JP5339648B2 - Wind power generator - Google Patents

Description

As a wind turbine for wind power generation, a propeller type wind turbine with a horizontal axis is often used. The present inventor has proposed an upwind type propeller windmill in which the rotating surface of the windmill is located on the windward side of the tower, but can be improved to function as a downwind type windmill or a vertical axis type windmill. The present invention relates to a windmill and a wind power generator.

The upwind method has the advantage that the impeller is located on the windward side of the tower, so that it is not affected by the wind turbulence by the tower, but the impeller is located on the windward side, so the impeller is forced against the wind. A yaw control drive device is required to control to face each other.
Alternatively, it is necessary to provide a rudder as described in Patent Document 1 at the tail end. However, not only does the delay corresponding to the distance between the propeller and the rudder occur, but if the rotation increases, the rotating surface of the windmill becomes a wall, making the rudder difficult to function and unable to cope with changes in the wind direction.
In addition, even a large windmill equipped with the yaw control device as described above has a drawback that a time lag with respect to the wind direction is unavoidable and cannot cope with a gust of wind.

JP2005-299523

The technical problem of the present invention pays attention to such a problem, and solves the problem of the rudder and yaw control device in the upwind system in which the propeller type windmill is said to be less efficient if there is an obstacle ahead. There is.
In addition, as the need for in-house power generation has increased, it can be applied to downwind type wind turbines and vertical type windmills. A wind turbine and a wind power generator that can be installed are also realized.

Claim 1 is a wind turbine generator having a structure that receives wind from a side surface of a wind turbine of a vertical axis type with a propeller front facing upward .
The partition wall arranged in the horizontal direction has a circular hole with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the propeller or is settling in the back wind chamber so that the propeller can sink into the back wind chamber below the partition wall. A circular hole with a diameter smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the propeller is opened so that it is impossible,
The propeller type wind power generator is characterized in that a part of the wind pressure coming in the side direction of the rotating shaft hits the side surface of the propeller and the other part is guided so as to hit the back surface, ie, the lower surface of the propeller.

Claim 2 is provided with a windbreak wall on the upper side of the partition wall for preventing backwind against the rotation direction of the propeller,
A front opening guide for collecting wind on the propeller side is provided below the partition wall, and the bottom surface of the back wind chamber is an inclined surface with a downward slope, and the rear periphery of the back wind chamber is directed to the propeller side. The propeller-type wind turbine generator according to claim 1, further comprising a rising guide wall for guiding. Each form may be flat or curved.

The propeller type wind power generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an opening / closing means for adjusting an amount of air taken into a lower surface of the propeller is provided below the partition wall. .

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the propeller type wind turbine generator is configured to detect the wind direction so that the entire propeller-type wind power generator is directed to the wind direction manually or automatically. It is a propeller type wind power generator of a statement .

When driving a wind power generator having a structure that receives wind from the side surface of a vertical wind turbine with the propeller front facing upward ,
The partition wall arranged in the horizontal direction has a circular hole with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the propeller so that the propeller can sink into the back wind chamber below the partition wall, or is not settling in the back wind chamber. Open a circular hole with a diameter smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the propeller as much as possible,
Wind pressure coming from the side of the rotating shaft to the propeller side of the partition wall to rotate the propeller against the side surface of the propeller, wind pressure arriving at the lower side of the partition wall guides to rotate the propeller hits the bottom surface of the propeller This is a propeller-type wind power generation method.

The wind turbine generator having a structure in which the propeller front face is directed upward and the wind turbine is configured to receive wind from a lateral direction, and the partition wall arranged in the horizontal direction is configured such that the propeller is below the partition wall. A circular hole with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the propeller is opened so that it can sink into the back wind chamber, or a circular hole with a diameter smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the propeller is opened so that it cannot settle in the back wind chamber. Therefore, a part of the wind pressure arriving in the direction of the side surface of the rotating shaft ( wind pressure arriving above the partition wall) hits the side surface of the propeller to rotate the propeller, and the other part (wind pressure arriving below the partition wall) ) Hits the back surface of the propeller, that is, the lower surface, and rotates the propeller, thereby speeding up the rotation of the propeller and contributing to power generation. As described at the end of paragraph “0034”, the rotational speed can be controlled by sinking the windmill into the back wind chamber and adjusting the height, so power generation is possible without stopping the rotation even during a typhoon. .

