JP5326380B2 - Turning device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a turning device capable of stabilizing quality and preventing occurrence of failures and abnormalities by monitoring the cutting state of a turning tool side and the abutting state of a support side, and carrying out state management and abnormality detection. <P>SOLUTION: The turning device 1 holds a columnar or cylindrical workpiece 1 by holding both ends 1a of the workpiece 1 respectively with a holding part 2 and performs lathe turning by abutting the turning tool 3 on the surface of the workpiece 1 while rotating the workpiece 1 on its axis. The turning device includes a workpiece abutting support part 4 supporting the workpiece 1 by abutting on the surface of the workpiece 1 in the vicinity of a position opposing to the turning tool 3 with the workpiece 1 in between, a vibration detection means 6 having a sensor ring function detecting the vibration of the workpiece abutting support part 4, and a transmitting means 8 transmitting an abnormality alarm when the magnitude of vibration detected by the vibration detection means 6 exceeds a predetermined range. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a processing apparatus that precisely processes the outer shape of a long shaft component (such as a roll member for electrophotography).

In the cutting field of mass production and high-efficiency production such as the electronics field, it is required to improve the reliability of machining quality and to prevent the occurrence of abnormalities and defective products. In addition, unmanned driving at night and other labor saving efforts are being made.
As quality control methods in cutting, there are shape measurement (outer diameter / inner diameter / full length, surface accuracy) and appearance inspection, but there are many inspection man-hours and are often guaranteed by sampling inspection. In addition, since the appearance inspection is a sensitive inspection, detection variation occurs with respect to the reference sample, and in some cases, it is necessary to prepare a plurality of reference samples.
In addition, most of the causes of abnormalities in the cutting process are changes in cutting quality due to wear and breakage of the cutting tool (bite, drill). Generally, based on the processing results, the cutting tool life is set in consideration of the safety factor and replaced. Many methods have been used.
However, there are variations in the state of the blades, and there are cases where the number of blades used cannot be set or there are cases where blades that are still usable can be replaced, and this is not always applicable. For this reason, conventionally, various techniques for managing the state of a tool have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

Conventionally, in managing the state of the tool, (1) a method of detecting the load current of the main shaft power motor and monitoring the increase in main shaft torque caused by an increase in cutting resistance due to the deterioration of the cutting tool. (2) A method of detecting a change in machine vibration of a machine tool. (3) A method of detecting a change in force acting on the tool with a strain gauge or the like. (4) A method for detecting an increase in AE (Acoustic Emission) generated from a tool is known.
In Patent Document 1, when the tool vibration gain exceeds a threshold value, it is determined that the tool life (wear, damage), the tool replacement time is notified, and the vibration data is also analyzed by frequency analysis. A technique for determining the spectrum of an image is disclosed.
Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for detecting the damage level of a tool by AE generated from the tool at the time of cutting in order to improve the reliability of the tool abnormality monitoring method. Since the detection threshold is set from sampling data every time the tool is changed, there is no error due to a tool difference, and the detection device is highly reliable.
Further, when the outer diameter of the conductive member is finished by cutting, charging characteristics vary due to surface accuracy, burrs, and the like, so that uniform surface accuracy and wavefront are required. For this reason, in order to prevent burrs and pitch unevenness due to cutting feed on the machined surface (electrical resistance adjustment layer of the charging roller), a steady surface (support surface) is brought into contact with the opposite side of the cutting tool and the outer diameter machined surface It has also been studied to provide a feeding mechanism while abutting the two.
Furthermore, in order to perform high-precision cutting of a small-diameter and long roller, a configuration in which a processing machine for turning an outer diameter has a surface that supports a cutting surface from an opposite side of a tool (tool) has been studied.
However, as described in relation to the above (1) to (4), (1) is inferior in detection accuracy / ability when the cutting resistance is small with respect to the driving torque. (2) detects vibrations other than the cutting process, for example, vibrations other than machining such as the operation of the workpiece transfer machine, and causes large error factors such as noise.
For (3) and (4), it is necessary to deal with sudden phenomena such as temperature guarantee of the strain gauge and entanglement of chips during cutting. It is applied as an abnormality detection method by taking measures corresponding to the setting method of the abnormality threshold when the blade is replaced.
For parts that require high rotational accuracy, such as rollers and shafts, and for machining small diameter and long workpieces (outer diameter machining), machining the outer diameter of the material parts (cutting, grinding) In particular, image forming functions such as copying machines and printing machines, conveyance parts, etc. have a flare accuracy of 0.01 mm level.

