JP5351742B2 - Method for measuring dust concentration in gas and operation method for combustion equipment - Google Patents

Description

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for measuring the concentration of dust in a gas and a method for operating a combustion facility that can stably analyze the concentration of dust in a gas to be measured in laser measurement.

  Conventionally, it is known to measure the concentration of a dust component in a fuel gas using Mie scattered light by pulse laser irradiation (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

JP 2005-24249 A JP 2005-24250 A

By the way, in gas analysis by pulse laser irradiation, in order to be applied as a plant control means, it is desired to analyze quickly while ensuring quantitativeness.
However, in order to ensure constant quantitativeness, it is necessary to acquire a signal with a high S / N (signal-to-noise ratio) by integrating signals acquired by each pulse laser, which takes time. Furthermore, in the dust concentration analysis using Mie scattered light, if the output of the laser pulse is unstable, there is a problem that the quantitativeness is lowered.

FIG. 8 is a relationship diagram between the output of the laser pulse and the signal intensity. As shown in FIG. 8, there is no problem if the signal peak of Mie scattering is in an appropriate range, but when the laser pulse output is low, the Mie scattering intensity decreases nonlinearly, but noise and signal There is a problem in that it is difficult to separate and the quantitativeness is lowered.
When the output of the laser pulse is high, the Mie scattering intensity increases non-linearly, and the determination is higher than the actual concentration.

  For this reason, establishment of a dust concentration analysis method in gas that enables quick analysis while preventing variation in concentration analysis values is eagerly desired.

  In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the concentration of dust in a gas and a method for operating a combustion facility that can analyze the concentration of dust in a gas to be measured quickly and with high accuracy.

A first invention of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a laser device for irradiating a gas to be measured with a laser pulse, and a Mie scattering photodetector for measuring Mie scattered light generated by the irradiation of the laser pulse. And a soot concentration in the measurement gas from Mie scattered light generated by the laser pulse irradiated to the measurement gas using a laser output meter that monitors the measurement state of the laser pulse emitted into the measurement chamber In the method for measuring the concentration of dust in the gas, the signal intensity of the Mie scattered light is measured, and the measurement state of the laser pulse monitored by the laser output meter is measured for each pulse of the laser pulse emitted into the measurement chamber. the output of the laser pulse, it is determined whether or not within a predetermined set threshold value in a predetermined unit time, as long as it is within a threshold range, allows measurement data, threshold If it is outside, it is judged to be excluded, the allowed Mie scattered signal intensity data within the set threshold is integrated for a predetermined time, the average is the average value of the Mie scattered signal intensity, and the dust concentration is obtained from the average value. The method is to measure the concentration of dust in the gas.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the set threshold value is a laser pulse output index (measurement power intensity of the laser pulse in the measurement chamber: I ₁ ) / (laser when oscillated from the laser apparatus) This is a method for measuring the soot concentration in a gas, characterized in that the basic power intensity of the pulse is I ₀ ).

According to a third invention, in the first invention, a photodetector for Raman scattering that measures the gas composition of the gas to be measured from Raman scattered light is provided, and the peak sensitivity of the predetermined gas component of the gas to be measured (the predetermined gas component peak). Intensity: I ₂ ) / (Basic power intensity of laser pulse: I ₀ )

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the dust concentration measurement method in gas according to the third aspect, wherein the predetermined gas component is nitrogen gas.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combustion facility operating method characterized in that the judgment is performed by the dust concentration measuring method in any one of the first to fourth aspects of the invention, and feedback control of combustion conditions is performed.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a laser device for irradiating a gas under measurement in a measurement chamber with a laser pulse, a photodetector for measuring the signal intensity of Mie scattered light generated by the irradiation of the laser pulse, and a laser beam emitted into the measurement chamber. A laser output meter for monitoring the measurement state of the laser pulse, and a processing device to which the output of the photodetector and the laser output meter is transferred, and the measurement state of the laser pulse transferred from the laser output meter The processing apparatus determines whether or not the output of the laser pulse per pulse of the laser pulse emitted into the measurement chamber is within a predetermined set threshold value range in a predetermined unit time, If it is within, the measured Mie scattered signal intensity data is allowed, and if it is outside the threshold, the measured Mie scattered signal intensity data is excluded, and the processing device Containers have been Mie scattering signal strength data accumulated a predetermined time, the average and the average value of the Mie scattering signal strength, in dust concentration measuring device in the gas and obtaining a dust concentration from the average value.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the reliability of the measurement of the dust concentration by the Mie scattered light in the gas to be measured by correcting the variation in the measurement of the Mie scattered light.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dust concentration measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a comparison graph between the data processing of the first embodiment and the data processing of the comparative example (normal). FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the determination result of the output of the laser pulse and the signal intensity of the Mie scattered light in the dust concentration measurement apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the biomass gasification gas system. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dust concentration measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a chart of Raman scattered light measurement results of biomass gasification gas. FIG. 7 is a comparison graph between the data processing of the second embodiment and the data processing of the comparative example (normal). FIG. 8 is a relationship diagram between the output of the laser pulse and the signal intensity.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.

