner diameter (L / D) is preferably 20 to 70, and the cylinder inner diameter is preferably 30 mm to 150 mm. The extrusion temperature is determined according to the melting temperature of the thermoplastic resin, but generally about 190 to 300 ° C is preferable. Furthermore, in order to prevent the molten resin from being oxidized by residual oxygen, it is also preferable to carry out the inside of the extruder in an inert (nitrogen or the like) air flow or while evacuating using an extruder with a vent.

  It is preferable to provide a filtration apparatus incorporating a breaker plate type filtration or a leaf type disk filter for filtering foreign matter in the thermoplastic resin composition. Filtration may be performed in one stage or may be performed in multistage filtration. The filtration accuracy is preferably 15 μm to 3 μm, more preferably 10 μm to 3 μm. It is desirable to use stainless steel as the filter medium. As the configuration of the filter medium, a knitted wire, a sintered metal fiber or metal powder (sintered filter medium) can be used, and among them, a sintered filter medium is preferable.

  In order to reduce the fluctuation of the discharge amount and improve the thickness accuracy, it is preferable to provide a gear pump between the extruder and the die. Thereby, the resin pressure fluctuation width in the die can be within ± 1%. In order to improve the quantitative supply performance by the gear pump, a method of controlling the pressure before the gear pump to be constant by changing the number of rotations of the screw can also be used.

  The molten resin is melted by the extruder configured as described above, and the molten resin is continuously fed to the die via a filter and a gear pump as necessary. The die may be any of a T die, a fish tail die, and a hanger coat die. It is also preferable to insert a static mixer immediately before the die to increase the uniformity of the resin temperature.

In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the temperature at both ends of the die is increased by 1 ° C. to 50 ° C. from the center. That is, the die is not at a constant temperature across its width. Generally, both ends of the melt exiting from the die are likely to come into contact with the outside air, so the temperature is likely to decrease.
If the temperature at both ends of the die is increased by 1 ° C. or more from the center, the temperature at both ends of the melt that has come out of the die is less likely to decrease, and differences in melt viscosity are less likely to occur at each point of the full width. When the melt viscosity is controlled uniformly so that the first and second clamping surfaces are continuously passed between the clamping devices with different speeds (especially when a peripheral speed difference is given by a touch roll). The method of applying the shear stress due to the speed difference becomes uniform, and the occurrence of slip between the touch roll and the melt can be prevented. The present invention has found that such a slip causes a scratch during film formation, and by controlling the temperature at both ends of the die by 1 ° C. or more from the center, the amount of slip is appropriately controlled, and the generation of the scratch. Can be suppressed.
On the other hand, when the temperature at both ends of the die is increased beyond 50 ° C. from the center, almost no slip occurs, and the amount of scratches on the film becomes 0.001 location / 10 m ² or more which is the lower limit value of the film of the present invention. It is preferable to use such a film that is not too smooth because it is difficult for stagnation to occur when wound as described above, and it is difficult for sag to occur.
The temperature at both ends of the die is preferably higher by 3 ° C to 40 ° C than the center, and more preferably higher by 5 ° C to 35 ° C.

  Furthermore, as described above, by increasing the temperature at both ends of the die by 1 ° C. to 50 ° C. from the center, γ of the film of the present invention is easily developed. That is, if the temperature at both ends of the die is 1 ° C. higher than the center, the temperature at both ends of the melt does not decrease too much, and the elastic modulus at both ends of the melt does not easily decrease. For this reason, it becomes difficult to express a shear force (stress due to a difference in moving speed between the first and second clamping surfaces of the clamping device) at both ends, and a certain amount of shearing force is applied to the melt over the entire width. be able to. As a result, it is preferable that γ tends to be equal to or more than the lower limit of the range of the present invention. On the other hand, when the temperature at both ends of the die is 50 ° C. or less higher than the center, the shear force is not excessively applied over the entire width of the melt, and γ tends to be less than the upper limit of the range of the present invention. Such a γ expression effect of the film is more easily obtained when the temperature at both ends of the die is increased by 3 ° C. to 40 ° C. from the center, and particularly when 5 ° C. to 35 ° C. is increased.

  Providing such a temperature difference between both ends of the die and the center of the die can be achieved by dividing the heater attached to the die and setting the temperature. At this time, it is also preferable to attach a heat insulating material to both ends of the die to efficiently raise the temperature of the end portion. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as said heat insulating material, For example, glass wool etc. can be used as a heat insulating material. The width of the portion to be kept warm by the heat insulating material (hereinafter also referred to as the heat retaining width at both ends of the die) is preferably 1/2 or less, more preferably 1/3 or less, and still more preferably 1/4 of the total width of the die. It is as follows.

The clearance of the die exit portion is generally 1.0 to 30 times the film thickness, preferably 5.0 to 20 times.
In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the radius of curvature of the tip of the die lip is not particularly limited, and a known die can be used.

It is preferable that the die can be adjusted in thickness at intervals of 5 to 50 mm. An automatic thickness adjustment die that calculates downstream film thickness and thickness deviation and feeds back the results to die thickness adjustment is also effective.
In addition to the single layer film forming apparatus, it is also possible to manufacture using a multilayer film forming apparatus.
Thus, the residence time from when the resin enters the extruder through the supply port until it exits from the die is preferably 3 to 40 minutes, more preferably 4 to 30 minutes.

(cast)
Next, the melt of the thermoplastic resin is extruded from the die into a film, and the melt-extruded melt is continuously sandwiched between the first sandwiching surface and the second sandwiching surface constituting the sandwiching device, and then cooled and solidified. To obtain a film. At this time, either one of the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface is peeled off from the melt first, and then the melt is peeled off from the other surface, thereby stabilizing the productivity and peeling failure. It is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the surface defect caused by. In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the moving speed of the first pressing surface is faster than the moving speed of the second pressing surface, but the surface to be peeled first is the second pressing surface even if it is the first pressing surface. However, from the viewpoint of suppressing the peeling dan, it is preferable that the first surface to be peeled first is the first pinching surface (pressing surface having a high moving speed).

