JP5311305B2 - Reaction analysis device, recording medium, measurement system and control system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a reaction analysis apparatus and measurement system for measuring and analyzing the state of a reaction such as a combustion reaction and a plasma reaction (hereinafter simply referred to as “reaction”), and more particularly, to a soot, luminous flame, fuel premixing failure and Detect and notify the occurrence of non-premixed flames such as diffusion flames, and breakdowns due to high energy reaction areas, and obtain information from the reaction area by optical measurement methods. The present invention relates to a reaction analysis apparatus, a measurement system, and a control system that analyze reaction characteristics based on the information. The present invention also relates to a recording medium on which a program for configuring the reaction analysis apparatus is recorded.

  When an abnormal reaction occurs in the region where the reaction is occurring (hereinafter simply referred to as “reaction region”) and unreacted particles are mixed or the reaction becomes incomplete, the reaction is used to operate. It has a great influence on the operation of the engine. For example, when premixing of hydrocarbon-based fuel and air has not been performed, incomplete combustion occurs in a region where the fuel is rich, soot is formed, and a bright flame is generated. Further, when unexpected combustion occurs in the combustion chamber in the internal combustion engine, so-called knocking occurs. Detecting the occurrence of such an abnormal reaction and knowing what characteristics the reaction has through measurement and analysis is the reason for improving the efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of engines that operate using the reaction. It is indispensable for the transformation.

  Conventionally, methods for detecting reaction anomalies and knowing the characteristics of reactions include empirical methods based on human perception, pressure measurement and pressure analysis in reaction regions, and measurement and analysis of reaction chamber sounds or vibrations. And the method of measuring the exhaust gas from the reaction region and analyzing its components. However, since these methods are sensory or indirect methods, the reproducibility of detection is lacking, and detailed information on the reaction cannot be obtained.

Therefore, various technologies that detect the occurrence of reaction abnormality by directly optically measuring the reaction region, and obtain information about the state of the reaction by analyzing the light in the region where the reaction is taking place Has been proposed. For example, in Patent Document 1, an optical sensor is installed in a combustion chamber corresponding to each self-emission of a flame, an air-fuel ratio is calculated from a ratio of emission intensity detected by the optical sensor, and combustion diagnosis is performed based on the air-fuel ratio. A method of performing is disclosed. In addition, as in the combustion diagnosis method described in Non-Patent Document 2, an optical fiber is inserted into the combustion chamber, the light in the combustion chamber is detected through the optical fiber, and a combustion abnormality such as knocking is detected by the intensity of the light. Some will do.
The inventors of the present invention have proposed an optical measurement device described in Patent Document 2. This optical measuring device measures light generated by a local physical / chemical reaction in a combustion chamber using a plug having an optical element that forms a reflection optical system, and the physical / chemical reaction region, local Detection and analysis of physical and chemical reaction characteristics.

JP 2005-226893 A JP 2006-292524 A AVL Vision Catalog (Aviel Japan Inc.)

  The technique described in Patent Document 1 calculates the air-fuel ratio from the ratio of emission intensity, and performs combustion diagnosis based on the air-fuel ratio, but when soot is formed in the reaction region due to incomplete combustion, etc. In the first place, it is impossible to accurately measure the intensity of self-luminescence. For this reason, it is impossible to calculate the air-fuel ratio. Therefore, the technique described in Patent Document 1 cannot detect such an abnormal reaction.

  In the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1, a combustion abnormality is detected based on the intensity of light in the combustion chamber. However, due to the influence of heat, pressure, chemical substances in the atmosphere, etc. When the light collecting performance of the optical fiber deteriorates due to the adhesion of the light, the intensity of light cannot be measured accurately. In addition, it is impossible to properly detect a combustion abnormality from an inaccurate measurement value. Therefore, with the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1, not only the air-fuel ratio cannot be calculated appropriately, but also the reproducibility of detecting an abnormal reaction cannot be ensured. Such a problem of reproducibility of detection caused by the situation of light reception can occur in the techniques described in the above documents.

  Further, in the techniques described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1, since light from all directions toward the optical sensor or the optical fiber is detected, the spatial resolution is poor and abnormal reaction occurs. Even if it is detected, it is extremely difficult to identify at which position in the reaction region it occurs or what spatial distribution of the abnormal reaction is.

  Moreover, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, the reaction region in which combustion is continuously performed, such as a combustor of a gas turbine engine, is targeted, and the combustion diagnostic device is an optical fiber connected to the combustor. As a result of the calculation, a single value of the ratio of the self-luminous intensity is obtained from the light guided by. However, in such a system, it is difficult to accurately and precisely analyze the reaction performed in the reaction region.