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the windbreak wall for preventing the reverse wind with respect to the rotation direction of the propeller is provided on the upper side of the partition wall, it can contribute to high-speed rotation by receiving only the tailwind. In addition, a front opening guide for collecting wind on the propeller side is provided below the partition wall, the bottom surface of the back wind chamber is an inclined surface that is lowered forward, and the rear periphery of the back wind chamber is a propeller. Since the rising guide wall that leads to the side is provided, the wind pressure from the circular hole can be collected on the back surface of the propeller .

According to a third aspect of the present invention, opening / closing means for adjusting the amount of air taken into the lower surface of the propeller is provided on the lower side of the partition wall, and the amount of air taken into the back of the propeller can be adjusted, so that the number of revolutions of the propeller can be controlled.

Since the propeller type wind power generator is configured to be directed to the wind direction manually or automatically by detecting the wind direction as in claim 4, as described in paragraph “0034”, FIG. The entire apparatus of FIG. 14 is always directed to the wind direction.

When driving a wind power generator having a structure that receives wind from a side surface direction on a vertical-axis type windmill with the propeller front facing upward as in claim 5,
The partition wall arranged in the horizontal direction has a circular hole with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the propeller so that the propeller can sink into the back wind chamber below the partition wall, or is not settling in the back wind chamber. Make a circular hole with a diameter smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the propeller as much as possible. As a result, wind pressure coming from the side of the rotating shaft to the propeller side of the partition wall rotates the propeller against the side surface of the propeller, wind pressure arriving at the lower side of the partition wall to rotate the propeller hits the bottom surface of the propeller. Therefore, the rotation of the propeller is accelerated to contribute to power generation.

It is a perspective view which shows 1st Embodiment of the horizontal axis windmill by this invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment having a pair of propellers that are bisected by a slit. 3 to 5 are embodiments in which the shape of the propeller is designed, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view seen from the front. It is a top view which shows the form before punching. It is the perspective view which looked at the windmill of FIG. 3 from the back surface. It is a perspective view which shows the example which implemented the windmill of this invention to the wind generator of an upwind type, a downwind type, and a vertical axis | shaft type. It is a perspective view which shows the assist means peculiar to a down window type | mold. It is a top view which shows a vehicle-mounted vertical axis | shaft type windmill. It is a front view of the apparatus of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the flow of the wind of the apparatus of FIG. It is a model side view which shows a vehicle-mounted state. It is a top view which shows embodiment of a half dome shape. It is a front view of a half dome shape. It is a right view which shows the flow of a half dome shape wind. It is a schematic side view which shows a semi-dome shape vehicle-mounted state. It is a model side view which shows another embodiment of a semi-dome shape vehicle-mounted state.

Next, an embodiment of how the wind direction tracking of the propeller type windmill according to the present invention is actually realized will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of a propeller-type windmill according to the present invention, as viewed from the front. Reference numeral 1 denotes a wind turbine shaft, which forms a horizontal axis. Wind propellers W1 and W2 are integrally provided at the outer ends of two propellers P1 and P2 extending in the diameter direction.
In this embodiment, the wind direction tracking blades W1 and W2 are provided at the outer ends of the thin propellers P1 and P2, and the circumferential dimension m2 is larger than the radial dimension m1. Reference numeral 2 denotes a curved surface for wind direction tracking, which is formed at the outer ends of the blades W1 and W2 and closer to the front end in the rotational direction indicated by the arrow a1.
The curved surface 2 is bent toward the back portion of the windmill, and the front end side of the circumferential direction is biased toward the windmill shaft 1 by an angle α.