In addition, when these rollers and shaft parts are used in combination, the accuracy of variation in the interference, contact position, and gap (gap) of each part is also required. High accuracy is required. The accuracy level is 0.010 mm or less, and the measurement unit is a required level up to 0.1 μm.
Furthermore, not only high precision but also space saving and light weight at the same time, the size of the parts can not be changed functionally, so the diameter is reduced and the wall thickness is reduced. Therefore, high precision, small diameter, and thin wall have become issues for the outside diameter processing of these rollers and shaft parts. Furthermore, in mass production processes, variation is reduced and high-efficiency production (reduction of production tact) is achieved. ), Automation is required.
However, there are the following problems due to the reduction in diameter and thickness. That is, (1) chuck deformation is likely to occur. (2) When the machining force (resistance) is applied to the workpiece, the workpiece rigidity cannot be balanced against the machining force at the workpiece center, and the workpiece deformation increases, and the workpiece is deformed at the center with respect to the outer diameter of both ends. The outer diameter of the is increased (straightness accuracy is increased). Moreover, there is a concern about deterioration of processing accuracy such as chatter and increased flare. (3) The torsional rigidity is reduced with respect to the processing rotation, and there are problems such as torsional deformation or scratches due to slipping at the holding portion.
These are all problems due to a decrease in workpiece rigidity, and it is necessary to examine the processing method. In order to cope with these problems, the machining machine minimizes the deformation of the workpiece that occurs when holding both ends of the workpiece (chucking) as much as possible, reduces the deterioration of workpiece accuracy due to so-called chuck deformation, For example, studies have been made to reduce the difference between individual exchange tools.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-2862 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-218655

However, in the above-mentioned patent documents and the like, the cutting state is grasped by using a vibrometer and an AE sensor to determine the deterioration and the life of the cutting tool. Moreover, those subjects are removing the burr | flash of a process surface, and the residue of a chip. In addition, the outline of the processing equipment and the processing method are the same, but it is possible to monitor the trouble on both the support side and the tool side by taking measures against troubles caused by fluctuations in the outer diameter that are not judged as a tool abnormality. The function is not described.
Further, as an object of the present invention, state management during continuous machining is required for improving the reliability of machining quality for high-efficiency production in these cutting methods and preventing the occurrence of abnormalities and defective products.
In the description of the prior art, the tool abnormality monitoring means has been described. However, when the tool is cut by using both a cutting tool and a support, it is necessary to monitor not only the cutting tool but also the state of the support mechanism.

