JP5345351B2 - Thermoplastic film, method for producing the same, polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thermoplastic film having a largely inclined structure of an optical axis and causing no display unevenness in making a total surface black display in a pitch-dark room when used for a liquid crystal display. <P>SOLUTION: A thermoplastic film method for manufacturing includes: a process for melt-extruding a composition containing thermoplastic resin, from a die; and a process for continuously clamping a melt-extruded molten material between a first clamping surface and a second clamping surface constituting a clamping device to form the molten material in film shape. The film is formed while the reaching points of the molten material extruded from the die, on the first clamping surface or the second clamping surface are periodically varied by 0.01-5 mm, and the moving speed of the first clamping surface is made faster than that of the second clamping surface. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a thermoplastic film. The present invention also relates to a thermoplastic film produced by the production method, a polarizing plate having the thermoplastic film, and a liquid crystal display device.

  In recent years, various films have been developed with the rise of the liquid crystal display market. For example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose tilted retardation films.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a film in which, after a film is formed, a shearing force is applied to the film by passing the film between two rolls having different peripheral speeds, and the optical axis in the thickness direction of the film is inclined. And a method for producing the TN type liquid crystal display. However, the document 1 does not suggest application to a melt.
On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a film in which the melt extruded from a die during film formation is sandwiched between a metal-coated rubber roll and a metal roll, and the optical axis is inclined by giving a peripheral speed difference therebetween. Yes. In Patent Document 3, the melt extruded from a die during film formation is sandwiched between a metal roll whose surface is covered with rubber and a roll which is not covered with rubber, and the optical axis is inclined by giving a peripheral speed difference between them. Films are disclosed.

  However, the effect of optical compensation is not sufficient simply by using a film having an inclined optical axis for a liquid crystal display. For example, Patent Document 3 discloses an optical film in which the optical axis is inclined by 11.5 to 18.2 ° in the embodiment, but there is no description about the relationship between the optical axis inclination angle and the optical compensation of the liquid crystal display. Not. Actually, in order to perform optical compensation for a transmissive TN or ECB liquid crystal display, or a transflective TN or ECB liquid crystal display, the liquid crystal cell has a large phase difference until the retardation can be compensated. A film having a large inclined structure has been desired.

On the other hand, in the manufacturing method field by melt film formation of a film having a large retardation structure, the landing point of the melt extruded from the die has not been studied so far, and such necessity has not been studied.
JP-A-6-22213 JP 2003-25414 A JP 2007-38646 A

When the present inventors used a film manufactured by the manufacturing method described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 for a liquid crystal display device, it was found that display unevenness occurred when the entire screen was displayed in a completely dark room. did.
In response to the new problem, the present inventors surprisingly have a tilt structure with a large phase difference by adjusting the melt landing point, and display unevenness when used in a liquid crystal display device. It has been found that a suppressed thermoplastic film can be produced.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a thermoplastic film having an inclined structure with a large phase difference and having no display unevenness even when an entire black display is made in a completely dark room when used in a liquid crystal display device. It is to be.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have completed the present invention described below.
[1] A step of melt-extruding a composition containing a thermoplastic resin from a die, and continuously pressing the melt-extruded melt between a first clamping surface and a second clamping surface constituting a clamping device. And a step of forming the film,
Film formation is performed while periodically changing the landing point of the melt extruded from the die on the first clamping surface or the second clamping surface by 0.01 to 5 mm, and the moving speed of the first clamping surface is adjusted. The manufacturing method of the thermoplastic film characterized by making it faster than the moving speed of said 2nd clamping surface.
[2] In the step of continuously pressing the melt-extruded melt between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface constituting the clamping device to form a film, the clamping devices are The method for producing a film according to [1], wherein the two rolls have different peripheral speeds.
[3] In [1] or [2], the difference in moving speed between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface of the clamping device defined by the following formula (A) is 1 to 40%. The manufacturing method of the film of description.
Formula (A)
Difference in moving speed (%) = 100 × {(moving speed of first pressing surface) − (moving speed of second pressing surface)}
/ (Moving speed of the first clamping surface)
[4] The thermoplastic film according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the film is formed at a film forming width of 1 m to 4 m and a film forming speed of 10 m / min to 50 m / min. Production method.
[5] The method for producing a thermoplastic film according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein a metal roll having a thickness of 6 mm to 45 mm or less is used as a touch roll.
[6] Any of [1] to [5], wherein the pressure applied to the melt by the clamping device is 30 to 500 kgf / cm, and the thickness during film formation is 10 μm to 90 μm. A method for producing a thermoplastic film according to claim 1.
[7] A thermoplastic film having uneven projection in the width direction of 0.01 to 1 per 100 m length and satisfying the following formulas (I) and (II).
50 nm ≦ Re [0 °] ≦ 300 nm (I) Formula (In the formula (I), Re [0 °] is the front direction at a wavelength of 550 nm measured from the normal line in the plane including the film tilt direction and the film normal line. Represents retardation.)
40 nm ≦ γ ≦ 300 nm (II) Formula γ = | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] | Formula (II ′)
(In the formulas (II) and (II ′), Re [+ 40 °] represents retardation in the front direction measured from a direction inclined + 40 ° with respect to the normal, and Re [−40 °] represents the normal. Represents the retardation in the front direction measured from a direction tilted by −40 ° with respect to the film, where “the direction tilted by θ ° from the film normal” refers to the film surface direction by θ ° from the normal direction to the tilt direction. It is the direction inclined to
[8] The thermoplastic film as described in [7], wherein retardation Rth in the thickness direction is 40 nm to 300 nm.
[9] The thermoplastic film according to [7] or [8], wherein the thermoplastic film is a cyclic olefin resin, a polycarbonate resin, an acrylic resin, or a cellulose acylate resin.
[10] A thermoplastic film formed by the production method according to any one of [1] to [6].
[11] A thermoplastic film, wherein the thermoplastic film according to any one of [7] to [10] is stretched 1.05 times to 4 times in at least one direction.
[12] A polarizing plate comprising at least one thermoplastic film according to any one of [7] to [11].
[13] A liquid crystal display device using at least one thermoplastic film according to any one of [7] to [11].

  When the thermoplastic film of the present invention is used in a liquid crystal display device, even when a full black display is made in a completely dark room, display unevenness does not occur and good visual characteristics can be achieved. Moreover, since it has a tilt structure with a large phase difference, the effect of optical compensation when used in a liquid crystal display device is sufficient.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. In the present specification, a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value. In the present specification, the “film longitudinal direction” means the MD (machine direction) direction.
In addition, in the present specification, “periodic” generally means a general movement such as a movement that circulates and returns once to a state at a certain point in an event in which the same thing is repeated periodically. The case where the time until the return once after circulation is regular or not is included.

[Thermoplastic film]
The thermoplastic film of the present invention is characterized in that it has a tilt structure with a large retardation, and when it is used in a liquid crystal display device, display unevenness is not generated diagonally and good visual characteristics can be achieved. Hereinafter, the thermoplastic film of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as the film of the present invention) will be described.

(Projection unevenness)
In the film of the present invention, the projection unevenness in the width direction is 0.01 to 1 per 100 m length. By controlling the projection unevenness in the width direction as described above, the display unevenness when incorporated in the liquid crystal display device can be improved. In the present specification, uneven projection refers to unevenness in brightness that occurs when projected onto a film by a projector. This is due to subtle thickness unevenness and alignment unevenness, and occurs when the melt is peeled off from the pinching device (for example, touch roll and chill roll) after being sandwiched by the pinching device (for example, touch roll and chill roll). . That is, after being pinched, the melt is transported on the surface of the pinching device where the melt does not peel (for example, a chill roll). (The touch roll) also adheres and periodically peels off, which causes uneven thickness and alignment in the width direction. A relatively strong one appears as uneven projection. Here, the display unevenness under the compulsory condition (full black display in a completely dark room) when incorporated in the liquid crystal display device can be visually recognized even if the projection is uneven. However, as a result of examination by the present inventor, it has been found that the number of unevenness recognized in the projection unevenness is proportional to the number of unevenness in the liquid crystal display device under the forcing condition. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the frequency (number) of the unevenness. The projection unevenness is more preferably 0.02 to 0.5, and still more preferably 0.04 to 0.3.
If the projection unevenness in the width direction is 1 or less per 100 m length, the display unevenness when incorporated in the liquid crystal display device is a practically preferable range.
On the other hand, when the projection unevenness is 0.01 or more per 100 m length, it is preferable that curl is less likely to occur when wound on a roll. Here, the film expands and contracts due to temperature and humidity, but if the surface is too smooth, a crease occurs between the films when it is wound on a roll, and an expansion and contraction stress occurs. The film is deformed by the stretching shrinkage stress and curling occurs. Since the curl of the film is too smooth, stagnation occurs between the films when wound on a roll, and the expansion and contraction of the film accompanying thermal expansion cannot be slid and escaped. It buckles and becomes a habit. When the projection unevenness is 0.01 or more per 100 m length, the thickness unevenness does not decrease too much and the smoothness does not become too high, so that the above-described curl is less likely to occur. Such a film with curling also causes display unevenness when it is incorporated in a liquid crystal display device. Therefore, display unevenness can be suppressed by reducing curling. The number of occurrence of the curl is preferably 0 to 6 pieces / 100 m, more preferably 0 to 4 pieces / 100 m, and particularly preferably 0 to 2 pieces / 100 m.

(In-plane retardation Re)
The film of the present invention contains a thermoplastic resin, and has a retardation Re [0 °] at a wavelength of 550 nm measured from the normal, in a plane including the film tilt direction and the film normal, and the normal The retardation Re [+ 40 °] at a wavelength of 550 nm measured from a direction inclined by + 40 ° and the retardation Re [−40 °] at a wavelength of 550 nm measured from a direction inclined by −40 ° with respect to the normal line are as follows: It is characterized by satisfying both formula (I) and formula (II).
50 nm ≦ Re [0 °] ≦ 300 nm Formula (I)
40 nm ≦ γ ≦ 300 nm Formula (II)
γ = | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] | Formula (II ′)

  In this specification, the “direction inclined by θ ° from the film normal” is defined as a direction inclined in the film surface direction by θ ° from the normal direction to the inclination direction. That is, the normal direction of the film surface is a direction with an inclination angle of 0 °, and an arbitrary direction within the film surface is a direction with an inclination angle of 90 °.

The film of the present invention preferably satisfies both the following formulas (III) and (IV).
70 nm ≦ Re [0 °] ≦ 250 nm Formula (III)
60 nm ≦ γ ≦ 250 nm Formula (IV)
More preferably, both of the following formulas (V) and (VI) are satisfied.
100 nm ≦ Re [0 °] ≦ 200 nm Formula (V)
80 nm ≦ γ ≦ 180 nm Formula (VI)

  Here, a large γ means that Re is different between right and left when viewed from an oblique direction, that is, an inclined structure is formed in the film when viewed from the thickness direction. This tilt structure complements the liquid crystal alignment in the liquid crystal display device and has the effect of improving the viewing angle. If γ is 40 to 300 nm, the viewing angle when incorporated in a liquid crystal display device is improved, which is preferable. Here, if there is no region where the viewing angle is reduced, that is, there is no region where the image is difficult to see due to a decrease in contrast when observed from an oblique direction, such display unevenness is difficult to see. For this reason, it is preferable because the visibility of the display unevenness of black display can be lowered by setting the above range.

  The retardation Re [0 °] in the front direction is preferably 50 to 300 nm, more preferably 70 to 250 nm, and even more preferably 100 to 200 nm, because the viewing angle when incorporated in a liquid crystal display device is improved. In the same way as in the case of the above, it is preferable to make the above-mentioned range the visibility of the black display unevenness.

