JP5330486B2 - Bearing device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To exhibit vertical spring performance suitable for a wide range of input ranging from a low load to a high load. <P>SOLUTION: A bearing device includes an upper shoe 11, a lower shoe 12, an elastic body 13 which is arranged between the upper and lower shoes 11 and 12, and a restraint body 16 which surrounds the elastic body 13. A clearance is provided between the restraint body 16 and the elastic body 13. The property of a vertical load with respect to the amount of vertical displacement has primary and secondary gradients, and an inclination of an approximate straight line of the secondary gradient is greater than that of an approximate straight line of the primary gradient. Specifically, the gradient magnification of the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is in the range of 1.43-3.72. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2013,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a support device for supporting various structures such as buildings and bridges.

  2. Description of the Related Art A bearing device for a structure such as a building or a bridge includes a rubber bearing in which rubber plates and iron plates are alternately stacked and bonded together by vulcanization bonding (see Patent Document 1). In the rubber bearing, by constraining the displacement of the rubber, a device for improving the vertical spring rigidity and a device for improving the rotation follow-up performance are made. For example, in rubber bearings, rubber plates and iron plates are alternately laminated and vulcanized and bonded to reduce the fluidity of rubber and increase the rigidity of the vertical spring.

  Also, in the sealed rubber bearing, the rubber plate is placed in the metal pot that serves as the lower shell, and the piston-shaped upper flange is placed on the rubber plate so that the rubber plate behaves in an incompressible fluid. It is comprised so that rotation tracking performance may be acquired by being restrained (refer patent document 2). This sealed rubber bearing is handled as a metal bearing because it does not have vertical flexibility.

  Furthermore, in so-called compact bearings, in order to support a large vertical load, a concave portion is provided on each of the opposing surfaces of the upper and lower collars, and a rubber layer is disposed in each concave portion. Is prevented from bulging outward in the radial direction due to bending deformation, thereby improving the vertical spring rigidity (see Patent Document 3).

JP 2000-1820 A JP 2000-178922 A JP 2009-13773 A

  An object of this invention is to provide the support apparatus which can support a high load, expressing moderate vertical flexibility according to the load from a load.

  Specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a bearing device capable of expressing vertical spring performance suitable for a wide range of inputs from low loads to high loads.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a bearing device that can realize good rotation followability while increasing surface pressure.

  The bearing device according to the present invention is used as a bearing device for supporting various structures such as buildings and bridges, and includes a first rigid body, a second rigid body, the first rigid body, and the second rigid body. And an elastic body disposed between the rigid body and a restraining body surrounding the elastic body. A gap is provided between the restraining body and the elastic body. And a primary gradient of a low load region that appears as an approximate straight line in a load region where the characteristic of the vertical load relative to the vertical displacement is relatively low, and a secondary gradient of a high load region that appears as an approximate straight line in a relatively high load region. The slope of the approximate line of the secondary gradient is larger than the slope of the approximate line of the primary gradient. Specifically, the gradient factor of the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is 1.43 or more, and preferably 3.72 or less.

  As a result, the bearing device according to the present invention has a vertical deflection amount of 1 mm or less in the high load region while ensuring a vertical deflection amount that satisfies the deflection required for rotation in the vertical plane in the low load region. Moreover, the vertical spring characteristic which makes the level | step difference in the perpendicular direction between the to-be-supported articles arrange | positioned continuously 1 mm or less is realizable. That is, the bearing device according to the present invention can be handled as belonging to the elastic bearing device, not handled as a metal bearing device, and can suppress a step within a specified range.

  In the bearing device, for example, when the maximum allowable load is 500 kN, the gradient factor of the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is in the range of 1.65 to 3.37, and when the maximum allowable load is 1000 kN, the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is When the gradient factor of the secondary gradient is in the range of 1.73-3.62, and the maximum allowable load is 3000 kN, the gradient factor of the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is in the range of 1.43-3.72, and the maximum When the allowable load is 10,000 kN, the gradient factor of the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is in the range of 1.74-2.83.

  In the above-described support device, when an input exceeding a predetermined value is made, the elastic body elastically deforms so as to reduce the volume of the gap, and the deformed elastic body abuts on the restraining body and / or The elastic body is configured to be restrained from being deformed by pressure contact. For example, the elastic body is surrounded by the first rigid body, the second rigid body, and the restraining body to be in a substantially sealed state, and as the load on the elastic body increases, a more advanced sealed state To change. In such a support device, when a load is input, the gap formed by the concave portions between the convex portions of the side surface of the elastic body or the constraining surface of the constraining body is filled with the magnitude of the input. While the elastic body is deformed, the degree to which the convex portion comes into pressure contact with the restraining surface of the restraining body increases. The restraint body restrains such deformation of the elastic body.

  Here, the elastic body may be constituted by a laminated structure in which an elastic layer and a reinforcing plate are laminated, or may be constituted by a single elastic layer without including the reinforcing plate. When the elastic body has a laminated structure, the convex portion or the concave portion may be formed at one of the position of the reinforcing plate or the position between the reinforcing plates, and the concave portion or the convex portion may be formed at the other. When there is the reinforcing plate, the elastic body bulges between the reinforcing plates in a direction substantially orthogonal to the thickness direction of the elastic body when there is a load input. When the convex portion is provided at a position between the reinforcing plates, the elastic body is deformed excessively because the elastic convex portion of the elastic body is first pressed against the restraining surface of the restraining body. It can be prevented. In particular, it is possible to prevent damage due to local distortion of the elastic peripheral surface corresponding to the space between the reinforcing plates.

  The said effect | action can be effectively implement | achieved by forming the said convex part or a recessed part continuously and / or intermittently in the surrounding direction of the side surface of the said elastic body or the restraint surface of the said restraint body, for example.

  A gap may be formed between the side surface of the elastic body and the restraining surface of the restraining body. That is, the present invention is configured such that at least when a large load is applied, the convex portion of the elastic body is in contact with the restraining surface of the restraining body. It is also preferable that the restraint surface of the restraint body and the convex portion of the elastic body are in contact with each other during assembly of the support device. In this case, the position of the elastic body can be easily positioned in the restraint body during assembly.

  The restraining body may be provided integrally with the first rigid body, or may be provided integrally with the second rigid body.

  In the present invention, the elastic body is surrounded by the first rigid body, the second rigid body, and the restraint body, thereby forming a substantially sealed space portion, and a small bearing area such as a sealed rubber bearing. A gap is provided between the restraining body and the elastic body while realizing the load support. The characteristic of the vertical load with respect to the vertical displacement amount has a primary gradient in the low load region and a secondary gradient in the high load region, and the inclination of the approximate line of the secondary gradient is larger than the inclination of the approximate line of the primary gradient.

  As a result, the bearing device according to the present invention can be handled as belonging to an elastic bearing device, not as a metal bearing device. Further, it is possible to realize a vertical flexible displacement with respect to a vertical load, and in the case of a rotating action, the elastic body is deformed by the gap, and a good rotation followability can be realized.

  In addition, by providing a gap between the restraining body and the elastic body, the vertical displacement increases as the vertical load increases, but its characteristics are non-linear and the magnitude of the vertical load reaction force against the vertical displacement. The inclination (constraint degree or spring constant) of the graph representing the value increases as the vertical displacement or the vertical load increases. As described above, in the present invention, by setting the gap provided between the restraining body and the elastic body, the amount of increase in the vertical displacement amount decreases as the load increases, that is, the degree of restraint is variable. As above, the superstructure can be supported.

  In the present invention, the gradient factor of the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is in the range of 1.43-3.72. Therefore, in a low load region, a vertical deflection amount that satisfies the deflection required for rotation in the vertical plane is ensured, while in a high load region, the vertical deflection amount is 1 mm or less, and the continuously mounted bearings. A vertical spring characteristic in which the step in the vertical direction between the objects is 1 mm or less can be realized. That is, the bearing device according to the present invention can be handled as belonging to the elastic bearing device, not handled as a metal bearing device, and can suppress a step within a specified range.

  Specifically, for example, when the maximum allowable load of the bearing device is 500 kN, the above effect can be obtained by setting the gradient factor of the secondary gradient to the primary gradient in the range of 1.65 to 3.37. Furthermore, when the maximum allowable load of the bearing device is 1000 kN, the above effect can be obtained by setting the gradient magnification of the secondary gradient to the primary gradient in the range of 1.73-3.62. Furthermore, when the maximum allowable load of the bearing device is 3000 kN, the above effect can be obtained by setting the gradient factor of the secondary gradient to the primary gradient in the range of 1.43-3.72. Furthermore, when the maximum allowable load of the bearing device is 10,000 kN, the above effect can be obtained by setting the gradient factor of the secondary gradient to the primary gradient in the range of 1.74-2.83.