For example, when the workpiece finish outer diameter increases due to wear of the tool, the contact force of the workpiece to the opposite support surface also increases by the increase in the outer diameter, and an excessive contact force acts on the workpiece. In this case, the workpiece is vibrated and a chatter failure occurs.
The support surface that comes into contact with the finished surface is too close to the workpiece, and the same chatter failure occurs when the contact force exceeds the appropriate range. Up to now, many proposals have been made for abnormalities on the tool side, but there is a concern that outer diameter fluctuations that are not recognized as tool abnormalities may occur due to abnormal support contact force.
Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to monitor the cutting state on the cutting tool side and the contact state on the support side in consideration of the above-described situation, and to perform state management and abnormality detection, thereby stabilizing the quality and failure. An object of the present invention is to provide a turning device that prevents the occurrence of abnormalities.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the invention according to claim 1 is directed to a columnar or cylindrical workpiece, wherein both ends of the workpiece are held by holding portions, and the workpiece is In a turning apparatus that performs turning by bringing a cutting tool into contact with the surface of the workpiece while rotating about an axis, the position of the workpiece is near a position facing the cutting tool and the workpiece. A workpiece contact support portion that contacts the surface to support the workpiece and moves in the direction of the rotation axis in synchronization with the cutting tool that moves in the direction of the rotation axis of the workpiece. Workpiece contact member vibration detection means having a sensoring function for detecting vibration of the contact support portion, and when the magnitude of vibration detected by the workpiece contact member vibration detection means exceeds a predetermined range Rotation provided with a transmission means for transmitting an abnormality alarm The processing apparatus characterized.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the turning apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein a sensoring direction of the workpiece contact member vibration detecting means is a back component force direction of cutting of the workpiece. To do.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, a tool vibration detecting means having a sensoring function for detecting the vibration of the tool is provided on the tool side, and the magnitude of vibration detected by the tool vibration detecting means is constant. The turning apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a transmission means for transmitting an abnormality alarm when a threshold value is exceeded.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the turning apparatus according to the third aspect, wherein a sensoring direction of the tool vibration detecting means is a main component force direction of cutting of the workpiece.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the workpiece contact member vibration detecting means and the bite vibration detecting means simultaneously output a sensor during processing, and output values during processing are individually and time-sequentially monitored. Item 5. A turning device according to any one of Items 3 to 4.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, when an abnormal value is detected during machining, the generated abnormal item is displayed and output in time series. It is characterized by.
The invention according to claim 7 displays and outputs the abnormality content and the adjustment content by registering the abnormality factor in advance according to the combination and occurrence timing of the abnormality occurrence. Features a turning device.
The invention described in claim 8 is characterized in that the turning processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is incorporated in the program of the NC machine with the timing of sensoring and the sensoring time.

  According to the present invention, a certain threshold value, which is an appropriate range, is exceeded by vibration measurement on the support side that contacts the processing surface while moving synchronously with the feed of the tool provided on the opposite side of the tool. In this case, an abnormality alarm is transmitted, so that it is possible to detect a support contact pressure abnormality due to a change in outer diameter that cannot be determined only by detecting a tool abnormality, and it is possible to prevent occurrence of defects.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a turning apparatus for carrying out the present invention. FIG. 1A is a front view of the turning apparatus A, and FIG. 1B is a sectional view in the vicinity of the cutting tool.
This turning device A holds a columnar or cylindrical workpiece (workpiece) 1 with a chuck device 2 or the like with both ends 1a as holding portions, respectively, and the axis of the workpiece 1 is the center. In this configuration, a cutting tool (tool) 3 is brought into contact with the surface of the workpiece 1 while being rotated by a motor not shown.
In this embodiment, a workpiece that supports the workpiece 1 in contact with the surface (machined surface) 1b of the turned portion of the workpiece 1 in the vicinity of the position facing the workpiece 1 together with the cutting tool 3. The workpiece contact support 4 is moved in the same direction as the cutting tool 3 (left arrow in the figure) according to the workpiece contact support part (support) 4 and the movement of the cutting tool 3 in the axial direction (left arrow in the figure). And a workpiece contact support part moving means (an actuator or the like not shown).
1B, the workpiece 1 is supported between the arcuate concave surface (support surface) 4a of the workpiece contact support portion 4 and the cutting tool 3 and is turned. Reference numeral 5 denotes the turned chips.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a monitoring device on the tool and workpiece contact support side. A vibration meter 6 is installed on the support 4 side, and either a vibration meter or a cutting dynamometer 7 is installed on the bit 3 side. In this case, the cutting dynamometer can monitor the variation of the cutting force in the vector direction, so the applicable range is expanded.
Explaining the machining process, the workpiece 1 is supplied, and after chucking, both axes rotate in synchronization. The cutting force is the resultant force (vector) of the main component force and the back component force. The main component force and the back component force fluctuate due to cutting allowance, feed, tool specifications, tool deterioration, workpiece variation, etc. There are things to do.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing vibration detecting means in the turning apparatus of the present invention. Here, in the turning apparatus of the present invention, the vibration detecting means (vibrometer) 6 for detecting the vibration of the workpiece contact support portion 4 and the magnitude of the vibration detected by the vibration detecting means 6 are predetermined. A transmission means 8 for transmitting an abnormality alarm when the range is exceeded is provided.
As a vibration detecting means, as shown in FIG. 3, a vibrometer (vibration sensor) 6 is attached, for example, in the vicinity of the back surface of the workpiece contact support portion 4. The vibration signal from the vibrometer 6 is input to a microcomputer 8 having a function as a transmission means, and when the magnitude of the vibration exceeds a predetermined range stored in a memory (not shown) of the microcomputer 8, The computer 8 transmits an abnormality alarm.
In the turning apparatus of the present invention, a vibration meter or cutting dynamometer for detecting the vibration of the cutting tool 3 is arranged on the side of the cutting tool 3 as vibration detecting means (here, cutting dynamometer) 7. Is input to the microcomputer 8. When the magnitude of the vibration signal exceeds a predetermined range stored in a memory (not shown) of the microcomputer 8, the microcomputer 8 issues an abnormality alarm.

