JP5320900B2 - Manufacturing method of rotating machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a rotating machine that includes a stator and a rotor that rotates in opposition to each other with a predetermined gap.

Recently, attention has been focused on increasing the efficiency of rotating machines from the viewpoint of environmental problems, resource saving, and energy saving. Conventionally, induction motors have been widely used as AC variable speed machines, and have a simple structure and are robust. A drive system using an inverter is also highly complete. However, since the induction motor requires slip in terms of driving principle, a loss occurs in the secondary conductor, resulting in a reduction in efficiency.
In contrast to induction motors, synchronous motors used as the same AC variable speed machine do not require the above-mentioned slip, and permanent magnet type rotating machines, which are one of the synchronous motors, generate excitation loss because they use permanent magnets in the field. Therefore, since it can be driven with high efficiency, it is expected to be a rotating machine that can become a mainstream instead of an induction motor.

  One of the permanent magnet type rotating machines is a surface magnet type rotating machine. This surface magnet rotating machine is a rotating machine that uses a magnet torque generated according to the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux generated by the magnet provided on the rotor surface and the magnetic flux generated from the magnet with the windings provided in the stator. Since ripples are small and responsiveness is excellent, it is used in rotating machines that require high-speed response such as servo motors.

As another permanent magnet type rotating machine, an embedded magnet type rotating machine can be cited. This embedded magnet type rotating machine is a rotating machine that uses a reluctance torque that uses the magnetic resistance of the rotor core in addition to the above-described magnet torque, and is widely used as a small, high-output, high-efficiency rotating machine. .
The structure of the permanent magnet type rotating machine described above includes a rotor that is a rotating body and a stator that is provided with an armature winding that generates a rotating magnetic field, as in a normal rotating machine. The rotor core and the stator core are generally formed by punching a thin steel plate having a high magnetic permeability with a punching die and stacking the punched core plates.

As a manufacturing method of this kind of rotating machine, in the first first step, a temporary pilot hole is punched in an inner diameter portion which becomes a scrap of iron core material, and a temporary pilot pin of a mold is engaged with the temporary pilot hole. In the next second step, the slot is punched out, and then the temporary core hole is used to feed the core material, and in the third step, a pair of regular pilot holes are punched out, After that, a core punching method has been proposed in which a regular pilot pin is engaged with these regular pilot holes, the core material is fed forward, and the next step is performed while positioning (for example, Patent Documents). 1). Usually, in order to shorten the manufacturing time, the rotor core punching portion and the stator core punching portion are identically punched so that the rotor core and the core plate for the fixed core can be punched with the same punching die. An integral punching die formed on the mold is used.

However, in the conventional example described in Patent Document 1, punching of the core plate of the rotor core and the stator core is performed using an integral punching die. When manufacturing a rotating machine with different electrical specifications such as torque, rated current, etc., change only the specifications of either the rotor or the stator without changing the specifications of either the rotor or the stator. In this case, in the case of an integral punching die, for example, when changing the stator specifications while leaving the rotor specifications unchanged, not only the stator core punched parts but also the rotor core punched parts are used. Because it is necessary to newly manufacture the entire punching die, including the punching die, not only the manufacturing time of the punching die is excessive, but also the manufacturing and processing costs are excessively invested. There is a problem.
Therefore, the present invention has been made paying attention to the unsolved problems of the above-described conventional example, and when changing the specification of one of the rotor core and the stator core without changing the specification of the other, An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a rotating machine that can be manufactured easily and inexpensively.