It is sectional drawing which shows the normal use condition of the support apparatus to which this invention is applied. It is a perspective view of an elastic body. It is a perspective view of the modification of the elastic body which provided the convex part and the recessed part in the vertical direction. It is a perspective view of the modification of the elastic body which does not provide a convex part and a recessed part. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the support device before installation (before a load is applied) between the upper structure and the lower structure, in which the convex portion on the side surface of the elastic body and the restraint surface of the restraint body are not in contact with each other. Indicates the state. It is sectional drawing of the support apparatus before installing (before load is applied) between an upper structure and a lower structure, Comprising: Between the convex part of the elastic body side surface and the restraint surface of a restraint body contact | abutted Indicates the state. It is a characteristic graph which shows the relationship between the amount of displacements of a perpendicular direction, and a vertical load. It is sectional drawing of the support apparatus using the laminated elastic body which provided the recessed part in the position of the reinforcement board. It is sectional drawing of the support apparatus using the laminated elastic body which provided the convex part in the position of the reinforcement board. (A)-(E) is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the reinforcement board of a laminated | stacked elastic body. It is sectional drawing of the support apparatus which the core material penetrated the upper collar. It is a modification of FIG. 11, and is sectional drawing of the support apparatus which fixed the restraint body to the lower arm. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the support apparatus which is not penetrated in any of upper / lower cores. It is sectional drawing of the support apparatus which made FIG. 13 more concrete. It is sectional drawing of the support apparatus which provided the convex part or the recessed part in the restraint surface of a restraint body, and shows the example which provided the recessed part in the position of the reinforcement board. It is sectional drawing of the support apparatus which provided the convex part or the recessed part in the restraint surface of a restraint body, and shows the example which provided the convex part in the position of the reinforcement board. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the vertical load and the amount of vertical deflection in the bearing apparatus with a maximum permissible load of 500 kN. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the vertical load and the amount of vertical deflection in the bearing apparatus with a maximum permissible load of 1000 kN. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the vertical load and the amount of vertical deflection in the bearing apparatus with a maximum permissible load of 3000 kN. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the vertical load and the amount of vertical deflection in the support apparatus whose maximum permissible load is 10000 kN.

  Hereinafter, a support device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Hereinafter, the support device will be described in the following order.

1. 1. Explanation of bearing device 2. Explanation of elastic body and restraint body 3. Explanation of operation of bearing device 4. Explanation of laminated elastic body 5. Description of modification of reinforcing plate Modification 1 of bearing device
7). Modification 2 of bearing device
8). Modification 3 of bearing device
9. Modification 4 of bearing device
10. Explanation of characteristics of vertical load with respect to vertical displacement 10-1. Bearing device with a maximum allowable load of 500 kN 10-2. Bearing device with a maximum allowable load of 1000 kN 10-3. Bearing device with a maximum allowable load of 3000 kN 10-4. 10. Bearing device with a maximum allowable load of 10,000 kN Other variations

[1. Description of bearing device]
As shown in FIG. 1, a bearing device 10 is mounted between an upper structure 1 such as a bridge girder and a lower structure 2 such as a bridge pier or an abutment to support various loads such as a horizontal load, a vertical load, and a rotational load. At the same time, it is a bridge support device that supports and absorbs and disperses vibrations, vibrations and stresses caused by earthquakes, winds, dynamic or static traffic loads, and the like. In the support device 10, an elastic body 13 serving as a support body is interposed between an upper collar 11 serving as a first rigid body and a lower collar 12 serving as a second rigid body. The elastic body 13 is surrounded by a restraining body 16 fixed to the upper collar 11 or the lower collar 12 (here, the upper collar 11).

  The upper arm 11 is preferably made of a rigid material such as metal, ceramics, or a hard resin or a reinforced resin such as FRP, but is not necessarily limited to a rigid material. It can also comprise by the material comprised by a combination. The upper collar 11 made of various materials can be set to an appropriate shape such as a substantially polygonal shape, a substantially circular shape, a substantially oval diameter, or a substantially elliptical shape in plan view. It is advantageous in terms of replacement from the top or construction. In addition, you may comprise the upper collar 11 so that an outer surface may be entirely covered with coating layers, such as an elastic body, and a weather resistance and a rust prevention effect may be acquired.

  As a means for fixing the upper collar 11 to the upper structure 1, the upper collar 11 may be directly secured to the upper structure using fastening means such as bolts and nuts. The upper plate 11 is indirectly fixed to the upper structure 1 using the upper plate 3 having a plate shape with a larger area. The method for fixing the upper collar 11 to the upper structure 1 is not limited to these examples.

  When used as a movable support device, the sliding member 4 is disposed above the upper rod 11, for example, between the upper rod 11 and the upper plate 3, so that the upper structure 1 and the support device 10 are relative to each other. You may fix so that displacement is possible. As the sliding member 4, for example, a plate having a surface with a low coefficient of friction such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) which is a kind of fluorocarbon resin is fixed to the upper surface of the upper collar 11, or It can be configured by being fixed to the upper structure 1 or the lower surface on the attachment means side fixed to the upper structure 1.

  The lower arm 12 is preferably composed of a rigid material such as metal, ceramics, or a reinforced resin such as a hard resin or FRP, but is not necessarily limited to a rigid material. It can be constituted by a material constituted by a combination of a rigid material and an elastic material. The lower bar 12 made of various materials can be set to an appropriate shape such as a substantially polygonal shape, a substantially circular shape, a substantially oval diameter, or a substantially oval shape in plan view. It is advantageous in terms of top, construction, and replacement. The planar shape or the like of the lower eyelid 12 does not necessarily match the upper eyelid 11, but the size of each part, the shape and position of the convex portion and the recessed portion, etc. match the setting of the lower eyelid 12 and the setting of the upper eyelid 11. It is necessary to let In addition, the lower eyelid 12 can also be comprised so that an outer surface may be entirely covered with coating layers, such as an elastic body, and a weather resistance and a rust prevention effect may be acquired.

  As a fixing means of the lower rod 12 with respect to the lower structure, for example, the lower rod 12 may be directly fixed to the lower structure 2 by using fastening means such as bolts and nuts. The lower rod 12 is indirectly fixed to the lower structure 2 using lower fixing means such as the lower plate 5 having a plate shape with a larger area. The method for fixing the lower rod 12 to the lower structure 2 is not limited to these examples.

  When used as a movable bearing device, a sliding member 6 is disposed below the lower rod 12, for example, between the lower plate 5 and the lower rod 12, so that the lower structure 2 and the bearing device 10 are relative to each other. You may fix so that displacement is possible. As the sliding member 6, for example, a plate having a low coefficient of friction surface such as PTFE is fixed to the lower surface of the lower rod 12, or the lower structure 2 or the lower structure 2 is fixed. It is possible to fix to the upper surface on the means side.

  The direct or indirect fixing of the upper rod 11 and the lower rod 12 is preferably a detachable method, and fastening with bolts, nuts, etc. is an example.

[2. Explanation of elastic body and restraint body]
As the elastic body 13, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, thermoplastic elastomer or thermosetting elastomer can be used, and among these, natural rubber is preferably used as a main component. Specific elastomer components include, for example, natural rubber (NR), polyisoprene rubber (IR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), ethylene-propylene rubber, butyl rubber ( IIR), halogenated butyl rubber (brominated, chlorinated, etc.), acrylic rubber, polyurethane, silicone rubber, fluorinated rubber, polysulfide rubber, hyperon, ethylene vinyl acetate rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene series Elastomer, urethane elastomer, polyolefin elastomer, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer (SIS), epoxidized natural rubber, trans-polyisoprene, norbornene Ring polymer (polynorbornene), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), high styrene resin, a rubber such as isoprene rubber alone, or may be used in combination of two or more.

  The elastic body 13a shown in FIG. 2 has, for example, a cylindrical shape and one (single layer) elastic layer in which a rigid reinforcing plate such as an iron plate is not provided. A convex portion 14 and a concave portion 15 are provided on the side surface of the elastic body 13a in the circumferential direction. In the example of FIG. 2, the convex portion 14 and the concave portion 15 are provided in parallel to each other and continuously in the circumferential direction.