  A film having γ, Re [0 °] and Rth in the above preferred ranges can be produced by the production method of the present invention described later. In addition, when the optical film having the preferable optical characteristics is used for optical compensation of a liquid crystal display such as a TN mode, an ECB mode, and an OCB mode, it contributes to an improvement in viewing angle characteristics and achieves a wide viewing angle. be able to.

  Variations in γ and Re [0 °] appear as black display unevenness in a liquid crystal display device when used in a liquid crystal display. Therefore, the variation is preferably as small as possible, specifically within ± 3 nm. Is preferable, and it is more preferably within ± 1 nm. Similarly, the variation in the angle of the slow axis also causes the black display unevenness of the liquid crystal display device. Therefore, the variation is preferably as small as possible, specifically within ± 1 °, and preferably within ± 0. The angle is more preferably within 5 °, and particularly preferably within ± 0.25 °.

The optical characteristic value can be measured by the following method.
In the present invention, Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °] of the film are measured using KOBRA 21ADH or WR (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.). , The phase difference at an inclination angle of 0 °, the phase difference at an inclination angle of 40 degrees, and the phase difference at an inclination angle of −40 degrees were measured.
Here, the inclination direction was determined by the following method.
(1) The slow axis direction in the film plane is 0 °, the fast axis direction in the film plane is 90 °, and the temporary tilt direction is set in increments of 0.1 ° between 0 ° and 90 °.
(2) Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °] are measured in a plane including each provisional tilt direction and the film normal to obtain | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] |.
(3) The direction in which | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] | is maximized is determined as the tilt direction.
The measurement wavelength is 550 nm. Note that a film made of a general thermoplastic resin by a melt film forming method has a value of | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] | ≈0 nm regardless of the orientation. That is, when | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] | is measured in the tilt direction, it is a feature of the film of the present invention that a phase difference of 0 nm or more is expressed.
In addition, variations in Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °], and Re [−40 °] can be measured by the following method. Sampling is performed at any 10 or more positions on the film surface 2 mm or more away from each other, and Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °] are measured by the above method. The difference in value is defined as the variation of Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °], and Re [−40 °].
Further, the slow axis and the variation of Rth described later are measured in the same manner.

(Retardation Rth in film thickness direction)
The film of the present invention preferably has a retardation in the film thickness direction of 40 to 300 nm, more preferably 50 nm to 200 nm, and particularly preferably 50 nm to 150 nm. Rth of 40 to 300 nm is preferable because the viewing angle when incorporated in a liquid crystal display device is improved. Here, if there is no region where the viewing angle is reduced, that is, the region where the contrast is lowered and the image is difficult to see when observed from an oblique direction, the display unevenness becomes difficult to be visually recognized. For this reason, the visibility of the display unevenness of black display can also be reduced by making it the said range, and it is preferable.

式中、Ｒｅ（θ）は法線方向から角度θ傾斜した方向におけるレターデーション値をあらわす。また、数式（Ｂ）中のβは、屈折率楕円体が一様傾斜したことを仮定した場合の傾斜角度を表し、傾斜型位相差フィルムの構造を単純に把握するときに使用される。
上記の測定において、平均屈折率の仮定値は、ポリマーハンドブック（ＪＯＨＮ ＷＩＬＥＹ＆ＳＯＮＳ，ＩＮＣ）、各種光学補償フィルムのカタログの値を使用することができる。また、平均屈折率の値が既知でないものについては、アッベ屈折計で測定することができる。主な光学補償フィルムの平均屈折率の値を以下に例示する：セルロースアシレート（１．４８）、シクロオレフィンポリマー（１．５２）、ポリカーボネート（１．５９）、ポリメチルメタクリレート（１．４９）、ポリスチレン（１．５９）である。 Assuming that the refractive index ellipsoid is uniformly inclined by β °, the Rth is calculated by numerically calculating the refractive indexes nx, ny, and nz of each direction of the refractive index ellipsoid, and substituting them into the following formula (A): Can be sought.
Rth = ((nx + ny) / 2−nz) × d Formula (A)
In the film of the present invention, ny is the refractive index in the film width direction. nx is the refractive index in the direction in which the projection component on the x-axis of the film is larger than the projection component on the z-axis, and nz is the refractive index in the direction in which the projection component on the z-axis is larger than the projection component on the x-axis.
The method for obtaining nx, ny, and nz is described in the technical data of Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd. (http://www.oji-keisoku.co.jp/products/kobra/kobra.html). For example, it is possible to calculate from the values of Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °], the value of average refractive index n _ave , and the film thickness value d using the following formula (B). I can do it.

In the formula, Re (θ) represents a retardation value in a direction inclined by an angle θ from the normal direction. In addition, β in the mathematical formula (B) represents an inclination angle when it is assumed that the refractive index ellipsoid is uniformly inclined, and is used when the structure of the inclined retardation film is simply grasped.
In the above measurement, as the assumed value of the average refractive index, the values in the polymer handbook (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) and catalogs of various optical compensation films can be used. Moreover, about the thing whose average refractive index value is not known, it can measure with an Abbe refractometer. The average refractive index values of the main optical compensation films are exemplified below: cellulose acylate (1.48), cycloolefin polymer (1.52), polycarbonate (1.59), polymethyl methacrylate (1.49) Polystyrene (1.59).

(Film thickness)
The film thickness of the film of the present invention is preferably 10 to 90 μm, more preferably 20 μm to 80 μm, and particularly preferably 25 μm to 70 μm. If the film thickness is 90 μm or less, the elasticity of the melt does not become too high, and a large force is not required when peeling from a pinching device (for example, a touch roll), so that uneven orientation and uneven thickness due to peeling are suppressed. And the projection unevenness of the film is reduced. On the other hand, if it is 10 μm or more, the elasticity of the melt does not become too weak, it becomes difficult to adhere to a pinching device (for example, a touch roll), and uneven orientation can be suppressed, thereby reducing unevenness in projection. By reducing the projection unevenness generated on the film in this way, it is preferable because the display unevenness of black display is reduced in the projection unevenness.

(Thermoplastic resin)
The thermoplastic resin used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned optical characteristics. However, when it is produced using a melt extrusion method, it is preferable to use a material having good melt extrusion moldability. In, polyolefins such as cyclic olefin resins, cellulose acylate resins, polycarbonate resins, polyesters, transparent polyethylene, transparent polypropylene, polyarylates, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, maleimide copolymers, transparent It is preferable to select nylons, transparent fluororesins, transparent phenoxys, polyetherimides, polystyrenes, acrylic resins, and styrene resins. One kind of the resin may be contained, or two or more kinds of the resins different from each other may be contained. The film of the present invention preferably contains at least one of a cyclic olefin resin, a cellulose acylate resin, a polycarbonate resin, a styrene resin, and an acrylic resin, and the thermoplastic film is a cyclic olefin resin or a polycarbonate. It is more preferable that the resin is an acrylic resin, an acrylic resin, or a cellulose acylate resin. The cyclic olefins are preferably cyclic olefins obtained by addition polymerization.

In particular, when a cellulose acylate resin, a cyclic olefin resin, and a polycarbonate resin exhibiting positive intrinsic birefringence are subjected to shear deformation with two rolls, the slow axis faces the tilt direction, and | Re [ + 40 °] −Re [−40 °] |> 0 film can be produced. For example, when two rolls are arranged in parallel to the die exit, the tilt direction is the same as the film longitudinal direction.
Also, acrylic resin and styrene resin exhibiting negative intrinsic birefringence, when the above processing is performed, the fast axis is directed to the tilt direction, and | Re [+ 40 °] −Re [−40 °] | > 0 films can be created.

  When the film of the present invention is applied to a liquid crystal display device as a viewing angle compensation film, the positive or negative intrinsic birefringent resin is appropriately used in consideration of the characteristics of the liquid crystal display device and the convenience of polarizing plate processing. You can select and use.

Examples of the cyclic olefin resin that can be used in the present invention include a norbornene resin obtained by polymerization of a norbornene compound. Further, it may be a resin obtained by any polymerization method of ring-opening polymerization and addition polymerization.
Examples of the addition polymerization and the cyclic olefin-based resin obtained thereby include, for example, Japanese Patent No. 3517471, Japanese Patent No. 3559360, Japanese Patent No. 3867178, Japanese Patent No. 3871721, Japanese Patent No. 3907908, Japanese Patent No. 3945598, Special Table 2005 No. 5,276,696, JP-A-2006-28993, JP-A-2006-11361, International Publication No. WO 2006/004376, International Publication No. WO 2006/030797. Among these, those described in Japanese Patent No. 3517471 are particularly preferable.
Examples of the ring-opening polymerization and the cyclic olefin-based resin obtained thereby include International Publication WO 98/98499 pamphlet, Japanese Patent No. 30605532, Japanese Patent No. 3320478, Japanese Patent No. 3273046, Japanese Patent No. 3404027, Japanese Patent No. 3428176. , Japanese Patent No. 3687231, Japanese Patent No. 3873934, and Japanese Patent No. 3912159. Among these, those described in International Publication WO 98/14499 pamphlet and Japanese Patent No. 30605532 are particularly preferable.
Among these cyclic olefin-based resins, those obtained by addition polymerization are preferable from the viewpoint of the expression of birefringence and the melt viscosity. For example, “TOPAS # 6013” (manufactured by Polyplastics) can be used.

  Examples of the cellulose acylate resin that can be used in the present invention include any cellulose acylate in which three hydroxyl groups in a cellulose unit are at least partially substituted with an acyl group. The acyl group (preferably an acyl group having 3 to 22 carbon atoms) may be either an aliphatic acyl group or an aromatic acyl group. Among them, cellulose acylate having an aliphatic acyl group is preferable, those having an aliphatic acyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms are more preferable, those having an aliphatic acyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms are more preferable, and carbon number More preferably has 3 to 5 aliphatic acyl groups. A plurality of these acyl groups may be present in one molecule. Examples of preferred acyl groups include acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl and the like. Among these, a cellulose acylate having one or more selected from an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butyryl group is more preferable, and an even more preferable one has both an acetyl group and a propionyl group. Cellulose acylate (CAP). The CAP is preferable in terms of easy resin synthesis and high stability of extrusion molding.

When producing a film by the melt extrusion method including the production method of the present invention, the cellulose acylate used preferably satisfies the following formulas (S-1) and (S-2). Cellulose acylate satisfying the following formula has a low melting temperature and improved meltability, and is therefore excellent in melt extrusion film formation.
Formula (S-1) 2.0 ≦ X + Y ≦ 3.0
Formula (S-2) 0.25 <= Y <= 3.0
In the formulas (S-1) and (S-2), X represents the degree of substitution of the acetyl group with respect to the hydroxyl group of cellulose, and Y represents the sum of the degree of substitution of the acyl group with respect to the hydroxyl group of cellulose. The “degree of substitution” in the present specification means the total of the ratio of substitution of hydrogen atoms of hydroxyl groups at the 2-position, 3-position and 6-position of cellulose. When the hydrogen atoms of all hydroxyl groups at the 2nd, 3rd and 6th positions are substituted with acyl groups, the degree of substitution is 3.
Furthermore, it is more preferable to use a cellulose acylate that satisfies the following formulas (S-3) and (S-4).
Formula (S-3) 2.3 ≦ X + Y ≦ 2.95
Formula (S-4) 1.0 ≦ Y ≦ 2.95
It is more preferable to use a cellulose acylate that satisfies the following formulas (S-5) and (S-6).
Formula (S-5) 2.7 ≦ X + Y ≦ 2.95
Formula (S-6) 2.0 ≦ Y ≦ 2.9

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular about the mass average polymerization degree and number average molecular weight of a cellulose acylate-type resin. In general, the mass average degree of polymerization is about 350 to 800, and the number average molecular weight is about 70000 to 230,000. The cellulose acylate resin can be synthesized using an acid anhydride or acid chloride as an acylating agent. In the industrially most general synthesis method, cellulose obtained from cotton linter, wood pulp, etc. is converted into organic acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid) corresponding to acetyl groups and other acyl groups, or their acid anhydrides (anhydrous anhydride). A cellulose ester is synthesized by esterification with a mixed organic acid component containing acetic acid, propionic anhydride, and butyric anhydride). As a method for synthesizing cellulose acylate satisfying the above formulas (S-1) and (S-2), the technical report of the Japan Society of Invention (Public Technical Number 2001-1745, published on March 15, 2001, Japan Society of Invention) 7 Pp. 12 to 12, JP-A-2006-45500, JP-A-2006-241433, JP-A-2007-138141, JP-A-2001-188128, JP-A-2006-142800, JP-A-2007. Reference can be made to the method described in Japanese Patent No. 98917.