In the production method of the present invention, when the melt-extruded melt is continuously clamped between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface constituting the clamping device, the pressure is set between 30 to 500 kgf. / Cm is preferred. By setting the pressure between the clamping devices within this range, even if temperature unevenness (viscosity unevenness) exists in the melt, it is difficult for slip to occur, and scratches are hardly generated. If it is 30 kgf / cm or more, the clamping device is unlikely to slip, and scratches due to this are unlikely to occur. If it is 500 kgf / cm or less, it is possible to prevent scratching with a slight slip, which is preferable. A more preferable pressure is 35 to 300 kgf / cm, and further preferably 40 to 200 kgf / cm.
Further, the γ can be achieved by setting the pressure between the clamping devices. That is, if it is 30 kgf / cm or more, the effect of the speed difference can be sufficiently exhibited (the effect of shear can be sufficiently transmitted to the film), and the above-mentioned γ can be exhibited. On the other hand, if it is 500 kgf / cm or less, the shearing force does not propagate to the melt and γ does not become too large. In either case, the viewing angle when incorporated in a liquid crystal display panel is improved, and when the viewing angle is improved in this way, the image becomes easier to see when assembled on the liquid crystal display board, and as a result, interference unevenness becomes less visible. preferable.

In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the moving speed difference between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface of the clamping device defined by the following formula (A) is adjusted to 1 to 40%, and the molten resin provides the clamping device. It is preferable to produce a film of the present invention by applying shear stress when passing through. The moving speed difference between the first and second clamping surfaces of the clamping device is preferably 3 to 35%, and more preferably 4 to 30%.
Formula (A)
Difference in moving speed (%) = 100 × {(moving speed of first pressing surface) − (moving speed of second pressing surface)}
/ (Moving speed of the first clamping surface)
When the speed difference is 40% or less, scratches are hardly generated and γ does not exceed the range of the present invention, and the viewing angle when incorporated in a liquid crystal display panel is improved. Therefore, the image is easy to visually recognize, and as a result, the interference unevenness is difficult to be visually recognized. When the difference in peripheral speed is 1% or more, the scratches are not less than the lower limit of the range of the present invention, the smoothness does not become too high, and the above-mentioned burrs are less likely to occur when wound, and γ is It is preferable that the viewing angle is improved and the scratches are not easily recognized without falling below the scope of the invention.

In the production method of the present invention, the magnitude of the torque of the motor that drives the clamping device is preferably 500 to 50000 N · m per 1 m of film width from the viewpoint of easily developing a tilted structure, and preferably 1000 to 40000 N · More preferably m, particularly preferably 1500 to 30000 N · m.
The range of the viscosity of the melt in the production method of the present invention is preferably 300 to 8000 Pa · s, more preferably 500 to 6000 Pa · s, and particularly preferably 700 to 4000 Pa · s. The viscosity of the melt referred to here refers to the viscosity at the temperature at the moment when the melt is extruded from the die.
In the production method of the present invention, the discharge temperature (resin temperature at the die outlet) is preferably Tg + 50 to Tg + 200 ° C., more preferably Tg + 70 to Tg + 180 ° C., from the viewpoint of improving the moldability of the resin and suppressing deterioration. Tg + 90 to Tg + 150 ° C. is particularly preferable. That is, if Tg + 50 ° C. or higher, the viscosity of the resin is sufficiently low and the moldability is good, and if Tg + 200 ° C. or lower, the resin is less likely to deteriorate.

(Air gap)
In the production method of the present invention, the air gap (distance from the die outlet to the melt landing point of the pinching device) is preferably as close as possible from the viewpoint of heat retention of the melt between the die and the pinching device, Specifically, the thickness is preferably 10 to 300 mm, more preferably 20 to 250 mm, and particularly preferably 30 to 200 mm.

(Cast using two rolls)
Among the methods of continuously passing between the clamping devices, it is preferable to pass between two rolls (for example, a touch roll (first roll) and a chill roll (second roll)). In addition, in this specification, when it has multiple casting rolls which convey the said melt, the casting roll nearest to the most upstream die | dye is also called a chill roll. Hereinafter, the preferable aspect of the manufacturing method of this invention using two rolls is demonstrated.

In the method for producing a film of the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the landing point of the melt extruded from the die, and the landing point of the melt extruded from the die is closest to the touch roll and the cast roll. The distance from the vertical line passing through the midpoint of the gap in the portion may be zero or may be shifted.
The landing point of the melt refers to a point where the melt extruded from the die comes into contact (landing) with the touch roll or chill roll for the first time. The midpoint of the gap between the touch roll and the cast roll refers to the midpoint of the touch roll surface and the cast roll surface where the gap between the touch roll and the cast roll is the narrowest.

  The surface of the two rolls (for example, a touch roll or a casting roll) preferably has an arithmetic average height Ra of 100 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less, and further preferably 25 nm or less.

  The touch pressure between the two rolls is preferably 30 to 500 kgf / cm. By setting the touch pressure within this range, a more preferable touch pressure is 35 to 300 kgf / cm, and further preferably 40 to 200 kgf / cm. The effect of the touch pressure on the interference unevenness is the same as the effect of the pressure between the clamping devices.

  In the manufacturing method of the present invention, in order to pressurize the roll pressure in the above range, the cylinder set value is appropriately changed. The cylinder set value varies depending on the resin material used and the material of the two rolls. For example, when the effective width of the film-like melt is 200 mm, it is preferably 3 to 100 KN, and preferably 3 to 50 KN. Is more preferable, and 3 to 25 KN is particularly preferable.

In the production method of the present invention, in order to pressurize the roll pressure in the above range, it is preferable to use a roll having a roll hardness of 45 HS or more. The Shore hardness of the two preferable rolls is preferably 50 HS or more, and more preferably 60 to 90 HS.
The Shore hardness can be determined from the average value of values measured at 5 points in the roll width direction and 5 points in the circumferential direction using the method of JIS Z 2246.