  The convex portion 14 and the concave portion 15 may be provided intermittently in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, the convex portion 14 and the concave portion 15 do not have to be spaced in the thickness direction at regular intervals or at regular intervals. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, the elastic body 13 may be provided with convex portions 14 and concave portions 15 in the height (thickness) direction. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, the elastic body 13 may not have the convex portion 14 or the concave portion 15 on the side surface.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the elastic body 13 as described above is disposed on the lower collar 12 and supported by the lower collar 12. The elastic body 13 may be bonded to the upper collar 11 and the lower collar 12 to increase the bearing pressure. However, by not bonding, the elastic follower 13 can also achieve good rotation followability.

  Moreover, the elastic body 13 is surrounded by the restraint body 16, as shown in FIG. The restraining body 16 is a cylindrical body having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the elastic body 13, and is fixed to either the upper collar 11 or the lower collar 12, or the outer periphery of the upper collar 11 in FIG. 1. For example, the upper rod 11 and the restraining body 16 may be coupled using a fixing means 16b such as a bolt / nut. As the fixing means 16b, either one of the upper collar 11 and the restraining body 16 is provided with a male screw, and the other is provided with a female screw. It can also be performed by a known bonding method. The tip of the restraining body 16 on the lower collar 12 side is located outside the outer peripheral portion of the lower collar 12 and is not fixed. As a result, the upper rod 11 can move vertically downward while compressing the elastic body 13 when a vertical load is input. In other words, the tip of the restraining body 16 on the lower collar 12 side is located outside the outer periphery of the lower collar 12, thereby suppressing the shear deformation of the elastic body 13 disposed between the upper collar 11 and the lower collar 12. And the function of a piston that restrains the elastic body 13 in a substantially sealed state to increase the bearing pressure. Thus, the elastic body 13 supported by the lower collar 12 is disposed in a substantially sealed space with the upper surface surrounded by the upper collar 11 and the side surface by the restraining body 16. The bearing device 10 is a substantially sealed rubber bearing, and can support a high load with a small bearing area.

  Here, the size relationship between the elastic body 13 and the restraint body 16 will be described. In the example of FIG. 1, the support device 10 is installed between the upper structure 1 and the lower structure 2, and On the other hand, in a state where the elastic body 13 is deformed by the load of the upper structure 1, the convex portion 14 on the side surface of the elastic body 13 is in contact with the restraining surface 16 a on the inner peripheral surface of the restraining body 16. . That is, as shown in FIG. 5, before the installation between the upper structure 1 and the lower structure 2, the convex portion 14 on the side surface of the elastic body 13 is connected to the restraining surface 16 a on the inner peripheral surface of the restraining body 16. Is in a non-contact state between the upper structure 1 and the lower structure 2, the elastic body 13 is caused by the dead load of the upper structure 1 when installed between the upper structure 1 and the lower structure 2. The side surface convex portion 14 is in contact with the restraining surface 16 a on the inner peripheral surface of the restraining body 16. When the load is in the normal use range, the convex portion 14 on the side surface of the elastic body 13 is not in contact with the restraining surface 16a on the inner peripheral surface of the restraint body 16, and there is a high load exceeding the normal use range. In this case, the convex portion 14 on the side surface of the elastic body 13 comes into contact with the constraining surface 16a on the inner peripheral surface of the constraining body 16, and the convex portion 14 and the concave portion 15 are expanded on the constraining surface 16a by the input of a further high load. The deformed part may be pressed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the convex portion 14 on the side surface of the elastic body 13 is formed on the restraining surface 16 a on the inner peripheral surface of the restraining body 16 before being installed between the upper structure 1 and the lower structure 2. It may be in a contact state. In this case, when the elastic body 13 is disposed in the restraining body 16, the elastic body 13 in the restraining body 16 can be accurately positioned.

  As described above, when the elastic body 13 used in the present invention is provided with the convex portion 14 on the side surface of the elastic body 13 and the concave portion 15 other than the convex portion 14, when a vertical load is applied to the elastic body 13, Further, it is configured to be displaced vertically downward, and further, the amount of deformation of the elastic body 13 is limited by the restraining body 16. Therefore, as long as such an action can be realized, the positions and sizes of the convex portions 14 and the concave portions 15 provided on the side surfaces of the elastic body 13 are not limited to the above examples.

[3. Explanation of operation of bearing device]
In the support device 10 as described above, when installed between the upper structure 1 and the lower structure 2, as shown in FIG. 1, the elastic body 13 has a load in a normal use range (for example, dead load or (Dead load + live load during vehicle travel) is compressed, and the convex portion 14 of the elastic body 13 is positioned close to or in contact with the restraining surface 16a of the restraining body 16 surrounding the elastic body 13. In the support device 10, the elastic body 13 is elastically deformed according to the magnitude of the vertical load, and the elastic body 13 is deformed so that the convex portion 14 on the side surface fills the gap formed by the concave portion 15. Is pressed against the constraining surface 16a. That is, the displacement amount of the elastic body 13 is limited by the restraining body 16.

  In such a support device 10, the elastic body 13 supported by the lower rod 12 is surrounded by the upper rod 11 and the restraining body 16, and a predetermined gap is provided between the side surface of the elastic body 13 and the restraining surface 16 a. By providing a sealed space, the vertical displacement amount gradually increases as the input becomes heavier while enabling vertical flexible displacement with respect to the vertical load at the initial stage of heavy input or when inputting low load. As the amount of increase decreases, the modulus of elasticity increases, and when a large load is input, it behaves like a hermetic rubber bearing and realizes high load support with a small bearing area. In addition, when a rotational force is applied in the vertical plane from a low load to a high load, the elastic body 13 is partially supported by the restraining body 16, but the clearance between the elastic body 13 and the restraining body 16 The elastic body 13 is deformed, and good rotation followability can be realized without an extreme load on the elastic body.

Here, FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the amount of displacement in the vertical direction and the vertical load.
Line A: Not a sealed rubber bearing, but a rubber bearing whose displacement when a load is applied is not constrained.
Line B: The outer shape of the elastic body 13 is made smaller than the inner diameter of the restraining body 16 (the inner diameter of the pot portion), the convex portions 14 and the concave portions 15 are formed larger, and the restraining surface 16a and the side surface of the elastic body 13 The characteristics when the gap between them is increased are shown. (Large gap)
Line C: Characteristic when the gap between the restraining surface 16a and the side surface of the elastic body 13 is made smaller than that of the line B. (In the gap)
Line D: shows characteristics when the gap between the restraining surface 16a and the side surface of the elastic body 13 is minimized. (Small gap)
Line E: A sealed rubber bearing that does not provide a gap between the restraining surface 16a and the side surface of the elastic body 13. Although it has a rotation follow-up performance, it has almost no elastic displacement in the vertical direction and is handled as a metal bearing.

  In the rubber bearing shown by line A in FIG. 7, as the vertical load increases, the amount of vertical displacement increases substantially proportionally, and the slope (constraint or spring constant) of the graph is substantially constant. According to the example of the line BD in which the convex portion 14 and the concave portion 15 are provided on the side surface of the elastic body 13, the amount of vertical displacement increases as the vertical load increases, but the characteristics are nonlinear. That is, the inclination (constraint degree or spring constant) of the graph representing the magnitude of the vertical load reaction force with respect to the vertical displacement increases as the vertical displacement increases. Thus, when the convex part 14 and the recessed part 15 are provided in the side surface of the elastic body 13, it changes to a more advanced sealed state and the increase amount of a vertical displacement amount becomes small, so that a big load is input. The upper structure 1 can be supported by characteristics, that is, with the degree of restraint being variable. In other words, the bearing device 10 can support a high load while having appropriate vertical flexibility. Moreover, when the example of line BD is seen, the gentle range (primary gradient) of the inclination of the graph showing the magnitude | size of the vertical load reaction force with respect to a vertical displacement can be set narrowly, so that a clearance gap is small. That is, the vertical displacement is reduced. Furthermore, in the sealed rubber bearing of line E, there is almost no elastic displacement in the vertical direction.

  In particular, according to the example of the line BD in which the convex portion 14 and the concave portion 15 are provided on the side surface of the elastic body 13, when a high load is applied, the vertical flexible displacement becomes small and behaves like a sealed rubber bearing. Therefore, in the example of the line BD, the use range of the line BD is set according to the type, application, etc. of the superstructure 1 to be supported. For example, when a live load is added to the dead load, it is possible to reduce vibration and noise when passing through the vehicle by including it in the steep slope range (secondary slope) of the graph. . Since there is vertical deflection, the bearing device of line BD can be treated as belonging to the elastic bearing device.