  For example, when the reaction region is a spark ignition type positive displacement internal combustion engine such as a general automobile engine or a laser ignition type internal combustion engine, it is induced by electric discharge or laser light. Plasma greatly affects the subsequent ignition and flame propagation. In addition, in order to obtain information on the state in the cylinder, a plasma is induced using a discharge plasma or a laser separately from ignition, and the light is spectrally analyzed (for example, SIBS: Spark Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, or LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) is also performed. However, the spectral spectrum of the light emitted from this plasma is very different from that of the light from the flame. In the technique described in Patent Document 1, it is impossible to discriminate whether the light received by the optical sensor is derived from a discharge or a laser or a flame.

  In addition, for example, when the reaction region is a spark ignition type positive displacement internal combustion engine such as a general automobile engine, a flame zone is formed after ignition, and the flame zone develops in the cylinder to cause the flame. Propagation is achieved. In such a case, the light generation position changes with time. The technique described in Patent Document 1 cannot identify a position where combustion abnormality or the like occurs.

  Further, a general automobile engine includes a plurality of cylinders. The flame generated in each of these cylinders determines the performance of the internal combustion engine. In order to obtain information on each cylinder by the technique described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to provide at least the same number of functional units for spectroscopic, photoelectric conversion, amplification, and arithmetic processing as the number of cylinders. turn into.

  The present invention is proposed in view of the above-described circumstances, and constitutes a reaction analysis device, a measurement system, and a reaction analysis device that can accurately detect with high reproducibility whether a reaction region is in an abnormal reaction state. The present invention intends to provide a recording medium on which a program for recording is recorded.

  In addition, the present invention executes a suitable analysis process according to the state of the reaction region and records a program for configuring a reaction analysis device, a measurement system, and a reaction analysis device that can efficiently analyze the characteristics of the fuel region. It is intended to provide a medium.

  In addition, the present invention intends to provide a reaction analysis apparatus, a measurement system, and a recording medium on which a program for configuring the reaction analysis apparatus is recorded that can detect whether the reaction region is in an abnormal state with high spatial resolution. To do.

The reaction analysis apparatus according to the present invention includes an acquisition unit that acquires the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component from the measurement result of the light emitted from the reaction region by the spectrometer. A relative intensity calculating means for calculating a relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component from the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component acquired by Determining means for determining whether or not the calculated relative intensity is a value within a predetermined range; and in response to the determination means determining that the relative intensity is a value within the predetermined range, state have a notification means for notifying that it is in a predetermined state, the notification means is responsive to the relative intensities the judgment means judges that the value within the predetermined range, the reaction zone is a laser Initial state of the induced breakdown reaction And notifying that it is in.

  According to the above configuration, when the relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component is a value within a predetermined range among the measurement results of the light emitted from the reaction region by the predetermined spectrometer. Notify that the reaction area is in a predetermined state. This relative intensity is an error generated depending on the state of the optical system when the light emitted from the reaction region is received and spectroscopically measured as compared with the intensity value of the first wavelength component or the second wavelength component. Fluctuation due to the influence of Therefore, it is possible to appropriately detect and notify with high reproducibility that the reaction region is in a predetermined state, without being greatly affected by the measurement state, based on the measurement result of the spectroscopic measurement apparatus regarding the reaction region.

  According to the above configuration, based on the measurement result of the spectroscopic measurement device regarding the predetermined laser-induced breakdown reaction region, it is appropriately detected and notified with high reproducibility that the reaction region is in the initial state of the laser-induced breakdown reaction. be able to.

Measurements reaction analyzing apparatus according to the present invention, according to the result of determination by the determining means, from the first wavelength range and the second wavelength range, and selecting means for selecting a wavelength range, the determination by the determination means is executed Among the results, there is a peak analysis unit that generates predetermined information on the feature of the reaction region based on the feature amount of the peak that appears in the wavelength range selected by the selection unit .

  According to the above configuration, the peak analysis unit generates predetermined information on the feature of the reaction region based on the feature amount of the peak within the wavelength range selected according to the determination result by the determination unit. That is, the peak analysis means generates predetermined information related to the characteristics of the reaction region based on the information obtained from the wavelength range selected according to the state of the reaction region. Therefore, the information regarding the characteristics of the reaction region can be efficiently provided according to the state of the reaction region.