The material of the two rolls is preferably a metal from the viewpoint of achieving wide film formation with a film formation width of 1 m or more and high-speed film formation with a film formation speed of 10 m / min or more. That is, when wide film formation or high-speed film formation is performed, the stress applied to the touch roll increases, and roll deformation increases. By using a metal roll, the rigidity is strong, and even when stress increases as the width is increased, it is difficult to be deformed, and a touch failure associated therewith is less likely to occur.
From the viewpoint of achieving the Shore hardness, the material of the two rolls is preferably a metal, more preferably stainless steel, and a roll whose surface is plated is also preferred. Moreover, if the material of two rolls is a metal, since the surface unevenness | corrugation is small and the surface of a film is hard to be damaged, it is preferable. On the other hand, a rubber roll or a metal roll lined with rubber can be used without particular limitation as long as the roll pressure can be achieved.

  In the production method of the present invention, the thickness of the touch roll is preferably 6 mm to 45 mm from the viewpoint of achieving wide film formation with a film formation width of 1 m or more and high-speed film formation with a film formation speed of 10 m / min or more. More preferably, it is 10 mm-40 mm, More preferably, it is 15 mm-35 mm. If the thickness of the touch roll is 6 mm or more, it is difficult to cause bending even when the film is formed into a wide film or a high-speed film. If the thickness of the touch roll is 45 mm or less, the roll is not too rigid and can be appropriately subtly deformed according to the uneven thickness of the melt. Thus, it is preferable to use a roll that can be deformed delicately because slip generation can be suppressed and generation of scratches can be suppressed. In the present invention, by using a roll having such a thickness, the generation of scratches can be further suppressed, and interference unevenness can be suppressed. Conventional touch rolls made of metal are as thin as 2 to 5 mm as disclosed in JP-A-11-235747, or 50 mm or more like a calendar roll, and a roll with a thickness of 6 mm to 45 mm can be used. The effect at the time of adopting the roll having such a thickness has not been known.

  As for the touch roll, for example, JP-A-11-314263, JP-A-2002-36332, JP-A-11-235747, WO97 / 28950, JP-A-2004-216717, JP The thing of 2003-145609 gazette can be utilized.

Furthermore, in the manufacturing method of this invention, it is preferable to adjust the peripheral speed difference of the touch roll and chill roll which allow a film-form melt to pass through. The difference in peripheral speed between the touch roll and the chill roll is preferably 1% to 40%, more preferably 3% to 25%, and still more preferably 4% to 20%. When two rolls are used, the speed difference of the pressing device corresponds to the peripheral speed difference between the two rolls, and the preferable range for suppressing uneven display of black display is also the same.
In order to obtain the film of the present invention, the speed of the two rolls may be higher, but when the touch roll is slow, the bank is formed on the touch roll side (the excess of the melt stays on the roll and forms. Formed residue) is formed. Since the touch roll has a short contact time with the melt, the bank formed on the touch roll side cannot be sufficiently cooled, and a peeling dan is generated, which easily causes a surface failure. Therefore, it is preferable that the slow roll is a chill roll (second roll) and the fast roll is a touch roll (first roll).

  Furthermore, in the production method of the present invention, it is preferable to use a roll having a large diameter as each of the two rolls. Specifically, two rolls having a diameter of 350 to 600 nm, more preferably 350 to 500 nm are used. Is preferred. When a roll with a large diameter is used, the contact area between the film-like melt and the roll becomes wide, and the time for shearing becomes longer. Therefore, a film with a large difference between Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °] is used. Moreover, it can be manufactured while suppressing variations in Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °]. In the production method of the present invention, the diameters of the two rolls may be the same or different.

  In the manufacturing method of the present invention, it is preferable that the two rolls are driven at different peripheral speeds. The two rolls may be driven or driven independently. However, in order to suppress variations in Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °], the two rolls are preferably driven independently. .

Further, in order to increase the difference between Re [40 °] and Re [−40 °], the surface temperature of the two rolls may be made different. A preferable temperature difference is 5 ° C to 80 ° C, more preferably 20 ° C to 80 ° C, and further preferably 20 ° C to 60 ° C. At that time, the temperature of the two rolls is Tg−70 ° C. to Tg + 20 ° C., more preferably Tg−50 ° C. to Tg + 10 ° C., more preferably Tg−40 ° C. to Tg + 5 ° C., using the glass transition temperature Tg of the resin. Set to. Such temperature control can be achieved by passing a temperature-controlled liquid or gas through the touch roll.
The glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin is measured by adding a resin to a measurement pan using a scanning differential calorimeter (DSC) and raising the temperature from 30 ° C. to 300 ° C. at 10 ° C./min in a nitrogen stream. (1st-run), and then cooled to 30 ° C. at −10 ° C./min, and again heated from 30 ° C. to 300 ° C. at 10 ° C./min (2nd-run). The temperature at which the baseline starts to deviate from the low temperature side in 2nd-run can be obtained as the glass transition temperature (Tg).

In the production method of the present invention, the melt is preferably kept warm until the melt is extruded from the die and comes into contact with at least one of the two rolls to reduce the temperature distribution in the width direction. The temperature distribution in the direction is preferably within 5 ° C. In order to reduce the temperature distribution, a member having a heat insulating function or a heat reflecting function is disposed in at least a part of the passage between the melt die and the two rolls to shield the melt from the outside air. Is preferred. Thus, by arranging the heat insulating member in the passage and shielding it from the outside air, it is possible to suppress the influence of the external environment, for example, wind, and to suppress the temperature distribution in the width direction of the film. The temperature distribution in the width direction of the film-like melt is more preferably within ± 3 ° C., and even more preferably within ± 1 ° C.
Furthermore, when the said shielding member is used, since it can pass between rolls in the state with the high temperature of a film-form melt, ie, a state with low melt viscosity, there also exists an effect which is easy to produce the film of this invention.
The temperature distribution of the film-like melt can be measured with a contact thermometer or a non-contact thermometer.