  Examples of polycarbonate resins that can be used in the present invention include polycarbonate resins having a bisphenol A skeleton, which are obtained by reacting a dihydroxy component and a carbonate precursor by an interfacial polymerization method or a melt polymerization method. JP-A-2006-277914, JP-A-2006-106386, and JP-A-2006-284703 can be preferably used. For example, “Taflon MD1500” (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) can be used as a commercial product.

The styrenic resin that can be used in the present invention refers to a resin obtained by polymerizing styrene and derivatives thereof as a main component, and copolymers of other resins, and is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. A known styrene-based thermoplastic resin can be used, and a copolymer resin that can improve birefringence, film strength, and heat resistance is particularly preferable.
Examples of the copolymer resin include styrene-acrylonitrile resins, styrene-acrylic resins, styrene-maleic anhydride resins, and multi-component (binary, ternary, etc.) copolymer polymers thereof. Among these, a styrene-maleic anhydride resin is preferable from the viewpoint of film strength.
In the styrene-maleic anhydride resin, the mass composition ratio of styrene and maleic anhydride is preferably styrene: maleic anhydride = 95: 5 to 50:50, and styrene: maleic anhydride = 90: 10. More preferably, it is ˜70: 30. In order to adjust the intrinsic birefringence, hydrogenation of a styrene resin can be preferably used.
Examples of the styrene-maleic anhydride resin include “Daylark D332” manufactured by Nova Chemical Co., Ltd.

The acrylic resin that can be used in the present invention refers to a resin obtained by polymerizing acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and derivatives thereof as main components, and further derivatives thereof, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It does not specifically limit, A well-known methacrylic acid type thermoplastic resin etc. can be used.
Examples of the resin obtained by polymerizing acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and derivatives thereof include those having a structure represented by the following general formula (1).

前記一般式（１）中、Ｒ¹およびＲ²は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または炭素数１〜２０の有機残基を示す。有機残基とは、具体的には、炭素数１〜２０の直鎖状、分枝鎖状、もしくは環状のアルキル基を示す。

In the general formula (1), R ¹ and R ² each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The organic residue specifically represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Specific examples of resins obtained by polymerizing the acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and derivatives thereof include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acrylic. N-butyl acid, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, n-hexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-chloroethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxy (meth) acrylate Propyl, 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyexyl (meth) acrylate and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl (meth) acrylate are preferred, and in terms of excellent thermal stability (meta ) Methyl acrylate (hereinafter also referred to as MMA) is more preferable. Among these, only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together. Further, among these, it may be a single polymer, a copolymer of two or more, or a copolymer of other resins, but from the viewpoint of increasing the glass transition temperature, Particularly preferred is a copolymer with a resin.
Among the acrylic copolymer resins, those containing 30 mol% or more of MMA units (monomer) in all monomers constituting the resin are preferable. In addition to MMA, lactone ring units, maleic anhydride units, glutaric anhydrides More preferably, at least one unit of units is included, and for example, the following can be used.

(1) Acrylic resin containing a lactone ring unit JP 2007-297615 A, JP 2007-63541 A, JP 2007-70607 A, JP 2007-100044 A, JP 2007-254726 A, JP 2007-254727 A , JP 2007-261265, JP 2007-293272, JP 2007-297619, JP 2007-316366, JP 2008-9378, and JP 2008-76764. Can be used. Among these, the resin described in JP-A-2008-9378 is more preferable.
(2) Acrylic resin containing maleic anhydride unit JP 2007-113109 A, JP 2003-292714 A, JP 6-279546 A, JP 2007-51233 A (described here), JP JP-A-2001-270905, JP-A-2002-167694, JP-A-2000-302988, JP-A-2007-111110, JP-A-2007-11565 can be used. Among these, the one described in JP 2007-113109 A is more preferable. A commercially available maleic acid-modified MAS resin (for example, Delpet 980N manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation) can also be preferably used.
(3) Acrylic resin containing glutaric anhydride unit JP-A-2006-241263, JP-A-2004-70290, JP-A-2004-70296, JP-A-2004-126546, JP-A-2004-163924, JP-A-2004 -291302, JP-A-2004-292812, JP-A-2005-314534, JP-A-2005-326613, JP-A-2005-331728, JP-A-2006-131898, JP-A-2006-134882, JP-A-2006- 206881, JP 2006-241197, JP 2006-283013, JP 2007-118266, JP 2007-176982, JP 2007-178504, JP 2007-197703, JP 2008-74918. No., International Publication WO2005 / 105 Those described in each publication such as 918 can be used. Among these, those described in JP-A-2008-74918 are more preferable.
The glass transition temperature (Tg) of these resins is preferably 106 ° C to 170 ° C, more preferably 110 ° C to 160 ° C, still more preferably 115 ° C to 150 ° C.

Among these, the thermoplastic resin is preferably a cyclic olefin resin, more preferably a norbornene resin from the viewpoint of high transparency, birefringence and heat resistance, and an addition polymerization type norbornene. It is particularly preferable that the resin is a series resin.
In addition, when the thermoplastic resin is a copolymer, it may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer.

(Additive)
The film of the present invention may contain a material other than the thermoplastic resin, but contains one or more of the thermoplastic resins as a main component (the highest content ratio among all the materials in the composition). In the aspect which means material and contains 2 or more types of the said resin, it is preferable to contain as the content ratio of those sum total being higher than the content rate of each other material. Examples of materials other than the thermoplastic resin include various additives, and examples thereof include a stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, a plasticizer, fine particles, and an optical adjusting agent.

Stabilizer:
The film of the present invention may contain at least one stabilizer. The stabilizer is preferably added before or when the thermoplastic resin is heated and melted. The stabilizer has effects such as preventing oxidation of the film constituting material, capturing an acid generated by decomposition, and suppressing or inhibiting a decomposition reaction caused by radical species caused by light or heat. Stabilizers are useful for suppressing the occurrence of alterations such as coloring and molecular weight reduction and the generation of volatile components due to various decomposition reactions including unresolved decomposition reactions. Even at the melting temperature for forming a resin film, the stabilizer itself is required to function without being decomposed. Typical examples of stabilizers include phenol-based stabilizers, phosphorous acid-based stabilizers (phosphite-based), thioether-based stabilizers, amine-based stabilizers, epoxy-based stabilizers, and lactone-based stabilizers. Stabilizers, amine stabilizers, metal deactivators (tin stabilizers) and the like are included. These are described in JP-A-3-199201, JP-A-5-1907073, JP-A-5-194789, JP-A-5-271471, JP-A-6-107854, and the like. Then, it is preferable to use at least one or more of a phenol-based or phosphorous acid-based stabilizer. Among phenolic stabilizers, it is particularly preferable to add a phenolic stabilizer having a molecular weight of 500 or more. Preferable phenolic stabilizers include hindered phenolic stabilizers.

  These materials are readily available as commercial products and are sold by the following manufacturers. From Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Irganox 1076, Irganox 1010, Irganox 3113, Irganox 245, Irganox 1135, Irganox 1330, Irganox 259, Irganox 565, Irganx 565, Irganx 565, Ir35x10 Moreover, it can obtain from Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. as ADK STAB AO-50, ADK STAB AO-60, ADK STAB AO-20, ADK STAB AO-70, and ADK STAB AO-80. Furthermore, from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., it can obtain as Sumilizer BP-76, Sumilizer BP-101, Sumilizer GA-80. In addition, it is also possible to obtain as Sinox 326M and Sinox 336B from Sipro Kasei Co., Ltd.

  Moreover, as said phosphorous acid type stabilizer, the compound as described in [0023]-[0039] of Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2004-182979 can be used more preferably. Specific examples of the phosphite ester stabilizer include JP-A-51-70316, JP-A-10-306175, JP-A-57-78431, JP-A-54-157159, Examples thereof include compounds described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 55-13765. Furthermore, as other stabilizers, the materials described in detail on pages 17 to 22 of the Japan Institute of Invention Disclosure Bulletin (Public Technical No. 2001-1745, issued March 15, 2001, Japan Society of Invention) are preferably used. be able to.

  The phosphite stabilizer is useful to have a high molecular weight in order to maintain stability at high temperature, has a molecular weight of 500 or more, more preferably a molecular weight of 550 or more, and particularly a molecular weight of 600 or more. Is preferred. Furthermore, at least one substituent is preferably an aromatic ester group. The phosphite ester stabilizer is preferably a triester, and is desirably free of impurities such as phosphoric acid, monoester and diester. When these impurities are present, the content is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and particularly 2% by mass or less. These include compounds described in [0023] to [0039] of JP-A No. 2004-182979, JP-A-51-70316, JP-A-10-306175, JP-A-57. The compounds described in JP-A-78431, JP-A-54-157159, and JP-A-55-13765 can also be mentioned. Preferable specific examples of the phosphite ester stabilizer include the following compounds, but the phosphite ester stabilizer that can be used in the present invention is not limited thereto.

  These are commercially available from Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. as ADK STAB 1178, 2112, PEP-8, PEP-24G, PEP-36G, HP-10, and Sandostab P-EPQ from Clariant. Is possible. Furthermore, a stabilizer having phenol and phosphite in the same molecule is also preferably used. These compounds are further described in detail in JP-A-10-273494. Examples of the compounds are included in the examples of the stabilizer, but are not limited thereto. As a typical commercial product, Sumitizer GP is available from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. These are commercially available from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. as Sumilizer TPL, TPM, TPS, TDP. Also available from Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. as ADK STAB AO-412S.

  The stabilizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the blending amount thereof is appropriately selected within a range not impairing the object of the present invention. Preferably, the addition amount of the stabilizer is preferably 0.001 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.005 to 3% by mass, and still more preferably 0.01 to 0% with respect to the mass of the thermoplastic resin. 0.8% by mass.

UV absorber:
The film of this invention may contain the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of ultraviolet absorber. From the viewpoint of preventing deterioration, the ultraviolet absorbent is preferably excellent in the ability to absorb ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 380 nm or less and has little absorption of visible light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more from the viewpoint of transparency. Examples include oxybenzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, benzophenone compounds, cyanoacrylate compounds, nickel complex compounds, and the like. Particularly preferred ultraviolet absorbers are benzotriazole compounds and benzophenone compounds. Among these, a benzotriazole-based compound is preferable because unnecessary coloring with respect to the cellulose mixed ester is small. These are disclosed in JP-A-60-235852, JP-A-3-199201, 5-1907073, 5-194789, 5-271471, 6-107854, 6-118233, 6 -148430, 7-11056, 7-11055, 7-11056, 8-29619, 8-239509, and JP-A-2000-204173.
The addition amount of the ultraviolet absorber is preferably 0.01 to 2% by mass of the thermoplastic resin, and more preferably 0.01 to 1.5% by mass.

