JP5372343B2 - Tar reforming reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tar reformer having following advantages: 1st, small scale plant and excellence in operation cost, 2nd, increased combustion heat of a gas generated, and accelerated effective use of the gas as a fuel, and 3rd, certain decrease and exclusion of tar. <P>SOLUTION: The tar reformer 2 has its inside temperature kept at e.g. about 850&deg;C. A gas B obtained by charging a biomass A such as wood scrap etc. in a gasification furnace 1 is supplied into the tar reformer 2 at 700&deg;C or above, and tar contained in the gas B is reformed. Carbonized particles formed by thermal cracking of the biomass A or coal-based resources by dry distillation are filled inside, and exhibit the tar absorptive function and the catalytic function for steam reforming. The tar is adsorbed by the carbonized particles and coked, then becomes a part of wood charcoal, further reacts with steam at a high temperature and is reformed into hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tar reforming reactor. That is, the present invention relates to a tar reforming reactor in which a produced gas obtained by pyrolyzing biomass is reformed and can be used as fuel.

《Technical background》
For example, for woody biomass resources such as wood waste and other waste biomass resources, effective use as biomass fuel has become a major theme recently.
That is, the construction of a system that uses the calories of the product gas obtained by pyrolyzing biomass in a gasification furnace as engine fuel and effectively uses it for power generation or the like has attracted attention.

<Conventional technology>
By the way, such a product gas of biomass contains high-concentration tar generated during the gasification process in the gasification furnace. If it is used as fuel for the engine as it is, various troubles occur, This will cause problems with durability.
That is, tar contained in the product gas with a concentration of about 0.5 g / Nm ³ or more adheres to the engine valves and other parts, causing dirt and coking, and causing various engine troubles and operational troubles. And other negative effects occur.
Therefore, in this type of conventional example relating to biomass fuel conversion, the problem of reducing and removing the tar in question has been a major issue, and the tar treatment facility has been adopted as ancillary facilities.
That is, the product gas obtained by putting biomass into the gasifier passes through a tar treatment facility with a water treatment device such as water scrubbing, or a tar treatment facility of a partial combustion method by supplying oxygen, thereby producing tar. After reducing and removing the minute, it was supplied to the engine for power generation.

《Information on prior art documents》
Examples of the partial combustion type tar processing equipment include those shown in the conventional technology column of the following Patent Document 1.
JP 2004-292720 A

By the way, the following problems have been pointed out with respect to such a conventional example.
<First problem>
First, for this type of conventional tar treatment equipment with water treatment equipment such as water scrubbing, the equipment such as water treatment equipment becomes larger and larger, as well as equipment costs, wastewater treatment costs, maintenance costs, etc. It was pointed out that the problem was high.
As described above, this type of conventional example has a difficulty in the scale and cost of the incidental facilities with respect to biomass fuel conversion.

<< Second problem >>
Secondly, regarding this type of conventional tar processing facility of the partial fuel system, a problem has been pointed out that part of the generated gas that should be used as fuel is consumed and calories of tar are not utilized. It was.
In other words, the partial combustion system consists of a system in which oxygen is blown and supplied to the biomass production gas, so that part of the production gas is partially burned and tar is relatively reduced. There was a problem that the product gas to be supplied was consumed. In addition, it has been pointed out that the tar component made of hydrocarbons is merely reduced and removed, and is not used as a calorie or fuel. Furthermore, it was pointed out that the supply cost of oxygen increases.
This type of conventional example has a problem in terms of effective use as a fuel in the case of biomass fuel.

《Third problem》
Thirdly, the tar processing facility of this type of conventional example of the partial fuel system has also been pointed out that tar removal is insufficient.
That is, for engine fuel, the tar concentration in the product gas is required to be less than 0.1 g / Nm ³ . In contrast, in this type conventional example, it was only about tar concentration 0.2g ^/ Nm ³ ~0.3g ^/ Nm 3 can be achieved.
This type of conventional example also has a drawback in that tar reduction and removal are insufficient during biomass fuel conversion.