With this configuration, the vibration measurement on the workpiece contact support 4 side outputs an abnormality alarm for the contact force exceeding the appropriate range, so that deformation of the workpiece can be suppressed, and as a result, the straightness accuracy Machining with high straightness accuracy is possible while improving machining efficiency and preventing frequent defective products and breakage of the cutting tool.
The machining is divided into rough machining and finishing machining. In rough machining, the support 4 is not operated, and the outer diameter is machined to the rough machining dimension. After the roughing is finished, finishing is performed, and after the cutting tool 3 has passed (finished surface) is brought into contact with the support surface 4a (FIG. 2), the feed is moved at the same speed as that of the cutting tool 3.
The support surface 4a has a small work workpiece outer diameter at the time of contact with the workpiece end, so the contact force is small. However, at the center of the workpiece axis, the work workpiece rigidity is small, so the influence of cutting force (back force) is exerted. Increases the outer diameter.
Therefore, since the contact distance between the support surface 4a and the work piece is also shortened, the contact force is increased, and a force that opposes the back force of the cutting tool 3 is generated, so that an increase in the outer diameter can be suppressed. Since the machining force by the cutting tool is symmetric with respect to the center of the shaft, an increase in the outer diameter due to the cutting force (back force) is suppressed when passing through the center, and the contact force with the support surface 4a is also reduced.
The support surface 4a advances in the feed direction while contacting the finish surface, but the contact force at that time has an appropriate range, and when the contact force is small (the workpiece finish surface and the support surface position are separated), The press at the center of the workpiece is small and the outer diameter of the center is large. When the contact force is large (the workpiece finish surface and the support surface position are close to each other), an overload acts on the workpiece, vibration may occur, and a chatter surface may appear on the finish surface.