In order to achieve the above object, a method of manufacturing a rotating machine according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a stator core formed by stacking stator core plates made by punching a high-permeability steel sheet, and winding around the stator core. A rotor core having a permanent magnet, which is formed by laminating a stator having an excitation coil mounted thereon, and a rotor core plate formed by punching a high-permeability steel plate facing the stator with a predetermined gap therebetween and a manufacturing method of a permanent magnet rotary machine comprising a rotor having a plurality of magnetic poles formed in the rotor core, a core plate for the rotor in the axial direction of the permanent magnet magnetic pole units A rotor mold for forming and embedding a slot to be embedded and a stator mold for punching the stator core plate are individually formed and aligned, and the rotor mold and the stator mold are formed. By transporting and punching the steel plate It is characterized by forming the core plate and core plate for the stator for the rotor of the same rotating machine.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a rotating machine comprising: a stator core formed by stacking stator core plates formed by punching a high-permeability steel sheet; and an excitation coil wound around the stator core. A rotor core having a permanent magnet, which is formed by stacking a stator core plate and a rotor core plate punched out of a high-permeability steel plate facing the stator with a predetermined gap therebetween, and the rotor core A method for manufacturing a permanent magnet type rotating machine comprising a rotor having a plurality of magnetic poles formed, wherein the rotor core plate is punched so that a plurality of the permanent magnets can be arranged on the surface of the rotor core plate A mold and a stator mold for punching the stator core plate are individually formed and aligned, and the same rotation is achieved by conveying and punching the steel plate into the rotor mold and the stator mold. core plate and for the rotor of the machine It is characterized by forming a core plate for serial stator.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the rotor mold for punching the rotor core plate constituting the rotor core and the stator mold for punching the stator core plate constituting the stator core are provided. Since it is formed separately and the rotor mold and stator mold are aligned and the steel sheet is punched out, only the core punching mold that changes the specifications of the rotor core and stator core is newly manufactured. It is possible to reduce the manufacturing time of the punching die and the die processing cost, and it is possible to suppress the excessive consumption of the manufacturing time of the rotating machine and the excessive investment in the processing cost.

In addition, according to the invention of claim 2, by changing the specifications of the stator core for one rotor core punching die, the stator core punching die corresponding to each specification is manufactured. Thus, it is possible to produce a plurality of rotating machines having different characteristics such as efficiency and torque for a single rotor core in a short time and at low cost.
According to the third aspect of the invention, the same effects as those of the first or second aspect of the invention can be obtained when manufacturing a permanent magnet type rotating machine.

According to the invention of claim 4, the rotor core is provided with a substantially rectangular slot that passes through the rotor core in the axial direction per magnetic pole, and the permanent magnet of the same polarity is inserted into the slot. It is possible to manufacture a rotor for an embedded magnet type rotary machine by punching the core plate for the rotor, and by changing only the stamping die of the stator, a plurality of embedded parts having different characteristics such as efficiency and torque can be manufactured. A built-in magnet type rotating machine can be manufactured in a short time and at a low cost.
According to the fifth aspect of the invention, the rotor of the surface magnet type rotary machine can be manufactured by punching the rotor core plate so that a plurality of permanent magnets can be arranged on the surface of the rotor core. By changing only the punching die of the child, a surface magnet type rotating machine with a plurality of specifications having different characteristics such as efficiency and torque can be manufactured in a short time and at low cost.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side view in which the upper half of a permanent magnet type rotary machine to which the present invention can be applied is a cross-sectional view, and FIG. In FIG. 1, a permanent magnet type rotating machine 1 is constituted by a permanent magnet type rotating machine having an interior permanent magnet (IPM) structure. This permanent magnet type rotating machine 1 has a cylindrical frame 2 in which fins are formed on the outer peripheral surface. A stator 3 is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the cylindrical frame 2, and a rotor 4 is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the stator 3 with a predetermined air gap G therebetween. The rotor 4 is mounted on a rotating shaft 6 that is rotatably supported by a pair of bearings 5 a and 5 b disposed on the frame 2.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the stator 3 has a stator core 8 formed by laminating a stator core plate 7 formed by punching a high-permeability steel plate. A yoke portion 8a is formed on the surface side, and twelve slots 8b are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface side to form twelve teeth 8c. An excitation coil 9 wound in the slot 8b is wound around each tooth 8c. Here, the winding method of the exciting coil 9 is roughly classified into concentrated winding and distributed winding. The present invention exhibits effects in both concentrated winding and distributed winding, and the winding method is not limited by FIG.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the rotor 4 includes a rotor core 13 having four magnetic poles 12 formed by laminating a rotor core plate 11 formed by punching a high-permeability steel plate. The rotor core 13 includes a plurality of, for example, four slots 14 formed penetrating in the axial direction, and permanent magnets 15 inserted in the slots 14 so that the magnetic poles 12 adjacent in the circumferential direction have different polarities. It has. Here, the permanent magnet 15 is composed of a rare earth magnet.