<< About the present invention >>
The tar reforming reactor of the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems of the conventional examples in view of such circumstances.
And, the present invention is firstly the equipment is downsized and excellent in cost, and secondly, calories are improved and effective use as fuel is promoted, and thirdly, tar is reliably reduced and removed. It is an object to propose a tar reforming reactor.

<About Claim>
The technical means of the present invention for solving such a problem is as follows. First, claim 1 is as follows.
The tar reforming reactor according to claim 1 is supplied with a product gas obtained by putting biomass into a gasification furnace, and reforms the tar contained in the product gas.
And carbide particles obtained by pyrolyzing biomass and coal resources by dry distillation are internally filled. The tar is adsorbed and supported on the carbide particles and thermally decomposed into coke, that is, carbon and hydrogen, and the coke becomes a part of the carbide particles and reacts with water vapor at a high temperature to generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide, Steam reformed to carbon dioxide.

The tar reforming reactor is provided with a heating means, so that the inside is maintained at 800 ° C. to 900 ° C., and the product gas is supplied at 700 ° C. or higher.
Further, the carbide particles filled in the inside can be used as unburned in the gasification furnace, and are packed in layers, and are adsorbed, supported and integrated for steam reforming of the tar. It functions as a catalyst layer and as a catalyst layer for promoting coking of the tar and steam reforming reaction. At the same time, it is steam reformed to hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
As the heating means, the calorific value of the exhaust gas of 800 ° C. to 900 ° C. of the rotary engine using the reformed gas obtained by steam reforming as fuel is used.
In addition, the exhaust gas pipe line from the rotary engine to the tar reforming reactor is provided with a combustion section that collects and burns unburned components in the exhaust gas, thereby increasing the temperature. ing. Further, a preheater that uses the amount of heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the tar reforming reactor and still maintaining a high temperature for the preheating of the product gas is used to send the product gas from the gasification furnace to the tar reforming reaction. It is provided in a pipeline that supplies the container.

About Claim 2, it is as follows. The tar reforming reactor according to claim 2 is the tar reforming reactor according to claim 1, wherein the biomass is made of woody biomass such as woody waste material and other waste biomass.
The steam reforming is carried out using steam contained in the product gas, and is characterized in that steam can be supplied also from the attached steam supply means.
About Claim 3, it is as follows. The tar reforming reactor according to claim 3 is the tar reforming reactor according to claim 1, wherein the product gas is calorie increased by recycling the tar and the carbide grains by steam reforming, and the reformed gas is used as engine fuel. Provided for use.
The product gas has a tar concentration of 0.5 g / Nm ³ or more, but the reformed gas has a tar concentration of less than 0.1 g / Nm ³ .

<About the action>
Since the present invention comprises such means, the following is achieved.
(1) The product gas of biomass contains carbon monoxide and hydrogen, but also contains tar with a concentration of 0.5 g / Nm ³ or more.
(2) Therefore, the product gas is supplied from the gasifier to the tar reforming reactor at a high temperature of 700 ° C. or higher.
(3) The tar reforming reactor is maintained at 600 ° C. or higher, 800 ° C. to 900 ° C., for example, about 850 ° C. by the heating means.
(4) Moreover, the tar reforming reactor is internally filled with charcoal particles obtained, for example, in a gasification furnace.
(5) Then, in the tar reforming reactor, tar is first adsorbed on carbide grains such as charcoal grains and then decomposed into coke and hydrogen, and the coke becomes a part of charcoal.
(6) Charcoal is reformed by reacting with water vapor to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
(7) Although steam in the product gas is used for steam reforming, if steam in the product gas is insufficient for the reaction, steam may be supplied separately.
(8) In the tar reforming reactor, tar and carbide particles are steam-reformed into hydrogen and carbon monoxide in this way. Therefore, the generated gas increases in the fuel component, becomes a reformed gas whose calorie is increased, and is supplied as fuel to the engine.
(9) The tar is greatly reduced and removed by steam reforming, and the reformed gas has a tar concentration of less than 0.1 g / Nm ³ .
(10) The tar reforming reactor has a simple structure filled with carbide grains, and the incidental equipment is limited to the heating means and the steam supply means, and the equipment is downsized as a whole, and the processing operation and maintenance are performed. It is also easy and easy.
Next, the effect of the tar reforming reactor of the present invention will be described.

