JP5352363B2 - Vehicle suspension system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle suspension device used in railway vehicles, buses, truck cars, and the like, and more particularly to a vehicle suspension device including an air spring and an elastic spring.

  This kind of vehicle suspension device, that is, an air spring provided with an upper support portion on the vehicle body side, a lower support portion disposed below the upper support portion, and a diaphragm made of an elastic material provided over both of them, As a vehicle suspension system having an elastic spring having an elastic part of a laminated rubber structure in which a plurality of elastic layers and a plurality of hard partition walls are alternately laminated between a support part and a receiving part on a cart side Are disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2.

  With reference to FIG. 1, the suspension device for a vehicle disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a flat disk shape on the vehicle body side and an outer cylinder (1) as an upper support portion and a flat portion as a lower support portion below the outer cylinder (1). A plurality of rubber layers (15b) between the upper and lower sides of the air spring comprising a diaphragm (3) straddling the disk-shaped inner cylinder (2) and the inner cylinder (2) and the support member (4) on the carriage side And an elastic spring (5) having a laminated rubber structure in which a plurality of metal plates (16) are laminated in a vertical direction.

  Referring to FIG. 1, the suspension system for a vehicle disclosed in Patent Document 2 has a flat disk shape on the vehicle body side and an outer cylinder (1) as an upper support portion and a vertical axis (P) below the outer cylinder (1). Between the air spring comprising a diaphragm (3) straddling the inner cylinder (2) as a lower support part having the inner cylinder (2) and the truncated cone-shaped support member (4) on the carriage side, Axial spring structure (laminated rubber structure) in which a plurality of rubber layers (5A to 5C) and a plurality of hard partition walls (5a, 5b) are alternately concentrically stacked in the inner and outer directions, and the cross-sectional shape is a letter C ) Elastic spring (5).

  The lower support portion of the vehicle suspension device having any of these structures is configured as a member having a function of supporting the bead portion on the lower side of the diaphragm at its outer peripheral portion and a function of receiving and supporting the rubber layer of the elastic portion. Has been. The lower support portion, which is a metal part, is preferably a baked coating that is inexpensive but rich in durability as a surface treatment in terms of rust prevention and durability. However, due to the structure in which the rubber layer of the elastic portion is fitted to the lower support portion by vulcanization adhesion, it is difficult to perform the baking coating, and general coating is only performed.

  In other words, since rubber is not a material that can withstand high temperatures, it is not suitable for the temperature conditions of baking coating. Therefore, the lower support part tends to be rusted relatively easily, and the part where the bead part is fitted may be rusted, and the diaphragm may be damaged. Inevitably, the maintenance cost is high.

JP 2007-046718 A JP 2006-329280 A

  The purpose of the present invention is to fit the lower bead portion of the diaphragm so that damage to the diaphragm due to early rusting and early replacement of the elastic spring, or the maintenance trouble and cost increase due to them can be avoided, and The object is to provide a vehicle suspension device in which the surface treatment of the lower support portion, which is a multi-functional member that supports the rubber layer at the end of the elastic portion, is enhanced and improved.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the vehicle suspension system, the upper support portion 1 on the vehicle body side, the lower support portion 2 disposed below the upper support portion 1, and the diaphragm made of an elastic material provided over both of them 1, 2 An air spring a provided with 3;
Between the lower support part 2 and the receiving part 4 on the carriage side, an elastic part 5 having a laminated rubber structure in which a plurality of elastic layers 5A to 5C and a plurality of hard partition walls 5a and 5b are alternately laminated is interposed. An elastic spring b,
The lower support portion 2B includes a bead receiving seat 9 to which the bead portion 3b on the diaphragm lower support portion side is fitted, a main body portion 8 that supports the elastic portion 5 and can be relatively fixed to the bead receiving seat 9. A seal means 14 capable of maintaining an airtight state between the bead seat 9 and the main body portion 8 that are relatively fixed;
A support portion 2A for receiving and supporting the upper support portion 1 when the diaphragm 3 is in an airless state;
The annular bead receiving seat 9 and the main body portion 8 are fitted through an O-ring 14 as a sealing means, and the support portion 2A attached to the main body portion 8 using a fixing means 15 allows the It is configured to prevent the bead seat 9 from slipping out from the main body 8,
The vertical outer peripheral surface 8b formed on the main body portion 8 is fitted into the vertical inner peripheral surface 20a formed on the bead receiving seat 9, whereby the bead receiving seat 9 and the main body portion 8 are fitted. It is characterized by that.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the vehicle suspension device according to the first aspect, the elastic spring b has the main body portion having the same or substantially the same axis P as the carriage-side receiving portion 4. 8 is a laminated rubber structure in which a plurality of elastic layers 5A to 5C and hard partition walls 5a, 5b are alternately laminated in the inner and outer directions concentrically or substantially concentrically with the axis P, and the axis The shaft spring is formed by interposing an elastic portion 5 having a cross-sectional shape in a direction along P and having a C-shape.