As the work piece outer diameter is worn away by the cutting tool 3, the position of the cutting edge is separated from the center of the work piece, so that the finished outer diameter increases. Further, cutting resistance increases due to chipping and other defects, and the outer diameter of the central part in the axial direction of the workpiece increases in addition to the deterioration of surface accuracy. This is due to an increase in the back force, which can be confirmed by monitoring the back force.
In a turning machine (NC machine), a ball screw is often used as a moving mechanism on both the support side and the tool side, and the thermal expansion / contraction of the ball screw during continuous operation depends on the lead pitch of the ball screw. It is necessary to expect ˜3 μm, which causes fluctuations in the outer diameter on the tool side and fluctuations in the contact position on the support side.
As described above, by controlling the balance between the cutting force of the cutting tool 3 and the contact force of the support 4 by the concave surface within an appropriate range, high-precision machining with a total flare accuracy of 0.01 mm can be achieved.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a processing monitoring device in the processing device according to the present invention. In FIG. 4, the voltage signal from the vibration meter or cutting dynamometer 7 on the bite side is sent to the control unit 13 of the NC machine through the amplifier 9 and the comparator 10. Since the cutting force that fluctuates due to the deterioration of the tool is mainly a back component force and a main component force, vibrations in that direction and abnormal alarms on the cutting force are output.
On the other hand, the voltage signal from the vibrometer 6 on the support side is sent to the control unit 13 of the NC processing machine via the amplifier 11 and the comparator 12. If an abnormality occurs here, a predetermined process is performed to cancel the abnormality. In this way, vibrations on the support side and the tool side and transitions of cutting are simultaneously output.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a response when an abnormality occurs in the control unit of the turning apparatus. 3 and 5, when an abnormality occurs in the control unit of the NC machine, the machining operation is stopped after the machining cycle is completed (S1). Next, the abnormal content (occurrence timing) is detected (S2).
Next, the processing quality is confirmed without contacting the support 4 (S3). Check the cutting state (S4), end outer diameter: φ12.660 ± 0.005, outer diameter difference φ0.015 to 0.030, check for no chatter on the processed surface (S5), then support abutment, The outer diameter difference (cylindricity) is adjusted to φ0.010 or less (S6), and the processing is resumed (abnormal cancellation) (S7).
In step (S4), if the abnormal content is on the bit 3 side at the same time, it is determined whether or not chattering occurs when the outer diameter difference (cylindricity) is within 0.015 to 0.030 (S9). If chatter occurs on the processed surface within .030, the tool is replaced (S10). There is a great concern that cutting abnormalities occur due to wear and chipping of the cutting tool, and it is necessary to replace the cutting tool.
In step (S9), if chatter occurs on the processed surface other than 0.015 to 0.030, the bite core height is adjusted (S11). In this case, if the outer diameter difference is φ0.03 or more, the core height is lowered, and if the outer diameter difference is φ0.015 or less, the core height is raised. If the adjustment range of the lead height is within ± 0.1 mm or exceeds ± 0.1 mm, the lead height adjustment is stopped and the tool is replaced.
In step (S4), if the abnormal content is on the support 4 side (S12), it is determined whether the outer diameter difference (cylindricity) is 0.030 or more (S13). The core height is adjusted (S14).
In step (S9), if the increase in the outer diameter of the end portion is not more than 0.030 and φ0.005 or more (S15), the outer diameter is adjusted. In this outer diameter adjustment, a tool correction value is input to the NC processing machine, or the position of the support 4 is adjusted to move away from the processing surface.
Since the cause of abnormality is registered in advance according to the combination of the occurrence of abnormality and the timing of occurrence, information on the adjustment method can be provided to the person in charge of the process by displaying and outputting the abnormality content and adjustment content.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a charging roller of an image forming part in a copying machine manufactured by a processing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a table showing details of a comparative example of a workpiece used for machining in the machining apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing details of an embodiment of a workpiece used for machining in the machining apparatus according to the present invention in the form of a table. FIG. 9 is a graph showing the workpiece contact support portion side contact vibration at the initial time point. FIG. 10 is a graph showing vibration on the workpiece contact support portion side when chatter occurs.
Examples and comparative examples will be described below. As shown in FIG. 6, the workpiece (processed workpiece) is a charging roller 14 that is an image forming component in the copying machine. The charging roller 14 has a shape and configuration in which a metallic shaft (= core) 15 is covered with a resin layer 16 as an electric resistance adjusting layer having a charging function.
The core metal 15 was formed into a cylindrical shape φ14 by injection molding on a core shaft (outer diameter φ10 mm, shape layer step region φ8 mm, journal portion φ6 mm, total length 350 mm) made of SUM (Ni plating). Next, the outer diameter portion of the electric resistance adjusting layer 16 was cut by cutting. The outer diameter of the resistance adjusting portion was finished to φ12.6 mm for the φ14 molded product.