<< First effect >>
First, the equipment is downsized and the cost is excellent. In other words, since the tar reforming reactor of the present invention cokes the tar and steam reforms, the tar processing facility with a large and large water treatment device, as in this type of conventional example, Not used as incidental equipment. Therefore, it is excellent in equipment cost, wastewater treatment cost, maintenance cost, and the like.
As described above, the tar reforming reactor according to the present invention is excellent in terms of various costs as well as downsizing the equipment for biomass fuel conversion.

<< Second effect >>
Secondly, calories are improved and effective use as fuel is promoted. That is, in the tar reforming reactor of the present invention, tar is converted into coke and hydrogen on the surface of the carbide grains, and the carbide is steam reformed to generate hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, and one of the fuel gas. Part. In addition to charcoal particles discharged from the gasification reactor, carbide particles derived from carbon-based resources such as biomass and coal can be used as the carbide particles.
Like this type of conventional example described above, the partial combustion system tar treatment facility does not consume part of the product gas to be supplied as fuel, and can be obtained with the contained tar components and gasifier. The generated charcoal grains are converted into energy. Note that, unlike the partial combustion method, the oxygen supply cost does not increase.
As described above, according to the tar reforming reactor of the present invention, the generated gas becomes a reformed gas with improved calories when supplied to biomass fuel, and is supplied as fuel to the engine.

《Third effect》
Third, tar is reliably reduced and eliminated. That is, in the tar reforming reactor of the present invention, tar is steam-reformed to hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc., when converted to biomass fuel.
Therefore, the reformed gas of the generated gas has a tar concentration of less than 0.1 g / Nm ³ , which is far less in tar reduction and removal performance than the conventional partial combustion type tar treatment equipment of this type. Are better. Therefore, when the reformed gas obtained by the tar reforming reactor of the present invention is used as engine fuel, engine trouble and operation trouble due to tar adhesion, dirt, and coking are prevented, and engine durability is improved. Will improve.
As described above, the effects exerted by the present invention are remarkably large, such as all the problems existing in this type of conventional example are solved.

《About drawing》
Hereinafter, the tar reforming reactor of the present invention will be described in detail based on the best mode for carrying out the invention shown in the drawings.
1 and 2 are used to explain the best mode for carrying out the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a configuration flowchart. FIG. 2 is an explanatory front sectional view of the embodiment.

<< About gasifier 1 etc. >>
The tar reforming reactor 2 of the present invention is supplied with a product gas B obtained by putting biomass A into the gasification furnace 1. First, the gasifier 1 and the like will be described. The gasification furnace 1 is composed of, for example, a partial combustion method, and the inside of the furnace is maintained at a high temperature, for example, at about 900 ° C. to 1,100 ° C. by a burner or the like.
Then, for example, biomass A such as wood waste materials and wood chip chips dried by a drying kiln or the like is fed from a hopper. As the biomass A to be input, such woody biomass resources are typical, but various other waste biomass resources are also conceivable. For example, raw garbage, crop stems, cores, roots, leaves, scraps, chicken manure, and other animal and plant wastes can be used.
In the gasification furnace 1, the input biomass A is, for example, partially combusted and partially dry-distilled and pyrolyzed, so that a product gas B is generated as a pyrolysis gas together with solids such as carbon and ash. .