A dust concentration measuring method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dust concentration measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the dust concentration measuring apparatus 10 </ b> A in the gas measures the dust concentration in the measured gas 12 from the Mie scattered light 30 generated by the laser pulse 11 irradiated to the measured gas 12. The Mie scattered light 30 generated by the irradiation of the laser pulse 11 is measured by the Mie scattered light detector 31 and the measurement state of the laser pulse 11 is measured with an output meter (measurement output meter 15A). The reference output meter 15B) monitors the signal intensity of the Mie scattered light continuously with the Mie scattered photodetector 31 and the laser output meter (measurement output meter 15A, reference output meter 15B). In the above, it is determined whether or not the output of the laser pulse per one pulse of the laser pulse 11 is within a predetermined set threshold value range of a predetermined unit time. Acceptance is determined to be excluded if it is outside the threshold, and allowed Mie scattered signal intensity data within the set threshold is integrated for a predetermined time by a computing device (not shown), and the average is used as the average value of Mie scattered signal intensity. The dust concentration is obtained from the average value.

In the present invention, it is determined whether or not the laser pulse 11 is within a predetermined threshold value for a predetermined unit time (for example, 10 ns) in the output of the laser pulse per pulse.
This determination is made with a laser output meter within the range of 0.95-1.05, “the basic power intensity of the laser pulse 11 obtained by the reference output meter 15B when oscillated from the laser device 13: I ₀ ”. In some cases, data is allowed, and when outside this range, data is excluded.
Laser index = (measured power intensity of laser pulse 11 obtained by measurement output meter 15A in measurement chamber 20: I ₁ ) / (obtained by reference output meter 15B when oscillated from laser device 13) Data can be allowed when the basic power intensity (I ₀ ) of the laser pulse 11 is within a predetermined range, and can be excluded when it is outside this range.

  Thereafter, the allowed Mie scattered signal intensity data within the set threshold is integrated by a calculation device (not shown) for a predetermined time (for example, 5 seconds), and the average is set as the average value of the Mie scattered signal intensity. Is what you want.

  As a result, the separation capability between the Mie scattering signal intensity and the noise intensity is increased, and the dust concentration measurement with high accuracy is possible.

  Below, each component of the dust concentration measuring apparatus using a laser apparatus is demonstrated.

The laser pulse 11 from the laser device 13 is emitted into the measurement chamber 20.
The measurement output meter 15A provided in the measurement chamber 20 is provided in the traveling direction of the laser pulse 11 reflected by the reflection mirror 21-1, and accurately monitors the output of the laser pulse 11. . The laser pulse 11 can be irradiated to the measurement region 14 by a lens. The reference output meter 15B that obtains the output of the laser pulse 11 from the laser device 13 as a reference output reflects the laser pulse 11 by the reflection mirror 21-2 and monitors the output of the laser pulse at the time of emission. .

Next, the measurement chamber 20 having a function of holding or circulating the measurement gas 12 in such a manner that the laser pulse 11 can be irradiated will be described.
The measurement chamber 20 has a structure in which the measured gas 12 to be measured is present inside and does not leak to the outside (including the laser unit and the spectroscope).

  The quartz windows 23-1 and 23-2 are windows made of quartz glass for preventing the measured gas 12 from flowing out. The reason why it is made of quartz glass is to allow the laser pulse 11 to pass through the window. This window is doubled so that gas does not leak even if one piece of quartz glass is broken.

