JP5312784B2 - Caliper brake device for vehicle - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an improvement in a caliper brake device for a vehicle that applies a frictional force across a disk that rotates with wheels.

  In general, a hydraulic brake of a railway vehicle is equipped with an air-oil converter that converts an air pressure supplied from an air pressure source into an oil pressure, and the hydraulic brake is operated by the oil pressure supplied from the air-oil converter via a hydraulic pipe. It has become.

  In recent years, it has been desired to mount a pneumatic brake that is operated by a pneumatic pressure supplied from a pneumatic pressure source on a railway vehicle and to eliminate the air-oil converter and the hydraulic piping.

  Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a railway vehicle brake device that presses and operates a brake member by hydraulic pressure supplied to a hydraulic cylinder.

Patent Document 3 discloses a railway vehicle brake device that presses and operates a brake member by air pressure supplied to an actuator using an air chamber.
JP-A-8-226469 JP-A-8-226471 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-193835

  However, in such a conventional brake device for a railway vehicle, the hydraulic cylinder or actuator does not press the entire control, but presses a part of the control, so that the caliper body is caused by this pressing reaction force. When the disk is deformed or the disk rotation surface is deformed, the local temperature rise of the control wheel will cause the friction coefficient of the control wheel to decrease, and the brake force inherent to the control wheel will not be achieved. There is a problem that uneven wear occurs.

  Further, in the case of the lever type pneumatic brake shown in FIG. 6 of Patent Document 3, it is difficult to push the restrictor in parallel with the disk due to the influence of frictional force acting on the lever bearing portion, and uneven wear of the restrictor is difficult. There was a problem that occurred.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a caliper brake device for a vehicle that can exhibit the braking force inherent to the control device.

The present invention relates to a caliper brake device for a vehicle, a disk that rotates together with wheels, left and right brake members that apply frictional force across the disk, a caliper body that is supported by a vehicle body, and an actuator that presses the brake wheel against the disk. The actuator includes an elastic membrane attached to the caliper body, an elastic membrane chamber defined by the elastic membrane and supplied with fluid pressure during braking, and a pressure interposed between the elastic membrane and the control device. A cylinder that slidably supports the press piston on the caliper body, and the elastic membrane swells due to the fluid pressure guided to the elastic membrane chamber during braking, and the press piston presses the brake against the disc. The press piston is attached with a heat insulating plate that comes into contact with the control, and the press piston has a hollow cylinder having an opening facing the control Is formed on the heat insulating plate, together defining a heat insulating space between the pressure piston and the heat insulating plate by seated on the stepped portion of the pressure piston to cover the opening, covers with a gap the tip end surface of the pressing piston have a flat flange portion, and wherein the abutting a plane in the brake shoe.

  According to the present invention, the actuator ensures a sufficient pressure-receiving area of the elastic film in a limited space of the caliper body, and the surface pressure against the disc of the control device is made uniform, so that the friction coefficient of the control device is kept high. In addition to exerting the braking force inherent to the control device, it is possible to prevent uneven wear of the control device and the disk from occurring by suppressing the local temperature rise of the control device and the disk.

  1 and 2 show an example of a caliper brake device to which the present invention is applicable.

  FIG. 1 is a plan view of the caliper brake device 1. Here, three axes of X, Y, and Z orthogonal to each other are set, the X axis extends in the horizontal horizontal direction, the Y axis extends in the vertical direction, and the Z axis extends in the horizontal front-rear direction, and the configuration of the caliper brake device 1 is described. To do.

  The caliper brake device 1 holds a disk 6 of a wheel 5 between a pair of restrictors 7 and brakes the rotation of the wheel 5.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 20 denotes a support frame fixed on a carriage (not shown) of the railway vehicle. As shown in FIG. 3, in the caliper brake device 1, the caliper body 10 is floatingly supported on the support frame 20 by the upper and lower slide pins 30 and 32 so as to be slidable in the X-axis direction.