This product gas B contains carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), hydrogen (H ₂ ), moisture (H ₂ O), nitrogen (N ₂ ), and the like as main components. That is, the composition of the product gas B is in a volume ratio, for example, carbon monoxide is 16.1%, carbon dioxide is 10.7%, methane is 3.0%, hydrogen is 11.0%, and moisture is 15.5%. %, Oxygen is 0.3%, and nitrogen is 43.3%.
For example, the calorie is 4,467-5,078 kJ / Nm ³ (1,067-1,213 kcal / Nm ³ ) in LHV.
Further, tar is mixed in such a generated gas B at a concentration of 0.5 g / Nm ³ or more. Tar is mainly composed of hydrocarbons, is in the form of viscous fine particles, and is in a substantially vapor state or a substantially vaporized state.
Thus, the generated gas B containing tar is discharged from the gasification furnace 1 at about 800 ° C., for example. Then, in order to avoid tar liquefaction, solidification, adhesion, coking, etc. due to a temperature drop, the tar reforming reaction is performed via a dust remover while being kept warm with a heat insulating material in a short pipe 3, and further via a preheater 4. Is supplied to the vessel 2.
The gasifier 1 and the like are as described above.

<About the tar reforming reactor 2>
Next, the tar reforming reactor 2 will be described. The tar reforming reactor 2 is supplied with a product gas B obtained by charging the biomass A into the gasification furnace 1 and reforms the tar contained in the product gas B.
Carbide grains are internally filled, and tar is adsorbed and supported on the carbide grains to be coke, then reacted with water vapor at high temperature to be steam reformed to hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The

Such tar reforming reactor 2 will be described in further detail. First, the tar reforming reactor 2 is provided with a heating means 5 so that the inside is maintained at 600 ° C. or higher, 800 ° C. to 900 ° C., typically about 850 ° C., and the product gas B is , 700 ° C. or higher.
As the heating means 5, an indirect heating method is adopted as will be described later. This is not a direct heating system that uses the reaction heat of the partial combustion reaction in the reforming reactor 2.
The steam reforming is performed using steam contained in the product gas B, but steam can also be supplied from the attached steam supply means 6. That is, the fed product gas B contains water vapor, and steam reforming proceeds therewith. However, when the product gas B has a small amount of water vapor, the steam supply means 6 has a shortage of water vapor. Supplied.

The tar reforming reactor 2 is filled with carbide grains. That is, carbide grains obtained by pyrolyzing biomass A and carbon-based resources by dry distillation are internally filled. Charcoal particles obtained as an unburned portion in the gasification furnace 1 can be used as the carbide particles filled in the inside, exhibiting a supporting function and a catalytic function for steam reforming of tar, as well as naturally hydrogen. Steam reformed to carbon monoxide.
That is, the charcoal grains are mainly composed of carbon, and are produced as carbonized carbon residue or porous residue. In the illustrated example, charcoal grains produced as unburned burnt in the gasification furnace 1 are used. ing.
The charcoal grains are packed in layers, and first function as a trapping, adsorbing, supporting, and integrated layer of tar, and also function as a catalyst layer for coking tar and promoting a steam reforming reaction. Further, the carbide grains themselves are steam-reformed and gasified into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. As a result, the insufficient charcoal grains are appropriately supplemented from the gasifier 1 or the like.

In the tar reforming reactor 2, the tar in the product gas B to be reformed is adsorbed and supported on the carbide particles such as charcoal particles to be coke. The coke reacts with steam as a gasifying agent based on the action of heat and the action of the catalyst, is converted into hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, and is steam reformed. A so-called water gasification reaction proceeds.
In the tar reforming reactor 2, the tar in the product gas B of the biomass A is steam-reformed in this way, and the charcoal particles such as charcoal particles filled therein are also steam-reformed, and thus the reformed gas D is generated.
The reformed gas D obtained by reforming the product gas B has a tar concentration of less than 0.1 g / Nm ³ , and its calorie is LHV, for example, 5,542 kJ / Nm ³ (1,324 kcal). / Nm ³ ). In other words, the reformed gas D is a rich gas that is increased by about 10 to 20% by reforming the tar and further the carbide grains as compared with the calorie of the product gas B before the reforming described above.
The tar reforming reactor 2 is as described above.