Next, the dust concentration measurement procedure will be described.
1) Index of output of laser pulse 11 = (Measured power intensity of laser pulse 11 in measurement chamber 20: I ₁ ) / (Basic power intensity of laser pulse when oscillated from laser device 13: I ₀ ) Then, the output state of the laser pulse is confirmed. Usually 1.0.
2) Next, the Mie scattering signal intensity is measured by the Mie scattering photodetector 31.
3) At this time, when the output is 1 W, for example, by the laser output meter, the basic power intensity I _{0 of} the laser pulse 11 obtained by the reference output meter 15B when oscillated from the laser device 13 is 0.95. Allow Mie scattered signal intensity data (x times) when within -1.05W range, and when outside this range (less than 0.95W or greater than 1.05W) Exclude (y times) and make a determination.
In addition, since 1 pulse is 20 times / second, it will be measured 100 times by measuring for 5 seconds. A part of the results are shown in Table 1.
4) Accumulate the last permitted data and divide the accumulated amount by the permitted number of times x = (100−y) to obtain the average value of the signal intensity.
5) Thereafter, the dust concentration is estimated using a calibration curve (not shown) obtained in advance from the average value of the signal intensity.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the determination result of the output of the laser pulse and the signal intensity of the Mie scattered light in the dust concentration measurement apparatus according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the peak of the laser pulse is determined as a threshold value of 0.95 to 1.05, and the data of only the Mie scattered light peak in the case of this appropriate output condition is allowed as the received light data. Therefore, highly accurate dust concentration analysis can be performed.
In this way, in the present invention, the laser pulse output value and Mie scattered light intensity for a predetermined number of times (for example, 100 times) are transferred to the data processing device, and only the Mie scattered light intensity at the appropriate laser pulse output value is integrated. Since it did in this way, since the data of the laser pulse output value which is not appropriate can be excluded, the highly accurate dust analysis can be performed in a short time.
This contributes to shortening of analysis time in recent years.

  FIG. 2 is a comparison graph between the data processing of the first embodiment and the data processing of the comparative example (normal). As shown in FIG. 2, in the case of performing processing as in the present embodiment, data that approaches an ideal (broken line) can be acquired. On the other hand, in the case where the processing as in the present invention is not performed, variations occur.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the combustion facility.
As shown in FIG. 4, a branch line 103a that branches a part of the gasified gas 102a from a gas line 103 that supplies a gasified gas 102 from a biomass combustion furnace 101 that is a combustion facility of the biomass gasification system 100 is provided. The dust concentration measuring device 10 </ b> A is provided in the branch line 103. Then, the soot concentration in the gasified gas 102 which is the gas to be measured is determined in a short time by the soot concentration measuring method described above, and the control device 104 performs feedback control of the combustion conditions. Thereby, the dust concentration can be measured with high accuracy in a short time (for example, within 5 seconds), and the combustion condition can be quickly dealt with.

A dust concentration measuring method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dust concentration measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the dust concentration measuring apparatus 10 </ b> B in the gas is further provided with a Raman scattering photodetector 43 that detects a Raman scattered light signal in the apparatus of the first embodiment.
The light receiving means of the light detector 43 for Raman scattering includes a spectroscopic unit 41 that measures the generated Raman scattered light 40 and an ICCD (Intensified Charge Coupled Device) camera 42. The received signal is processed by the data processing means 23 (CPU), and the spectrum peak intensity of the predetermined gas composition of the measured gas 12 is obtained.

FIG. 6 is a chart of the Raman scattered light measurement result of the biomass gasification gas. As shown in FIG. 6, hydrogen (H ₂ ) is 8%, water (H ₂ O) is 62%, carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is 12%, carbon monoxide (CO) is 6%, methane (CH ₄ ) Is 1%, and nitrogen (N ₂ ) is 12%. The ratio is calculated from the chart.

In this example, the signal intensity of a predetermined gas component (nitrogen) per pulse was obtained.
Then, an index of peak sensitivity of a predetermined gas component (for example, N ₂ ) of the gas 12 to be measured = (predetermined gas component (N ₂ ) peak intensity: I ₂ ) / (basic power intensity of the laser pulse 11: I ₀ ). Then, determination is made with the second threshold value, and a laser output meter (B peak intensity of the Raman scattered light 40 in the measurement chamber 20: I ₂ ) / (reference output meter 15B when oscillated from the laser device 13) The data is allowed when the basic power intensity (I ₀ ) of the laser pulse 11 obtained by the above is within the range of 0.95 to 1.05, and is excluded when it is outside this range. .
In addition, although the said parameter | index is set as the range of 0.95-1.05 in a present Example, this invention is not limited to this, You may change suitably with analysis conditions.

  Here, as an example of a method for setting the threshold value of the index, calibration curve data using a standard sample in gas is acquired as in the method described in the examples. The analysis accuracy obtained in a predetermined analysis time may be optimized in advance while changing the index (laser pulse output range).

  FIG. 7 is a comparison graph between the data processing of the second embodiment and the data processing of the comparative example (normal). As shown in FIG. 7, in the case of performing processing as in the present embodiment, data that approaches an ideal (dashed line) can be acquired. On the other hand, in the case where the processing as in the present invention is not performed, variations occur.