In this way, the wings W1 and W2 for wind direction tracking are provided at the outer ends of the propellers P1 and P2, and the front ends of the wings W1 and W2 are bent toward the back of the windmill. When the propellers P1 and P2 are continuously rotated in the direction of the arrow a1, the curved surfaces 2 and 2 form a cylindrical rotating surface bent to the leeward side.
As a result, when wind blows from the front, the front of the windmill always faces the incoming wind in order to allow the wind to escape smoothly backward.
Since the wings W1 and W2 for wind direction tracking are further formed on the outer ends of the propellers P1 and P2 that are inclined by the angle of attack by bending them into a valley V at the rotation center of the propellers P1 and P2, the curved surfaces 2 and 2 are formed. On the inner side of the wind turbine shaft 1, the area of the dimension m2 of the large functional blade f is inclined in the same direction as the propellers P1 and P2, and the rotational speed is increased by the action of lift generation. .

The propellers P1 and P2 in FIG. 1 are large near the wind turbine shaft 1 and small near the wind direction tracking wings W1 and W2, so that the wind direction tracking wings W1 and W2 are likely to be convexly curved, but they are indicated by broken lines. Thus, when the width near the wind turbine shaft 1 is reduced, the wind turbine shaft 1 is easily curved convexly. Thus, the part which is easy to curve convexly changes with the shapes of propellers P1 and P2. Of course, the propellers P1 and P2 may be curved so that the front surface is convex over the entire length.

The embodiment of FIG. 2 has slits, and the propellers P1 and P2 have diametrical slits S1 and S2. As a result, the propellers P1 and P2 are divided into two stages by the slits S1 and S2 in the diametrical direction, and the propellers P1 and P2 are moved in the direction of the arrow a1 by the action of the angle of attack with the center of rotation bent into a valley shape V. The downstream side of the airflow when rotating, that is, the rear stages P12 and P22 are shifted in a stepwise manner to the generator side of the wind turbine shaft 1 (the back side of the propellers P1 and P2). Moreover, they are integrally connected with the connecting shaft 1 ′ at the position of the rotating shaft 1 of the windmill, that is, the center of rotation.

As described above, when the propellers P1 and P2 are separated by the slits S1 and S2, the front and rear stages are stepped, and the propeller P11 having a two-stage structure is integrally connected by the connecting shaft 1 'at the center of rotation. , P12, P21, and P22 generate lift, so that the rotational speed increases. Also, since the inner ends of the two divided propellers P11, P12 and P21, P22, that is, the portions near the rotation center are integrally connected, the strength is maintained even if the propeller is divided into two, but the slits Since the decrease in the surface strength of the propeller due to the provision is undeniable, the strength can be increased like a rib by closing the slit. Theoretically, three divisions and four divisions are possible.

3 to 5 are examples of designing the shape of the propeller and have a complicated shape. 3 is a front view, FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a punched form, and FIG. 5 is a rear view. In order to manufacture a propeller having such a complicated shape, first, a sheet metal is punched into a shape with slits S1 and S2 as shown in FIG. 4, and then bending is performed to obtain a front stage propeller P11 as shown in FIGS. , P21 is bent into a valley V at the rotation center to form an angle of attack for generating lift, or the wind direction tracking blades W1 and W2 are bent in the back direction to form curved surfaces 2 and 2.
Then, the inner ends of the rear stage propellers P12 and P22 on the downstream side of the air flow, that is, the portions near the rotation center are integrally connected. In addition, the rotation center between the rear propellers P12 and P22 and the inner ends of the upstream propellers P11 and P21 on the upstream side of the air flow, that is, the portions near the rotation center are integrally connected by a connecting shaft 1 ′. The wind turbine shaft 1 is attached to the rotation center position of the front stage propeller and the rear stage propeller.