The invention according to claim 3 is the vehicle suspension device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bead receiving seat 9 is made of cast iron, and the main body 8 is made of wrought iron. .

  According to the invention of claim 1, although described in detail in the section of the embodiment, the lower support portion is configured by combining the bead receiving seat to which the lower bead portion of the diaphragm is fitted and the main body portion supporting the elastic portion. It is means to make a divided structure. Therefore, the bead seat can be baked with a low coefficient of friction and excellent corrosion resistance, and if rust occurs, the main body can be left and only the bead seat needs to be replaced, reducing maintenance costs. be able to. As a result, the lower bead portion of the diaphragm is fitted in the elastic portion so that the diaphragm can be damaged due to early rust, the elastic spring can be replaced early, or maintenance trouble and cost increase due to them can be avoided. It is possible to provide a vehicle suspension device in which the surface treatment of the lower support portion, which is a multi-functional member that supports the rubber layer at the end, is enhanced and improved.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the support portion for receiving and supporting the upper support portion is provided, even if the air spring becomes in an unexpected airless state, it can be received by the support portion and damage to each portion can be avoided. In addition, the mounting structure of the support portion, which is a configuration for that purpose, has an advantageous advantage that it can also serve as a means for preventing the bead seat from coming off from the main body portion.

As in the invention of claim 2 , the elastic spring is a shaft spring, and is more suitable when the shape of the lower support portion is likely to be complicated, and the bead requiring strength and rust prevention as in claim 3 A suspension device for a vehicle having a lower support portion that is more suitable for practical use can be provided by making the receiving seat made of cast iron and making the main body portion, which requires a degree of freedom in shape and cost reduction, made of wrought iron.

Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the suspension system for railway vehicles (Example 1) The expanded sectional view of the principal part which shows the lower support part in FIG. Sectional view showing the situation where the air spring in the airless state has moved sideways

  Embodiments of a vehicle suspension apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings for a railway vehicle.

[Example 1]
The railcar suspension system A according to the first embodiment includes an air spring a composed of an upper support portion 1, a lower support portion 2, and a diaphragm 3, and an axial spring b having a laminated rubber structure arranged in series below the air spring a. It is comprised between the upper and lower sides of a railway vehicle (not shown) and a carriage (not shown). A structure in which the air spring a and an elastic spring b having a shaft spring (described later) structure are arranged in series in the vertical direction is generally called a “conical stopper type air spring”.

  The air spring a includes a substantially disk-shaped upper support portion 1 centered on a longitudinal axis P fixed to a supported body (not shown) such as a passenger car, and a lower support portion having a shape like a cylinder with a flange. 2B, and a diaphragm (bellows) 3 made of rubber (an example of an elastic material) that is disposed over both 1 and 2B and that lies sideways and exhibits a donut shape. A substantially disc-shaped upper lid portion (an example of a support portion) 2A is mounted on the lower support portion 2B and is bolted thereto, and the internal structure 2 is configured by both of these 2B and 2A.