[4. Explanation of laminated elastic body]
In the above example, the supporting device 10 using the elastic body 13 having a single elastic layer has been described. As the elastic body 13, a laminated structure in which an elastic layer and a reinforcing plate are laminated as shown in FIG. The elastic body 17 may be used. The elastic body 17 includes a reinforcing plate 17a, a plurality of elastic layers 17b, and the reinforcing plate 17a and the elastic layer 17b are bonded to each other by vulcanization bonding. When a load is applied to the single-layer elastic body 13, the free side surface is pushed out to the side, and in particular, bulges around the central portion in the thickness direction. In the laminated elastic body 17, since the reinforcing plate 17 a is provided, swelling of the free side surface of the elastic body 17 is suppressed, and the load bearing capacity is increased. However, since the side surface of the elastic layer 17b between the reinforcing plates 17a is also a free side surface, it slightly bulges to the side according to the load. However, in the support device 10, the restraint body 16 restrains the deformation of the elastic body 17, so that the bulging amount is small.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 8, in the laminated elastic body 17, on the side surface, the convex portion 18 is provided at the position of the elastic layer 17b on the free side surface, and the concave portion 19 is provided at the position of the reinforcing plate 17a. In this case, when the load is applied, the convex portion 18 comes into strong pressure contact with the restraining surface 16a of the restraining body 16 before the concave portion 19 because the free side surface of the elastic layer 17b bulges. Of course, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 9, the position of the reinforcing plate 17 a may be the convex portion 18 and the position of the elastic layer 17 b may be the concave portion 19. In this case, the free side surface of the elastic layer 17b which is the recess 19 slightly bulges, so that the convex portion 18 and the concave portion 19 are in contact with the restraint surface 16a of the restraint body 16 in the same manner and are evenly pressed. Can be done. The laminated elastic body 17 is the elastic portion at the position between the reinforcing plates that has the largest bulging amount in the past. The convex portion 18 is provided at this portion, and the periphery of the convex portion 18 is restricted by the restraining surface 16 a of the restraining body 16. Therefore, even when a high load is input, local stress on the elastic layer 17b around the internal reinforcing plate 17a is relieved. Further, the internal reinforcing plate 17a is not easily crushed by a high load, and the reinforcing plate 17a can be thinned, and the entire thickness of the support device 10 can be reduced.

  The size relationship between the laminated elastic body 17 and the restraining body 16 is the same as that of the elastic body 13, and as described with reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. The convex portion 18 may be in a non-contact state with the constraining surface 16a on the inner peripheral surface of the constraining body 16, but may be in a contact state. The portion 18 comes into contact with the restraining surface 16a on the inner peripheral surface of the restraining body 16, which is preferable because positioning is improved. However, the presence / absence of contact between the elastic body and the restraint body at the time when there is no input is not particularly limited. For example, when a large load is inputted, the convex portion 18 on the side surface of the elastic body 17 becomes the restraint body 16. You may make it contact with the constraining surface 16a of the inner peripheral surface.

  In the example of FIGS. 8 and 9, the upper collar 11 and the restraining body 16 are integrally formed. In the laminated elastic body 17, the vertical load support performance, horizontal load support performance, and vertical rotation performance are adjusted by the area and thickness of the elastic layer, the material and the number, the area and thickness of the reinforcing plate, the number, and the like. I can do it. Also. The restraining body 16 is fixed to the outer peripheral side of the lower surface of the upper collar 11. For example, the upper rod 11 and the restraining body 16 may be coupled using a fixing means 16b such as a bolt / nut. Further, as the fixing means 16b, either one of the upper collar 11 and the restraining body 16 is provided with a male screw, and the other is provided with a female screw. It can also be performed by a known bonding method.

[5. Description of modification of reinforcing plate]
Specifically, the reinforcing plate 17a used for the laminated elastic body 17 can be configured as shown in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 10 (A), a protrusion 21a is provided at the center of the surface of the upper collar 11 on the side where the elastic body 17 is disposed, and an annular recess 21b is provided around the protrusion 21a. . Moreover, the protrusion part 22a is provided in the center part of the surface by which the elastic body 17 of the lower collar 12 is arrange | positioned, and the recessed part 21b is provided in the circumference | surroundings of the protrusion part 22a. Therefore, the elastic body 17 disposed between the upper collar 11 and the lower collar 12 has a thin center portion and an annular thick portion around the periphery. Inside the elastic body 17, an annular reinforcing plate 17 a is provided in an outer peripheral region that becomes a thick portion. In the elastic body 17, a concave portion 19 is provided at a position of the reinforcing plate 17 a on the side surface, and a convex portion 18 is provided continuously or intermittently at the position of the elastic layer 17 b. Of course, the convex portion 18 may be provided at the position of the reinforcing plate 17a, and the concave portion 19 may be provided at the position of the elastic layer 17b. Moreover, you may make it provide the space | gap part 23a in the center part of the elastic body 17 for a restraint degree adjustment. Since such an elastic body 17 has a thin portion at the center and an annular thick portion around the center portion, it is possible to improve the rotation followability.

  FIG. 10 (B) is a modification of FIG. 10 (A), in which the surface on the side where the elastic body 17 of the lower eyelid 12 is disposed is formed flat, and only the upper eyelid 11 side has a protrusion 21a and a recess. 21b. In this elastic body 17, since the surface of the lower eyelid 12 on which the elastic body 17 is disposed is formed flat, the shape of the lower eyelid 12 and the elastic body 17 can be simplified, and the processing cost can be reduced. Can be reduced. Also in this example, the gap portion 23 a may be provided in the central portion of the elastic body 17. Further, on the side surface of the elastic body 17, a concave portion 19 is provided at the position of the reinforcing plate 17a, and a convex portion 18 is provided continuously or intermittently at the position of the elastic layer 17b. Of course, the convex portion 18 may be provided at the position of the reinforcing plate 17a, and the concave portion 19 may be provided at the position of the elastic layer 17b.

  In FIG. 10C, a plurality of annular reinforcing plates 17 a are provided concentrically with the elastic body 17. In this example, the opposed surfaces of the upper collar 11 and the lower collar 12, that is, the surface on which the elastic body 17 is disposed are formed flat. In this example, the protrusions 21a and 22a and the recesses 21b and 22b (see FIGS. 10A and 10B) are not provided on the surface on which the elastic body 17 of the upper and lower collars 11 and 12 is disposed. The structure is simplified and the processing cost can be reduced. The number of the plurality of annular reinforcing plates 17a may be one on the inner peripheral side or one on the outer peripheral side, and the number is not particularly limited. Further, in FIG. 10C, a plurality of annular reinforcing plates 17a are provided concentrically at the same height, but the heights at which the reinforcing plates 17a are provided are not necessarily the same. In this example as well, a gap 23a may be provided in the center of the elastic body 17. Further, on the side surface of the elastic body 17, a convex portion 18 is provided at the position of the reinforcing plate 17a, and a concave portion 19 is provided continuously or intermittently at the position of the elastic layer 17b. Of course, the concave portion 19 may be provided at the position of the reinforcing plate 17a, and the convex portion 18 may be provided at the position of the elastic layer 17b.

  In FIG. 10D, a plurality of reinforcing plates 17a are provided in parallel and spaced apart from each other. In this example, the number of reinforcing plates 17a may be one or more. In this example, a convex portion 18 is provided on the side surface at the position of the reinforcing plate 17a, and a concave portion 19 is provided continuously or intermittently at the position of the elastic layer 17b. Of course, the concave portion 19 may be provided at the position of the reinforcing plate 17a, and the convex portion 18 may be provided at the position of the elastic layer 17b.

  In FIG. 10E, a plurality of annular protrusions 17c are provided concentrically on the front and back of the reinforcing plate 17a. In this example, the number of reinforcing plates 17a may be one or more. Further, the number of the annular protrusions 17c is not particularly limited, and may be one, for example. Moreover, the cyclic | annular protrusion part 17c may be an intermittent thing instead of a continuous protrusion part. In this example, the convex part 18 is provided in the position of the reinforcement board 17a of the side surface of the elastic body 17, and the recessed part 19 is provided in the position of the elastic layer 17b continuously or intermittently. Of course, the concave portion 19 may be provided at the position of the reinforcing plate 17a, and the convex portion 18 may be provided at the position of the elastic layer 17b. Further, the annular protrusion 17c may be provided on only one of the front and back surfaces, and a plurality of reinforcing plates 17a may be provided.

[6. Modification 1 of bearing device]
A support device 30 shown in FIG. 11 is provided with a core 31 attached to the lower rod 12 and provided with a lifting prevention portion and a horizontal displacement prevention portion. The bearing device 30 includes an elastic body 17 having a laminated structure in which an elastic layer and a reinforcing plate are laminated between an upper collar 11 as a first rigid body and a lower collar 12 as a second rigid body. ing. The upper collar 11 of the support device 30 has a through hole 32 penetrating through the front and back surfaces. The core material 31 is inserted into the through-hole 32 from the upper surface side of the upper collar 11, and the amount of displacement of the upper collar 11 vertically downward is considered without the tip portion of the core material 31 protruding from the upper surface of the upper collar 11. Thus, the tip portion is accommodated so as to be lowered one step further. A lifting prevention piece 32 a is formed in a flange shape at the opening end of the through hole 32.