The said shielding member is provided inside the both ends of two rolls, for example, via the width direction side surface of die | dye, and a clearance gap. The shielding plate may be directly fixed to the side surface of the die, or may be supported and fixed by a support member. For example, the width of the shielding member is preferably equal to or greater than the width of the side surface of the die so that the rising airflow due to heat dissipation of the die can be efficiently blocked.
The gap between the shielding member and the end in the width direction of the film-like melt is preferably narrow so as to efficiently shield the rising airflow flowing along the surface of the roll. More preferably, it is about 50 mm from the part. Note that the gap between the side surface of the die and the shielding member is not necessarily provided, but is preferably formed to an extent that allows airflow in the space surrounded by the shielding member to be discharged, for example, 10 mm or less.
In addition, as the material having a heat insulating function and / or a heat reflecting function, a material excellent in wind insulation and heat retention is preferable. For example, a metal plate such as stainless steel can be preferably used.

  As a method of eliminating variations in Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °], and Re [−40 °], there is a method of increasing adhesion when a film-like melt comes into contact with a casting roll. Specifically, the adhesion can be improved by combining electrostatic application method, air knife method, air chamber method, vacuum nozzle method and the like. Such an adhesion improving method may be performed on the entire surface of the film-like melt or may be partially performed.

  After film formation in this way, it is preferable to cool the film by using one or more casting rolls in addition to two rolls (for example, a casting roll and a touch roll) that allow the film-like melt to pass through. The touch roll is usually arranged so as to touch the first casting roll on the most upstream side (closer to the die). In general, it is relatively common to use three cooling rolls, but this is not a limitation. The distance between the plurality of casting rolls is preferably 0.3 mm to 300 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 100 mm, and still more preferably 3 mm to 30 mm between the surfaces.

  In the production method of the present invention, the film forming width is preferably 1 m to 4 m, more preferably 1.2 m to 3.5 m, and still more preferably 1.4 m to 3 m. Conventionally, the film forming width is not so wide, and for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-38646, it was 0.65 m or less. On the other hand, by forming a film with a width of 1 m or more, the ratio of the melt end portion in the entire melt is reduced, so that the effect due to the cooling of the melt end portion as described above is obtained. It is possible to suppress interference unevenness associated with scratches. On the other hand, if the film forming width is 4 m or less, it is preferable that the film hardly flutters during transportation, and scratches caused by this hardly occur. In addition, the film forming width here refers to the width immediately after the melt is peeled off from the cooling roll (in a state where the ear is not worn).

  Further, it is preferable to trim both ends of the processed film. The portion cut off by trimming may be crushed and used again as a raw material. Further, it is also preferable to perform a thickness increasing process (knurling process) on one or both ends. The height of the unevenness due to the thickness increasing process is preferably 1 μm to 50 μm, more preferably 3 μm to 20 μm. Thickening processing may be convex on both sides or convex on one side. The width of the thickness increasing process is preferably 1 mm to 50 mm, more preferably 3 mm to 30 mm. Extrusion can be performed at room temperature to 300 ° C. It is also preferable to attach a lami film on one side or both sides before winding. The thickness of the laminated film is preferably 5 μm to 100 μm, more preferably 10 μm to 50 μm. The material is not particularly limited, such as polyethylene, polyester, and polypropylene.

  The film forming speed is preferably 10 to 50 m / min, more preferably 15 to 40 m / min, and particularly preferably 20 to 35 m / min. When the film is formed at a high speed of 10 m / min or more in this way, the melt that has come out of the die reaches the touch roll and the cooling roll without being cooled, and therefore, a temperature difference hardly occurs in the entire width of the melt. As a result, the effect resulting from the cooling of the melt end can be suppressed. If it is 50 m / min or less, the film hardly flutters during conveyance, and scratches are unlikely to increase. On the other hand, if it is 10 m / min or more, the amount of scratches is preferably less than or equal to the lower limit of the film of the present invention, which is preferable because the occurrence of sag is suppressed. In addition, the said film forming speed represents the speed which passes between pinching apparatuses, and the conveyance speed in a conveying apparatus.

  The winding tension is preferably 2 kg / m width to 50 kg / width, more preferably 5 kg / m width to 30 kg / width.

(Stretching, relaxation treatment)
In the manufacturing method of this invention, after forming into a film by the said method, it is preferable to extend | stretch at a draw ratio of 1.05 times-4 times in at least 1 direction. As a result, the scratches generated on the surface are extended (changes in unevenness are reduced), and uneven interference is less likely to occur. The draw ratio is more preferably 1.1 times to 3 times, and still more preferably 1.2 times to 2.5 times. The stretching temperature is preferably Tg-5 ° C to Tg + 50 ° C.
Further, stretching and / or relaxation treatment may be performed. For these stretching and the like, for example, each step can be carried out by the following combinations (a) to (g).
(A) transverse stretching (b) transverse stretching → relaxation treatment (c) longitudinal stretching (d) longitudinal stretching → relaxation treatment (e) longitudinal (transverse) stretching → lateral (longitudinal) stretching (f) longitudinal (transverse) stretching → lateral (Longitudinal) stretching → relaxation treatment (g) Transverse stretching → relaxation treatment → longitudinal stretching → relaxation treatment Among these, the steps (a) to (d) are particularly preferable.