《Reaction formula etc.》
Next, the reaction formula and the like will be described. In the tar reforming reactor 2, steam reforming or the like proceeds according to the following chemical reaction formula.
First, carbide particles such as charcoal particles are steam-reformed by the chemical reaction formula of the following chemical formula 1 by using steam as a gasifying agent by the action of heat, and thereby vaporized and gasified into hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

At the same time, on the surface of the carbide particles, such as charcoal particles, where such a reaction proceeds, tar is first adsorbed and then decomposed into coke and hydrogen, and the coke becomes part of the charcoal particles that are carbide particles. For example, among the compounds contained in tar, naphthalene (C ₁₀ H ₈ ), which is hardly decomposable next to benzene, is decomposed into coke and hydrogen by the chemical reaction shown in the following chemical formula 2.

In the charcoal grains which are carbide grains, the following chemical reactions 3 and 4 occur, and hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are generated.

In the reaction formula of Chemical Formula 3, coke, that is, carbon reacts with steam and is steam reformed to carbon monoxide and hydrogen. In the system of carbon and water vapor, the enthalpy of the system is increased by applying a high temperature, and the gas is completely gasified into a mixed gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by an endothermic reaction, but the amount of generated hydrogen (hydrogen yield) is minimal.
On the other hand, in the reaction formula of Chemical Formula 4, carbon reacts with steam and is steam reformed to carbon dioxide and hydrogen. This is a case where a larger amount of water vapor than in the reaction formula of chemical formula 3 acts and carbon monoxide in the chemical formula of chemical formula 3 is completely reformed, and is completely gasified into carbon dioxide and hydrogen by an endothermic reaction. The amount of hydrogen produced (hydrogen yield) is maximized.
That is, in the chemical formula of this chemical formula 4, the carbon monoxide generated in the chemical formula of chemical formula 3 reacts with water vapor by the following chemical formula 5 shift reaction, which is an exothermic reaction, and a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Reformed and converted. Therefore, when the following reaction formula 5 is added to the chemical formula 3, the chemical formula 4 is obtained.

In the tar reforming reactor 2, when no shift reaction of chemical formula 5 occurs, the chemical reaction formula of chemical formula 3, and when only the shift reaction of chemical formula 5 occurs, The reforming proceeds.
However, in reality, there is a high possibility that steam reforming will proceed according to an intermediate reaction formula between chemical formula 4 and chemical formula 5 in accordance with the degree of occurrence of chemical shift reaction of chemical formula 5 that reduces the carbon monoxide concentration. In this case, a mixed gas of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen is generated as the reformed gas D.
Of course, in view of the high temperature law and temperature dependence of these reactions, the reaction formula of the chemical formula 3 has a higher endotherm than the chemical formula of the chemical formula 4, so that the higher the temperature, for example, about 900 ° C. From the reaction formula, the reaction formula of Chemical formula 3 tends to occur and the shift reaction of Chemical formula 5 tends to be suppressed. On the other hand, when the temperature is about 800 ° C., the shift reaction of Chemical formula 5 tends to occur. There is a tendency to occur.

<About use as fuel>
Next, utilization as a fuel will be described. The product gas B of the biomass A is increased in calories in the tar reforming reactor 2 by recycling the tar and carbide particles by steam reforming, and the reformed gas D is used as engine fuel.
The reformed gas D in the illustrated example is supplied to the rotary engine 10 through the pipe 7 via the cooling unit 8 using the cooling water E and the pump 9 for both pressure feeding and flow rate adjustment.
That is, the rotary engine 10 is operated using hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the reformed gas D as well as methane, carbon, and the like, which are slightly contained, as fuel. The rotary engine 10 in the illustrated example has a main shaft connected to a generator 11 installed adjacent thereto, and the drive is used for power generation. In the figure, reference numeral 12 denotes an adjustment unit for adjusting the amount of air F introduced into the rotary engine 10.