  A plurality of elastic springs b are provided between a main shaft (an example of a receiving portion) 4 supported by a carriage (not shown) and a lower support portion 2B having the same (or substantially the same) longitudinal axis P as this. The elastic layers 5A to 5C and the hard partition walls 5a and 5b are laminated with the elastic portion 5 having a laminated rubber structure in which the elastic layers 5a and 5b are alternately laminated in the radial inner and outer directions in a concentric (or almost concentric) state with the longitudinal axis P. Has been. That is, between the outer cylinder 2B forming the lower support portion 2 and the main shaft 4 forming the receiving portion, the three layers of elastic layers 5A to 5C and the two layers of hard partition walls 5a and 5b made of a metal tube are concentric with each other. The shaft spring b is formed by interposing the elastic portions 5 that are alternately stacked in the inner and outer directions and have a cross-sectional shape of a C shape. The shaft spring b is also called a “conical stopper”.

  The upper lid portion 2A is formed of a metal material or the like shaped like a dish, and a thin disc-like flat sliding plate 7 is placed and fixed on its upper surface side by bonding or other means. Yes. The sliding plate 7 is configured to function as a support portion that receives and supports the upper support portion 1 when a diaphragm such as air is removed or punctured for maintenance is in an airless state. It is provided as a preparation for contact with the sliding surface 10 formed on the lower surface 1c, and is made of a fluororesin such as PTFE.

  The lower support portion 2B includes a ring portion 8 having a tapered inner peripheral surface 8a that is inclined so that the diameter is slightly increased toward the lower side, and a ring portion (an example of a main body portion) for fitting the diaphragm 3 in a retaining shape. ) 8 and an annular bead seat 9 that is externally fitted. The upper lid portion 2A and the lower support portion 2B are integrally connected using a bolt 15 in a state where they have a common longitudinal axis P by an inlay step structure that fits to each other, thereby forming an internal structure 2. ing.

  The upper support portion 1 includes a mounting outer peripheral portion 1a formed by an outer diameter side end thereof and an upper bead portion (large diameter side) of the diaphragm 3 by a mounting ring 1b having a substantially bowl-like cross-sectional shape bolted to the lower surface side thereof. The peripheral end portion 3a is sandwiched and held in an airtight manner. The lower bead portion (lower peripheral end portion) 3b of the diaphragm 3 is externally fitted in an airtight manner at the upper portion thereof along the outer periphery of the bead receiving seat 9. Further, due to the presence of a plug 6 mounted on the main shaft 4 described later, the inner space S of the diaphragm 3 is shut off in an airtight manner from the outside, so that a buffering action (air cushion) by air compression occurs. Yes.

  The spindle 4 has a truncated cone shaft portion 4A that is lightened by providing a passage hole r that penetrates vertically, a support plate 4B on which this is mounted, and a lower end portion of the truncated cone shaft portion 4A that covers the passage hole r. And a stopper 6 to be equipped. The outer periphery of the truncated cone shaft portion 4A is formed on a conical outer peripheral surface 4a that supports the innermost elastic layer 5A (described later). A pin 4C that can be used for detent or positioning is attached to the outer peripheral end of the support plate 4B in a downward projecting state.

  The elastic portion 5 includes first and second triple-layered first and second hard partition walls 5a, 5b made of a metal plate, and inner and outer double-layered first and second hard partition walls 5a, 5b. And a laminated rubber structure. The elastic layers 5A, 5B, 5C and the hard partition walls 5a, 5b are all annular, and the inner peripheral surface of the first elastic layer 5A is attached to the outer peripheral surface 4a of the support member 4 by means such as vulcanization adhesion. While being fixed, the outer peripheral surface of the third elastic layer 5C is fixed to the tapered inner peripheral surface 8a of the ring portion 8 by means such as vulcanization adhesion. That is, the main shaft 4 and the lower support 2 are connected and integrated via the elastic portion 5, thereby forming the shaft spring b.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the railroad vehicle suspension device A is normally filled with air of a predetermined pressure in the inner space S of the diaphragm 3 and is suspended by both an air spring a and a shaft spring b. However, there may be an airless state in which air is extracted from the diaphragm 3. That is, when the airless state is brought about due to curing, inspection maintenance or puncture accompanying the end of business, as shown in FIG. 3, the diaphragm 3 is deflated, the upper support portion 1 is lowered, and the sliding surface 10 and the sliding plate 7 are brought into contact with each other. It will be in a state of supporting and touching.