The transverse stretching can be performed using a tenter. That is, the film is stretched by holding both ends in the width direction with clips and widening the film in the lateral direction. At this time, the stretching temperature can be controlled by sending wind at a desired temperature into the tenter. The stretching temperature is preferably Tg-5 ° C to Tg + 50 ° C, more preferably Tg-5 ° C to Tg + 45 ° C, and further preferably Tg-10 ° C to Tg + 20 ° C or less. Moreover, a preferable lateral stretch ratio is 1.1 to 3 times, more preferably 1.2 to 2.5 times, and still more preferably 1.2 to 2.0 times.
By performing preheating before stretching and heat setting after stretching, the Re and Rth distribution after stretching can be reduced, and the variation in orientation angle associated with bowing can be reduced. Either preheating or heat setting may be performed, but both are more preferable. These preheating and heat setting are preferably performed by holding with a clip, that is, preferably performed continuously with stretching.
Preheating can be performed at a temperature about 1 ° C to 50 ° C higher than the stretching temperature, preferably 2 ° C to 40 ° C or less, more preferably 3 ° C to 30 ° C. The preheating time is preferably 1 second to 10 minutes, more preferably 5 seconds to 4 minutes, and even more preferably 10 seconds to 2 minutes. During preheating, it is preferable to keep the width of the tenter substantially constant. Here, “substantially” refers to ± 10% of the width of the unstretched film.
The heat setting can be performed at a temperature lower by 1 ° C. to 50 ° C. than the stretching temperature, more preferably 2 ° C. to 40 ° C., further preferably 3 ° C. to 30 ° C. More preferably, it is less than the stretching temperature and less than Tg. The preheating time is preferably 1 second to 10 minutes, more preferably 5 seconds to 4 minutes, and even more preferably 10 seconds to 2 minutes. During the heat setting, it is preferable to keep the width of the tenter substantially constant. Here, “substantially” refers to 0% (the same width as the tenter width after stretching) to −10% (shrinking by 10% from the tenter width after stretching = reduced width) of the tenter width after stretching. If the width is wider than the stretched width, residual strain tends to occur in the film, which is not preferable.

Longitudinal stretching can be achieved by making the peripheral speed on the outlet side faster than the peripheral speed on the inlet side while heating between two pairs of rolls. Under the present circumstances, the expression of the retardation of the thickness direction can be changed by changing the space | interval (L) between and the film width (W) before extending | stretching. When L / W (referred to as aspect ratio) is 2 to 50 or less (long span stretching), it is easy to produce a film having a small Rth, and when L / W is 0.01 to 0.3 (short span), a film having a large Rth is used. Can be created. In this embodiment, any of long span stretching, short span stretching, and a region between them (intermediate stretching = L / W exceeds 0.3 and 2 or less) may be used. Span stretching and short span stretching are preferred. Further, when aiming at high Rth, it is more preferable to use short span stretching, and when aiming at low Rth, it is distinguished from long span stretching.
The stretching temperature is preferably Tg-5 ° C to Tg + 50 ° C, more preferably Tg-5 ° C to Tg + 45 ° C, and further preferably Tg-10 ° C to Tg + 20 ° C or less. Moreover, a preferable longitudinal stretch ratio is 1.1 to 3 times, more preferably 1.2 to 2.5 times, and still more preferably 1.2 to 2.0 times.

Furthermore, dimensional stability can be improved by performing relaxation treatment after these stretching. Thermal relaxation is preferably performed either after film formation, after longitudinal stretching, or after lateral stretching, or both. The relaxation treatment may be performed online continuously after stretching, or may be performed offline after winding after stretching.
Thermal relaxation is (Tg-30) ° C to (Tg + 30) ° C, more preferably (Tg-30) ° C to (Tg + 20) ° C, and more preferably (Tg-15) ° C to (Tg + 10) ° C for 1 second to 10 minutes. More preferably 5 seconds to 4 minutes, still more preferably 10 seconds to 2 minutes, 0.1 kg / m to 20 kg / m, more preferably 1 kg / m to 16 kg / m, still more preferably 2 kg / m to 12 kg / m. It is preferable to carry out while conveying with tension.

[Polarizer]
The polarizing plate of the present invention can be obtained by laminating at least a polarizer (hereinafter also referred to as a polarizing film) on the film of the present invention. Hereinafter, the polarizing plate of the present invention will be described. Examples of the polarizing plate of the present invention include a polarizing plate formed on the surface of a polarizing film for the purpose of two functions of a protective film and viewing angle compensation, and a composite polarizing plate laminated on a protective film such as TAC. Can be mentioned.

  If the polarizing plate of this invention uses the film and polarizer of this invention, there will be no restriction | limiting in particular in a structure. For example, when the polarizing plate of the present invention is composed of a polarizer and two polarizing plate protective films (transparent polymer films) that protect both sides of the polarizer, the film of the present invention may be used as at least one polarizing plate protective film. it can. Moreover, the polarizing plate of this invention may have an adhesive layer for sticking with another member in the at least one surface. Moreover, in the polarizing plate of this invention, if the surface of the film of this invention is an uneven | corrugated structure, it will have an anti-glare (anti-glare) function. Further, the polarizing plate of the present invention has an antireflection film of the present invention in which an antireflection layer (low refractive index layer) is further laminated on the surface of the film of the present invention, and further optical anisotropy on the surface of the film of the present invention. It is also preferable to use the optical compensation film of the present invention in which layers are laminated.

  In general, a liquid crystal display device includes four polarizing plate protective films because a liquid crystal cell is provided between two polarizing plates. The film of the present invention may be used for any of the four polarizing plate protective films, but the film of the present invention is particularly advantageous as a protective film disposed between a liquid crystal cell and a polarizing plate in a liquid crystal display device. Can be used.

  The polarizing plate of the present invention more preferably has a configuration in which a cellulose acylate film, a polarizer and a film of the present invention are laminated in this order. Moreover, the structure which the cellulose acylate film, the polarizer, the film of this invention, and the adhesive layer are laminated | stacked in this order is also more preferable.

(Optical film)
The film of the present invention is used for the optical film of the polarizing plate of the present invention. The film can be surface treated. Examples of the surface treatment method include methods such as corona discharge, glow discharge, UV irradiation, and flame treatment.

(Cellulose acylate film)
As the cellulose acylate film of the polarizing plate of the present invention, a known cellulose acylate film for a polarizing plate is used. For example, a known triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film (for example, Fujitac T-60 manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) can be preferably used. The lurose acylate film may be surface treated. Examples of the surface treatment method include saponification treatment.

