JP5342791B2 - Waste plastic oil production method and waste plastic oil production equipment - Google Patents

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for converting waste plastic to oil by pyrolyzing and fractionating waste plastic, and a waste plastic oil converting apparatus.

In recent years, plasticization of products has been promoted, and accordingly, the amount of plastic (waste plastic) to be discarded has become enormous.
However, the recycling of waste plastics has been delayed, and most of them are being landfilled or incinerated.

On the other hand, many waste plastic oil conversion devices have been proposed, but in order to obtain appropriately fractionated oil, a fractionation tower is generally used, which increases the size of the device and increases its production cost. It has become.
For this reason, the present state is that the oil plasticizing device for waste plastic is not widely used.

In addition, as a plastic oil-ized apparatus, the plastic continuous dry distillation pyrolysis-oil-ized apparatus provided with the some pyrolysis part and the some gas-liquid separator is disclosed, for example (refer patent document 1).
JP 2000-309781 A (first page)

The problem to be solved with respect to the waste plastic oil converting method and waste plastic oil converting device is that, in order to obtain oil that has been appropriately fractionated by the conventional method, the size of the oil converting device is increased, and the production cost is increased. It is in the point to become high.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a waste plastic oil conversion method and waste plastic oil conversion apparatus that can perform fractional distillation appropriately, reduce the size of the oil refiner, and reduce the manufacturing cost.

The present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the above object.
According to one aspect of the method for pulverizing waste plastic according to the present invention, the waste plastic is heated and thermally decomposed, and the oil component that has been vaporized is condensed by cooling to obtain an oil stock solution, The oil stock solution is led to a plurality of fractionation heating tanks connected in series, and heated and vaporized with a temperature difference so that the temperature gradually becomes high, and the oils having a high volatility that vaporize at a low temperature are sequentially added. And a fractionation step of condensing by cooling with each fractionation condenser connected to each fractionation heating tank to obtain oil of each required composition.

  Further, according to one embodiment of the method for converting waste plastics into oil according to the present invention, the plurality of fractionation heating tanks are arranged at substantially the same height, and the oil concentrate is passed through the plurality of fractionation heating tanks. The liquid level of the liquid is heated and vaporized while being maintained at substantially the same height position.

  Moreover, according to one aspect of the waste plastic oiling apparatus according to the present invention, a thermal decomposition tank that heats and decomposes the waste plastic, and an oil component vaporized in the thermal decomposition tank is cooled to form an oil stock solution. The condenser for oil stock solution to be condensed and the oil stock solution generated in the oil stock capacitor are connected in series so as to be sequentially heated with a temperature difference, and the oil stock solution is vaporized to each required composition A plurality of fractionation heating tanks to be connected to each of the fractionation heating tanks, and each fractionation condenser for cooling the vaporized oil to condense into oil of each required composition, and for the fractionation Each storage tank is connected to each capacitor and stores oil of each required composition.

  Further, according to one embodiment of the waste plastic oiling apparatus according to the present invention, the plurality of fractionation heating tanks are disposed at substantially the same height, and the oil stock solution is passed through the plurality of fractionation heating tanks. Each of the connecting pipes provided between adjacent heating tanks for fractional distillation so that the liquid level of each of the connecting pipes is maintained at substantially the same height. And a regulating valve capable of adjusting the height.

  Moreover, according to one form of the waste plastic oiling apparatus concerning this invention, it is arranged and connected between the said heating tank for fractionation, and the said condenser for fractionation, and a part of the vaporized oil is adiabatically expanded. It can be characterized by comprising a volume expansion section for condensing and liquefying.

  Further, according to one embodiment of the waste plastic oiling apparatus according to the present invention, the plurality of fractionation heating tanks are arranged in the order of gasoline, kerosene, light oil, and heavy oil from the pyrolysis tank side. It can be characterized by being.

  According to the waste plastic oil conversion method and waste plastic oil conversion apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to perform fractional distillation appropriately, and to achieve a particularly advantageous effect that the oil conversion apparatus can be reduced in size and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, a best mode example of a waste plastic oiling method and waste plastic oiling device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings (FIG. 1).
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an example of a waste plastic oiling apparatus according to the present invention.

First, an explanation will be given of a method for converting waste plastic to oil. In the first oil conversion step, waste plastic is heated and thermally decomposed, and the evaporated oil component is cooled and condensed to obtain an oil stock solution.
The heating means may be a well-known conventional technique such as a method of using electric power from an electric heating device, a method of burning liquid fuel such as gas fuel or petroleum with a burner, or a method of using heat generated by high frequency. . As the cooling means, a well-known and conventional technique such as water cooling or a method using a refrigeration cycle using a heat medium may be used.