As an electric resistance adjusting layer, ABS resin (Denka ABS GR-3000, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo) 50% by weight, polyether ester amide (IRGASTAT P18, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) 50% by weight, polycarbonate-glycidyl methacrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile A resin composition comprising a resin composition obtained by mixing 5 parts by weight of a polymer (Modiper CL440-G, manufactured by NOF Corporation) with 100 parts by weight of polyether ester amide and ABS resin, and then melt-kneading the mixture. It is.
The rigidity of the work piece is such that the deflection amount is 0.04 mm when the central load is applied to the center portion with journals supported at both ends, and the work is easily deformed (elastically deformed) even at a low working force.

In addition, the charging roller 14 must be provided with an insulating resin material having a width of about 8 mm at both ends of the resin layer 16 over the entire length, and the gap between the charging roller 14 and the photosensitive member, which is an image latent image function roller, must always be kept constant. Therefore, the total flare accuracy of the charging roller 14 is required to be within 0.02 mm. Further, since the total flare accuracy of the molding (work material) is 0.1 to 0.3 mm, the cutting is divided into two steps of roughing and finishing.
Roughing rotation speed: 5000 rpm Feed: 0.25 mm / rev Cutting allowance: φ0.7
Use of workpiece contact support: None Finishing processing rotation speed: 3000 rpm Feed: 0.25 mm / rev Cutting allowance: φ0.7
Use of work piece abutment support: Yes (contact of work piece to machined surface)
Referring to FIG. 3, bit 3 is a sintered diamond material having a nose R3, a rake angle of 25 °, and a relief angle of 3 °. The jig shape of the support 4 was brought into contact with the machining surface from the opposite side of the cutting tool 3 only in the finish cutting process and moved at the same feed speed as the cutting tool 3. The concave shape (support surface) of the support 4 is a semicircle (180 °) of r6.40, and a clearance of φ0.1 to 0.2 (one side 0.05 to 0.1 mm) with respect to the finished outer diameter. Was provided.

The center of the semicircle of the support 4 and the center of the workpiece (main shaft) 1 were made to coincide with each other, and the gap was set to be the same between the upper and lower sides of the roller. The semicircular shape of the support 4 was finished to a surface accuracy in a semi-mirror surface state by lapping the finish, reducing the frictional load due to contact, and suppressing heat generation due to contact.
The support 4 and the tool 3 are activated and controlled by each axis independently by NC control. Although the support 4 is not shown, an air table is provided on the NC axis on the opposite side of the tool 3, and the support 4 is provided thereon. The support surface was moved by NC control to a position where it abuts the machining surface with the air cylinder table moved forward.
Since the support 4 includes an air cylinder table, the air cylinder serves as a buffer in the event of an overload. The processing apparatus uses a 6-claw balloon chuck of an inner diameter chuck type with a journal φ6 on both axes, and the rotational drive is a mechanism that rotates both axes synchronously.
Since the back component force acts at the central portion of the cutting, the work piece bends and the outer diameter of the central portion increases, so that a so-called drum shape is formed. Therefore, the contact force of the support increases at the central portion. As an appropriate range, the outer diameter difference φ0.015 to 0.030 in the cutting state in which the support 4 is not applied (retracted), the core height is decreased when the outer diameter difference is large, and the core height is decreased when the outer diameter difference is small. Raise and adjust.
And it is made to contact | abut by adjusting the contact surface position of the support 4 so that it may become the outer diameter difference (phi) 0.010 or less. If you want to reduce the outer diameter value of the central part, move it closer to the surface of the charging roller (workpiece) 14, and if you want to increase it or move it away from the surface of the charging roller 14 if the contact force is large and abnormal surface accuracy such as chatter occurs. Position control in the direction.