Further, the determination of the threshold value may be changed as the output of the laser pulse decreases.
For example, (the peak intensity of nitrogen of the Raman scattered light 40 in the measurement chamber 20: I ₂ ) / (the basic power intensity of the laser pulse 11 obtained by the reference output meter 15B when oscillated from the laser device 13: I ₀ ) Is within the range of 0.95-1.05, it may be changed to the range of 0.90-1.00 to make a determination corresponding to the deterioration.
Note that the range of change may be changed as appropriate according to the laser pulse conditions.

The dust concentration measurement method according to the present invention includes measurement of the dust concentration of a product gas from, for example, a pressurized fluidized bed boiler, a gasification furnace, a coke oven, and the like, for example, a turbine, a gas engine, and an introduction gas supplied to various boilers. When measuring the dust concentration in the gas, the gas component measurement can be stably performed over a long period of time by constantly monitoring the optical axis of the laser pulse.
Further, in the analysis by Raman scattering, the measurement accuracy can be improved by selecting an appropriate laser pulse.
Moreover, the gas composition of the useful gas (for example, GTL) obtained from not only a power plant but a chemical plant can be measured.

  As described above, according to the method for measuring the concentration of dust in the gas according to the present invention, the quick determination of the concentration of dust in the gas to be measured is ensured.

10A, 10B Dust concentration measuring device 11 Laser pulse 12 Gas to be measured 13 Laser device 14 Measurement region 20 Measurement chamber 30 Mie scattered light 31 Photo detector for Mie scattering 40 Raman scattered light 43 Photo detector for Mie scattering

Claims (6)

A laser device for irradiating a gas to be measured with a laser pulse;
A light detector for Mie scattering that measures Mie scattered light generated by laser pulse irradiation;
With a laser power meter that monitors the measurement state of the laser pulse emitted into the measurement chamber ,
In the method for measuring the concentration of dust in the gas, which measures the concentration of dust in the gas to be measured from the Mie scattered light generated by the laser pulse irradiated to the gas to be measured.
Measure the signal intensity of Mie scattered light,
Regarding the measurement state of the laser pulse monitored by the laser output meter , whether or not the output of the laser pulse per pulse of the laser pulse emitted into the measurement chamber is within a predetermined set threshold value within a predetermined unit time . If it is within the threshold range, the measurement data is allowed, and if it is outside the threshold range, it is excluded.
A method for measuring the concentration of dust in a gas, wherein the allowed Mie scattering signal intensity data within a set threshold value is integrated for a predetermined time, and the average is used as an average value of the Mie scattering signal intensity, and the dust concentration is obtained from the average value. In claim 1,
The set threshold is an index of laser pulse output = (measurement power intensity of laser pulse in measurement chamber: I ₁ ) / (basic power intensity of laser pulse when oscillated from laser device: I ₀ ). A method for measuring the concentration of dust in a gas, characterized by In claim 1,
A Raman scattering photodetector for measuring the gas composition of the gas to be measured from the Raman scattered light is provided.
A method for measuring the concentration of dust in a gas, wherein peak sensitivity (predetermined gas component peak intensity: I ₂ ) / (basic power intensity of laser pulse: I ₀ ) of a predetermined gas component of a gas to be measured is obtained. In claim 3,
A dust concentration measuring method in gas, wherein the predetermined gas component is nitrogen gas.   A method for operating a combustion facility, characterized by performing the feedback control of combustion conditions, which is determined by the method for measuring the concentration of dust in a gas according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A laser device for irradiating a gas under measurement in a measurement chamber with a laser pulse;
  A photodetector for measuring the signal intensity of Mie scattered light generated by laser pulse irradiation;
  A laser power meter for monitoring the measurement state of the laser pulse emitted into the measurement chamber;
  A processing device to which the output of the photodetector and the laser output meter is transferred,
  With respect to the measurement state of the laser pulse transferred from the laser output meter, the processing device can output the laser pulse per one pulse of the laser pulse emitted into the measurement chamber within a predetermined set threshold value within a predetermined unit time. If it is within the threshold range, the measured Mie scattered signal intensity data is allowed, and if it is outside the threshold, the measured Mie scattered signal intensity data is excluded.
  The processing device integrates allowed Mie scattered signal intensity data for a predetermined time, sets the average as the average value of Mie scattered signal intensity, and obtains the dust concentration from the average value, and measures the concentration of dust in the gas apparatus.

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