In the next fractionation step, the oil stock solution obtained in the oilification step is guided to a plurality of fractionation heating tanks 30 connected in series, and heated and vaporized with a temperature difference so that the temperature gradually increases.
Then, in order from the highly volatile oil that vaporizes at a low temperature, the oil is condensed by being cooled by each fractionation condenser 32 connected corresponding to each fractionation heating tank 30 and having each required composition. Get the oil.
According to this, the apparatus can be configured to be planar and compact without using a conventional fractionating column. And although it is a small oil-ized apparatus, oil can be fractionated efficiently and appropriately. Moreover, since an oil-ized apparatus is reduced in size, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Further, in the method for pulverizing waste plastic according to the present invention, the plurality of fractionation heating tanks 30 are arranged at substantially the same height, and the liquid surface height of the oil concentrate is passed through the plurality of fractionation heating tanks 30. It is good to vaporize by heating, maintaining so that it may become substantially the same height position.
According to this, an oil stock solution liquefied by thermal decomposition can be efficiently and appropriately fractionated while being sent appropriately and sequentially by a small and simple apparatus.

Next, a waste plastic oiling apparatus will be described.
Reference numeral 10 denotes a thermal decomposition tank, which heats and decomposes waste plastic. For example, the plastic is heated to 400 to 500 ° C. and decomposed. In this embodiment, the electric heating device 11 is wound and heated by electric power.
Reference numeral 12 denotes a stirring blade, which is provided to stir the liquefied waste plastic which is rotated by the motor 13 so as to heat it uniformly.
Reference numeral 15 denotes a residue tank, which is a container for receiving a residue generated when the waste plastic is melted. Reference numeral 16 denotes a discharge opening / closing valve which is opened when discharging the residue.

In addition, the pyrolysis tank 10 of this embodiment is configured so that the raw plastic waste is heated and melted and fluidized.
Reference numeral 17 denotes a waste plastic supply unit, which is a device that can continuously supply waste plastic, which is crushed raw material, to a required temperature by being heated to a required temperature. For example, it can be set as the apparatus which heats granular waste plastic to about 300 degreeC, and supplies to the thermal decomposition tank 10 by pushing the thing of the fluidized state.

Reference numeral 20 denotes an oil stock solution condenser, which cools and condenses the oil component evaporated and evaporated in the thermal decomposition tank 10 into an oil stock solution. Reference numeral 21 denotes a water-cooled heat exchanging section, which is constituted by a pipe line that is provided around the oil stock solution capacitor 20 and serves as a cooling means for the oil stock solution capacitor 20.
Reference numeral 22 denotes an oil stock solution storage tank, which is a container portion that temporarily stores the oil stock solution generated in the oil stock solution capacitor 20. Reference numeral 24 denotes an electromagnetic valve, which is provided as an adjustment valve for opening / closing and controlling the flow rate of the communication pipe line 23 so as to appropriately supply the oil stock solution from the oil stock solution storage tank 22 to the fractionation heating tank 30a.

Reference numeral 19 denotes a volume expanding portion for the oil stock solution, which is disposed between the thermal decomposition tank 10 and the oil stock capacitor 20. A part of the pipe line 18 connecting the pyrolysis tank 10 and the oil stock solution capacitor 20 has a large diameter.
According to this, the gas containing the vaporized oil supplied from the thermal decomposition tank 10 is cooled by adiabatic expansion and becomes a space where pretreatment is performed until the gas reaches the oil stock solution capacitor 20. Further, among the vaporized components, a part of a heavy component is liquefied and dropped and an unnecessary portion is prevented from being sent to the oil stock solution capacitor 20.

30 (ad) are heating tanks for fractional distillation, and the oil stock solutions generated in the oil stock solution capacitor 20 are sequentially introduced and connected in series so as to be heated with a temperature difference, and the oil stock solutions are respectively connected. A plurality are arranged so as to vaporize the required composition.
In the present embodiment, four gasoline heating tanks 30a, kerosene distillation heating tank 30b, light oil distillation heating tank 30c, and heavy oil distillation heating tank 30d are arranged in series from the pyrolysis tank 10 side. Connected continuously. The heating temperature of the gasoline fractionation heating tank 30a is set to be the lowest, the temperature gradually increases, and the heating temperature of the heavy oil fractionation heating tank 30d is the highest. Thereby, the oil (gasoline, kerosene, light oil, heavy oil) of four different compositions can be fractionated suitably. Furthermore, if many heating tanks 30 for fractional distillation are provided, it can divide | segment more finely and can obtain the oil of a different composition.