(Polarizer)
As the polarizer, for example, a film obtained by immersing and stretching a polyvinyl alcohol film in an iodine solution can be used.

  As the polarizer used in the present invention, any appropriate one can be selected as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved. Examples of the polarizer include a uniaxially stretched film obtained by adsorbing a dichroic substance such as iodine or a dichroic dye on a hydrophilic polymer film, a dehydrated polyvinyl alcohol product or a dehydrochlorinated polyvinyl chloride product. And polyene-based oriented films. Examples of the hydrophilic polymer film include a polyvinyl alcohol film, a partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol film, and an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer partially saponified film. In the present invention, a polarizer in which iodine is adsorbed on a polyvinyl alcohol film is preferable.

  The polarizer preferably further contains at least one of potassium and boron. When the polarizer contains potassium and boron, a polarizer (polarizing plate) having a composite elastic modulus (Er) in a preferable range and having a high degree of polarization can be obtained. For production of a polarizer containing at least one of potassium and boron, for example, a film which is a material for forming a polarizer may be immersed in a solution of at least one of potassium and boron. The solution may also serve as a solution containing iodine.

  Any appropriate molding method can be adopted as a method for obtaining the polyvinyl alcohol film. A conventionally known method can be applied as the molding method. Moreover, a commercially available film can be used as it is for the polyvinyl alcohol film. Examples of commercially available polyvinyl alcohol films include the product name “Kuraray Vinylon Film” manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., the product name “Tosero Vinylon Film” manufactured by Tosero Co., Ltd., and the product manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Names include “Nippon Vinylon Film”.

  Regarding an example of a method for producing a polarizer, for example, a polymer film (raw film) mainly composed of a polyvinyl alcohol resin is immersed in a swelling bath containing pure water and a dyeing bath containing an aqueous iodine solution. Swelling treatment and dyeing treatment are performed while applying tension in the film longitudinal direction with different rolls. Next, the film subjected to the swelling treatment and the dyeing treatment is immersed in a crosslinking bath containing potassium iodide, and is subjected to crosslinking treatment and final stretching treatment while tension is applied in the longitudinal direction of the film with rolls having different speed ratios. Is given. The film subjected to crosslinking treatment is immersed in a washing bath containing pure water by a roll and subjected to a washing treatment. The film subjected to the water washing treatment is dried and wound up after adjusting the moisture content. Thus, the polarizer can be obtained by stretching the original film, for example, 5 to 7 times the original length.

  The polarizer may be subjected to any surface modification treatment in order to improve the adhesion with the adhesive. Examples of the surface modification treatment include corona treatment, plasma treatment, glow discharge treatment, flame treatment, ozone treatment, UV ozone treatment, and ultraviolet treatment. These treatments may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(Adhesive layer)
The polarizing plate of the present invention may have an adhesive layer as at least one of the outermost layers (such a polarizing plate may be referred to as an adhesive polarizing plate). As a particularly preferred embodiment, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for adhering to another member such as another optical film or a liquid crystal cell can be provided on the side of the optical film where the polarizer is not adhered.

(Production method of polarizing plate)
The manufacturing method of the polarizing plate of this invention is demonstrated.
The polarizing plate of the present invention can be produced by bonding one side of the film of the present invention (a surface-treated surface in the case of surface treatment) to at least one side of the polarizer using an adhesive. When the cellulose acylate film, the polarizer, and the film of the present invention are bonded together in this order, the polarizing plate of the present invention can be produced by laminating the polarizer and other films using an adhesive on both sides of the polarizer. . In the manufacturing method of the polarizing plate of this invention, it is preferable that the film of this invention is directly bonded with the polarizer.

  As the adhesive, a known polarizing plate production adhesive can be used. Moreover, the aspect which has an adhesive bond layer between the said polarizer and each film is also preferable. Specific examples of the adhesive include an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetal (eg, polyvinyl butyral) and a latex of a vinyl-based polymer (eg, polybutyl acrylate). A particularly preferred adhesive is an aqueous solution of fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol. The polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive preferably contains a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin and a crosslinking agent.

  The manufacturing method of the polarizing plate of this invention is not limited to said method, Another method can also be used. For example, JP 2000-171635, JP 2003-215563, JP 2004-70296, JP 2005-189437, JP 2006-199788, JP 2006-215463, JP 2006-227090. JP, 2006-243216, JP 2006-243681, JP 2006-259313, JP 2006-276574, JP 2006-316181, JP 2007-10756, JP 2007-128025, Use methods described in JP 2007-140092, JP 2007-171943, JP 2007-197703, JP 2007-316366, JP 2007-334307, JP 2008-20891, etc. it can. Among these, the methods described in JP-A-2007-316366 and JP-A-2008-20891 are more preferable.

  It is preferable that a protective film is also attached to the other surface of the polarizing film, and the protective film may be the film of the present invention. Moreover, the various films conventionally used as a protective film of a polarizing plate, such as a cellulose acylate film and a cyclic polyolefin polymer film, can be used.

  The polarizing plate of the present invention thus obtained is preferably used in a liquid crystal display device, and may be provided on either the viewing side or the backlight side of the liquid crystal cell, or on both sides. Not. Specific examples of the image display device to which the polarizing plate of the present invention can be applied include a self-luminous display device such as an electroluminescence (EL) display, a plasma display (PD), and a field emission display (FED: Field Emission Display). Can be mentioned. The liquid crystal display device is applied to a transmissive liquid crystal display device, a reflective liquid crystal display device, and the like.

[Liquid Crystal Display]
The film and polarizing plate of the present invention can be used for liquid crystal display devices of various modes. Preferably, it can be used for TN (Twisted Nematic), OCB (Optically Compensatory Bend), ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) mode liquid crystal display devices, and more preferably for TN and ECB mode liquid crystal displays.

  The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. The materials, amounts used, ratios, processing details, processing procedures, and the like shown in the following examples can be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific examples shown below.