Thus, since the propellers P1 and P2 can be formed into a plate shape, all or part of the propellers P1 and P2 can be formed of a material having a constant thickness. Therefore, after punching out the entire shape, it can be manufactured simply by bending and connecting, and can be manufactured with fewer steps. Of course, mold formation is also possible.
A curved surface in place of the curved surface 2 can also be formed at the rear ends of the wind direction tracking wings W1, W2. In this case, not the outside of the rear end of the wind direction tracking wings W1 and W2 of the functional wings f, but the rotation center side radius R is bent to the windmill back to make a curved surface. Even when a curved surface is formed on the inner side R of the rear end of the wind direction tracking wings W1 and W2 in this way, a cylindrical rotating surface is formed and the incoming wind passes so as to reduce the passage resistance. Tracking is possible.
In one windmill, it is also possible to use the curved surface 2 outside the front end of the wind direction tracking blades W1 and W2 and the curved surface provided inside the rear end R at the same time. Further, the shape of the wind direction tracking blades W1 and W2 and the connection position with the outer end of the propeller are arbitrary and are not particularly limited.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an example in which the propeller type windmill of the present invention can be used as a downwind type or a vertical axis type, and it is assumed that wind is received from the direction of the hollow arrow. Therefore, A is an up window type, B is a down window type, and C is a vertical axis type. E is a generator and is driven by each windmill A, B, C. The speed increasing means is not shown.
The generator may be driven only by the downwind type windmill B and / or the vertical type windmill C without the upwind type windmill A.

The downwind type windmill B is configured to rotate at a higher speed when the wind is received at the back portion. Therefore, the upwind type windmill A is formed with an assist portion for the downwind. As shown in FIG. 7, it is sufficient if the auxiliary blade 3 is provided on the wind receiving surface of the windmill B and assists the rotation by the functional blade f, and the rotation force is small because it is provided closer to the rotating shaft 1. Since it is inclined in the same direction as the functional blade f, it does not hinder rotation.

The vertical wind turbine C is also used as the upwind type propeller wind turbine A. However, as shown in FIG. 8 and below, by adopting a wind receiving structure that devises the periphery of the wind turbine, It can be installed outdoors, and on workpieces.
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an example of an in-car type vertical axis windmill, and if a wind in the direction of a hollow arrow is received as the vehicle advances, a circular hole having a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the propeller windmill C Four empty partition walls 5 are provided on the back side (lower side) of the propeller. The circular hole 4 may be approximately the same as the outer diameter of the windmill C.
FIG. 9 is a front view seen from the direction of the arrow, and a windbreak wall 6 is provided on the side of the windmill C of the partition wall 5 to block the headwind that prevents the windmill C from rotating. That is, assuming that the windmill C rotates in the direction of the arrow a1, a component that becomes a head wind, that is, a reverse wind, prevents the rotation.
The wind barrier 6 is preferably sized to retract 20 ± 3 degrees from the forward direction of the vehicle.

On the other hand, front opening guide walls 8 and 8 for collecting wind are provided on both sides on the rear side of the windmill, but the narrowest part of the guide walls 8 and 8 is arranged so as to coincide with the circular hole 4. Is good. This space is called the back wind chamber because wind is applied to the back of the propeller from this space.
As shown in FIG. 10, a rising guide wall 9 is provided around the rear of the guide walls 8 and 8 to guide the collected wind toward the functional blade f.
Accordingly, the wind that has entered from the entrance i between the left and right guide walls 8 and 8 rises at the back guide wall 9, hits the back surface of the functional blade f, and rotates in the direction of the arrow a <b> 1. Further, in the wind that has reached the upper side of the partition wall 5, only the effective component that is not blocked by the windbreak wall 6 acts as a tailwind of the propeller C, and effectively rotates the propeller.