  The core member 31 inserted into the through hole 32 is made of a metallic bolt-shaped member having a head that becomes the large diameter portion 33, and the large diameter portion 33, which is the tip portion, is inside the through hole 32 of the upper collar 11. It is set to a size that can be accommodated. The core material 31 is inserted into the insertion hole 34 formed in the substantially central portion of the elastic body 17 from the through hole 32 of the upper collar 11, and further, the screw formed on the support surface side of the elastic body 17 of the lower collar 12. It is fixed by being screwed into the hole 35. When the core material 31 is inserted from the through hole 32 and fixed to the screw hole 35, the large diameter portion 33 is accommodated in the through hole 32 so as to be lowered by one step. The core material 31 is fixed to the lower rod 12 so that when the upper rod 11 and the lower rod 12 are about to be displaced relatively in the horizontal direction, the core material 31 becomes the tip surface or the through hole of the lifting prevention piece 32a. The displacement of the upper collar 11 is regulated by the core 31 fixed to the lower collar 12 while hitting the side surface of the lower collar 32. That is, the core material 31 functions as a horizontal displacement prevention unit, and prevents the upper collar 11 and the lower collar 12 from being excessively displaced in the horizontal direction. Further, the large-diameter portion 33 of the core member 31 is larger than the opening diameter of the lifting prevention piece 32a of the through hole 32 and engages with the lifting prevention piece 32a. The core material 31 has a large-diameter portion of the core material 31 fixed to the lower collar 12 when an upward lifting force is applied to the upper collar 11, that is, a force that the upper collar 11 attempts to lift relative to the lower collar 12. When the lifting prevention piece 32 a is locked to the 33, it is possible to prevent the upper collar 11 and the lower collar 12 from separating. That is, the large diameter part 33 functions also as a lifting prevention part.

  Moreover, the elastic body 17 is surrounded by the restraint body 16, as shown in FIG. The restraining body 16 is a cylindrical body having an inner diameter slightly larger than the average outer diameter of the elastic body 13, and is fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the upper collar 11. For example, the upper rod 11 and the restraining body 16 may be coupled using a fixing means 16b such as a bolt / nut. As the fixing means 16b, either one of the upper collar 11 and the restraining body 16 is provided with a male screw, and the other is provided with a female screw. It can be performed by a known bonding method or the like.

  The tip of the restraining body 16 on the lower collar 12 side is located outside the outer peripheral portion of the lower collar 12 and is not fixed. As a result, when the vertical load is input, the upper collar 11 can be displaced vertically downward while compressing the elastic body 13. That is, the distal end portion of the restraining body 16 on the lower collar 12 side is located outside the outer peripheral portion of the lower collar 12, so that it is disposed between the upper collar 11 and the lower collar 12 in cooperation with the core member 31. The function of suppressing the shear deformation of the elastic body 17 and the role of a cylinder that restrains the elastic body 17 in a substantially sealed state to increase the bearing pressure. Thus, the elastic body 17 supported by the lower collar 12 is disposed in a substantially sealed space with the upper surface surrounded by the upper collar 11 and the side surface by the restraining body 16. That is, the bearing device 10 is a substantially sealed rubber bearing, and can support a high load with a small bearing area.

  Even in such a support device 30, as in the above-described support device 10, the elastic body 17 supported by the lower collar 12 is surrounded by the upper collar 11 and the restraining body 16, so that a substantially sealed space is obtained. By forming a gap between the side surface of the elastic body 17 and the restraining surface 16a while realizing a high load bearing with a small bearing area like a substantially sealed rubber bearing, a vertical portion with respect to a vertical load is formed. Flexible displacement can be realized. In addition, during the rotation action, the elastic body 17 is deformed by the gap, and good rotation followability can be realized. Then, as shown in FIG. 7, by providing a gap between the restraining surface 16a and the side surface of the elastic body 17, the higher the load is input, the more the state is changed to a more advanced sealed state. The amount of increase can be reduced.

  In the support device 30, the elastic body 17 serving as a support body may be a single-layer elastic body 13 (see FIG. 2-4). Alternatively, the upper eyelid 11 may be used as the lower eyelid, and the lower eyelid 12 may be used as the upper eyelid. Furthermore, when installing in the upper structure 1 and the lower structure 2, as described above, the upper plate 3 and the lower plate 5 may be interposed and fixed, and the sliding members 4 and 6 are further interposed. It is possible to fix them (see FIG. 1). Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the support device 30 may fix the restraining body 16 to the outer peripheral portion of the lower rod 12 instead of the upper rod 11 by the fixing means 16b. In this case, the distal end portion of the restraint body 16 is located outside the outer peripheral portion of the upper collar 11 and is not fixed. As a result, when the vertical load is input, the upper collar 11 can be displaced vertically downward while compressing the elastic body 13.

[7. Modification 2 of bearing device]
In the support device 40 shown in FIG. 13, the core member 41 is configured such that the upper rod 11 and the lower rod 12 are not penetrated. In this support device 40, a core material 41 is attached to the lower rod 12, and a lifting prevention portion and a horizontal displacement prevention portion are provided. In addition, the bearing device 40 includes an elastic body 17 having a laminated structure in which an elastic layer and a reinforcing plate are laminated between an upper collar 11 as a first rigid body and a lower collar 12 as a second rigid body. ing.

  The upper collar 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the elastic body 17, and the restraining body 16 is fixed to the outer peripheral portion. For example, the upper rod 11 and the restraining body 16 may be coupled using a fixing means 16b such as a bolt / nut. Further, as the fixing means 16b, either one of the upper collar 11 and the restraining body 16 is provided with a male screw, and the other is provided with a female screw. It can be performed by a known bonding method or the like. The tip of the restraining body 16 on the lower collar 12 side is formed with a flange-shaped lifting prevention piece 42 projecting inward.

  The core member 41 is made of a metal bolt-shaped member having a head portion that becomes the large-diameter portion 43, and the tip portion is screwed into a screw hole 44 formed on the support surface side of the elastic body 17 of the lower collar 12. Fixed by. The core member 41 has a large diameter portion 43 at the upper end portion, and serves as a support surface that supports the elastic body 17. Further, the large diameter portion 43 engages with the rising prevention piece 42 of the restraint 16 fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the upper collar 11. The large-diameter portion 43 of the core member 41 fixed to the lower rod 12 serves as an anti-lifting portion, and when an upper lifting force is applied to the upper rod 11, the upper anti-raising piece 42 on the upper rod 11 side is locked. This prevents the upper eyelid 11 and the lower eyelid 12 from separating. Further, the large-diameter portion 43 of the core member 41 is formed in such a size as to slide on the restraining surface 16a of the restraining body 16, and the piston of the piston that restrains the elastic body 17 in a substantially sealed state to increase the bearing pressure. Thus, the displacement in the vertical direction is allowed, and a horizontal displacement prevention unit is provided to restrict the displacement in the horizontal direction by the core member 41. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the upper collar 11 and the lower collar 12 from being relatively displaced in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, a gap is provided between the lifting prevention piece 42 and the lower rod 12 so that the lifting prevention piece 42 does not hit the lower rod 12 when the vertically downward upper rod 11 is displaced.

  Even in such a support device 40, the elastic body 17 supported by the lower collar 12 is surrounded by the upper collar 11 and the restraining body 16 in the same manner as the above-described bearing apparatuses 10 and 30. By forming a space between the side surface of the elastic body 17 and the restraining surface 16a while realizing a high load support with a small bearing area like a substantially sealed rubber bearing, a vertical load is provided. The vertical flexible displacement according to can be made possible. In addition, the elastic body 17 is more easily deformed by the gap during the rotation operation, and a good rotation followability can be realized. And as shown in the said FIG. 7, by providing a clearance gap between the restraint surface 16a and the side surface of the elastic body 17, it changes into a more advanced sealed state, so that there is a high input pressure, so that there is a big input. The amount of increase in vertical displacement can be reduced.

  In the support device 40, the elastic body 17 serving as a support body may be a single-layer elastic body 13 (see FIG. 2-4). Alternatively, the upper eyelid 11 may be used as the lower eyelid, and the lower eyelid 12 may be used as the upper eyelid. Furthermore, when installing in the upper structure 1 and the lower structure 2, as described above, the upper plate 3 and the lower plate 5 may be interposed and fixed, and the sliding members 4 and 6 are further interposed. It is possible to fix them (see FIG. 1).