Light stabilizer:
The film of the present invention may contain one or more light stabilizers. Light stabilizers include hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) compounds, more specifically, US Pat. No. 4,619,956, columns 5-11 and US Pat. No. 4,839. 2,405, 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine compounds, or their acid addition salts or complexes of them with metal compounds. These are commercially available from Asahi Denka as ADK STAB LA-57, LA-52, LA-67, LA-62, LA-77, and TINUVIN 765, 144 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals. .

  These hindered amine light stabilizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. These hindered amine light stabilizers may of course be used in combination with additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers, UV absorbers, etc., or may be introduced into a part of the molecular structure of these additives. Good. The blending amount is determined within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention, and is generally about 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 0.02 to 15 parts per 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin. About mass parts, and particularly preferably about 0.05 to 10 mass parts. The light stabilizing agent may be added at any stage of preparing the melt of the thermoplastic resin composition, for example, at the end of the melt preparation process.

Plasticizer:
The film of the present invention may contain a plasticizer. The addition of a plasticizer is preferable from the viewpoint of film modification such as improvement of mechanical properties, imparting flexibility, imparting water absorption resistance, and reducing moisture permeability. In addition, when the film of the present invention is produced by a melt film-forming method, for the purpose of lowering the melting temperature of the film constituting material by adding a plasticizer rather than the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin used, or without addition Will be added for the purpose of lowering the viscosity at the same heating temperature than the other thermoplastic resins. For the film of the present invention, for example, a plasticizer selected from phosphoric acid ester derivatives and carboxylic acid ester derivatives is preferably used. Further, a polymer obtained by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 described in JP-A-2003-12859, an acrylic polymer, an acrylic polymer having an aromatic ring in the side chain, or a cyclohexyl group An acrylic polymer or the like having in the side chain is also preferably used.

Fine particles:
The film of the present invention may contain fine particles. Examples of the fine particles include fine particles of inorganic compounds and fine particles of organic compounds, and any of them may be used. The average primary particle size of the fine particles contained in the thermoplastic resin in the present invention is preferably 5 nm to 3 μm, more preferably 5 nm to 2.5 μm, more preferably 10 nm to 2.0 μm from the viewpoint of keeping haze low. More preferably. Here, the average primary particle size of the fine particles is determined by observing the thermoplastic resin with a transmission electron microscope (magnification of 500,000 to 1,000,000 times) and determining the average value of the primary particle sizes of 100 particles. The addition amount of the fine particles is preferably 0.005 to 1.0% by mass with respect to the thermoplastic resin, more preferably 0.01 to 0.8% by mass, and further preferably 0.02 to 0%. 4% by mass.

Optical adjusting agent:
The film of the present invention may contain an optical adjusting agent. Examples of the optical adjusting agent include a retardation adjusting agent, for example, those described in JP-A Nos. 2001-166144, 2003-344655, 2003-248117, and 2003-66230. Can be used. By adding an optical adjusting agent, in-plane retardation (Re) and thickness direction retardation (Rth) can be controlled. A preferable addition amount is 0 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0 to 8% by mass, and further preferably 0 to 6% by mass.

[Film Production Method]
The method for producing a film of the present invention includes a step of melt-extruding a composition containing a thermoplastic resin from a die, and a first pinching surface constituting a pinching device for the melt-extruded melt (hereinafter also referred to as melt) And a step of forming a film by continuously pressing between the second pressing surface and the second pressing surface, wherein the melt is extruded from the die on the first pressing surface or the second clamping surface. Film formation is performed while periodically changing the landing point on the pressing surface by 0.01 to 5 mm, and the moving speed of the first pressing surface is made faster than the moving speed of the second pressing surface. It is characterized by. Examples of the clamping device having different speeds on the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface include, for example, a combination of two rolls having different peripheral speeds (for example, a combination of a cooling (chill) roll and a touch roll), Examples thereof include a combination of a roll and a touch belt having different speeds described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-219752. Among these, it is preferable that the two rolls have different peripheral speeds from the viewpoint of being able to apply a high pressure of 30 to 500 kgf / cm uniformly and from the standpoint of expression of the inclined structure. The roll pressure can be measured by passing a pressure measurement film (such as a prescale for medium pressure by Fuji Film) through two rolls.
Hereinafter, the film production method of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as the production method of the present invention) will be described in detail.

(Melt extrusion)
In the production method of the present invention, first, a composition containing a thermoplastic resin (sometimes referred to as a “thermoplastic resin composition”) is melt-extruded. Prior to melt extrusion, the thermoplastic resin composition is preferably pelletized. Commercially available thermoplastic resins (for example, TOPAS # 6013, Toughlon MD1500, Delpet 980N, DayLark D332, etc.) may be pelletized, but if not pelletized, the following method may be used. it can.
The thermoplastic resin composition is dried, melted at 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. using a twin-screw kneading extruder, and then extruded into noodles, and solidified in air or water and cut. Further, after melting by an extruder, it can be pelletized by an underwater cutting method in which it is cut while being directly extruded from a die into water. Extruders used for pelletization include single screw extruders, non-meshing different direction rotating twin screw extruders, meshing different direction rotating twin screw extruders, and meshing same direction rotating twin screw extruders. Etc. can be used. The number of revolutions of the extruder is preferably 10 rpm to 1000 rpm, more preferably 20 rpm to 700 rpm. The extrusion residence time is 10 seconds to 10 minutes, more preferably 20 seconds to 5 minutes.
No particular limitation is imposed on the size of the pellets is generally about 10mm ³ ~1000mm ^3, more preferably about 30 mm ³ 500 mm ^3.

  It is preferred to reduce the moisture in the pellets prior to melt extrusion. A preferable drying temperature is 40 to 200 ° C, more preferably 60 to 150 ° C. Thereby, the moisture content is preferably 1.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.1% by mass or less. Drying may be performed in air, nitrogen, or vacuum.

  Next, the dried pellets are supplied into the cylinder through the supply port of the extruder, and are kneaded and melted. The inside of the cylinder is composed of, for example, a supply unit, a compression unit, and a measurement unit in order from the supply port side. The screw compression ratio of the extruder is preferably 1.5 to 4.5, the ratio of the cylinder length to the cylinder inner diameter (L / D) is preferably 20 to 70, and the cylinder inner diameter is preferably 30 mm to 150 mm. The extrusion temperature is determined according to the melting temperature of the thermoplastic resin, but generally about 190 to 300 ° C is preferable. Furthermore, in order to prevent the molten resin from being oxidized by residual oxygen, it is also preferable to carry out the inside of the extruder in an inert (nitrogen or the like) air flow or while evacuating using an extruder with a vent.

  It is preferable to provide a filtration apparatus incorporating a breaker plate type filtration or a leaf type disk filter for filtering foreign matter in the thermoplastic resin composition. Filtration may be performed in one stage or may be performed in multistage filtration. The filtration accuracy is preferably 15 μm to 3 μm, more preferably 10 μm to 3 μm. It is desirable to use stainless steel as the filter medium. As the configuration of the filter medium, a knitted wire, a sintered metal fiber or metal powder (sintered filter medium) can be used, and among them, a sintered filter medium is preferable.

  In order to reduce the fluctuation of the discharge amount and improve the thickness accuracy, it is preferable to provide a gear pump between the extruder and the die. Thereby, the resin pressure fluctuation width in the die can be within ± 1%. In order to improve the quantitative supply performance by the gear pump, a method of controlling the pressure before the gear pump to be constant by changing the number of rotations of the screw can also be used.

  The molten resin is melted by the extruder configured as described above, and the molten resin is continuously fed to the die via a filter and a gear pump as necessary. The die may be any of a T die, a fish tail die, and a hanger coat die. It is also preferable to insert a static mixer immediately before the die to increase the uniformity of the resin temperature.

The clearance of the die exit portion is generally 1.0 to 30 times the film thickness, preferably 5.0 to 20 times.
In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the radius of curvature of the tip of the die lip is not particularly limited, and a known die can be used.

It is preferable that the die can be adjusted in thickness at intervals of 5 to 50 mm. An automatic thickness adjustment die that calculates downstream film thickness and thickness deviation and feeds back the results to die thickness adjustment is also effective.
In addition to the single layer film forming apparatus, it is also possible to manufacture using a multilayer film forming apparatus.
Thus, the residence time from when the resin enters the extruder through the supply port until it exits from the die is preferably 3 to 40 minutes, more preferably 4 to 30 minutes.

(cast)
Next, the melt of the thermoplastic resin is extruded from the die into a film, and the melt-extruded melt is continuously sandwiched between the first sandwiching surface and the second sandwiching surface constituting the sandwiching device, and then cooled and solidified. To obtain a film. At this time, one of the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface is peeled off first from the melt, and then the other surface is peeled off from the other surface to stabilize the productivity and melt. It is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing sticking to the pinching device and reducing projection unevenness due to this. In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the moving speed of the first pressing surface is faster than the moving speed of the second pressing surface, but the surface to be peeled first is the second pressing surface even if it is the first pressing surface. However, from the viewpoint of suppressing the peeling dan, it is preferable that the first surface to be peeled first is the first pinching surface (pressing surface having a high moving speed).

The film production method of the present invention is characterized in that the film is formed while periodically changing the landing point of the melt extruded from the die by 0.01 to 5 mm. Hereinafter, the range in which the landing point of the melt varies is also referred to as a melt landing point fluctuation range. Here, the landing point of the melt refers to a point where the melt extruded from the die first contacts (lands) the first pressing surface or the second pressing surface of the pressing device. Further, the melt landing point fluctuation range is two points of the landing point on the first pinching surface side and the landing point on the second pinching surface side that are the most distant when the landing point of the periodically changing melt is photographed for 10 minutes. Is the length of the line connecting the two points projected from the vertical direction. Note that, even if the shape of the first clamping surface or the second clamping surface of the clamping device is rectangular or cylindrical, the fluctuation range of the melt landing point can be obtained in the same manner, and the preferred range is also the same.
The fluctuation range of the melt landing point is more preferably 0.03 mm to 4 mm, and still more preferably 0.05 mm to 3 mm.
In the film forming method using a normal clamping device, the melt is dropped while being fixed to the midpoint between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface of the clamping device. The midpoint of the gap between the first and second clamping surfaces of the clamping device is the first of the clamping devices where the gap between the first and second clamping surfaces of the clamping device is the narrowest. It refers to the midpoint between the pinching surface and the second pinching surface. On the other hand, the production method of the present invention is characterized in that the dropping position of the melt is periodically varied within the above range. As a result, the melt landing point becomes the first clamping surface or the second clamping surface. As a result, it is possible to give a temperature difference between the front and back of the melt, thereby preventing the melt from sticking to the surface to be peeled first after the clamping of the clamping device after being clamped, Uneven projection caused by the mechanism can be reduced. That is, when the melt has landed on the surface that is peeled off first after the pinching, the surface that is peeled off first after the pinching is cooled first, so that it is easy to peel off and projection unevenness can be reduced. However, in this state, the melt bends in a direction along the surface to be peeled first after the clamping. It is necessary to curve this immediately after the pinching and to the surface that is not peeled off immediately after the pinching. For this reason, distortion is generated in the melt, thereby causing uneven orientation and uneven thickness. For this reason, it is necessary to move the melt landing point to a surface that is not peeled off immediately after the clamping. Thereafter, in order to prevent the adhesion of the melt to the surface that is peeled off first after clamping, the melt adhesion point is again transferred to the surface that is peeled off first after clamping. In this way, it is preferable to vary the landing point of the melt within the above range.