  FIG. 2 is a sectional view around the upper slide pin 30. As shown in FIG. 2, both end portions of the upper slide pin 30 are supported by the bracket portions 15 and 16 of the caliper body 10, and a rubber bush 33 is interposed between the upper slide pin 30 and the support frame 20. The caliper body 10 is floatingly supported with respect to the support frame 20 so as to be slidable in the X-axis direction, and the caliper body 10 is supported with respect to the support frame 20 so as to be swingable about the Z axis. As a result, the caliper body 10 follows the swinging of the wheels 5 with respect to the carriage, and the respective restrictors 7 face each other in parallel with the disks 6 of the wheels 5.

  A rubber boot 34 is interposed between the bracket portions 15 and 16 and the support frame 20, and the exposed portions of the upper and lower slide pins 30 and 32 are protected from dust by the boot 34.

  The caliper body 10 includes first and second caliper arms 12 and 14 that extend so as to straddle the disk 6 of the wheel 5, and a yoke portion 13 that connects the first and second caliper arms 12 and 14.

  Adjusters 41 are fastened to the upper and lower ends of the first caliper arm 12 via anchor bolts 42, and both end portions of the control ring 7 are supported via anchor pins 43 protruding from the adjuster 41.

  3 is a side view of the caliper brake device 1 showing the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.

  The restrictor 7 includes a lining 9 that is in sliding contact with the disk 6 and a lining back plate 97 to which a back portion of the lining 9 is attached.

  Each anchor pin 43 is formed with an annular groove 86, and engaging portions 85 that engage with the annular groove 86 are formed at the upper and lower ends of the lining back plate 97. The upper and lower ends of the lining back plate 97 are engaged with the anchor pins 43 protruding from the adjusters 41, whereby the braking reaction force of the brake 7 is supported.

  The brake 7 is supported so as to be able to advance and retreat with respect to the disk 6 by the engagement portions 85 engaging with the annular grooves 86 of the anchor pins 43.

  The adjuster 41 is provided with a return spring 44 that urges the restrictor 7 away from the disk 6 via the anchor pin 43, and a gap adjusting mechanism 45 that adjusts the gap between the restrictor 7 and the disk 6 to be substantially constant when the brake is released. When the brake is released, the brake 7 is separated from the disk 6 by the urging force of the return spring 44, and the gap with the disk 6 is adjusted to be substantially constant by the gap adjusting mechanism 45.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the restrictor 7 may be connected to each anchor pin 43 via a guide plate 8. In this case, the rigidity for supporting the restrictor 7 on the anchor pin 43 via the guide plate 8 can be increased, and the work for attaching and detaching the restrictor 7 can be easily performed via the guide plate 8.

  In the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the restrictor 7 can simplify the structure by eliminating the guide plate 8 and can reduce the size of the caliper body 10 in the X-axis direction. Furthermore, since the rigidity of the restrictor 7 is lowered, the lining 9 can be operated following the surface shape and deformation of the disk 6.

  The first caliper arm 12 is provided with an actuator 60 that presses the brake member 7 against the disk 6.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the actuator 60 includes a cylinder 80 formed on the caliper portion 12f of the first caliper arm 12, an elastic film 75 attached to the cylinder 80, a cover 92 fastened to the cylinder 80, a cylinder 80, an elastic film chamber 63 defined between the elastic film 75 and the cover 92, and the elastic film 75 presses the brake 7 in the X-axis direction by the air pressure guided to the elastic film chamber 63. The control wheel 7 is pressed against the disk 6.

  The actuator 60 is disposed between the adjusters 41. The upper and lower ends of the first caliper arm 12 are formed with adjuster mounting recesses 12a and 12b in which the adjuster 41 is interposed, and the cylinder 80 is formed between the adjuster mounting recesses 12a and 12b.

  The cylinder 80 includes a cylindrical cylinder side wall 82 extending in the X-axis direction along the elastic film chamber 63, and an annular mounting seat 81 to which the peripheral edge 76 of the elastic film 75 is mounted. The mounting seat 81 is formed in a planar shape extending in the Y-axis and Z-axis directions.