[8. Modification 3 of bearing device]
A support device 50 shown in FIG. 14 is a further modification of the support device 40 of FIG. In this support device 50, a core material 51 is attached to the lower rod 12, and a lifting prevention portion and a horizontal displacement prevention portion are provided. In this support device 50, an elastic body 17 having a laminated structure in which an elastic layer 17b and a reinforcing plate 17a are laminated is interposed between an upper collar 11 as a first rigid body and a lower collar 12 as a second rigid body. ing.

  The upper collar 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the elastic body 17, and the restraining body 16 is fixed to the outer peripheral portion. For example, fixing means 16b such as bolts and nuts can be used for coupling the upper collar 11 and the restraining body 16. Further, as the fixing means 16b, either one of the upper collar 11 and the restraining body 16 is provided with a male screw, and the other is provided with a female screw. It can be performed by a known bonding method or the like. The tip of the restraining body 16 on the lower collar 12 side is formed with a flange-shaped lifting prevention piece 52 projecting inward.

  The lower end portion of the core material 51 is fixed to the lower collar 12 serving as a base plate. The lower end surface of the core material 51 is provided with a positioning convex portion 51a, and the positioning convex portion 51a is positioned by being fitted into the positioning concave portion 51b on the lower collar 12 side. Further, the lower rod 12 is formed with an insertion hole 55a, and the fixing bolt 55b is fixed by being fastened to a fixing hole 55c provided at the lower end portion of the core member 51. A large-diameter portion 53 serving as a support surface for supporting the elastic body 17 is integrally provided at the upper end portion of the core material 51. The large-diameter portion 53 is provided with a screw hole 53a at the center of the back surface, and is integrated by tightening a screw portion 54 formed at the tip of the core material 51 into the screw hole 53a. Note that the bolt head portion of the fixing bolt 55b is accommodated without protruding into the recess 55d communicating with the insertion hole 55a of the lower collar 12.

  The large-diameter portion 53 integral with the core member 51 engages with the rising prevention piece 52 of the restraining body 16 whose lower surface of the outer peripheral portion is fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the upper collar 11. The large-diameter portion 53 of the core member 51 integrated with the lower rod 12 serves as a lifting prevention portion, and when the upper lifting force is applied to the upper collar 11, the lifting prevention piece 52 on the upper collar 11 side is locked. This prevents the upper eyelid 11 and the lower eyelid 12 from separating. Further, the large-diameter portion 53 of the core member 51 is formed in such a size as to slide on the restraining surface 16a of the restraining body 16, and is a piston of the piston that restrains the elastic body 17 in a substantially sealed state to increase the bearing pressure. Thus, the vertical displacement is allowed, and the horizontal displacement is prevented by the core member 51 as a horizontal displacement prevention unit. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the upper collar 11 and the lower collar 12 from being relatively displaced in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, a gap is provided between the lifting prevention piece 52 and the lower rod 12 so that the upper prevention piece 52 does not hit the lower rod 12 when the upper rod 11 is displaced vertically downward. .

  Even in such a support device 50, the elastic body 17 supported by the lower rod 12 is surrounded by the upper rod 11 and the restraining body 16, as in the above-described support devices 10, 30, and 40. By constructing a sealed space and realizing a high load bearing with a small bearing area like a sealed rubber bearing, a gap is provided between the side surface of the elastic body 17 and the constraining surface 16a. A vertical flexible displacement with respect to the load can be realized. In addition, the elastic body 17 is more easily deformed by the gap during the rotation operation, and a good rotation followability can be realized. And as shown in the said FIG. 7, by providing a clearance gap between the constraining surface 16a and the side surface of the elastic body 17, it changes to a more advanced sealed state, and a vertical displacement amount, so that there is a big load. The amount of increase can be reduced.

  In the support device 50, the elastic body 17 serving as a support body may be a single-layer elastic body 13 (see FIG. 2-4). Alternatively, the upper eyelid 11 may be used as the lower eyelid, and the lower eyelid 12 may be used as the upper eyelid. Furthermore, when installing in the upper structure 1 and the lower structure 2, as described above, the upper plate 3 and the lower plate 5 may be interposed and fixed, and the sliding members 4 and 6 are further interposed. It is possible to fix them (see FIG. 1).

[9. Modification 4 of bearing device]
In the above example, the case where the convex portions 14 and 18 and the concave portions 15 and 19 are provided on the side surfaces of the elastic bodies 13 and 17 has been described. However, as shown in FIG. Instead of providing the portions 14 and 18 and the concave portions 15 and 19, the convex portion 61 or the concave portion 62 may be provided on the restraining surface 16 a of the restraining body 16. The structure of the support device is the same as that of the support device 40 shown in FIG. Here, as an example, the laminated elastic body 17 is used. In FIG. 15, a flange-shaped lifting prevention piece 52 is fixed to the distal end portion of the restraining body 16 on the lower eyelid 12 side by fixing means 16 c such as a bolt and a nut so as to project inward.

  The constraining surface 16a of the constraining body 16 shown in FIG. 15 is provided with a convex portion 61 at the position of the elastic layer 17b on the free side surface and a concave portion 62 at the position of the reinforcing plate 17a. In this case, when a load is applied to the convex portion 61, the free side surface of the elastic layer 17 b bulges, so that the side surface that bulges laterally between the reinforcing plates 17 a and 17 a is pressed into contact with the convex portion 61. Will be. Of course, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 16, the position of the reinforcing plate 17a may be the convex portion 61, and the position of the elastic layer 17b may be the concave portion 62. In this case, the free side surface of the elastic layer 17b which is the concave portion 62 slightly bulges so that the convex portion 61 and the concave portion 62 are pressed against the constraining surface 16a of the constraining body 16 in the same manner. I can do it. As described above, when the convex portion 61 and the concave portion 62 are provided on the restraining surface 16 a of the restraining body 16, it is similar to the case where the convex portions 14 and 18 and the concave portions 15 and 19 are provided on the side surfaces of the elastic bodies 13 and 17. A working effect can be obtained. However, if a convex portion or a concave portion is provided on the inner peripheral surface side of the restraining body 16 so that a gap is provided between the elastic bodies 13 and 17, when a load is input, a vertical displacement occurs, thereby causing elasticity. There is a possibility that the position of each reinforcing plate 17a disposed inside the bodies 13 and 17 is displaced vertically downward, and the positional relationship between the reinforcing plate 17a and the convex portion 61 is deviated from the set position so that the required performance cannot be exhibited. In addition, machining the rigid inner circumferential surface of the restraint 16 is more expensive than machining the free side surfaces (elastic circumferential surfaces) of the elastic bodies 13 and 17. For this reason, it is preferable to provide a convex part and a recessed part in the elastic bodies 13 and 17 side.

[10. Explanation of vertical load characteristics with respect to vertical displacement]
The characteristics of the vertical load with respect to the vertical displacement amount shown in FIG. 7 will be described in more detail. Here, for each maximum permissible load, the volume of the gap between the side surface of the elastic body 13 and the restraint surface 16a of the restraint body 16 is varied, and the upper saddle 11 or the lower saddle 12 and the restraint body 16 are configured. The bearing device 10 having different gap volumes with respect to the pot portion 16d that accommodates the elastic body 13 was manufactured, and a vertical load was applied to the manufactured supporting device 10 to measure a vertical deflection amount (see FIG. 5). Here, an elastic body 13 having no convex portion 14 or concave portion 15 on the side surface as shown in FIG. 4 is used.

  In each maximum allowable load bearing device, as shown in Table 1 below, the bearing devices 10 having different maximum allowable loads with different gap volumes between the side surface of the elastic body 13 and the restraining surface 16a of the restraining body 16 are used. The vertical deflection amount was measured by applying a vertical load to the manufactured bearing device 10.

  Here, the volume of the elastic body 13 in Table 1 refers to, for example, the elastic body 13 before the support device 10 is installed between the upper structure 1 and the lower structure 2 as shown in FIG. The volume of the elastic body 13 calculated from the outer diameter d1 and the height h1 is shown. Further, the volume of the gap is the difference between the volume of the elastic body 13 and the volume within the restraint surface 16a (pot portion 16d) of the restraint body 16 calculated from the inner diameter d2 and the height h2 of the restraint surface 16a of the restraint body 16. Is shown.