If the melt landing point fluctuation width is 5 mm or less, the melt does not cool excessively on the first clamping surface or the second clamping surface of the clamping device, and between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface of the clamping device. Since sufficient shear deformation can be imparted to the melt, a film having a preferable range of γ, Re, and Rth can be obtained. Furthermore, the adhesion effect of the melt on the surface that is peeled off first after the clamping is not excessively suppressed, and the projection unevenness is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the present invention. As a result, the film does not become too smooth, and curling is less likely to occur when a long film is wound on a roll, which is preferable.
On the other hand, if the fluctuation range of the melt landing point is 0.01 mm or more, the effect of preventing adhesion of the melt as described above can be sufficiently obtained, and uneven projection can be suppressed. Furthermore, the melt is sandwiched between the touch roll and the chill roll in a state of being easily deformed at a high temperature, and if the melt landing point fluctuation range is 0.01 mm or more, the shear deformation (γ), Re and Rth can be controlled within a preferable range, preferable.

  In this way, changing the landing point of the melt as in the present invention produces an effect when film formation is performed with the above-described clamping apparatus, and in particular, the first clamping surface and the first clamping surface of the clamping apparatus. This is particularly noticeable when a film is formed with a speed difference between the two clamping surfaces.

  Such variation of the landing point of the melt may be achieved by any method, for example, vibration may be applied to the die, and vibration may be applied to the first clamping surface or the second clamping surface of the clamping device. Alternatively, vibration may be applied to the melt between the die and the first clamping surface or the second clamping surface (air gap) of the clamping device. For example, an eccentric motor may be installed between the extruder and the die, and vibrations generated therefrom may be propagated to the die to change the landing point of the melt. Further, vibration may be applied by decentering the motor of the extruder. Alternatively, the melt between one surface of the die and the clamping device (air gap) may be given a wind having a frequency variation to vibrate the melt and vibrate the landing point. The wind having such a frequency variation can be achieved by modulating the motor rotation speed of a blower that is air-conditioning a room in which a fan or a film forming machine for blowing air to the air gap is installed. In particular, since the melt vibration of the present invention is small, it is possible to obtain a sufficient landing point vibration effect by simply modulating the wind of the blower that is air-conditioning the room without blowing in a modulated wind aiming at the air gap. Can do. Further, an acoustic device as described in JP-A-8-1076 and an ultrasonic vibrator described in JP-A-2002-128900 may be installed in the air gap to give vibration to the melt. Such vibration is preferably 0.1 Hz to 90 Hz, more preferably 0.5 Hz to 60 Hz, and further preferably 1 Hz to 30 Hz. Here, in the present specification, the frequency does not need to regularly vibrate at the same period (time), and refers to the number of times of vibration per second regardless of the period.

In the production method of the present invention, when the melt-extruded melt is continuously clamped between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface constituting the clamping device, the pressure is set between 30 to 500 kgf. / Cm is preferred. By setting the pressure between the clamping devices within this range, the clamping device presses the melt. Therefore, even if there is a melt vibration as described above, the propagation of the vibration to the touch roll can be suppressed. Uneven projection due to uneven thickness caused by vibration of the pressure device can be suppressed. If it is 30 kgf / cm or more, the thickness unevenness due to the vibration of the clamping device is unlikely to occur, and the occurrence of uneven projection is also suppressed. If it is 500 kgf / cm or less, it is preferable because the melt is strongly adhered to the pinching device and does not become difficult to peel off, and generation of projection unevenness due to uneven peeling can be suppressed. A more preferable pressure is 35 to 300 kgf / cm, and further preferably 40 to 200 kgf / cm.
Further, the γ can be achieved by setting the pressure between the clamping devices. That is, if it is 30 kgf / cm or more, the effect of the speed difference can be sufficiently exhibited (the effect of roll misalignment can be sufficiently transmitted to the film), and the above γ can be exhibited. On the other hand, if it is 500 kgf / cm or less, the shearing force does not propagate to the melt and γ does not become too large. In either case, the viewing angle when incorporated in a liquid crystal display panel is improved, and when the viewing angle is improved in this way, the image becomes easier to see when assembled on a liquid crystal display panel, and as a result, display unevenness in black display is visually recognized. It becomes difficult to be done and is preferable.

In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the moving speed difference between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface of the clamping device defined by the following formula (A) is adjusted to 1 to 40%, and the molten resin provides the clamping device. It is preferable to produce a film of the present invention by applying shear stress when passing through. The moving speed difference between the first and second clamping surfaces of the clamping device is preferably 3 to 35%, and more preferably 4 to 30%.
Formula (A)
Difference in moving speed (%) = 100 × {(moving speed of first pressing surface) − (moving speed of second pressing surface)}
/ (Moving speed of the first clamping surface)
When the speed difference is 40% or less, it is difficult to receive a large force when peeling, and thus projection unevenness is unlikely to occur, and γ does not exceed the range of the present invention, and the viewing angle when incorporated in a liquid crystal display panel is improved. . For this reason, the image is easy to visually recognize, and as a result, the display unevenness of the black display is hardly visually recognized.
When the peripheral speed difference is 1% or more, the melt is less likely to stick to the roll, and uneven projection is less likely to occur. Further, the viewing angle is improved, which is preferable.

  In the production method of the present invention, the magnitude of the torque of the motor that drives the clamping device is preferably 500 to 50000 N · m per 1 m of film width from the viewpoint of easily developing a tilted structure, and preferably 1000 to 40000 N · More preferably m, particularly preferably 1500 to 30000 N · m.

The range of the viscosity of the melt in the production method of the present invention is preferably 300 to 8000 Pa · s, more preferably 500 to 6000 Pa · s, and particularly preferably 700 to 4000 Pa · s. The viscosity of the melt referred to here refers to the viscosity at the temperature at the moment when the melt is extruded from the die.
In the production method of the present invention, the discharge temperature (resin temperature at the die outlet) is preferably Tg + 50 to Tg + 200 ° C., more preferably Tg + 70 to Tg + 180 ° C., from the viewpoint of improving the moldability of the resin and suppressing deterioration. Tg + 90 to Tg + 150 ° C. is particularly preferable. That is, if Tg + 50 ° C. or higher, the viscosity of the resin is sufficiently low and the moldability is good, and if Tg + 200 ° C. or lower, the resin is less likely to deteriorate.
In the production method of the present invention, the air gap (distance from the die outlet to the melt landing point of the pinching device) is preferably as close as possible from the viewpoint of heat retention of the melt between the die and the pinching device, Specifically, the thickness is preferably 10 to 300 mm, more preferably 20 to 250 mm, and particularly preferably 30 to 200 mm.

(Cast using two rolls)
Among the methods of continuously passing between the clamping devices, it is preferable to pass between two rolls (for example, a touch roll (first roll) and a chill roll (second roll)). In addition, in this specification, when it has multiple casting rolls which convey the said melt, the casting roll nearest to the most upstream die | dye is also called a chill roll. Hereinafter, the preferable aspect of the manufacturing method of this invention using two rolls is demonstrated.

In the method for producing a film of the present invention, when casting using two rolls, the film is similarly produced by varying the fluctuation range of the melt landing point by 0.01 mm to 5 mm. Hereinafter, in the case of casting using two rolls, the description of the case of the above-described pressing device will be specifically described.
Usually, in the film forming method using the touch roll, the melt is dropped while being fixed to the midpoint of the touch roll and the cooling roll. However, the present invention is characterized in that the dropping position of the melt is changed to the above range. Thereby, the landing point of the melt becomes a touch roll or a cooling roll. As a result, a temperature difference can be given to the front and back of the melt, whereby the melt can be prevented from sticking to the touch roll after being touched, and projection unevenness generated by the mechanism can be reduced. That is, when the melt has landed on the touch roll, the surface on the touch roll side is cooled first, so that it is easy to peel off, and uneven projection can be reduced. However, in this state, the melt bends in the direction along the touch roll. It is necessary to bend this toward the cooling roll immediately after touching. For this reason, distortion is generated in the melt, thereby causing uneven orientation and uneven thickness. For this reason, it is necessary to move the landing point of the melt to the cooling roll side. Thereafter, in order to prevent the adhesion of the melt to the touch roll, the melt landing point is moved again to the touch roll side. In this way, it is preferable to vary the landing point of the melt within the above range.
The landing point of the melt refers to a point where the melt extruded from the die comes into contact (landing) with the touch roll or chill roll for the first time. The midpoint of the gap between the touch roll and the cast roll refers to the midpoint of the touch roll surface and the cast roll surface where the gap between the touch roll and the cast roll is the narrowest.
If the melt landing point variation width is 5 mm or less, the melt is not cooled excessively on the cooling roll or the touch roll, and sufficient slip deformation can be imparted between the cooling roll and the touch roll. Films in the range of Re and Rth can be obtained. Furthermore, the effect of adhesion of the melt to the touch roll is not excessively suppressed, and the projection unevenness is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the present invention. As a result, the film does not become too smooth, and curling is less likely to occur when a long film is wound on a roll, which is preferable.
On the other hand, if the fluctuation range of the melt landing point is 0.01 mm or more, the effect of preventing adhesion of the melt as described above can be sufficiently obtained, and uneven projection can be suppressed. Furthermore, the melt is sandwiched between the touch roll and the chill roll in a state of being easily deformed at a high temperature, and if the melt landing point fluctuation range is 0.01 mm or more, the shear deformation (γ), Re and Rth can be controlled within a preferable range, preferable.
In this way, changing the landing point of the melt as in the present invention is effective when the film formation using the two rolls as described above is performed, but particularly in the touch roll and the cooling (chill) roll. This is particularly noticeable when forming a film with a difference in peripheral speed.

  The surface of the two rolls (for example, a touch roll or a casting roll) preferably has an arithmetic average height Ra of 100 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less, and further preferably 25 nm or less.

  The touch pressure between the two rolls is preferably 30 to 500 kgf / cm. By setting the touch pressure within this range, a more preferable touch pressure is 35 to 300 kgf / cm, and further preferably 40 to 200 kgf / cm. The effect of the touch pressure on the display unevenness is the same as the effect of the pressure between the clamping devices.

  In the manufacturing method of the present invention, in order to pressurize the roll pressure in the above range, the cylinder set value is appropriately changed. The cylinder set value varies depending on the resin material used and the material of the two rolls. For example, when the effective width of the film-like melt is 200 mm, it is preferably 3 to 100 KN, and preferably 3 to 50 KN. Is more preferable, and 3 to 25 KN is particularly preferable.

In the production method of the present invention, in order to pressurize the roll pressure in the above range, it is preferable to use a roll having a roll hardness of 45 HS or more. The Shore hardness of the two preferable rolls is preferably 50 HS or more, and more preferably 60 to 90 HS.
The Shore hardness can be determined from the average value of values measured at 5 points in the roll width direction and 5 points in the circumferential direction using the method of JIS Z 2246.

The material of the two rolls is preferably a metal from the viewpoint of achieving wide film formation with a film formation width of 1 m or more and high-speed film formation with a film formation speed of 10 m / min or more. That is, when wide film formation or high-speed film formation is performed, the stress applied to the touch roll increases, and roll deformation increases. By using a metal roll, the rigidity is strong, and even when stress increases as the width is increased, the metal roll is less likely to be deformed.
From the viewpoint of achieving the Shore hardness, the material of the two rolls is preferably a metal, more preferably stainless steel, and a roll whose surface is plated is also preferred. Moreover, if the material of two rolls is a metal, since the surface unevenness | corrugation is small and the surface of a film is hard to be damaged, it is preferable. On the other hand, a rubber roll or a metal roll lined with rubber can be used without particular limitation as long as the roll pressure can be achieved.