  The plate-shaped cover 92 has a substantially oval outer shape, like the mounting seat 81, and is formed symmetrically with respect to the center line Oz of the control wheel 7 as with the mounting seat 81.

  A plurality of screw holes are formed in the mounting seat 81 with a predetermined interval, and a cover 92 is fastened via a bolt 84 that is screwed into each screw hole. A peripheral edge 76 of the elastic film 75 is sandwiched between the mounting seat 81 and the cover 92.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the cylinder side wall 82 of the caliper body 10 connects the front and rear curved wall portions 82 c and 82 d that are curved and extend along the lining 9 of the brake 7, and the front and rear curved wall portions 82 c and 82 d. And upper and lower arc-shaped wall portions 82a and 82b extending in an arc shape. As a result, the elastic film chamber 63 defined by the elastic film 75 on the inner side of the cylinder side wall 82 faces the lining 9 of the restrictor 7 in a wide range.

  The front and rear curved wall portions 82c and 82d are concavely curved with respect to the elastic membrane chamber 63, and both are formed symmetrically with respect to the center line Ox of the control device 7.

  The upper and lower arc-shaped wall portions 82 a and 82 b are concavely curved with respect to the elastic film chamber 63, and both are formed symmetrically with respect to the center line Oz of the control ring 7.

  The elastic film 75 is formed of a resin elastic material, and a peripheral portion 76 sandwiched between the mounting seat 81 and the cover 92, a bellows portion 77 that expands and contracts along the cylinder side wall 82, and a pressing force that faces the restrictor 7. Part 79. The bellows portion 77 is extended by the air pressure guided to the elastic membrane chamber 63, and the pressing portion 79 presses the brake ring 7.

  The elastic film 75 may be formed of a bellows using a resin elastic material combined with a reinforcing material such as carbon fiber or Kevlar fiber. The elastic film may be formed by using a bellows made of a thin metal plate, a rubber tube, or a diaphragm.

  A pressing piston 65 is interposed between the pressing portion 79 of the elastic film 75 and the brake 7. The pressing piston 65 is slidably supported by the cylinder 80, and the pressing piston 65 controls the movement of the elastic film 75. It is set as the structure transmitted to.

  The hollow cylindrical pressing piston 65 includes a piston fitting portion 66 slidably fitted to the cylinder side wall 82 of the cylinder 80, and a cylindrical piston side portion extending with a gap to the cylinder side wall 82 of the cylinder 80. 67 and a plate-like piston end plate portion 68 extending from the base end portion of the piston side portion 67.

  The piston fitting portion 66 and the piston side portion 67 are formed in a cylindrical shape extending in the X-axis direction with a step. The bellows portion 77 of the elastic film 75 is accommodated in a gap provided between the cylinder side wall 82 and the piston side portion 67 and extends and contracts along the cylinder side wall 82.

  The piston end plate portion 68 is formed in a plate shape extending in the Y-axis and Z-axis directions. The pressing portion 79 of the elastic film 75 contacts the piston end plate portion 68, and the pressing portion 79 presses the piston end plate portion 68 by the air pressure guided to the elastic film chamber 63.

  Not limited to this, the pressing portion 79 of the elastic film 75 may be fixed to the piston end plate portion 68 by bonding or fastening.

  A heat insulating plate 70 is provided at the distal end portion of the pressing piston 65, and the heat insulating plate 70 abuts against the brake 7. The heat insulating plate 70 is formed of a heat insulating material, and suppresses transmission of heat from the brake 7 to the pressing piston 65 and the elastic film 75.

  The heat insulating plate 70 is seated and attached to the step portion 69 of the pressing piston 65. The heat insulating plate 70 has a flange portion 71 that covers the tip end surface of the piston fitting portion 66 with a gap. The heat insulating plate 70 is opposed to the lining 9 of the brake 7 in a wide range.