  Here, FIG. 17 shows the characteristic of the vertical load with respect to the vertical displacement amount in the bearing device with the maximum allowable load of 500 kN, and FIG. 18 shows the characteristic of the vertical load with respect to the vertical displacement amount in the bearing device with the maximum allowable load of 1000 kN. FIG. 19 shows the characteristic of the vertical load with respect to the vertical displacement amount in the bearing device having the maximum allowable load of 3000 kN, and FIG. 20 shows the characteristic of the vertical load with respect to the vertical displacement amount in the bearing device having the maximum allowable load of 10,000 kN. .

  In FIG. 17, in a bearing device having a maximum allowable load of 500 kN, a case where the vertical load is smaller than 250 kN is defined as a low load region, and a case where the vertical load is larger than 250 kN is defined as a high load region. In FIG. 18, in a bearing device with a maximum allowable load of 1000 kN, a case where the vertical load is smaller than 500 kN is defined as a low load region, and a case where the vertical load is larger than 500 kN is defined as a high load region. Further, in FIG. 19, in the bearing device having a maximum allowable load of 3000 kN, a case where the vertical load is smaller than 1500 kN is defined as a low load region, and a case where the vertical load is larger than 1500 kN is defined as a high load region. Further, in FIG. 20, in the bearing device having the maximum allowable load of 10,000 kN, a case where the vertical load is smaller than 5000 kN is defined as a low load region, and a case where the vertical load is larger than 5000 kN is defined as a high load region. Then, for the samples shown in FIGS. 17 to 20, an approximate straight line in the low load region and an approximate straight line in the high load region are created using the least square method, and the primary gradient (slope) in the low load region of each sample is created. The secondary gradient (slope) in the high load range was calculated.

  As described above, in the support device of the present invention, by setting a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the elastic body 13 and the restraining surface 16a of the restraining body 16, the vertical load is applied at the initial stage of load input or when a low load is input. With the increase in input load while allowing vertical flexible displacement, the increase in vertical displacement gradually decreases and the elastic modulus increases, and a large load input is like a sealed rubber bearing. It behaves so as to realize a high load support with a small bearing area, and the elastic body 13 is partially supported by the restraint body 16 when a rotational force acts in the vertical plane from a low load to a high load input. The elastic body 13 is deformed by the gap between the elastic body 13 and the restraining body 16 while being supported by the elastic body 13 so as to realize good rotation follow-up performance without an extreme load on the elastic body. In other words, this bearing device can be treated as belonging to the elastic bearing device because of the vertical deflection when the primary gradient is loaded with a low load, and further, the elastic body 13 is in a region of a steep slope (secondary gradient). By suppressing the amount of deflection within a predetermined amount, vibration and noise when passing through the vehicle can be reduced.

  In the bearing device of the present invention, in order to realize such an effect, the gradient magnification of the secondary gradient (inclination) in the high load region with respect to the primary gradient (inclination) in the low load region is 1.43-3.72. To be in the range. In the road bridge support manual (April 2004: Japan Road Association), the allowable value of the amount of compressive displacement (step) is set to 1 mm or less for checking the step. That is, it is necessary to suppress the deflection amount due to the live load within 1 mm from the state in which the support device is installed between the upper structure 1 and the lower structure 2 and supports the dead load. In the present invention, the dead load is supported by setting the gradient magnification of the secondary gradient (inclination) in the high load region to the primary gradient (inclination) in the low load region in the range of 1.43-3.72. The amount of deflection due to a live load is kept within 1 mm from the present state, and vibration and noise when passing through the vehicle are reduced.

[10-1. Bearing device with a maximum allowable load of 500kN]
FIG. 17 shows the relationship between the vertical load and the amount of vertical deflection in the bearing device 10 having a maximum allowable load of 500 kN. The vertical axis represents the vertical load [kN], and the horizontal axis represents the vertical deflection amount [mm]. According to FIG. 17, in any of the samples 1-5, the vertical displacement increases as the vertical load increases in both the low load region and the high load region, and the higher load region than the primary gradient in the low load region. The quadratic gradient is steeper. Generally, in the bearing device 10 having a maximum allowable load of 500 kN, the dead load is set to 300-350 kN and the live load is set to 200-150 kN. In Sample 1-5, the gradient magnification (secondary gradient / primary gradient) of the secondary gradient (slope) in the high load region to the primary gradient (slope) in the low load region is 1.65 to 3.37. Therefore, the amount of vertical displacement in the live load region is within 1 mm, and vibration and noise when passing through the vehicle can be reduced. For example, even when the sample 5 having the gentlest gradient is taken as an example, when the vertical load (dead load) is about 300 kN, the vertical displacement is about 1.04 mm, and when the vertical load is about 500 kN, the vertical displacement is about 1 .34 mm, and the difference in deflection is about 0.3 mm. Therefore, it is possible to realize the vertical displacement amount in the live load region within 1 mm.

  In addition, according to the above-mentioned road bridge support manual, it is desirable that the support device 10 be able to bend about 1/150 rad in view of the rotational deflection. If the amount of deflection is insufficient on the check of rotational deflection, it will be handled as a metal bearing, causing a problem. That is, in the bearing device 10 having a maximum allowable load of 500 kN, the amount of deflection needs to be 0.53 mm or more from the equation of the amount of deflection δ = effective diameter ÷ 2 ÷ 150. In any of the samples 1-5, when a dead load (for example, a dead load of 300-350 kN) is applied, the amount of deflection can be 0.53 mm or more, and the conditions for the above-mentioned road bridge support manual can be satisfied. Note that the effective diameter referred to here is a dimension slightly smaller than the set diameter (about 10 mm or less in diameter) in consideration of the outer peripheral end portion (the portion not subjected to the surface pressure) of the elastic body 13.

  As described above, in the bearing device 10 (sample 1-5) having a maximum allowable load of 500 kN, the gradient magnification is set to a range of 1.43-3.72, preferably 1.65 to 3.37. The amount of displacement when a load is loaded can be suppressed to a level difference of 1 mm or less, and vibration and noise when passing through the vehicle can be reduced. In addition, in any of the samples 1-5, when at least a dead load (for example, 300-350 kN) is applied, the deflection amount can be 0.53 mm or more, and the conditions for the above-mentioned road bridge support manual can be satisfied. It can be handled as belonging to an elastic bearing device, not a metal bearing device.

[10-2. Bearing device with a maximum allowable load of 1000kN]
FIG. 18 shows the relationship between the vertical load and the vertical deflection amount in the bearing device 10 having a maximum allowable load of 1000 kN. The vertical axis represents the vertical load [kN], and the horizontal axis represents the vertical deflection amount [mm]. According to FIG. 18, in any of the samples 6-11, the vertical displacement amount increases as the vertical load increases in both the low load region and the high load region, which is higher than the primary gradient in the low load region. The quadratic gradient is steeper. Generally, in the bearing device 10 having a maximum allowable load of 1000 kN, the dead load is set to 600-700 kN and the live load is set to 400-300 kN. In Sample 6-11, the gradient factor (secondary gradient / primary gradient) of the secondary gradient (slope) in the high load region with respect to the primary gradient (slope) in the low load region is in the range of 1.73-3.62. Therefore, the amount of vertical displacement in the live load region is within 1 mm, and vibration and noise when passing through the vehicle can be reduced. For example, in the sample 11 having the gentlest gradient, the vertical displacement is about 1.28 mm when the vertical load is about 600 kN, and the vertical displacement is about 1.62 mm when the vertical load is about 1000 kN. The difference in deflection amount is about 0.34 mm. Therefore, it is possible to realize the vertical displacement amount in the live load region within 1 mm.

  In addition, according to the above-mentioned road bridge support manual, as described above, it is necessary to bend about 1/150 rad on the basis of the rotational deflection so that it is not handled as a metal bearing, and the deflection amount is 0.75 mm or more. It is necessary to be. In any of the samples 6-11, when a dead load (for example, a dead load is 600 to 700 kN) is applied, the amount of deflection can be set to 0.75 mm or more, and the conditions for the road bridge support manual can be satisfied.

  As described above, in the bearing device 10 (sample 6-11) having a maximum allowable load of 1000 kN, the gradient magnification is set to a range of 1.43-3.72, preferably 1.73-3.62. The amount of displacement when a load is loaded can be suppressed to a level difference of 1 mm or less, and vibration and noise when passing through the vehicle can be reduced. In addition, in any of the samples 6-11, when at least a dead load (for example, 600-700 kN) is applied, the amount of deflection can be set to 0.75 mm or more, and the conditions for the road bridge support manual can be satisfied. It can be handled as belonging to an elastic bearing device, not a metal bearing device.