  In the production method of the present invention, the thickness of the touch roll is preferably 6 mm to 45 mm from the viewpoint of achieving wide film formation with a film formation width of 1 m or more and high-speed film formation with a film formation speed of 10 m / min or more. More preferably, it is 10 mm-40 mm, More preferably, it is 15 mm-35 mm. If the thickness of the touch roll is 6 mm or more, even if wide film formation or high-speed film formation is performed, the rigidity of the touch roll will not be insufficient, and the touch roll will not be deformed unevenly in the width direction by pressing. This is preferable because the occurrence of uneven alignment (projection unevenness) due to the above can be suppressed. If the thickness of the touch roll is 45 mm or less, the roll is not too rigid and can be appropriately subtly deformed according to the uneven thickness of the melt. By using a roll that can be subtly deformed in this way, if the thickness unevenness occurs, the touch roll can be deformed accordingly, and touch unevenness is less likely to occur. Therefore, the occurrence of uneven alignment (projection unevenness) can be suppressed, which is preferable. In the present invention, by using a roll having such a thickness, the occurrence of uneven projection can be further suppressed, and the uneven display of black display when incorporated into a liquid crystal display device can be suppressed. Conventional touch rolls made of metal are as thin as 2 to 5 mm as disclosed in JP-A-11-235747, or 50 mm or more like a calendar roll, and a roll with a thickness of 6 mm to 45 mm can be used. The effect at the time of adopting the roll having such a thickness has not been known.

  As for the touch roll, for example, JP-A-11-314263, JP-A-2002-36332, JP-A-11-235747, WO97 / 28950, JP-A-2004-216717, JP The thing of 2003-145609 gazette can be utilized.

Furthermore, in the manufacturing method of this invention, it is preferable to adjust the peripheral speed difference of the touch roll and chill roll which allow a film-form melt to pass through. The difference in peripheral speed between the touch roll and the chill roll is preferably 1% to 40%, more preferably 3% to 25%, and still more preferably 4% to 20%. When two rolls are used, the speed difference of the pressing device corresponds to the peripheral speed difference between the two rolls, and the preferable range for suppressing uneven display of black display is also the same.
In order to obtain the film of the present invention, the speed of the two rolls may be higher, but when the touch roll is slow, the bank is formed on the touch roll side (the excess of the melt stays on the roll and forms. Formed residue) is formed. Since the touch roll has a short contact time with the melt, the bank formed on the touch roll side cannot be sufficiently cooled, and a peeling dan is generated, which easily causes a surface failure. Therefore, it is preferable that the slow roll is a chill roll (second roll) and the fast roll is a touch roll (first roll).

  Furthermore, in the production method of the present invention, it is preferable to use a roll having a large diameter as each of the two rolls. Specifically, two rolls having a diameter of 350 to 600 nm, more preferably 350 to 500 nm are used. Is preferred. When a roll with a large diameter is used, the contact area between the film-like melt and the roll becomes wide, and the time for shearing becomes longer. Therefore, a film with a large difference between Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °] is used. Moreover, it can be manufactured while suppressing variations in Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °]. In the production method of the present invention, the diameters of the two rolls may be the same or different.

  In the manufacturing method of the present invention, it is preferable that the two rolls are driven at different peripheral speeds. The two rolls may be driven or driven independently. However, in order to suppress variations in Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °] and Re [−40 °], the two rolls are preferably driven independently. .

Further, in order to increase the difference between Re [40 °] and Re [−40 °], the surface temperature of the two rolls may be made different. A preferable temperature difference is 5 ° C to 80 ° C, more preferably 20 ° C to 80 ° C, and further preferably 20 ° C to 60 ° C. At that time, the temperature of the two rolls is Tg−70 ° C. to Tg + 20 ° C., more preferably Tg−50 ° C. to Tg + 10 ° C., more preferably Tg−40 ° C. to Tg + 5 ° C., using the glass transition temperature Tg of the resin. Set to. Such temperature control can be achieved by passing a temperature-controlled liquid or gas through the touch roll.
The glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin is measured by adding a resin to a measurement pan using a scanning differential calorimeter (DSC) and raising the temperature from 30 ° C. to 300 ° C. at 10 ° C./min in a nitrogen stream. (1st-run), and then cooled to 30 ° C. at −10 ° C./min, and again heated from 30 ° C. to 300 ° C. at 10 ° C./min (2nd-run). The temperature at which the baseline starts to deviate from the low temperature side in 2nd-run can be obtained as the glass transition temperature (Tg).

In the production method of the present invention, the melt is preferably kept warm until the melt is extruded from the die and comes into contact with at least one of the two rolls to reduce the temperature distribution in the width direction. The temperature distribution in the direction is preferably within 5 ° C. In order to reduce the temperature distribution, a member having a heat insulating function or a heat reflecting function is disposed in at least a part of the passage between the melt die and the two rolls to shield the melt from the outside air. Is preferred. Thus, by arranging the heat insulating member in the passage and shielding it from the outside air, it is possible to suppress the influence of the external environment, for example, wind, and to suppress the temperature distribution in the width direction of the film. The temperature distribution in the width direction of the film-like melt is more preferably within ± 3 ° C., and even more preferably within ± 1 ° C.
Furthermore, when the said shielding member is used, since it can pass between rolls in the state with the high temperature of a film-form melt, ie, a state with low melt viscosity, there also exists an effect which is easy to produce the film of this invention.
The temperature distribution of the film-like melt can be measured with a contact thermometer or a non-contact thermometer.

The said shielding member is provided inside the both ends of two rolls, for example, via the width direction side surface of die | dye, and a clearance gap. The shielding plate may be directly fixed to the side surface of the die, or may be supported and fixed by a support member. For example, the width of the shielding member is preferably equal to or greater than the width of the side surface of the die so that the rising airflow due to heat dissipation of the die can be efficiently blocked.
The gap between the shielding member and the end in the width direction of the film-like melt is preferably narrow so as to efficiently shield the rising airflow flowing along the surface of the roll. More preferably, it is about 50 mm from the part. Note that the gap between the side surface of the die and the shielding member is not necessarily provided, but is preferably formed to an extent that allows airflow in the space surrounded by the shielding member to be discharged, for example, 10 mm or less.
In addition, as the material having a heat insulating function and / or a heat reflecting function, a material excellent in wind insulation and heat retention is preferable. For example, a metal plate such as stainless steel can be preferably used.

  As a method of eliminating variations in Re [0 °], Re [+ 40 °], and Re [−40 °], there is a method of increasing adhesion when a film-like melt comes into contact with a casting roll. Specifically, the adhesion can be improved by combining electrostatic application method, air knife method, air chamber method, vacuum nozzle method and the like. Such an adhesion improving method may be performed on the entire surface of the film-like melt or may be partially performed.

  After film formation in this way, it is preferable to cool the film by using one or more casting rolls in addition to two rolls (for example, a casting roll and a touch roll) that allow the film-like melt to pass through. The touch roll is usually arranged so as to touch the first casting roll on the most upstream side (closer to the die). In general, it is relatively common to use three cooling rolls, but this is not a limitation. The distance between the plurality of casting rolls is preferably 0.3 mm to 300 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 100 mm, and still more preferably 3 mm to 30 mm between the surfaces.

  In the production method of the present invention, from the viewpoint of effectively reducing the projection unevenness, the film forming width is preferably 1 m to 4 m, more preferably 1.2 m to 3.5 m, and still more preferably 1.4 m. ~ 3m. Since both ends of the melt are more likely to drop in temperature due to the air gap than at the center, there is a difference between the end and the center in the effect of preventing adhesion due to fluctuations in the melt landing point. Since the widths at both ends are constant regardless of the melt width, unevenness (projection unevenness) resulting from the difference in the effect of preventing adhesion becomes more conspicuous as the film forming width is narrow, which is not preferable. Conventionally, the film forming width is not so wide, and for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-38646, it was 0.65 m or less. On the other hand, by forming the film with a wide width of 1 m or more, the ratio of the melt end portion in the entire melt is reduced, so that it is possible to suppress projection unevenness due to temperature unevenness as described above. On the other hand, if the film forming width is 4 m or less, irregular melt landing points where the film is less likely to flutter during transport, part of the melt lands on the touch roll and the other part of the melt lands on the cooling roll. Fluctuations are less likely to occur. Therefore, it is possible to suppress unevenness due to irregular fluctuations in the melt landing point, and it is preferable that unevenness in projection hardly occurs. In addition, the film forming width here refers to the width immediately after the melt is peeled off from the cooling roll (in a state where the ear is not worn).

  Further, it is preferable to trim both ends of the processed film. The portion cut off by trimming may be crushed and used again as a raw material. Further, it is also preferable to perform a thickness increasing process (knurling process) on one or both ends. The height of the unevenness due to the thickness increasing process is preferably 1 μm to 50 μm, more preferably 3 μm to 20 μm. Thickening processing may be convex on both sides or convex on one side. The width of the thickness increasing process is preferably 1 mm to 50 mm, more preferably 3 mm to 30 mm. Extrusion can be performed at room temperature to 300 ° C. It is also preferable to attach a lami film on one side or both sides before winding. The thickness of the laminated film is preferably 5 μm to 100 μm, more preferably 10 μm to 50 μm. The material is not particularly limited, such as polyethylene, polyester, and polypropylene.

  The film forming speed is preferably 10 to 50 m / min, more preferably 15 to 40 m / min, and particularly preferably 20 to 35 m / min. Thus, when the film is formed at a high speed of 10 m / min or more, the melt that has come out of the die reaches the pressing device (touch roll, cooling roll) without being cooled too much by the air gap. Hateful. As a result, a sufficient shearing force can be applied and γ can be sufficiently produced. Further, since the adhesion of the melt to the pinching device becomes sufficient, it is difficult for touch failure to occur, and it is possible to suppress the occurrence of uneven thickness or uneven alignment (projection unevenness) due to uneven touch. If it is 50 m / min or less, the unevenness of the thickness hardly occurs in the melt due to the pulsation (vibration) of the extruder, and the unevenness of projection due to this hardly occurs, which is preferable.

  The winding tension is preferably 2 kg / m width to 50 kg / width, more preferably 5 kg / m width to 30 kg / width.

(Stretching, relaxation treatment)
In the manufacturing method of this invention, after forming into a film by the said method, it is preferable to extend | stretch at a draw ratio of 1.05 times-4 times in at least 1 direction. By such stretching, unevenness in thickness and unevenness in alignment are extended and homogenized, and display unevenness (lightness / darkness unevenness) in black display is reduced. If the draw ratio is 1.05 times or more, the effect of homogenizing unevenness in thickness and orientation is insufficient, and if the draw ratio is 4 times or less, black display unevenness (brightness / darkness unevenness) due to the unevenness of drawing. Generation can be suppressed. The draw ratio is more preferably 1.1 times to 3 times, and still more preferably 1.2 times to 2.5 times. The stretching temperature is preferably Tg-5 ° C to Tg + 50 ° C.
Further, stretching and / or relaxation treatment may be performed. For these stretching and the like, for example, each step can be carried out by the following combinations (a) to (g).
(A) transverse stretching (b) transverse stretching → relaxation treatment (c) longitudinal stretching (d) longitudinal stretching → relaxation treatment (e) longitudinal (transverse) stretching → lateral (longitudinal) stretching (f) longitudinal (transverse) stretching → lateral (Longitudinal) stretching → relaxation treatment (g) Transverse stretching → relaxation treatment → longitudinal stretching → relaxation treatment Among these, the steps (a) to (d) are particularly preferable.