In the present embodiment, the end portion outer diameter φ12.660 / center portion outer diameter φ12.680 and the outer diameter difference φ0.020 are in a cutting state in which the support 4 is not brought into contact. When the support 4 is brought into contact with the finished surface to have a diameter of 0.010 or less, the maximum vibration value (peak to peak acceleration) is about 0.5 m / s ^ 2 (FIG. 9). The component force was about 500 gf / back component force was about 120 gf. The outer diameter was φ12.66 at both ends and φ12.67 at the center (outer diameter difference φ0.010).
A cutting dynamometer (type 9257B made by Kistler) 7 is installed on the bit 3 side, and an uniaxial vibration meter with built-in amplifier (NP-3331 made by accelerometer IMV) is attached on the support 4 side. The acquisition time is controlled within the machining program of the NC machine, and a sequence function is added to the NC machine and transmitted for data, and alarm processing is performed for data exceeding the specified value (threshold value). did.
In this way, the timing and sensoring time of the cutting dynamometer on the cutting tool 3 side and the vibration meter on the support 4 side are incorporated into the NC machine program, so the reliability of the monitoring data is improved and the sensoring state is changed. It can always be reproducible.

[Comparative example]
The case where only the cutting force on the bite side is monitored with a cutting dynamometer during finishing is described. The machining is a constant cycle continuous machining with automatic workpiece supply, and the appearance of the cut surface is visually judged as a quality check.
Referring to FIG. 7, when processing samples were confirmed at the time of processing about 10,000, chatter that was a defective product on the finished surface was confirmed by appearance inspection. No abnormality was found in the cutting force. Therefore, the processing machine was stopped, but about 50 workpieces have already been processed since the occurrence of defects, and 35 pieces of chatter became defective as a result of sorting.
In order to identify the cause of chatter, a change (fluctuation) in the outer diameter was confirmed. As a result, the difference in the outer diameter of the workpiece in the cutting state in which the support 4 was not brought into contact with the support 4 increased by about φ0.010. .020 (φ12.670 at the end, φ12.690 at the center), there was no change.
Since the finished surface is close to the support surface by 1/2 of the increase in outer diameter from the initial stage, the outer diameter change at the center of the workpiece is φ12.680⇒φ12.690 (increase in φ0.010). The finished surface was in a state approaching (intruding into) 0.005 mm with respect to the support surface, and it was estimated that an increase in the support contact force was a cause of chatter (FIG. 9).
Therefore, the support position was moved by 0.005 mm away from the workpiece finish surface, the occurrence of chatter was suppressed, and the outer diameter was also the end portion φ12.670 / center portion φ12.680. As an adjustment method, the cutting on the cutting tool 3 side can be increased by φ0.005 so that the outer diameter of the end portion is φ12.660 / the outer diameter of the central portion is φ12.670.

[Example 1]
The case where monitoring is performed with the cutting dynamometer 7 at the time of cutting and the case where the vibrometer 6 is installed on the support 4 side will be described with reference to FIGS. Although it was confirmed that the acceleration on the support 4 side increased to about 1 m / sec ^ 2 at the time of machining about 5,000th, no abnormality was found on the finished surface.
Since a portion where the acceleration on the support 4 side was larger than usual occurred at the time of machining of about 9000th, a slight chatter was confirmed when the machining sample was confirmed. At that time, the vibration (acceleration) on the side of the support 4 was detected as 4 m / sec ^ 2 at the position where it coincided with chatter (FIG. 10). Although it is not defective as a state of chatter, since there is a concern that a defect may occur if it is processed as it is, the processing apparatus was stopped and processing adjustment was performed.
When machining was performed without bringing the support surface 4a into contact, the difference in outer diameter was not changed to φ0.020, and no change in cutting force could be confirmed. However, since the outer diameter of φ0.005 has increased, the contact of the finished surface with the support surface 4a is increased, and there is a possibility that slight chatter has occurred.
At this time, by detecting vibration on the support 4 side, an abnormality in the contact force to the support surface 4a is detected, and chatter can be eliminated by lowering the position of the support 4 by φ0.005 from the finished surface. Occurrence can be prevented in advance.
In this way, when an abnormal value is detected during processing, the abnormal items that have occurred are displayed and output in time series, so that the status of the occurrence of the abnormality can be confirmed and can be used to identify the cause.