  A heat insulating space 72 is provided between the pressing piston 65 and the heat insulating plate 70. The heat insulation space 72 suppresses the heat of the brake 7 from being transmitted to the pressing piston 65 and the elastic film 75.

Hole 89 is formed in the caliper body 10, the through hole 89 communicates with the air pressure source the railway vehicle via a pipe (not shown). Pressurized air from this air pressure source is supplied to the elastic membrane chamber 63 via a switching valve (not shown). In response to a command from a controller (not shown), the switching valve guides pressurized air from the air pressure source to the elastic membrane chamber 63 during braking, and guides atmospheric pressure to the elastic membrane chamber 63 during non-braking.

  As described above, the caliper brake device 1 is configured, and the atmospheric pressure is guided to the elastic film chamber 63 when the brake is released, and the restrictor 7 is separated from the disk 6 by the urging force of the return spring 44 provided in the adjuster 41. At this time, the elastic film 75 contracts following the brake 7.

  The elastic film 75 swells due to the air pressure guided to the elastic film chamber 63 during braking, the elastic film 75 presses the brake 7 against the disk 6 via the pressing piston 65, and the brake 7 applies a frictional force to the disk 6. Brakes the wheel rotation.

  FIG. 5A shows a conventional hydraulic piston caliper brake device in which a pair of pistons presses the brake 7 against the disc by the hydraulic pressure guided to the hydraulic chamber 48.

In this conventional hydraulic piston caliper brake device, the dimensions of the cylinder 47 and the maximum hydraulic pressure guided to the hydraulic chamber 48 are set as follows, and a required pressing force of about 20 kN is obtained. In FIG. 5A, the part where the hydraulic chamber 48 is formed is indicated by hatching.
Diameter of cylinder 47: φ38 mm × 2 cross sections of cylinder 47 (piston pressure receiving area): 2268 mm 2
Oil pressure: 9MPa
Pressing force = 2268 × 9 = about 20 kN
FIG. 5B shows the pneumatic elastic membrane type caliper brake device 1 of the present invention, in which the cross-sectional area of the cylinder 80 and the maximum air pressure guided to the elastic membrane chamber 63 are set as follows. A pressing force equivalent to or higher than that of a piston-type caliper brake device can be obtained.
Cross section of cylinder 80 (pressure receiving area of elastic membrane 75): 30000 mm 2
Air pressure: 0.75 MPa ( 750 kPa)
Pressing force = 30000 × 0.75 = 22.5 kN
As described above, the actuator 60 can sufficiently secure the pressure receiving area of the elastic film 75 and can apply the required pressing force to the brake 7.

  The actuator 60 is operated by the air pressure supplied to the elastic film chamber 63 from the air pressure source mounted on the railway vehicle, so that the elastic film 75 presses the control wheel 7 via the pressing piston 65. A converter (hydraulic power source) and hydraulic piping are not required, and the weight of the railway vehicle can be reduced.

  The elastic membrane type caliper brake device is not limited to this, and a hydraulic actuator may be provided to guide the hydraulic pressure to the elastic membrane chamber. In this case, the pressure receiving area of the actuator is expanded compared to the conventional hydraulic piston type caliper brake device, so that it is possible to secure the pressing force required for the actuator at a low hydraulic pressure, and no pressure increase by the air-oil converter is required. The oil converter can be downsized.

  In the present embodiment, a disk 6 that rotates together with a wheel 5, left and right brake members 7 that apply frictional force across the disk 6, a caliper body 10 that is supported by a bogie (vehicle body), and a brake wheel 7 are provided. An actuator 60 that presses against the disk 6. The actuator 60 includes an elastic film 75 attached to the caliper body 10, and an elastic film chamber 63 defined by the elastic film 75 and supplied with air pressure (fluid pressure) during braking. And a pressing piston 65 interposed between the elastic membrane 75 and the brake 7, and a cylinder 80 that slidably supports the pressing piston 65 is formed on the caliper body 10, and is guided to the elastic membrane chamber 63 during braking. The elastic film 75 is swelled by the applied air pressure (fluid pressure), and the pressing piston 65 presses the brake 7 against the disk 6.