First, the exhaust gas G of the rotary engine 10 is used as the heating means 5 of the tar reforming reactor 2. That is, the exhaust gas G of the rotary engine 10 has a temperature of about 800 ° C. to 900 ° C., and the amount of heat is introduced into the tar reforming reactor 2 through the pipe 13 that is smoke transport. In the tar reforming reactor 2, an exhaust gas G passage route is disposed internally.
Secondly, in the figure, 14 is a combustion part, and this combustion part 14 collects and burns unburned components in the exhaust gas G heading to the tar reforming reactor 2 to increase the temperature further. It is interposed in the pipe line 13.
Further, since the exhaust gas G discharged from the tar reforming reactor 2 as used is still maintained at a high temperature, the amount of heat is used for the preheater 4 of the product gas B sent through the pipe 3. Has been.
Thirdly, the reformed gas G is used as a fuel for the rotary engine 10 in this way.

《Action etc.》
The tar reforming reactor 2 of the present invention is configured as described above. Therefore, it becomes as follows.
(1) The high-temperature product gas B obtained by introducing the biomass A into the gasification furnace 1 contains carbon monoxide and hydrogen and can be made into fuel, but also contains tar. The tar concentration is, for example, 0.5 g / Nm ³ or more.

  (2) The product gas B is sequentially supplied from the gasifier 1 to the tar reforming reactor 2. The supply temperature of the product gas B is 700 ° C. or higher, for example, about 800 ° C.

  (3) Along with this, the inside of the tar reforming reactor 2 is maintained at 600 ° C. or higher, 800 ° C. to 900 ° C., for example, about 850 ° C. As the heating means 5 of such a tar reforming reactor 2, the amount of heat of the exhaust gas G of the rotary engine 10 is used.

  (4) The tar reforming reactor 2 is internally filled with carbide grains. As the carbide grains to be filled, charcoal grains obtained as an unburned portion in the gasification furnace 1 are typically used.

  (5) Now, in the tar reforming reactor 2, the following reactions proceed. Tar is first adsorbed and supported on carbide grains and coked. That is, tar is thermally decomposed into carbon and hydrogen, for example, according to the chemical reaction formula of Chemical Formula 2 described above, whereby hydrogen is released.

  (6) The coke, or carbon, is then reformed by reacting with water vapor based on the action of heat and the catalytic action of carbide grains. That is, according to the chemical reaction formulas of Chemical Formula 3 and Chemical Formula 4 described above, it reacts with steam and is steam reformed to hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.

  (7) Along with this, the carbide grains themselves react with water vapor by the chemical reaction formula of Chemical Formula 1 described above, and are steam reformed to hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

  (8) Note that such steam reforming is performed using steam contained in the reformed gas D. However, if the steam reforming is insufficient, the attached steam supply means 6 can also be used. Yes.

(9) In the tar reforming reactor 2, the tar contained in the product gas B of the biomass A is steam-reformed into hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Further, the charcoal particles obtained in the gasification furnace 1 of the biomass A, such as the biomass A, are also steam reformed into hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the tar reforming reactor 2 filled therein.
Therefore, the component that can be used as the fuel in the generated gas B is increased, and the reformed gas D is increased in calories, and is supplied as fuel from the tar reforming reactor 2 to the rotary engine 10.

(10) Further, the tar in the product gas B is greatly reduced and removed by the steam reforming to hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Accordingly, the reformed gas D from the tar reforming reactor 2 is supplied as fuel to the rotary engine 10 or the like in a state where the tar concentration is less than 0.1 g / Nm ³ .

  (11) By the way, the tar reforming reactor 2 used in this way has a simple configuration in which carbide grains are filled therein. And the incidental equipment is also stopped by the heating means 5 and the steam supply means 6, and the equipment is downsized as a whole, and the processing operation and maintenance are easy and easy.

Here, an example of the tar reforming reactor 2 of the present invention will be described. Table 1 shows data of test results of the examples, and FIG. 2 is a front sectional explanatory view of the tar reforming reactor 2 used for the tests of the examples.
In this example, as shown in FIG. 2, a high-concentration steam gas was supplied to the tar reforming reactor 2 filled with charcoal particles in layers, and steam reforming was tested.
That is, the tar reforming reactor 2 is previously filled with charcoal particles (or carbide particles obtained as an ungasified component when the biomass A is introduced into the gasification furnace 1). After that, a steam supply gas was introduced and passed.