[Measurement method]
(Temperature difference between both ends and center of die)
Measure the temperature at 10 points at 5 cm from the lip of the die at equal intervals in the width direction. This temperature is set to T1, T2,... T9, T10 in order from one end. The average temperature of T5 and T6 is defined as the temperature at the center, and the average value of the difference between the temperature at the center and T1 and the difference between the temperature at the center and T10 is defined as “temperature difference between both ends of the die and the center”.

(scratch)
One tungsten lamp (Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. eye lamp 150W) is installed per 50 cm width, and the film is conveyed under this at 20 m / min. If there is a scratch, light is scattered and becomes a bright spot, and this is visually observed to mark the bright spot. This is observed with a microscope, and those having a scratch size (minimum side size) of 10 μm to 1 mm are extracted and measured. This was converted into the number of generations per 10 m ² and used as the number of scratches.

(Number of bevel occurrences)
The number of bevels in the films of each Example and Comparative Example was measured by the following method. When the roll is wound, a roll wound at 3000 m is placed in a constant temperature room at 60 ° C. and left for 3 days, and then 30 points are sampled every 100 m and 3 m are sampled at the full width. Place this on a flat table and count the number of parts floating from the table. This was corrected to the number of occurrences per 10 m ^{2 to be} the number of occurrences of bevels.

[Production Example 1] Production of pellets of addition polymerization type norbornene resin COC As cyclic olefin resin, pellets of addition polymerization type norbornene resin COC and "TOPAS # 6013" manufactured by Polyplastics were used. “TOPAS # 6013” indicates positive intrinsic birefringence. Moreover, Tg of the said resin was 130 degreeC.

[Production Example 2] Manufacture of pellets of ring-opening polymerization type norbornene resin COP-1 As a cyclic olefin resin, ring-opening polymerization type norbornene resin COP-1 was produced according to Example 1 of WO 98/14499. Was pelletized according to a conventional method. The Tg of the resin was 136 ° C.

[Production Example 3] Production of pellets of ring-opening polymerization norbornene resin COP-2 As a cyclic olefin-based resin, ring-opening polymerization norbornene resin COP-2 is a resin described in Example 1 of JP-A-2007-38646 ( a-1) was prepared according to the example and pelletized according to conventional methods. The Tg of the resin was 130 ° C.

[Production Example 4] Manufacture of pellets of polycarbonate resin PC As the polycarbonate resin PC, pellets of "Taflon MD1500" manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. were used and pelletized according to a conventional method. “Taflon MD1500” exhibits positive intrinsic birefringence. The glass transition point of the resin was 142 ° C.

[Production Example 5] Production of acrylic resin pellets As acrylic resin, methyl methacrylate = 7500 g, 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylic acid according to Production Example 1 of JP 2008-9378 A [0222] to [0224] Synthesized from 2500 g of methyl, an acrylic compound having a lactonization rate of 98% and Tg = 134 ° C. was obtained. This was pelletized according to a conventional method.

[Production Example 6] Production of pellets of cellulose acylate resin CAP-1 As cellulose acetate propionate, resin CAP-1 was produced according to the method described in Example 1 of JP-A-2008-87398 and pelletized. . The composition of the obtained CAP-1 had an acetylation degree of 1.95, a propionylation degree of 0.7, and a total acyl substitution degree of 2.65.

[Production Example 7] Manufacture of pellets of cellulose acylate resin CAP-2 As cellulose acetate propionate, resin CAP-2 was described as Example 101 described in Table 3 of JP-A-2008-50562. And was pelletized. The composition of the obtained CAP-1 had an acetylation degree of 0.15, a propionylation degree of 2.55, and a total acyl substitution degree of 2.7.

[ Comparative Example 4 ]
(Production of film)
The pellets of the addition polymerization type norbornene resin COC were dried at 100 ° C. for 2 hours or more, melted at 260 ° C., kneaded and extruded using a single screw kneading extruder. At this time, a screen filter, a gear pump, and a leaf disk filter were arranged in this order between the extruder and the die, and these were connected by a melt pipe. This was extruded from a die. The extrusion temperature at this time was 260 ° C., and extrusion was performed from a die having a width of 1800 mm. At this time, heater cartridge heaters UF0P09 (trade name) manufactured by Nippon Heater Co., Ltd. are placed one by one at both ends of the die so that the temperature at both ends of the die is higher than the temperature at the center of the die by the temperature shown in Table 1 below. And both ends of the die were heated. In addition, some standards covered the ends of the die with glass wool insulation. This length was divided by the total width of the die, expressed as a percentage and listed in Table 1.
Thereafter, a melt (molten resin) was extruded onto the cast roll. At this time, a cylinder was set so that the touch pressure described in Table 1 below was applied to a cast roll (chill roll) having a width of 1800 mm on the most upstream side, and a touch roll having a width of 1800 mm was brought into contact therewith. Touch rolls and chill rolls having a Shore hardness of 60 HS were used. Using these rolls, the film was formed with a peripheral speed difference set to 20%. The temperature of the touch roll and chill roll was set to Tg-5 ° C., and the distance between the die and the melt landing point was set to 200 mm. The film forming atmosphere was 25 ° C. and 60%.
Then, after trimming both ends (5 cm each of the full width) immediately before winding, thicknessing (knurling) with a width of 10 mm and a height of 20 μm was applied to both ends. In addition, the film was formed to a width of 1.5 m and the film was wound up 3000 m at a film forming speed of 15 m / min. The thickness of the film after film formation was 100 μm, and the film of Comparative Example 4 was produced.

(Evaluation of film)
The film of Comparative Example 4 was measured for scratches, γ, Re, Rth, and number of bevels, and listed in Tables 1 and 2 below. In addition, the measuring method of an optical characteristic is as above-mentioned, and the inclination direction which measured Re [+40 degrees] and Re [-40 degrees] of a film made all the longitudinal direction of a film. Γ is based on the formula (II ′).