FIG. 11 shows this configuration for in-vehicle use, and it can be incorporated under the hood 10 as shown in the figure, or attached to the roof and covered with the cover 11. If the interval is increased toward the rear of the cover 11, the wind that hits the cover 11 is blown backward, so that no trouble occurs. The in-vehicle wind power generator can be installed in an inclined state.
In this way, it can be attached to a moving body such as a train or a ship, not limited to cars, and can be consumed by wind power generation. As described above, since the propeller type wind turbine is mounted as the vertical axis type, it becomes flat. Therefore, the power generation mode as described above is possible, and future use of private power generation can be expected.

The embodiment of FIGS. 8 to 11 is further improved in FIG. 12 and the following, and the windbreak wall 6 that prevents the head wind that prevents the wind turbine C from rotating is a semi-dome-shaped portion 6 that covers the front half of the propeller. The results show that it is effective to form 'and continuously. When the half dome-shaped portion 6 'is provided, the wind intake port O is open to the front, and the height direction dimension is 1/2 to 1/3 of the height of the propeller C. The effective dimension is about 90 ± 20 degrees, and the number of rotations of the propeller can be increased. That is, by covering the front half of the propeller C with the half dome-shaped portion 6 ′, the wind pressure entering from the front is prevented from colliding with the wind pressure flowing upward from the bottom of the circular hole 4, and the ceiling to which the wind pressure hits is increased. ing.

FIG. 14 is a right side view expressing the wind flow as described above. As is clear from this figure, the bottom surface 88 of the back wind chamber has a slope that falls forward, so that the wind entering from the inlet i is guided toward the back surface of the propeller C.
The part where the lower wind of the semi-dome 6 'and the rotating wind of the propeller C collide frontally prevents the propeller C from rotating smoothly, so that the lower end 6''of the semi-dome 6' has a larger radius. It is better to inflate. It is effective to retract the enormous portion 6 '' by an angle β from the original position.

Such an upward wind from the back wind chamber has the same effect as the wind received by the downwind wind turbine. Further, the installation effect of the semi-dome-shaped portion 6 ′ is that the upward wind blown from the inlet i and the wind on the upper side of the partition wall 5 collide with each other to form a vortex, and the wind flow is resisted and the wind speed is hindered. It is to prevent. Then, by opening the wind intake port O at the lower end of the half dome-shaped portion 6 ′, the wind hitting the curved surface of the functional wing can increase the lift and further increase the rotational speed.

When the bonnet 10 is raised as shown in FIG. 15 by the semi-dome-shaped portion 6 ′, the bonnet 10 is raised only at the portion of the half-dome-shaped portion 6 ′ instead of raising the entire bonnet 10 as shown in FIG. The rotational speed can be further increased by providing an opening on the downstream side of the wind to accelerate the outflow of the wind.

When traveling on an expressway or the like, if the wind pressure entering from the lower entrance i of the partition wall 5 and flowing upward is too strong, it is necessary to adjust the rotational speed by reducing the amount of air entering from the entrance i. For this purpose, the closing means 12 for the inlet i is provided to reduce the amount of wind inflow so that the upward wind pressure is not too strong.
Thus, closing the inlet i has a braking action against excessive rotation of the propeller, that is, the generator, and therefore the closing means 12 is preferably controlled to automatically open and close the inlet i.
In the illustrated example, the closing means 12 employs a structure that can be wound or unwound using a spring shape. However, if the closing means 12 is movable in the horizontal direction so that the opening / closing amount of the inlet i can be adjusted, the spring is used. It can be other than the shape. 12 e is the tip of the closing means 12.

The generator E often drives the generator after being increased by the speed increasing means, and does not drive the generator E with the output of the windmill as it is, but if a high performance generator is developed, it will increase. There is no need for speed means.
Although the speed increasing means is not shown in the figure, the generator is rotated through the speed increasing means even in the case of FIG.