  For example, when a railway vehicle having a general bolsterless carriage travels in a curving state until it returns to the garage in its airless state, the sliding surface 10 and the sliding plate 7 move relative to each other as shown in FIG. Thus, the behavior in which the upper support portion 1 and the lower support portion 2B are largely displaced in the vehicle traveling direction is shown. That is, the vertical axis P and the center X of the upper support 1 that are the same in the normal state shown in FIG. 1 are shifted laterally as shown in FIG. Therefore, a device has been devised to facilitate the relative sliding movement of the upper and lower support portions 1 and 2B.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the sliding surface 10 is formed into a coating film that is treated with zinc phosphate and then coated with fluorine or molybdenum disulfide. The thickness t of the coating film 10 is set in a range of 10 μm or more and 15 μm or less (10 μm ≦ t ≦ 15 μm). As an example of this thickness range, the lower limit (10 μm) is determined from the strength and wear of the sliding surface, and the upper limit (15 μm) is determined from the cost.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, in this railway vehicle suspension system, as described above, the lower support portion 2 </ b> B includes the annular bead seat 9 to which the lower bead portion 3 b of the diaphragm 3 is fitted, and the outermost side. The ring portion 8 that supports the elastic layer 5C and can be fitted in the bead seat 9 via an O-ring (an example of a sealing means) 14 and the O-ring 14 are configured.

  The bead seat 9 has a longitudinal outer peripheral surface 17 that can be fitted to the inner peripheral surface 16 of the lower bead portion 3b, a curved guide peripheral surface 19 that supports and guides the lower mounting surface 18 of the lower bead portion 3b. It has a fitting inner peripheral wall 20 with the ring portion 8, a rib peripheral wall 21 protruding upward, and the like, and is formed of a forged material (S45C or the like). The fitting inner peripheral wall 20 has a vertical inner peripheral surface 20a for fitting and an inner bottom peripheral surface 20b for mounting. The rib peripheral wall 21 has a top peripheral surface 21a for mounting.

  The ring portion 8 includes a vertical outer peripheral surface 8b fitted into the vertical inner peripheral surface 20a, a flange peripheral surface 8c for mounting the inner bottom peripheral surface 20b, an upper peripheral surface 8d for mounting the upper lid portion 2A, and the aforementioned tapered inner peripheral surface. This is an inclined cylindrical member having 8a. A circumferential groove 22 that is open to the outside of the diameter with respect to the axis P is formed at the upper and lower intermediate positions of the longitudinal outer circumferential surface 8 b, and an O-ring 14 is attached to the circumferential groove 22. The ring portion 8 is made of cast iron (FCD or the like).

  The upper lid portion 2 </ b> A includes a disc base 23 on which the sliding plate 7 is placed, a peripheral seat portion 24 for mounting on the ring portion 8, and a peripheral leg portion 25 that connects the disc base 23 and the peripheral seat portion 24. The bolts (an example of fixing means) 15 penetrating the peripheral seat portion 24 are mounted and fixed to the ring portion 8 in an inlay fitting state. The peripheral seat portion 24 has an outer peripheral flange portion 24 </ b> A, and the bottom surface 24 a of the outer peripheral flange portion 24 </ b> A contacts the top peripheral surface 21 a of the rib peripheral wall 21 in a state where the upper lid portion 2 </ b> A is fixed to the ring portion 8. Has been.

  That is, the bead receiving seat 9 is fitted on the ring portion 8 in a state where the O-ring 14 is mounted in the circumferential groove 22 so as to be dropped from above. Then, the upper lid portion 2A is put on the ring portion 8 in a fitted state and assembled with the bolts 15, whereby the internal structure 2 is formed. The bead receiving seat 9 that is externally fitted to the ring portion 8 in a state in which the flange peripheral surface 8c is prevented from coming off downward is pulled upward due to the presence of the outer peripheral flange portion 24A of the upper lid portion 2A fixed to the ring portion 8. Stopped. As a result, the ring portion 8 and the bead seat 9 are integrated in an airtight state to form the lower support portion 2B, and the internal structure 2 is obtained by adding the upper lid portion 2A fixed to the ring portion 8. is there.