The transverse stretching can be performed using a tenter. That is, the film is stretched by holding both ends in the width direction with clips and widening the film in the lateral direction. At this time, the stretching temperature can be controlled by sending wind at a desired temperature into the tenter. The stretching temperature is preferably Tg-5 ° C to Tg + 50 ° C, more preferably Tg-5 ° C to Tg + 45 ° C, and further preferably Tg-10 ° C to Tg + 20 ° C or less. Moreover, a preferable lateral stretch ratio is 1.1 to 3 times, more preferably 1.2 to 2.5 times, and still more preferably 1.2 to 2.0 times.
By performing preheating before stretching and heat setting after stretching, the Re and Rth distribution after stretching can be reduced, and the variation in orientation angle associated with bowing can be reduced. Either preheating or heat setting may be performed, but both are more preferable. These preheating and heat setting are preferably performed by holding with a clip, that is, preferably performed continuously with stretching.
Preheating can be performed at a temperature about 1 ° C to 50 ° C higher than the stretching temperature, preferably 2 ° C to 40 ° C or less, more preferably 3 ° C to 30 ° C. The preheating time is preferably 1 second to 10 minutes, more preferably 5 seconds to 4 minutes, and even more preferably 10 seconds to 2 minutes. During preheating, it is preferable to keep the width of the tenter substantially constant. Here, “substantially” refers to ± 10% of the width of the unstretched film.
The heat setting can be performed at a temperature lower by 1 ° C. to 50 ° C. than the stretching temperature, more preferably 2 ° C. to 40 ° C., further preferably 3 ° C. to 30 ° C. More preferably, it is less than the stretching temperature and less than Tg. The preheating time is preferably 1 second to 10 minutes, more preferably 5 seconds to 4 minutes, and even more preferably 10 seconds to 2 minutes. During the heat setting, it is preferable to keep the width of the tenter substantially constant. Here, “substantially” refers to 0% (the same width as the tenter width after stretching) to −10% (shrinking by 10% from the tenter width after stretching = reduced width) of the tenter width after stretching. If the width is wider than the stretched width, residual strain tends to occur in the film, which is not preferable.

Longitudinal stretching can be achieved by making the peripheral speed on the outlet side faster than the peripheral speed on the inlet side while heating between two pairs of rolls. Under the present circumstances, the expression of the retardation of the thickness direction can be changed by changing the space | interval (L) between and the film width (W) before extending | stretching. When L / W (referred to as aspect ratio) is 2 to 50 or less (long span stretching), it is easy to produce a film having a small Rth, and when L / W is 0.01 to 0.3 (short span), a film having a large Rth is used. Can be created. In this embodiment, any of long span stretching, short span stretching, and a region between them (intermediate stretching = L / W exceeds 0.3 and 2 or less) may be used. Span stretching and short span stretching are preferred. Further, when aiming at high Rth, it is more preferable to use short span stretching, and when aiming at low Rth, it is distinguished from long span stretching.
The stretching temperature is preferably Tg-5 ° C to Tg + 50 ° C, more preferably Tg-5 ° C to Tg + 45 ° C, and further preferably Tg-10 ° C to Tg + 20 ° C or less. Moreover, a preferable longitudinal stretch ratio is 1.1 to 3 times, more preferably 1.2 to 2.5 times, and still more preferably 1.2 to 2.0 times.

Furthermore, dimensional stability can be improved by performing relaxation treatment after these stretching. Thermal relaxation is preferably performed either after film formation, after longitudinal stretching, or after lateral stretching, or both. The relaxation treatment may be performed online continuously after stretching, or may be performed offline after winding after stretching.
Thermal relaxation is (Tg-30) ° C to (Tg + 30) ° C, more preferably (Tg-30) ° C to (Tg + 20) ° C, and more preferably (Tg-15) ° C to (Tg + 10) ° C for 1 second to 10 minutes. More preferably 5 seconds to 4 minutes, still more preferably 10 seconds to 2 minutes, 0.1 kg / m to 20 kg / m, more preferably 1 kg / m to 16 kg / m, still more preferably 2 kg / m to 12 kg / m. It is preferable to carry out while conveying with tension.

[Polarizer]
The polarizing plate of the present invention can be obtained by laminating at least a polarizer (hereinafter also referred to as a polarizing film) on the film of the present invention. Hereinafter, the polarizing plate of the present invention will be described. Examples of the polarizing plate of the present invention include a polarizing plate formed on the surface of a polarizing film for the purpose of two functions of a protective film and viewing angle compensation, and a composite polarizing plate laminated on a protective film such as TAC. Can be mentioned.

  If the polarizing plate of this invention uses the film and polarizer of this invention, there will be no restriction | limiting in particular in a structure. For example, when the polarizing plate of the present invention is composed of a polarizer and two polarizing plate protective films (transparent polymer films) that protect both sides of the polarizer, the film of the present invention may be used as at least one polarizing plate protective film. it can. Moreover, the polarizing plate of this invention may have an adhesive layer for sticking with another member in the at least one surface. Moreover, in the polarizing plate of this invention, if the surface of the film of this invention is an uneven | corrugated structure, it will have an anti-glare (anti-glare) function. Further, the polarizing plate of the present invention has an antireflection film of the present invention in which an antireflection layer (low refractive index layer) is further laminated on the surface of the film of the present invention, and further optical anisotropy on the surface of the film of the present invention. It is also preferable to use the optical compensation film of the present invention in which layers are laminated.

  In general, a liquid crystal display device includes four polarizing plate protective films because a liquid crystal cell is provided between two polarizing plates. The film of the present invention may be used for any of the four polarizing plate protective films, but the film of the present invention is particularly advantageous as a protective film disposed between a liquid crystal cell and a polarizing plate in a liquid crystal display device. Can be used.

  The polarizing plate of the present invention more preferably has a configuration in which a cellulose acylate film, a polarizer and a film of the present invention are laminated in this order. Moreover, the structure which the cellulose acylate film, the polarizer, the film of this invention, and the adhesive layer are laminated | stacked in this order is also more preferable.

(Optical film)
The film of the present invention is used for the optical film of the polarizing plate of the present invention. The film can be surface treated. Examples of the surface treatment method include methods such as corona discharge, glow discharge, UV irradiation, and flame treatment.

(Cellulose acylate film)
As the cellulose acylate film of the polarizing plate of the present invention, a known cellulose acylate film for a polarizing plate is used. For example, a known triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film (for example, Fujitac T-60 manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) can be preferably used. The lurose acylate film may be surface treated. Examples of the surface treatment method include saponification treatment.

(Polarizer)
As the polarizer, for example, a film obtained by immersing and stretching a polyvinyl alcohol film in an iodine solution can be used.

  As the polarizer used in the present invention, any appropriate one can be selected as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved. Examples of the polarizer include a uniaxially stretched film obtained by adsorbing a dichroic substance such as iodine or a dichroic dye on a hydrophilic polymer film, a dehydrated polyvinyl alcohol product or a dehydrochlorinated polyvinyl chloride product. And polyene-based oriented films. Examples of the hydrophilic polymer film include a polyvinyl alcohol film, a partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol film, and an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer partially saponified film. In the present invention, a polarizer in which iodine is adsorbed on a polyvinyl alcohol film is preferable.

  The polarizer preferably further contains at least one of potassium and boron. When the polarizer contains potassium and boron, a polarizer (polarizing plate) having a composite elastic modulus (Er) in a preferable range and having a high degree of polarization can be obtained. For production of a polarizer containing at least one of potassium and boron, for example, a film which is a material for forming a polarizer may be immersed in a solution of at least one of potassium and boron. The solution may also serve as a solution containing iodine.

  Any appropriate molding method can be adopted as a method for obtaining the polyvinyl alcohol film. A conventionally known method can be applied as the molding method. Moreover, a commercially available film can be used as it is for the polyvinyl alcohol film. Examples of commercially available polyvinyl alcohol films include the product name “Kuraray Vinylon Film” manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., the product name “Tosero Vinylon Film” manufactured by Tosero Co., Ltd., and the product manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Names include “Nippon Vinylon Film”.

  Regarding an example of a method for producing a polarizer, for example, a polymer film (raw film) mainly composed of a polyvinyl alcohol resin is immersed in a swelling bath containing pure water and a dyeing bath containing an aqueous iodine solution. Swelling treatment and dyeing treatment are performed while applying tension in the film longitudinal direction with different rolls. Next, the film subjected to the swelling treatment and the dyeing treatment is immersed in a crosslinking bath containing potassium iodide, and is subjected to crosslinking treatment and final stretching treatment while tension is applied in the longitudinal direction of the film with rolls having different speed ratios. Is given. The film subjected to crosslinking treatment is immersed in a washing bath containing pure water by a roll and subjected to a washing treatment. The film subjected to the water washing treatment is dried and wound up after adjusting the moisture content. Thus, the polarizer can be obtained by stretching the original film, for example, 5 to 7 times the original length.

  The polarizer may be subjected to any surface modification treatment in order to improve the adhesion with the adhesive. Examples of the surface modification treatment include corona treatment, plasma treatment, glow discharge treatment, flame treatment, ozone treatment, UV ozone treatment, and ultraviolet treatment. These treatments may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(Adhesive layer)
The polarizing plate of the present invention may have an adhesive layer as at least one of the outermost layers (such a polarizing plate may be referred to as an adhesive polarizing plate). As a particularly preferred embodiment, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for adhering to another member such as another optical film or a liquid crystal cell can be provided on the side of the optical film where the polarizer is not adhered.

(Production method of polarizing plate)
The manufacturing method of the polarizing plate of this invention is demonstrated.
The polarizing plate of the present invention can be produced by bonding one side of the film of the present invention (a surface-treated surface in the case of surface treatment) to at least one side of the polarizer using an adhesive. When the cellulose acylate film, the polarizer, and the film of the present invention are bonded together in this order, the polarizing plate of the present invention can be produced by laminating the polarizer and other films using an adhesive on both sides of the polarizer. .
In the manufacturing method of the polarizing plate of this invention, it is preferable that the film of this invention is directly bonded with the polarizer.

  As the adhesive, a known polarizing plate production adhesive can be used. Moreover, the aspect which has an adhesive bond layer between the said polarizer and each film is also preferable. Specific examples of the adhesive include an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetal (eg, polyvinyl butyral) and a latex of a vinyl-based polymer (eg, polybutyl acrylate). A particularly preferred adhesive is an aqueous solution of fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol. The polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive preferably contains a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin and a crosslinking agent.

  The manufacturing method of the polarizing plate of this invention is not limited to said method, Another method can also be used. For example, JP 2000-171635, JP 2003-215563, JP 2004-70296, JP 2005-189437, JP 2006-199788, JP 2006-215463, JP 2006-227090. JP, 2006-243216, JP 2006-243681, JP 2006-259313, JP 2006-276574, JP 2006-316181, JP 2007-10756, JP 2007-128025, Use methods described in JP 2007-140092, JP 2007-171943, JP 2007-197703, JP 2007-316366, JP 2007-334307, JP 2008-20891, etc. it can. Among these, the methods described in JP2007-316366A and JP2008-20891A are more preferable.

  It is preferable that a protective film is also attached to the other surface of the polarizing film, and the protective film may be the film of the present invention. Moreover, the various films conventionally used as a protective film of a polarizing plate, such as a cellulose acylate film and a cyclic polyolefin polymer film, can be used.

  The polarizing plate of the present invention thus obtained is preferably used in a liquid crystal display device, and may be provided on either the viewing side or the backlight side of the liquid crystal cell, or on both sides. Not. Specific examples of the image display device to which the polarizing plate of the present invention can be applied include a self-luminous display device such as an electroluminescence (EL) display, a plasma display (PD), and a field emission display (FED: Field Emission Display). Can be mentioned. The liquid crystal display device is applied to a transmissive liquid crystal display device, a reflective liquid crystal display device, and the like.

[Liquid Crystal Display]
The film and polarizing plate of the present invention can be used for liquid crystal display devices of various modes. Preferably, it can be used for TN (Twisted Nematic), OCB (Optically Compensatory Bend), ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) mode liquid crystal display devices, and more preferably for TN and ECB mode liquid crystal displays.

  The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. The materials, amounts used, ratios, processing details, processing procedures, and the like shown in the following examples can be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific examples shown below.