  Thus, according to the above embodiment, since the permanent magnet type rotating machine 1 has a configuration of an embedded permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine, the rotation of the central portion in the circumferential direction between the permanent magnets 15 in the magnetic poles 12 of the rotor 4 is performed. A line connecting the axis of the shaft 6 is the d-axis. A line connecting between the permanent magnets 15 of different magnetic poles between the adjacent magnetic poles 12 of the rotor 4 and the axis of the rotary shaft 6 is the q axis. For this reason, the permanent magnet 15 having the same magnetic resistance as the air gap G exists in the magnetic path of the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction, and the magnetic flux does not easily pass through, but the magnetic flux in the q-axis direction can pass through the rotor core 13. Therefore, the magnetic resistance in this direction is reduced, and the d-axis inductance Ld and the q-axis inductance Lq have saliency Ld <Lq. For this reason, the self-inductance and mutual inductance of the armature winding change at twice the rotation angle, and the armature linkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet also changes at the cosine of the rotation angle of the rotor 4.

  Therefore, the torque can be increased by adding the reluctance torque to the magnet torque. Here, the magnet torque is a torque generated by energy conversion due to a change in only the armature linkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. The reluctance torque is a torque generated by converting magnetic energy stored in the air gap G into mechanical energy in accordance with changes in the armature self and mutual inductance.

  In order to manufacture the permanent magnet type rotating machine 1 having the above configuration, as shown in FIG. 3, a high magnetic permeability having a width capable of punching out the stator core plate 7 constituting the stator core 8. By efficiently punching the rotor core plate 11 constituting the rotor core 13 and the stator core plate 7 constituting the stator core 8 from the strip-shaped steel plate 21 in this order, the generation of steel plate scraps is reduced and the efficiency is improved. A good planing can be performed.

  Here, the rotor punching die 22 for punching the rotor core plate 11 and the stator punching die 23 for punching the stator core plate 7 are formed separately from each other as shown in FIG. It is aligned along 21 through-plate paths. Each of the rotor punching die 22 and the stator punching die 23 is composed of an upper die and a lower die, and a high-permeability steel plate 21 is conveyed in order between the upper die and the lower die. Is done.

  Here, as the stator punching die 23, the core plate 7 of the stator core 8 having a thin yoke portion 8a applied to the standard permanent magnet type rotating machine 1 which places importance on miniaturization shown in FIG. A relatively small punching die 23A for a stator and a high-efficiency permanent magnet type rotary machine 1 that emphasizes high efficiency and high torque are relatively punched out of the core plate 7 of the stator core 8 having a thick yoke portion 8a. Two types of molds, a large stator punching mold 23B, are prepared.

  Then, in order to manufacture the standard permanent magnet type rotating machine 1 shown in FIG. 2A, as shown in FIG. 4, a rotor punching die 22 and a stator punching die 23A are made to have a high magnetic permeability. In this state, the steel plate 21 is sequentially conveyed stepwise so that the rotor core plate 11 and the stator core plate 7 are coaxial in that order. Punching out.

  The rotor core plate 11 punched out in this way is stacked in a predetermined number so that the slots 8b coincide with the axial direction, and fixed by a fixing tool such as a fixing pin inserted in the axial direction, thereby the rotor core. 13 is configured. Similarly, a predetermined number of the punched stator core plates 7 are stacked so that the slots 14 coincide with the axial direction, and are fixed by a fixing tool such as a fixing pin inserted in the axial direction, thereby fixing the stator core 8. Configure.