  Based on the above configuration, the actuator 60 ensures a sufficient pressure receiving area of the elastic film 75 in a limited space of the caliper main body 10, and the surface pressure of the control 7 against the disk 6 is made uniform. The friction coefficient is kept high, the braking force inherent to the control 7 is exhibited, and the local temperature rise of the control 7 and the disk 6 is suppressed, thereby causing uneven wear of the control 7 and the disk 6. Can be prevented.

  As another embodiment, the pressing piston interposed between the elastic film 75 and the control wheel 7 may be divided into a plurality of parts. In this case, since the elastic film 75 swells and the plurality of pressing pistons press the brake 7 against the disk 6, the caliper body 10 is bent by the pressing reaction force or the rotating surface of the disk 6 is deformed. Then, each pressing piston follows and presses the brake 7 in parallel with the rotating surface of the disk 6. As a result, it is possible to prevent uneven wear of the restrictor 7 and the disk 6.

  In the present embodiment, the caliper body 10 is provided with a pair of anchor pins 43 that support the restrictor 7, and the elastic membrane chamber 63 is disposed between the anchor pins 43, so that the elastic membrane 75 expands and the restrictor 7 is inserted into the disk 6. Are smoothly moved through the respective anchor pins 43, and a sufficient pressure receiving area of the elastic film 75 is secured in a space between the respective anchor pins 43, so that a required pressing force is applied to a wide range of the restrictor 7. It becomes possible to do.

  In the present embodiment, a pair of adjusters 41 arranged so as to sandwich the actuator 60 is provided, and the adjusters 41 are provided with return springs 44 that urge the control member 7 away from the disk 6 via the anchor pins 43, and Since the clearance adjustment mechanism 45 that adjusts the clearance between the brake 7 and the disk 6 to be substantially constant when the brake is released is provided, the elastic film 75 expands and the movement of pressing the brake 7 against the disk 6 smoothly through the adjusters 41. In addition, the pressure receiving area of the elastic film 75 can be sufficiently secured in the space between the adjusters 41, and the required pressing force can be applied to a wide range of the restrictor 7.

  In the present embodiment, the cylinder side wall 82 includes one curved wall portion 82c that curves and extends along the lining 9, the other curved wall portion 82d that curves and symmetrically with the curved wall portion 82c, Since the upper and lower arcuate wall portions 82a and 82b extending in an arc shape connecting the curved wall portions 82c and 82d are secured, a sufficient pressure receiving area of the elastic film 75 is ensured in a limited space of the caliper body 10, and The elastic film 75 can secure the durability of the elastic film 75 without causing a portion to be bent along the cylinder side wall 82.

  In the present embodiment, the elastic film 75 has a bellows portion 77 that expands and contracts between the cylinder 80 and the pressing piston 63, and the caliper body 10 has a cylinder side wall 82 that surrounds the bellows portion 77 and extends in a cylindrical shape. The cylinder side wall 82 restricts the bellows 77 of the elastic film 75 from expanding in the direction parallel to the disk 6 (the direction including the Y axis and the Z axis) by the air pressure guided to the elastic film chamber 63 during braking. The air flow rate required to press the brake 7 is reduced, and the responsiveness that the elastic film 75 presses the brake 7 and brakes the wheel 5 can be enhanced.

  In the present embodiment, the caliper body 10 has an annular mounting seat 81 to which the peripheral edge portion 76 of the elastic film 75 is attached, and a cover 92 that sandwiches the peripheral edge portion 76 of the elastic film 75 between the mounting seat 81. Since the elastic film chamber 63 is defined between the cover 92 and the elastic film 75, the actuator 60 can be accommodated in the caliper body 10 in a compact manner, and the caliper body 10 can be prevented from being enlarged.