[Measurement method]
(Melt landing point shift range)
(1) A video camera is installed directly beside the contact point between the touch roll and the cooling roll, and the melt landing point (the point in contact with the roll) is photographed for 10 minutes.
(2) The difference between the landing point on the most distant touch roll side and the landing point on the cooling roll side is defined as a melt landing point shift fluctuation range.

(Rolling crab)
The rolls were rolled up to 3000 m in a constant temperature room at 80 ° C. and left for 1 day. This was converted into the number generated per 100 m and used as a roll.

[Melt landing point fluctuation range control method]
The following two methods were performed as the melt landing point fluctuation range control method in the production method of the present invention.
Die vibration method (D method): The extruder motor was decentered to give vibration.
-Air gap vibration method (Method A): The air motor of the air conditioner in the room where the extruder was installed was decentered to give vibration.

[Production Example 1] Production of pellets of addition polymerization type norbornene resin COC As cyclic olefin resin, pellets of addition polymerization type norbornene resin COC and "TOPAS # 6013" manufactured by Polyplastics were used. “TOPAS # 6013” indicates positive intrinsic birefringence. Moreover, Tg of the said resin was 130 degreeC.

[Production Example 2] Manufacture of pellets of ring-opening polymerization type norbornene resin COP-1 As a cyclic olefin resin, ring-opening polymerization type norbornene resin COP-1 was produced according to Example 1 of WO 98/14499. Was pelletized according to a conventional method. The Tg of the resin was 136 ° C.

[Production Example 3] Production of pellets of ring-opening polymerization norbornene resin COP-2 As a cyclic olefin-based resin, ring-opening polymerization norbornene resin COP-2 is a resin described in Example 1 of JP-A-2007-38646 ( a-1) was prepared according to the example and pelletized according to conventional methods. The Tg of the resin was 130 ° C.

[Production Example 4] Manufacture of pellets of polycarbonate resin PC As the polycarbonate resin PC, pellets of "Taflon MD1500" manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. were used and pelletized according to a conventional method. “Taflon MD1500” exhibits positive intrinsic birefringence. The glass transition point of the resin was 142 ° C.

[Production Example 5] Production of acrylic resin pellets As acrylic resin, methyl methacrylate = 7500 g, 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylic acid according to Production Example 1 of JP 2008-9378 A [0222] to [0224] Synthesized from 2500 g of methyl, an acrylic compound having a lactonization rate of 98% and Tg = 134 ° C. was obtained. This was pelletized according to a conventional method.

[Production Example 6] Production of pellets of cellulose acylate resin CAP-1 As cellulose acetate propionate, resin CAP-1 was produced according to the method described in Example 1 of JP-A-2008-87398 and pelletized. . The composition of the obtained CAP-1 had an acetylation degree of 1.95, a propionylation degree of 0.7, and a total acyl substitution degree of 2.65.

[Production Example 7] Manufacture of pellets of cellulose acylate resin CAP-2 As cellulose acetate propionate, resin CAP-2 was described as Example 101 described in Table 3 of JP-A-2008-50562. And was pelletized. The composition of the obtained CAP-1 had an acetylation degree of 0.15, a propionylation degree of 2.55, and a total acyl substitution degree of 2.7.

[Example 1]
(Production of film)
The pellets of the addition polymerization type norbornene resin COC were dried at 100 ° C. for 2 hours or more, melted at 260 ° C., kneaded and extruded using a single screw kneading extruder. At this time, a screen filter, a gear pump, and a leaf disk filter were arranged in this order between the extruder and the die, and these were connected by a melt pipe. This was extruded from a die. The extrusion temperature at this time was 260 ° C., and extrusion was performed from a die having a width of 1800 mm.
Thereafter, a melt (molten resin) was extruded onto the cast roll. As the die vibration method, D method which gives vibration by decentering the motor of the extruder was used, and the fluctuation range of the melt landing point was set to the value shown in Table 1 below. At this time, a cylinder was set so that the touch pressure described in Table 1 below was applied to a cast roll (chill roll) having a width of 1800 mm on the most upstream side, and a touch roll having a width of 1800 mm was brought into contact therewith. Touch rolls and chill rolls having a Shore hardness of 60 HS were used. Using these rolls, the film was formed with a peripheral speed difference set to 20%. The touch roll was Tg-5 ° C, the chill roll temperature was Tg-10 ° C, and the distance between the die and the melt landing point was set to 200 mm. The film forming atmosphere was 25 ° C. and 60%.
Then, after trimming both ends (5 cm each of the full width) immediately before winding, thicknessing (knurling) with a width of 10 mm and a height of 20 μm was applied to both ends. In addition, the film was formed to a width of 1.5 m and the film was wound up 3000 m at a film forming speed of 15 m / min. The film thickness after film formation was set to the value described in the following Table 1 or Table 2, and the film of Example 1 was produced.

(Evaluation of film)
The projection unevenness, γ, Re, Rth and curl of the film of Example 1 were measured and listed in Tables 1 and 2 below. In addition, the measuring method of an optical characteristic is as above-mentioned, and the inclination direction which measured Re [+40 degrees] and Re [-40 degrees] of a film made all the longitudinal direction of a film. Γ is based on the formula (II ′).

(Preparation of polarizing plate)
A polarizing plate was produced using the produced film of Example 1. Specifically, first, iodine was adsorbed to a stretched polyvinyl alcohol film to prepare a polarizing film. Using this polarizing film, a Re = 270 nm λ / 2 plate composed of an 80 μm TAC film (manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) and a uniaxially stretched norbornene polymer film in the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, Example 1 The films were pasted together. In this manner, a polarizing plate using the film of Example 1 was produced. After affixing this to a glass plate, two identical films were placed so that the absorption axes of the polarizers were orthogonal (crossed Nicols), and the display unevenness of black display was measured according to the following method (with crossed Nicols) To reproduce the black display on the LCD panel).

(Uneven display of black display)
The polarizing plate attached to the obtained glass plate was allowed to stand at 105 ° C. for 24 hours, and further passed for 3 hours at 25 ° C. and 60% relative humidity. Thereafter, a region where light leakage occurred when crossed Nicol was made in a completely dark room was visually detected, and the area of this region was shown as a percentage divided by the total area in the polarizing plate. This is regarded as diagonal display unevenness of the liquid crystal display panel, and the obtained results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. The display unevenness of the black display is practically preferably less than 25%, more preferably 16% or less, and further preferably 12% or less.

(Production and evaluation of transflective ECB mode liquid crystal display)
Next, an ECB type transflective liquid crystal display device was manufactured using the polarizing plates made from Example 4, Example 24, and Example 37 as representative examples of the polarizing plates. The liquid crystal cell used uses ZLI-1695 (manufactured by Merck) as the liquid crystal material, and the liquid crystal layer thickness is 2.4 μm in the reflective electrode region (reflective display portion) and 4.9 μm in the transmissive electrode region (transmissive display portion). did. The pretilt angle at the substrate interface of the liquid crystal layer was 2 degrees, and Δnd of the liquid crystal cell was about 150 nm for the reflective display portion and about 320 nm for the transmissive display portion.
The above-prepared polarizing plates were arranged above and below the liquid crystal cell as shown in FIG. The arrows in the polarizing plate indicate the respective absorption axes, the arrows in the retardation film indicate the respective slow axes, and the arrows in the ECB cell indicate the rubbing direction of the rubbing treatment applied to the respective facing surfaces. Here, the 12 o'clock direction is 0 ° and the clockwise direction is +.

[Examples 2-38, Comparative Examples 1-3]
The used resin, melt landing point fluctuation range, vibration method, touch roll thickness, touch roll material, touch pressure, peripheral speed difference, film forming width, film forming speed, and film thickness are as shown in Table 1 or 2 below. The film of each Example and the comparative example was manufactured according to Example 1 except that. The acrylic resin was melted at 230 ° C.
In Comparative Example 3, the film of Comparative Example 3 was produced by implementing Example 1 of JP-A-2007-38646. In Examples 37 and 38, a film was produced by carrying out the production method of the present invention in Comparative Example 3.
A polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the films of these Examples and Comparative Examples.

From Table 1, it was found that in Examples 1 to 38, display unevenness of black display was suppressed and a good optical axis tilt structure was formed. On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 was such that the fluctuation range of the melt landing point was less than the range of the production method of the present invention, and the obtained film had many uneven projections, resulting in black display unevenness. Comparative Example 2 was such that the fluctuation range of the melt landing point was slightly greater than the range of the production method of the present invention, and the resulting film had a large amount of curl and black display unevenness occurred. Comparative Example 3 was obtained by implementing Example 1 of JP-A-2007-38646, in which the fluctuation range of the melt landing point was less than the range of the production method of the present invention. There were many curls and black display unevenness occurred. However, in Examples 39 and 40 within the scope of the present invention, it was found that both the projection unevenness and the curl were reduced, and the display unevenness of the black display was suppressed.
As described above, according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, by providing the difference in peripheral speed between the two rolls within the range of fluctuation of the melt landing point, the display unevenness of black display is suppressed, and the optical axis tilt is excellent. It has been found that a film having a structure can be produced.

[Examples 101 to 105]
(Stretching)
The film of Example 31 was stretched in the longitudinal direction at Tg + 10 ° C., that is, 140 ° C. under the conditions described in Table 3 below.

(Evaluation)
Projection unevenness, γ, Re, Rth and curl were determined for the stretched film. Further, the stretched film was incorporated into the liquid crystal display device in the same manner as in Example 1, and the display unevenness of black display was obtained. These results are shown in Table 3 below.

From Table 3, the films of Examples 101 to 105 obtained through the stretching process all show good projection unevenness, γ, Re, Rth and curl, and display unevenness of black display when incorporated in a liquid crystal display device. Both were good. Further, in Examples 102 to 104 in which the draw ratio was 1.05 to 4 times, the projection unevenness and the display unevenness of black display were further improved. In Example 103, the number of uneven projections was small, the number of curled edges was small, and the display unevenness of black display was most improved.
In addition, the same results were obtained for those stretched in the transverse direction.

It is a top view showing the absorption axis of the polarizing plate, the orientation direction of a liquid crystal cell, and the slow axis of a film in the transflective ECB mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

Claims (7)

A step of melt-extruding a composition containing a thermoplastic resin from a die, and a film-like product by continuously pressing the melt-extruded melt between a first clamping surface and a second clamping surface constituting a clamping device In a method for producing a film comprising the step of forming into
Film formation is performed while periodically changing the landing point of the melt extruded from the die on the first clamping surface or the second clamping surface by 0.01 to 5 mm, and the moving speed of the first clamping surface is adjusted. The manufacturing method of the thermoplastic film characterized by making it faster than the moving speed of said 2nd clamping surface.   In the step of continuously pressing the melt-extruded melt between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface constituting the clamping device to form a film, the clamping devices have different peripheral speeds. The method for producing a film according to claim 1, wherein there are two rolls. 3. The film production according to claim 1, wherein a difference in moving speed between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface of the clamping device defined by the following formula (A) is 1 to 40%. Method.
Formula (A)
Difference in moving speed (%) = 100 × {(moving speed of first pressing surface) − (moving speed of second pressing surface)}
/ (Moving speed of the first clamping surface)   The method for producing a thermoplastic film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the film is formed at a film forming width of 1 m to 4 m and a film forming speed of 10 m / min to 50 m / min.   The method for producing a thermoplastic film according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a metal roll having a thickness of 6 mm to 45 mm or less is used as a touch roll.   The pressure applied to the melt by the pinching device is 30 to 500 kgf / cm, and the thickness at the time of film formation is 10 μm to 90 μm. 6. A method for producing a thermoplastic film.   A thermoplastic film formed by the production method according to claim 1.

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