And the rotor 4 is comprised by making the rotating shaft 6 fit in the insertion hole 13a of the center part of the rotor core 13. As shown in FIG. The stator 3 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the frame 2, and the rotating shaft 6 is supported by the bearings 5 a and 5 b so that the rotor 4 faces the stator 3 through a predetermined gap G. Thus, the rotor 4 is rotatably supported on the frame 2.
In this way, the standard permanent magnet rotating machine 1 can be configured.

  By the way, instead of the standard type permanent magnet type rotating machine 1, the rotor 4 has the same shape, but in order to manufacture the high efficiency type permanent magnet type rotating machine 1 in which the outer diameter of the stator 3 is large, a manufacturing line is used. Instead of the stator punching die 23A of the standard permanent magnet type rotating machine 1 arranged, a stator punching die 23B for manufacturing the high efficiency type permanent magnet rotating machine 1 is arranged. As a result, the rotor 4 is punched out of the rotor core plate 11 having the same shape, and the stator 3 is punched out by the stator punching die 23B corresponding to the high-efficiency permanent magnet type rotating machine 1. The stator core plate 7 having a large outer diameter corresponding to the high-efficiency permanent magnet type rotating machine 1 larger than the stator core plate 7 for the rotating machine 1 can be manufactured.

Therefore, the rotor core plate 11 is laminated to form the rotor core 13, and the stator core plate 7 is laminated to form the stator core 8, and these are assembled in the same manner as described above. A highly efficient permanent magnet type rotating machine 1 can be manufactured.
Thus, according to the above-described embodiment, the stator core plate 7 and the rotor core plate 11 are made to have a high magnetic permeability by using the rotor punching die 22 and the stator punching die 23 different from each other. In order to change the specifications of the permanent magnet type rotating machine, when changing either one of the rotor punching die 22 and the stator punching die 23, the steel plate 21 is coaxially punched. Need only replace the punching dies that need to be changed. For this reason, as compared with the case of using an integrated punching die in which the rotor punching die and the stator punching die are integrated as in the conventional example described above, the manufacturing time of the die is shortened. And the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  Moreover, as in the embodiment described above, for example, by preparing two types of stator punching dies 23A and 23B for the standard shape and the high-efficiency type for the stator punching die 23, 1 In one production line, it is possible to manufacture core plates with the same specifications for the rotor 4 and different specifications for the stator 3, which can be manufactured individually with a high-efficiency permanent magnet rotating machine and a standard permanent magnet rotating machine. There is no need to provide a core plate production line, and it is possible to produce a core plate corresponding to a permanent magnet rotating machine with different specifications by simply exchanging the punching die for the stator.

  In the above embodiment, the case where two types of stator punching dies 23A and 23B having different thicknesses of the yoke portion 8a of the stator 3 are used has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. As shown in FIG. 2 (c), the present invention is also applied to the case of manufacturing a permanent magnet type rotating machine in which only the shape of the slot 8b of the stator 3 is different from the standard type permanent magnet type rotating machine shown in FIG. 2 (a). Can be applied.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where a permanent magnet type rotating machine having an embedded magnet structure is applied as the permanent magnet type rotating machine 1 is not limited to this, and FIG. As shown in (c), a surface magnet (SPM: Surface Permanent Magnet) structure having a configuration in which a plurality of, for example, four permanent magnets 31 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 13 of the rotor 4. The present invention can also be applied to manufacturing a permanent magnet type rotating machine. Also in FIG. 5, the shape of the rotor 4 is the same, and the shape of the stator 3 is different. FIG. 5 (a) is a standard permanent magnet rotating machine, and FIG. 5 (b) is a high-efficiency permanent magnet rotating machine. FIG. 5 (c) shows a standard permanent magnet type rotating machine in which the slot shape of the stator is changed. Also in the permanent magnet type rotating machine having this surface magnet structure, as in the above-described embodiment, one type of rotor punching die 22 is prepared for the rotor 4, and the stator 3 is shown in FIGS. By preparing three types of stator punching molds corresponding to (c), it is possible to manufacture the stator core plate 7 for three types of permanent magnet rotating machines having different specifications in one production line. .