  Moreover, the heating means concerning the several heating tank 30 (ad) for fractionation of this embodiment is comprised by winding the electric heating apparatus 31 (ad), respectively, and is heated with electric power. About this heating means, what is necessary is just to manage using the temperature management system of a well-known and usual technique so that each preset temperature can be maintained.

32 (ad) is a fractionation condenser, connected to each fractionation heating tank 30 (ad), in order to cool the vaporized oil and condense it into oil of each required composition. , Each is provided.
In this embodiment, four of the gasoline fractionation condenser 32a, the kerosene fractionation condenser 32b, the light oil fractionation condenser 32c, and the heavy oil fractionation condenser 32d correspond to each fractionation heating tank 30 (ad). Then, they are connected and arranged via the pipes 38 (a to d). Thereby, the oil (gasoline, kerosene, light oil, heavy oil) of four different compositions can be condensed.

The fractionation condensers 32 (a to d) are provided in the same configuration as the oil stock solution condenser 20, and a heat exchange section 33 (a to d) is provided for each.
In addition, with regard to the oil stock solution capacitor 20 and the fractional distillation capacitors 32 (a to d) of the present embodiment, water cooling pipes 25 constituting the water cooling type heat exchanging parts 21 and 33 (a to d) are connected in series. Has been. Reference numeral 26 denotes a cooling water tank, and 27 denotes a pump for circulating the cooling water. According to this, since the same amount of cooling water can be circulated through the capacitors 20 and 32 (a to d), reliable cooling can be performed. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and depending on the specification conditions, pipes may be connected in parallel or cooling water may be circulated for each capacitor.

Reference numerals 40 (a to d) denote storage tanks, which are connected to the fractional condensers 32 (a to d), and are provided to store oils having respective required compositions.
In this embodiment, four tanks 40a, a kerosene storage tank 40b, a light oil storage tank 40c, and a heavy oil storage tank 40d are arranged in the order corresponding to each fractionation condenser 32 (ad). are connected and arranged via a to d). Thereby, oils of four different compositions (gasoline, kerosene, light oil, heavy oil) can be recovered.

35 (ad) is a connecting pipe, and a plurality of fractionation heating tanks 30 (ad) are arranged at substantially the same height position, and the plurality of fractionation heating tanks 30 (ad) are arranged. The liquid level 34 of the oil stock solution is provided between the adjacent heating tanks 30 for fractional distillation so as to maintain the substantially same height position.
Moreover, 36 (ad) is an adjusting valve, and is provided for each connecting pipe 35 (ad) so that the height of the liquid level 34 can be adjusted.

More specifically, each connecting pipe 35 is connected from the bottom of the upstream fractionation heating tank 30 to the side wall portion of the downstream fractionation heating tank 30. That is, it is configured to be connected to a portion raised in the downstream fractionation heating tank 30 from a position lowered in the upstream fractionation heating tank 30. The height positions connected to the side wall portion of the fractionation heating tank 30 on the downstream side of each of the connection pipes 35 (a to d) are also set substantially the same.
Moreover, the adjustment valve 37 (ad) is distribute | arranged to the low position of the connection pipe 35 (ad).
And the check valve 37 (ad) is distribute | arranged to the part same as the height position connected to the side wall part of the heating tank 30 for fractionation in the high position of the connection pipe 35 (ad). According to the check valve 37 (a to d), the back flow of the oil stock solution can be prevented.

In this way, since the plurality of fractionation heating tanks 30 (a to d) are horizontally arranged and connected, the downstream fractionation heating is performed by the pressure of the oil stock solution in the upstream fractionation heating tank 30. The amount of the oil stock solution supplied to the tank 30 is defined. A forced oil pump is not required, and the raw oil solution is sequentially supplied to the downstream heating tank 30 for fractional distillation. Further, the amount of the undiluted oil solution supplied to each fractionation heating tank 30 is controlled by the regulating valve 36 (ad) and the check valve 37 (ad).
Further, the connecting pipes 35 (a to d) are pipe lines that lower and raise the oil stock solution. For this reason, as the oil stock solution is sent, the one having a higher specific gravity is sequentially pushed out appropriately.