  Thus, in the vehicle suspension device A according to the present invention, the lower support portion 2B, which has been conventionally an integral product, is connected to the elastic portion 5, more specifically, the ring portion 8 to which the outermost rubber layer 5C is vulcanized and bonded. Since the structure is formed by combining with the bead receiving seat 9 to which the lower bead portion 3b of the diaphragm 3 is fitted, the mutual restriction relationship between the ring portion 8 and the bead receiving seat 9 can be eliminated. . Therefore, as a surface treatment of the bead receiving seat 9 which is the mounting portion of the diaphragm 3 that particularly requires rust prevention measures, a baking coating having a strong coating film and durability can be applied. And since the ring part 8 made from cast iron is reduced in size economically, a cast hole becomes difficult to produce and quality improvement is attained.

  And the bead seat 9 and the ring part 8 are made into separate parts, and the O-ring 14 is installed in the boundary part, and the airtightness as the air spring a is hold | maintained. The bead seat 9 and the ring portion 8 are simplified in shape, and the processing cost can be reduced as compared with the case where they are integrated. The bead seat 9 is a single metal fitting and can be baked with a low coefficient of friction and excellent corrosion resistance. Further, if severe rust is generated, the ring portion 8 remains and only the bead seat 9 needs to be replaced, so that maintenance costs can be reduced.

  Thereby, it becomes possible to eliminate the problems a to d of the conventional vehicle suspension device in which the lower support member is formed as an integral product. a. When the effective diameter of the air spring is increased, the radial distance between the elastic spring and the lower bead portion of the diaphragm is increased, and the shape of the lower support portion is complicated or a cast hole is easily formed. b. The problem a. The problem of significant cost increases when cutting and forging are taken into account. c. The problem of rusting easily due to non-adoption of baking coating by vulcanizing and bonding the conical stopper (outermost rubber layer 5C). d. C. Due to this, the conical stopper (shaft spring b) has to be replaced at an early stage, resulting in a high maintenance cost.

[Another Example]
As a fixing means for the bead receiving seat 9 and the ring portion 8, various modifications such as vertical fitting and screwing are possible in addition to the inner and outer fittings shown in the first embodiment. Further, the material of the bead receiving seat 9 and the ring portion 8 can be variously changed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Upper support part 2 Lower support part 2A Support part 3 Diaphragm 3b Bead part by the side of a lower support part 4 Receiving part 5 Elastic part 5A-5C Elastic layer 5a, 5b Hard partition 8 Main body part
8b Vertical outer peripheral surface 9 Bead seat 10 Sliding surface 14 Sealing means 15 Fixing means
20a Vertical inner peripheral surface a Air spring b Elastic spring (shaft spring)

Claims (3)

An air spring comprising an upper support portion on the vehicle body side, a lower support portion disposed below the upper support portion, and a diaphragm made of an elastic material provided over both of them,
An elastic spring formed by interposing an elastic portion of a laminated rubber structure in which a plurality of elastic layers and a plurality of hard partition walls are alternately stacked between the lower support portion and the receiving portion on the carriage side;
The lower support part is a bead receiving seat on which a lower bead part of the diaphragm is fitted; a main body part that supports the elastic part and is relatively fixed to the bead receiving part; and the bead that is relatively fixed A seal means capable of maintaining an airtight state between the seat and the main body ,
A support portion is provided for receiving and supporting the upper support portion when the diaphragm is in an airless state;
The annular bead receiving seat and the main body are fitted through an O-ring serving as a sealing means, and the main body of the bead receiving is supported by the support portion attached to the main body using a fixing means. It is configured to prevent it from coming out of the part,
The vehicle suspension system in which the bead seat and the main body portion are fitted by the vertical outer peripheral surface formed in the main body portion being fitted into the vertical inner peripheral surface formed in the bead seat. .   The elastic spring has a plurality of elastic layers and a hard partition wall concentric with or substantially concentric with the shaft center between the receiving portion on the cart side and the main body portion having the same or substantially the same axis as the receiving portion. And a laminated rubber structure in which the inner and outer directions are alternately laminated, and a shaft spring formed by interposing an elastic portion having a cross-sectional shape in a direction along the axial center. The vehicle suspension device according to claim 1.   The vehicle suspension device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bead seat is made of cast iron, and the main body is made of wrought iron.

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