First, the test conditions are as follows.
-Water vapor concentration in the supply gas (vol%): 15.5
・ Diluted gas in supply gas: N ₂
-H ₂ , CO, CO ₂ (vol%) in the supply gas: 0
Internal temperature (° C): 800, 850, 900
-Charcoal grain filling amount (g): 1.7
-Charcoal grain packed bed height (mm): 30
・ Residence time of supply gas (s): 0.2

Under such test conditions, the reformed gas D generated and discharged from the tar reforming reactor 2 was measured for each temperature condition, and the data shown in the following Table 1 was obtained.
That is, according to the data in Table 1, the composition of the reformed gas D was composed of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, moisture, and the like. In other words, it was confirmed from experimental data that the charcoal grains reacted with steam and were gasified and steam reformed as expected.
Such steam reforming has a strong temperature dependence, and at 800 ° C., 850 ° C., and 900 ° C., differences were found in the steam reaction rate and the composition of the reformed gas D.
In addition, the conversion rate (gasification rate) of the filled charcoal particles reached 80% by 40 min after the gas supply started. And the production | generation speed | rate of each composition of the reformed gas D in the meantime was substantially constant. That is, it was understood that the chemical equilibrium was reached almost instantaneously at 0.2 seconds, which is the residence time of the supply gas.
In the examples, the above was confirmed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a configuration flow diagram for explaining the best mode for carrying out the invention of a tar reforming reactor according to the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional explanatory diagram of a tar reforming reactor of an example for explaining the best mode for carrying out the invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gasification furnace 2 Tar reforming reactor 3 Pipe line 4 Preheater 5 Heating means 6 Steam supply means 7 Pipe line 8 Cooling part 9 Pump 10 Rotary engine 11 Generator 12 Adjustment part 13 Pipe line 14 Combustion part A Biomass B production Gas C Cork D Reformed gas E Cooling water F Air G Exhaust gas

Claims (3)

A tar reforming reactor that is supplied with a product gas obtained by introducing biomass into a gasification furnace, thereby reforming the tar contained in the product gas,
Carbide grains obtained by pyrolyzing biomass or coal resources by dry distillation are filled inside, and the tar is adsorbed and supported on the carbide grains and thermally decomposed into coke, that is, carbon and hydrogen, Coke becomes a part of the carbide grains, reacts with steam at high temperature, steam reformed to hydrogen and carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide,
The tar reforming reactor is provided with heating means, so that the inside is maintained at 800 ° C. to 900 ° C., and the product gas is supplied at 700 ° C. or higher.
The carbide particles filled in the inside can be used as unburned in the gasification furnace and are packed in layers, and the adsorption, support and integrated layer for steam reforming of the tar And function as a catalyst layer for promoting coking of the tar and steam reforming reaction, and steam reforming to hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
As the heating means, the calorific value of the exhaust gas of 800 ° C. to 900 ° C. of the rotary engine using the reformed gas obtained by steam reforming as fuel is used,
In addition, the exhaust gas pipe line from the rotary engine to the tar reforming reactor is provided with a combustion section that collects and burns unburned components in the exhaust gas, thereby increasing the temperature. And a preheater that uses the amount of heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the tar reforming reactor and still maintaining a high temperature for preheating the product gas, the product gas from the gasifier and the tar. A tar reforming reactor, characterized in that the tar reforming reactor is provided in a pipe line to be supplied to the reforming reactor. In the tar reforming reactor according to claim 1, the biomass is made of woody biomass such as woody waste, and other waste biomass,
Steam reforming is performed using steam contained in the product gas, and the tar reforming reactor is characterized in that steam can be supplied also from the attached steam supply means. . 2. The tar reforming reactor according to claim 1, wherein the product gas is calorie increased by recycling the tar and the carbide grains by steam reforming, and the reformed gas is used as fuel for an engine. And
The product gas has a tar concentration of 0.5 g / Nm ³ or more, but the reformed gas has a tar concentration of less than 0.1 g / Nm ^3. Reactor.

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