The adjustment valves 36 (a to d) may be provided by, for example, electromagnetic valves and may be centrally managed and controlled. As the control device, each liquid level sensor (not shown) for detecting the height 34 of the oil stock solution of each fractionation heating tank 30 (a to d), and detection data of each liquid level sensor The adjustment valve 36 (ad) controlled based on the above may be used as a component.
According to these, the regulating valve 36 (ad) can be appropriately opened and closed, and the flow of the oil stock solution can be appropriately controlled. For this reason, the supply amount of the oil stock solution to be introduced can be appropriately controlled according to the change in the amount of evaporation and vaporization of the oil component in each fractionation heating tank 30 (ad). Therefore, oil fractionation can be performed appropriately.

Reference numerals 39 (a to d) denote volume expansion portions, which are connected and arranged between the fractionation heating tank 30 and the fractionation condenser 32, and are portions for condensing and liquefying a part of the vaporized oil by adiabatic expansion. ing. A part of the pipe line 38 (ad) connecting the fractionation heating tank 30 and the fractionation condenser 32 has a large diameter.
According to this, the gas containing the vaporized oil supplied from the fractionation heating tank 30 is cooled by adiabatic expansion, and is a part where pretreatment is performed until the gas reaches the fractionation condenser 32. Further, a part of the vaporized component is liquefied and dropped, and the heavy component is prevented from being sent to the fractionation condenser 32 more than necessary.

42 (ad) is an on-off valve, and is a valve that is opened when the residue is discharged in each of the heating tanks 30 (ad) for fractional distillation.
Reference numerals 50 (a to g) denote pressure release pipes, which are connected to and communicated with the tanks 10, 22, 40 (a to d) and 55, respectively. Reference numeral 51 denotes a water tank, and the ends of the pressure relief pipes 50 (a to g) are immersed in the water of the water tank 51. Thereby, each tank 10, 22, 40 (ad) and 55 is a closed system with a low water pressure.
Reference numeral 52 denotes an air vent pipe which is connected to and communicated with the upper part of the water tank 51 and has an upper end open to the atmosphere.
Reference numeral 55 denotes an automatic discharge tank which can discharge low volatility oil such as heavy oil. Moreover, since it can discharge automatically when it overflows with the some heating tank 30 (ad) for fractionation, safety | security can be ensured. In addition, 57 is a check valve and 58 is an on-off valve.

Waste plastics that do not contain chlorine as a component can be converted to oil by pyrolysis without requiring any special pretreatment. Therefore, with the configuration described in the above embodiment, oils having respective component compositions can be obtained by appropriate fractional distillation. For example, waste plastics such as polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene can be oiled and fractionated without pretreatment.
For waste plastic containing chlorine as a component, a dechlorination device unit may be employed. In that case, an apparatus unit for dechlorination may be incorporated as a pretreatment unit of the thermal decomposition apparatus.

  As described above, the present invention has been described in various ways with preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. That is.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of a form of the waste plastic oil conversion apparatus concerning this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Pyrolysis tank 20 Oil stock solution condenser 30a-d Fractionation heating tank 32a-d Fractionation condenser 35a-d Connection pipe 36a-d Control valve 39a-d Volume expansion part 40a-d Storage tank

Claims (3)

A pyrolysis tank that heats and decomposes waste plastic;
An oil stock capacitor that cools and condenses the oil component vaporized in the pyrolysis tank into an oil stock solution;
A plurality of fractionation heating tanks connected in series so that the oil stock solution generated in the oil stock solution condenser is sequentially introduced and heated with a temperature difference, and vaporizes the oil stock solution to each required composition; ,
Each fractionation condenser connected to each of the heating tanks for fractionation and cooling the vaporized oil to condense it into oil of each required composition;
Each storage tank connected to each fractionation condenser and storing oil of each required composition ;
The plurality of fractionation heating tanks are arranged at substantially the same height position, and the liquid level of the oil stock solution is maintained at substantially the same height position through the plurality of fractionation heating tanks. A waste pipe comprising: each connecting pipe provided between adjacent heating tanks for fractional distillation; and each adjusting valve provided for each connecting pipe and capable of adjusting the liquid level. Plastic oiling equipment. Wherein arranged connected between the fractionation heating vessel and the fractionation capacitor, according to claim 1, characterized by including the volume expanding portion for condensing and liquefying by the adiabatic expansion a portion of the vaporized oil Waste plastic oiling equipment. The waste plastic liquefaction according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of fractionation heating tanks are arranged in order of gasoline, kerosene, light oil, and heavy oil from the pyrolysis tank side. apparatus.

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