[Example 2]
Set the abnormal threshold of the cutting force back component force to 150 gf, the acceleration threshold on the support 4 side to 4 [m / sec ^ 2], and adjust the core height of the cutting tool 3 when the cutting force is abnormal When the tool is exchanged and an abnormality occurs in the acceleration on the support 4 side, the position of the support 4 is adjusted. Also, the contact force on the support 4 side becomes large and the cutting force may increase due to the occurrence of chatter, and it is determined by detecting which abnormality occurred first in time in the machining process. I will do it.
In this way, sensor output is performed simultaneously on the support side and the bite side during machining, and the output values during machining are monitored individually and in time series, so even if both abnormalities occur, the abnormal content is ordered within the machining cycle. Can be confirmed.

It is a figure which shows embodiment of the turning apparatus which implements this invention. It is the schematic which shows the monitoring apparatus by the cutting tool and the workpiece contact support part side. It is the schematic which shows the vibration detection means in the turning processing apparatus of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the process monitoring apparatus in the processing apparatus by this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the response | compatibility at the time of abnormality generation | occurrence | production in the control part of a turning processing apparatus. It is the schematic which shows the charging roller of the components for image formation in a copying machine produced with the processing apparatus by this invention. It is a figure which shows the detail of the comparative example of the workpiece used for the process in the processing apparatus by this invention in the form of a table | surface. It is a figure which shows the detail of the Example of the workpiece used for the process in the processing apparatus by this invention in the form of a table | surface. It is a figure which shows the workpiece contact support part side contact vibration in an initial stage with a graph. It is a figure which shows the workpiece contact support part side vibration at the time of chattering with a graph.

Explanation of symbols

  1 Workpiece (workpiece), 1a End shaft, 1b Machined part, 2 Holding part (chuck), 3 Byte (blade), 4 Workpiece contact support part (support), 4a Arc-shaped concave surface (support surface) ), 6 Vibration detecting means (vibrometer), 7 Vibration detecting means (cutting dynamometer or vibrometer), 8 Transmitting means (computer), 13 NC machine control unit

Claims (8)

A cylindrical or cylindrical workpiece is held by the holding portions at both ends of the workpiece, and a bit is applied to the surface of the workpiece while rotating about the axis of the workpiece. In the lathe turning machine that makes contact and turn,
Near the position facing the tool and the workpiece, the surface of the workpiece is contacted to support the workpiece and is synchronized with the tool moving in the direction of the rotation axis of the workpiece. A workpiece contact support that moves in the direction of the rotation axis
A workpiece contact member vibration detecting means having a sensoring function for detecting vibration of the workpiece contact support portion;
And a turning device characterized by comprising a sending means for sending an abnormal alarm when the magnitude of vibration detected by the workpiece contact member vibration detecting means exceeds a predetermined range. The turning apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a sensoring direction of the workpiece contact member vibration detecting means is a back component force direction of cutting of the workpiece. A tool vibration detecting means having a sensoring function for detecting the vibration of the tool is provided on the tool side, and an abnormality alarm is issued when the magnitude of vibration detected by the tool vibration detecting means exceeds a certain threshold value. The turning apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a transmitting means for transmitting. 4. The turning apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a sensoring direction of the cutting tool vibration detecting means is a main component force direction of cutting of the workpiece. Wherein during machining the workpiece abutting member vibration detecting means and said byte vibration detecting means is a sensor output at the same time, the individual output values during processing, one of the claims 3 to 4, characterized in that to monitor the time series The turning processing apparatus according to claim 1.   The turning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when an abnormal value is detected during machining, the generated abnormal items are displayed and output in time series.   The turning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the abnormality content and the adjustment content are displayed and output by registering an abnormality factor in advance according to the combination of occurrence of abnormality and the timing of occurrence.   The turning processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sensoring timing and the sensoring time are incorporated in a program of the NC processing machine.

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