(Preparation of polarizing plate)
A polarizing plate was produced using the produced film of Comparative Example 4 . Specifically, first, iodine was adsorbed to a stretched polyvinyl alcohol film to prepare a polarizing film. Using this polarizing film, an TAC film of 80 μm (manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd.), a uniaxially stretched norbornene polymer film, and a λ / 2 plate of Re = 270 nm, as shown in FIG. The films were pasted together. In this manner, a polarizing plate using the film of Comparative Example 4 was produced.

(Production and evaluation of transflective ECB mode liquid crystal display)
Next, an ECB type transflective liquid crystal display device was manufactured using the polarizing plate. The liquid crystal cell used uses ZLI-1695 (manufactured by Merck) as the liquid crystal material, and the liquid crystal layer thickness is 2.4 μm in the reflective electrode region (reflective display portion) and 4.9 μm in the transmissive electrode region (transmissive display portion). did. The pretilt angle at the substrate interface of the liquid crystal layer was 2 degrees, and Δnd of the liquid crystal cell was about 150 nm for the reflective display portion and about 320 nm for the transmissive display portion.
The above-prepared polarizing plates were arranged above and below the liquid crystal cell as shown in FIG. The arrows in the polarizing plate indicate the respective absorption axes, the arrows in the retardation film indicate the respective slow axes, and the arrows in the ECB cell indicate the rubbing direction of the rubbing treatment applied to the respective facing surfaces. Here, the 12 o'clock direction is 0 ° and the clockwise direction is +.

(Uneven interference)
Interference unevenness of the obtained liquid crystal display device was measured and measured as the number of occurrences per 10 m ² . Incidentally, the interference unevenness practically preferably less than 20 / 10m ^2, and more preferably 10 / 10m less than ^2.

[Examples 4 to 40, Comparative Examples 1 to 6 ]
Table 1 below shows the resin used, die end temperature-center temperature, heat insulation length of the die ends / die full width, touch roll thickness, touch roll material, touch pressure, peripheral speed difference, film forming width, film forming speed, and film thickness. The film of each Example and the comparative example was manufactured according to the comparative example 4 except having set it as 2 description. The acrylic resin was melted at 230 ° C.
In Comparative Example 3, the film of Comparative Example 3 was produced by implementing Example 1 of JP-A-2007-38646. In Examples 39 and 40, a film was produced by carrying out the production method of the present invention in Comparative Example 3.
A polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 using the films of these Examples and Comparative Examples.

From Table 1, it was found that in Examples 4 to 40, interference unevenness was suppressed and a good optical axis tilt structure was formed. On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 was such that the difference between the die end temperature and the die center temperature was slightly lower than the range of the production method of the present invention, and the obtained film had many scratches, resulting in interference unevenness. In Comparative Example 2, the difference between the die end temperature and the die center temperature was slightly exceeded the range of the production method of the present invention. Comparative Example 3 was obtained by implementing Example 1 of JP-A-2007-38646, and the difference between the die end temperature and the die center temperature was below the range of the production method of the present invention. Both the scratches and the number of dents were large and interference unevenness occurred. However, it was found that in Examples 39 and 40 within the scope of the present invention, the number of scratches and burrs generated was reduced, and interference unevenness was suppressed.
As described above, according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, the difference between the die end temperature and the central temperature is set as the range of the present invention, and the peripheral speed difference is given between the two rolls, thereby suppressing interference unevenness and good optical axis tilt. It has been found that a film having a structure can be produced.

[Examples 101 to 105]
(Stretching)
The film of Example 33 was stretched in the longitudinal direction at Tg + 10 ° C., that is, 140 ° C. under the conditions described in Table 3 below.

(Evaluation)
The number of occurrences of scratches, γ, Re, Rth and bevels was determined for the stretched film. Moreover, the film after extending | stretching was integrated in the liquid crystal display device like Example 1, and the interference nonuniformity was calculated | required. These results are shown in Table 3 below.

From Table 3, the films of Examples 101 to 105 obtained through the stretching process all show good scratches, γ, Re, Rth, and the number of occurrences of unevenness, and any interference unevenness when incorporated in a liquid crystal display device. It was good. Further, in Examples 102 to 104 in which the draw ratio was 1.05 to 4 times, scratches and interference unevenness were further improved.
In addition, the same results were obtained for those stretched in the transverse direction.

It is a top view showing the absorption axis of the polarizing plate, the orientation direction of a liquid crystal cell, and the slow axis of a film in the transflective ECB mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

Claims (10)

A step of melt-extruding a composition containing a thermoplastic resin from a die, and a film-like product by continuously pressing the melt-extruded melt between a first clamping surface and a second clamping surface constituting a clamping device In a method for producing a film comprising the step of forming into
The temperature at both ends of the die is 20 to 50 ° C. higher than the temperature at the center of the die, and the moving speed of the first pressing surface is made faster than the moving speed of the second pressing surface A method for producing a film.   In the step of continuously pressing the melt-extruded melt between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface constituting the clamping device to form a film, the clamping devices have different peripheral speeds. The method for producing a film according to claim 1, wherein there are two rolls. 3. The film production according to claim 1, wherein a difference in moving speed between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface of the clamping device defined by the following formula (A) is 1 to 40%. Method.
Formula (A)
Difference in moving speed (%) = 100 × {(moving speed of first pressing surface) − (moving speed of second pressing surface)}
/ (Moving speed of the first clamping surface)   The method for producing a thermoplastic film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a pressure applied to the melt by the clamping device is 30 to 500 kgf / cm.   The method for producing a thermoplastic film according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the film is formed at a film forming width of 1 to 4 m and at a film forming speed of 10 to 50 m / min.   A method for producing a thermoplastic film according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a metal roll having a thickness of 6 to 45 mm is used as a touch roll.   A thermoplastic film produced by the method according to claim 1. A thermoplastic film obtained by stretching the thermoplastic film according to claim 7 by 1.05 to 4 times in at least one direction. A polarizing plate comprising at least one thermoplastic film according to claim 7 or 8 . A liquid crystal display device using at least one thermoplastic film according to any one of claims 7 to 9 .

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