[10-3. Bearing device with a maximum allowable load of 3000kN]
FIG. 19 shows the relationship between the vertical load and the vertical deflection amount in the bearing device 10 having a maximum allowable load of 3000 kN. The vertical axis represents the vertical load [kN], and the horizontal axis represents the vertical deflection amount [mm]. According to FIG. 19, in any of the samples 12-21, the vertical displacement increases as the vertical load increases in both the low load region and the high load region, and the higher load region than the primary gradient in the low load region. The quadratic gradient is steeper. Generally, in the bearing device 10 having a maximum allowable load of 3000 kN, the dead load is set to 1800-2100 kN and the live load is set to 1200-900 kN. In Sample 12-21, the gradient ratio (secondary gradient / primary gradient) of the secondary gradient (gradient) in the high load region to the primary gradient (gradient) in the low load region is in the range of 1.43-3.72. Therefore, the amount of vertical displacement in the live load region is within 1 mm, and vibration and noise when passing through the vehicle can be reduced. For example, even when the sample 21 having the gentlest slope is taken as an example, when the vertical load is about 1800 kN, the vertical displacement is about 2.15 mm, and when the vertical load is about 3000 kN, the vertical displacement is about 2.7 mm. The difference in deflection amount is about 0.55 mm. Therefore, it is possible to realize the vertical displacement amount in the live load region within 1 mm.

  In addition, according to the above-mentioned road bridge support manual, as described above, it is necessary to bend about 1/150 rad on the basis of the rotational deflection so that it is not handled as a metal bearing, and the deflection amount is 1.3 mm or more. It is necessary to be. The sample 13-21 except the sample 12 can have a deflection amount of 1.30 mm or more when a dead load (for example, 1800-2100 kN) is applied, and can also satisfy the conditions of the road bridge support manual.

  As described above, in the bearing device 10 (sample 12-21) having a maximum allowable load of 3000 kN, the displacement amount when the load is loaded is 1 mm by setting the gradient magnification in the range of 1.43-3.72. It is possible to suppress the level difference within the range, and vibration and noise when passing through the vehicle can be reduced. In addition, the sample 13-21 except the sample 12 can have a deflection amount of 1.30 mm or more when at least a dead load (for example, 1800-2100 kN) is applied, and can satisfy the conditions of the road bridge support manual. Yes, it can be handled as belonging to an elastic bearing device, not a metal bearing device.

[10-4. Bearing device with a maximum allowable load of 10,000 kN]
FIG. 20 shows the relationship between the vertical load and the amount of vertical deflection in the bearing device 10 having a maximum allowable load of 10,000 kN. The vertical axis represents the vertical load [kN], and the horizontal axis represents the vertical deflection amount [mm]. According to FIG. 20, in any of samples 22-31, the vertical displacement increases as the vertical load increases in both the low load region and the high load region, which is higher than the primary gradient in the low load region. The quadratic gradient is steeper. Generally, in the bearing device 10 having a maximum allowable load of 10,000 kN, the dead load is set to 6000-7000 kN and the live load is set to 4000-3000 kN. In Sample 22-31, the gradient magnification (secondary gradient / primary gradient) of the secondary gradient (slope) in the high load region with respect to the primary gradient (slope) in the low load region is in the range of 1.74-2.83. Therefore, the amount of vertical displacement in the live load region is within 1 mm, and vibration and noise when passing through the vehicle can be reduced. For example, when the sample 31 is taken as an example, the vertical displacement is about 3.0 mm when the vertical load is about 6000 kN, and the vertical displacement is about 3.4 mm when the vertical load is about 10000 kN. Is about 0.4 mm. Therefore, it is possible to realize the vertical displacement amount in the live load region within 1 mm.

  In addition, according to the above-mentioned road bridge support manual, as described above, it is necessary to bend about 1/150 rad on the basis of the rotational deflection so that it is not handled as a metal bearing, and the deflection amount is 2.4 mm or more. It is necessary to be. The sample 23-31 except the sample 22 can have a deflection amount of 2.4 mm or more when at least a dead load (for example, 6000-7000 kN) is applied, and can also satisfy the conditions of the road bridge support manual.

  As described above, in the bearing device 10 (sample 22-31) having a maximum allowable load of 10,000 kN, the gradient magnification is set to a range of 1.43-3.72, preferably 1.74-2.83. The amount of displacement when a load is loaded can be suppressed to a level difference of 1 mm or less, and vibration and noise when passing through the vehicle can be reduced. In addition, the sample 23-31 excluding the sample 22 can have a deflection amount of 2.4 mm or more when at least a dead load (for example, 6000-7000 kN) is applied, and can also satisfy the conditions of the road bridge support manual. Yes, it can be handled as belonging to an elastic bearing device, not a metal bearing device.

[11. Other variations]
In the above description, the bridge support device has been described as the support device of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the bridge support device, but as a support device for vibration control and seismic isolation of various structures. It can be adopted.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Upper structure, 2 Lower structure, 3 Upper plate, 4 Sliding member, 5 Lower plate, 6 Sliding member, 10 Support apparatus, 11 Upper collar, 12 Lower collar, 13 Elastic body, 13 Convex part 13 (13a , 13b, 13c) Elastic body, 14 convex part, 15 concave part, 16 restraint body, 16b, 16c fixing means, 16d pot part, 17 through hole, 17a lifting prevention piece, 18 core material, 19 large diameter part, 21 insertion hole , 22 Screw hole, 23 Laminated elastic body, 23a Reinforcement plate, 23b Elastic layer, 23c Annular projecting part, 24 Convex part, 25 Concave part, 25, 27a Protruding part, 27b Concave part, 28a Cavity part, 30 Bearing device, 31 core Material, 32 Lifting prevention piece, 33 Large diameter part, 34 Screw hole, 40 Bearing device, 41 Core material, 41a Positioning convex part, 41b Positioning concave part, 42 Lifting prevention piece, 43 Large diameter part 43a screw hole, 44 the threaded portion, 45a through hole, 45b fixing bolt, 45 c fixing hole, 45d recess 61 protrusion, 62 recess

Claims (16)

A first rigid body, a second rigid body, an elastic body disposed between the first rigid body and the second rigid body, and a restraining body surrounding the elastic body,
A gap is provided between the restraining body and the elastic body,
The characteristic of the vertical load with respect to the vertical displacement amount has a primary gradient in the low load region and a secondary gradient in the high load region,
The gradient of the approximate line of the secondary slope is rather greater than the slope of the approximate line of the primary gradient,
The support device according to claim 1, wherein when the input is greater than or equal to a predetermined amount, the deformed elastic body is brought into contact with and / or pressed against the deformed elastic body to restrain deformation of the elastic body .   The bearing device according to claim 1, wherein a gradient magnification of the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is 1.43 or more.   The bearing device according to claim 2, wherein a gradient magnification of the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is 3.72 or less.   4. The bearing device according to claim 3, wherein when the maximum allowable load is 500 kN, the gradient magnification of the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is in the range of 1.65 to 3.37.   4. The bearing device according to claim 3, wherein when the maximum allowable load is 1000 kN, a gradient factor of the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is in a range of 1.73 to 3.62.   4. The bearing device according to claim 3, wherein when the maximum allowable load is 3000 kN, the gradient factor of the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is in the range of 1.43-3.72.   4. The bearing device according to claim 3, wherein when the maximum allowable load is 10,000 kN, a gradient factor of the secondary gradient with respect to the primary gradient is in a range of 1.74-2.83. The elastic body is surrounded by the first rigid body, the second rigid body, and the restraining body to be in a substantially sealed state,
The bearing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the bearing device changes to a higher sealed state as the load on the elastic body increases. The elastic body bearing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 8, characterized in that the elastic layer reinforcing plate is constituted by a laminated structure that is laminated. A convex portion or a concave portion is formed on one of the position of the reinforcing plate or the position between the reinforcing plates on the side surface of the elastic body or the restraining surface of the restricting body, and the concave portion or the convex portion is formed on the other. The supporting device according to claim 9 . The elastic body bearing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 8, characterized by being composed of an elastic layer of a single layer. The support device according to claim 11 , wherein a convex portion and / or a concave portion is formed on a side surface of the elastic body or a constraining surface of the constraining body. The support device according to claim 10 or 12 , wherein the convex portion or the concave portion is formed continuously and / or intermittently in a circumferential direction of a side surface of the elastic body or a constraining surface of the constraining body. . Bearing apparatus according to claim 10, 12, 13, wherein the convex portion of the elastic member abuts against the restraining surface of the restraining member. The restraining body, bearing device according to any one of claims 1- 14, characterized in that provided the integrally with the first rigid member. The restraining body, bearing device according to any one of claims 1- 14, characterized in that provided the integrally with the second rigid body.

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