When installing on the rooftop of a building or outdoors, the presence / absence of a support is determined according to the situation of the installation location, and the wind direction tracking of the peripheral device of the windmill is carried out by rudder or yaw control. For this purpose, if an aero vane anemometer 13 or a rudder is provided to enable easy rotation by interposing a bearing in the rotating part, the entire apparatus shown in FIGS. 8 to 14 is always directed to the wind direction. To do. Moreover, the peripheral form of the back wind chamber is free, and there are various variations depending on the state of the installation location. In addition, the installation in the state which removed the half dome-shaped part 6 'and the closing means 12 may also be possible. And the windmill installed in a back wind chamber and a peripheral device does not stick to a wind direction tracking type. Moreover, since the rotation speed can be controlled by sinking the windmill into the back wind chamber and adjusting the height, it is possible to generate electricity without stopping the rotation even during a typhoon.

As described above, the windshield has a curved surface curved in the back direction of the windmill at the outer end and / or inner end of the functional blade of the propeller, so the rudder and yaw control in the upwind type propeller type windmill Eliminates the need to solve device problems. Moreover, it can be used not only as a downwind type or a vertical axis type, but also by improving the periphery of the propeller, a small generator, a moving body type, a rooftop type of a building, and an outdoor type wind generator can be realized. In addition, with respect to the problem of wind noise, there is a significant difference in that there is almost no wind noise because there is a time difference in the wind pressure hitting the wing.

1 Windmill shaft 1 'Connecting shaft
P1 / P2 propeller
W1 ・ W2 Wind direction tracking wing f Function wing 2 Wind direction tracking curved surface V Valley-shaped bent part
S1 ・ S2 Slit P11 ・ P12 Divided propeller P1
P21 / P22 Divided propeller P2
R Inside part of rear end of wind direction tracking wing A Up window type B Down window type C Vertical axis type E Generator O Wind intake i Inlet 3 Auxiliary wing 4 Circular hole 5 Partition wall 6 Windproof wall 6 'Semi-dome-shaped part
8 Front opening guide wall
88 Back surface 9 Back up guide wall
10 Bonnet
11 Cover
12 Closing means
12e Tip of closing means
13 Anemometer

Claims (5)

In a wind turbine generator having a structure that receives wind from the side of a vertical wind turbine with the propeller front facing upward ,
The partition wall arranged in the horizontal direction has a circular hole with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the propeller or is settling in the back wind chamber so that the propeller can sink into the back wind chamber below the partition wall. A circular hole with a diameter smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the propeller is opened so that it is impossible,
A propeller-type wind power generator characterized in that a part of wind pressure coming in the side direction of the rotating shaft hits the side surface of the propeller and the other part is guided so as to hit the back surface, that is, the lower surface of the propeller. Provided on the upper side of the partition wall is a windbreak wall that prevents backwind against the direction of rotation of the propeller,
A front opening guide for collecting wind on the propeller side is provided below the partition wall, and the bottom surface of the back wind chamber is an inclined surface with a downward slope, and the rear periphery of the back wind chamber is directed to the propeller side. The propeller-type wind power generator according to claim 1, further comprising a rising guide wall for guiding. The propeller type wind power generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an opening / closing means for adjusting an amount of air taken into a lower surface of the propeller is provided below the partition wall. The propeller-type wind power according to claim 1, wherein the propeller-type wind power generator is configured to detect the wind direction and the entire propeller-type wind power generator is directed to the wind direction manually or automatically. Power generation device. When driving a wind power generator with a structure that receives wind from the side in a vertical wind turbine with the propeller front facing upward ,
The partition wall arranged in the horizontal direction has a circular hole with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the propeller so that the propeller can sink into the back wind chamber below the partition wall, or is not settling in the back wind chamber. Open a circular hole with a diameter smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the propeller as much as possible,
Wind pressure coming from the side of the rotating shaft to the propeller side of the partition wall to rotate the propeller against the side surface of the propeller, wind pressure arriving at the lower side of the partition wall guides to rotate the propeller hits the bottom surface of the propeller Propeller type wind power generation method characterized by the above.

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