  In the present embodiment, the heat insulating plate 70 is attached to the pressing piston 65, and the heat insulating plate 70 contacts the restrictor 7, so that the heat of the restrictor 7 is prevented from being transmitted to the elastic film 75, and the resin elastic The heat resistance of the elastic film 75 made of a material can be ensured. Further, by providing the heat insulating plate 70, the pressing piston 65 can be formed of metal, for example.

  In addition, you may use the plate which sprayed the heat insulating material as the heat insulation plate 70 as needed.

Further, a heat insulating plate may be interposed between the piston end plate portion 68 of the pressing piston 65 and the pressing portion 79 of the elastic film 75. Also in this case, it is possible to suppress the heat of the brake 7 from being transmitted to the elastic film 75 and to secure the heat resistance of the elastic film 75 made of a resin elastic material.

  In the present embodiment, since the heat insulating plate 70 is attached to the pressing piston 65 and the heat insulating space 72 is provided between the pressing piston 65 and the heat insulating plate 70, the heat of the brake 7 is pressed by the heat insulating space 72. The heat resistance of the elastic film 75 made of a resin elastic material can be improved.

  In the present embodiment, since the caliper body 10 is slidably supported via the upper and lower slide pins 30 and 32, the first caliper arm 12 and the second caliper arm extending across the disk 6 are supported. Among them, the actuator 60 can be provided only in the first caliper arm 12, and the caliper brake device 1 can be prevented from being enlarged.

  The actuator 60 may be provided on both the first caliper arm 12 and the second caliper arm. In this case, the caliper body 10 does not need to be floating supported so as to be slidable in the X-axis direction, and the caliper body 10 is fixed to the carriage (vehicle body).

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is obvious that various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea.

The top view of the caliper brake device with which this invention is applied. Sectional drawing around the same upper slide pin. The side view of the caliper brake device which shows embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing which follows the AA line of FIG. Similarly, a side view of a control wheel or the like.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Caliper brake device 5 Wheel 6 Disc 7 Strainer 9 Lining 10 Caliper main body 12 First caliper arm 43 Anchor pin 60 Actuator 63 Elastic film chamber 65 Pressing piston 70 Thermal insulation plate 72 Thermal insulation space 75 Elastic film 77 Bellows part 80 Cylinder 81 Mounting seat 82 Cylinder side wall 92 cover

Claims (4)

A disc that rotates with the wheels,
The left and right brake members that apply friction force across this disc,
A caliper body supported by the vehicle body;
An actuator that presses the restrictor against the disk;
This actuator is
An elastic membrane attached to the caliper body;
An elastic membrane chamber defined by this elastic membrane and supplied with fluid pressure during braking;
A pressing piston interposed between the elastic membrane and the restrictor,
Forming a cylinder that slidably supports the pressing piston in the caliper body;
The elastic membrane expands due to the fluid pressure guided to the elastic membrane chamber during braking, and the pressing piston presses the brake against the disc.
A heat insulating plate that comes into contact with the control wheel is attached to the pressing piston,
The pressing piston is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape having an opening facing the control wheel,
The heat insulating plate is seated on the stepped portion of the pressing piston to cover the opening, thereby defining the heat insulating space between the pressing piston and the heat insulating plate,
Wherein the front end surface of the pressing piston have a flat flange portion that covers with a gap, the system vehicle caliper brake device, characterized in that contact with the plane in Waco. The caliper body includes a pair of anchor pins that support the control device,
2. The caliper brake device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the elastic membrane chamber is disposed between the anchor pins. The elastic membrane has a bellows portion that expands and contracts between the cylinder and the pressing piston,
3. The caliper brake device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the caliper main body has a cylinder side wall that surrounds the bellows portion and extends in a cylindrical shape. 4. The caliper body has an annular mounting seat to which the peripheral edge of the elastic membrane is attached,
A cover for sandwiching the peripheral edge of the elastic membrane between the mounting seat and
The vehicle caliper brake device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an elastic film chamber is defined between the cover and the elastic film.

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