In the above-described embodiment, the case where the stator core plate 7 and the rotor core plate 11 are punched once by the stator punching die 23 and the rotor punching die 22 has been described. However, the stator 3 can be configured by two types of molds, that is, a mold for punching out the slot 8b and a mold for punching out the core plate for the stator formed with the slot 8b. Similarly, for the rotor 4, there are three types of molds: a mold for punching an insertion hole for inserting the rotary shaft 6, a mold for punching the slot 14, and a mold for punching the rotor core plate in which the insertion hole and the slot are formed. Or it can also be comprised with several metal mold | die which combined these.

Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the shape of the rotor 4 was made the same and the case where the shape of the stator 3 was changed was demonstrated, it is not limited to this, The shape of the stator 3 is made the same and a rotor is changed. The present invention can also be applied to the case where the slot shape of 4 is changed.
Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, a case has been described in which the number of the magnetic poles 11 of the rotor 4 is four and the number of teeth 8c of the stator 3 is twelve. However, it is not limited to the said structure, The number of magnetic poles of the rotor 4 and the number of teeth of the stator 3 can be set arbitrarily.
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to a permanent magnet type rotating machine has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the stator 3 and the rotor 4 are made of laminated steel plates. The present invention can be applied to a rotating machine having a configuration.

It is the side view which made the cross section the upper half part which shows one Embodiment at the time of applying this invention to the permanent magnet type rotation of an embedded magnet structure. It is sectional drawing on the AA line of FIG. It is a top view which shows the punching state of a steel plate. It is a side view which shows the punching line of a steel plate. It is sectional drawing which shows the permanent-magnet-type rotary machine of a surface magnet structure.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Permanent magnet type rotating machine 2 ... Cylindrical frame 3 ... Stator G ... Air gap 4 ... Rotor 6 ... Rotating shaft 7 ... Core plate for stator 8 ... Stator core 8a ... Yoke part 8b ... Slot 8c ... Teeth DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 ... Excitation coil 11 ... Rotor core plate 12 ... Magnetic pole 13 ... Rotor core 14 ... Slot 15 ... Permanent magnet 21 ... Steel plate 22 ... Rotor punch 23, 23A, 23B ... Stator punch

Claims (2)

A stator having a stator core formed by stacking stator core plates made by punching a high-permeability steel plate, an excitation coil wound around the stator core, and a predetermined gap between the stator and the stator A rotor core having a permanent magnet, and a rotor having a plurality of magnetic poles formed on the rotor core. A method for manufacturing a permanent magnet rotating machine,
A rotor mold for punching the rotor core plate in the axial direction by forming slots for embedding the permanent magnets in units of magnetic poles and a stator mold for punching the stator core plate are individually formed. The rotor core plate and the stator core plate of the same rotating machine are formed by conveying and punching the steel plate into the rotor mold and the stator mold. A method for manufacturing a rotating machine. A stator having a stator core formed by stacking stator core plates made by punching a high-permeability steel plate, an excitation coil wound around the stator core, and a predetermined gap between the stator and the stator A rotor core having a permanent magnet, and a rotor having a plurality of magnetic poles formed on the rotor core. A method for manufacturing a permanent magnet rotating machine,
A rotor mold for punching the rotor core plate so that a plurality of the permanent magnets can be arranged on the surface and a stator mold for punching the stator core plate are individually formed and aligned, and the rotation is performed. Manufacture of a rotating machine characterized in that the rotor core plate and the stator core plate of the same rotating machine are formed by transporting and punching the steel plate to a stator mold and the stator mold. Method.

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