Peak analysis means, the original of the measurement results is determined by the determining means is executed, the appearance timing of peaks appearing respectively to the fifth wavelength component and the wavelength component of the sixth in the wavelength range which is selected by the selection means Then, it is determined whether or not knocking has occurred, and information indicating the result of the determination is generated.

  According to the above configuration, it is possible to determine whether knocking has occurred or not by an efficient process according to the state of the reaction region. In addition, since the presence or absence of knocking is determined based on the light emitted from the reaction region, it is easier to obtain information regarding the position where knocking occurs than the determination of knocking due to vibration or pressure. Further, the information on the appearance time of the peak is less likely to fluctuate due to the influence of an error generated depending on the state of the light measurement system than the intensity of light emitted in the reaction region or the intensity value of the peak. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately determine the occurrence of knocking with high reproducibility without being greatly affected by the measurement state based on the measurement result obtained by the spectroscopic measurement apparatus.

Peak analysis means, among the measurement results are determined by the determining means is executed, the time variation of the intensity at the fifth wavelength component and sixth respectively appearing peak in a wavelength component in the wavelength range which is selected by the selection means First, it is determined whether or not knocking has occurred, and information indicating the result of the determination is generated .

  According to the above configuration, it is possible to determine whether knocking has occurred or not by an efficient process according to the state of the reaction region. In addition, since the presence or absence of knocking is determined based on the light emitted from the reaction region, it is easier to obtain information regarding the position where knocking occurs than the determination of knocking due to vibration or pressure. In addition, since the peak appears for a short time, there is little influence of errors that occur depending on the state of the light measurement system. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately determine the occurrence of knocking with high reproducibility without being greatly affected by the measurement state based on the measurement result obtained by the spectroscopic measurement apparatus.

In addition, the reaction analysis apparatus according to the present invention includes an acquisition unit that acquires the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component from the measurement result of the light emitted from the reaction region by the spectrometer. A relative intensity calculating means for calculating a relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component from the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component acquired by the acquiring means; In response to determining that the relative intensity calculated by the intensity calculating means is a value within a predetermined range; and determining that the relative intensity is a value within a predetermined range by the determining means. A notification means for notifying that the state of the reaction region is in a predetermined state, and a selection means for selecting a wavelength range from the first wavelength range and the second wavelength range in accordance with a result of determination by the determination means And the determination by the determination means is executed. A peak analysis unit that generates predetermined information on the characteristics of the reaction region based on the feature amount of the peak that appears in the wavelength range selected by the selection unit among the measured results. , based on the width of the peak appearing respectively in two or more wavelengths within the wavelength range selected by the selection means, it is characterized in Rukoto constituting the information about the pressure generated.

  Further, in this reaction analysis apparatus, the information on pressure is information on partial pressure in the reaction region.

  The measurement system according to the present invention includes a reaction analysis device, an optical element that collects light at an image point when light is incident from an object point, and spectroscopically measures light collected at the image point by the optical element. And a spectroscopic measurement means for outputting the result of the spectroscopic measurement as a signal, and the reaction analyzer receives a signal output from the spectroscopic measurement means.

  According to the above configuration, the optical element condenses the light generated at the object point at the image point, the spectroscopic measurement means performs spectroscopic measurement of the collected light, and the result is received by the above-described reaction analysis apparatus. Therefore, based on the light generated by the reaction occurring locally including the object point, it is possible to notify that the local state is appropriately in a predetermined state with high reproducibility without being greatly affected by the situation of the optical element. it can.

  In the measurement system according to the present invention, an exception handling function can be provided when performing LIBS or SIBS. That is, in this measurement system, when performing the LIBS, the spectroscopic measurement means obtains the spectroscopic measurement result within a predetermined period from the time when the intensity of the wavelength component corresponding to the wavelength of the laser is increased, as SIBS or spark discharge. In the case of measuring this light, it is possible to perform an exceptional process in which the spectroscopic measurement result within a predetermined period from the time when the value of the current flowing to the plug becomes high is not sent to the process of the reaction analysis apparatus but to another process.

In addition, the measurement system according to the present invention, in order from the measurement result at the time when the determination result by the determination means is the bremsstrahlung light, according to the time progress of the measurement result, the analysis of the ions in the reaction region, the analysis of the atoms and the molecular It is characterized by performing an analysis.

  In addition, the measurement system according to the present invention performs processing different from each other on the light generated from the reaction region with respect to the measurement result by the spectroscopic measurement device, thereby providing predetermined information corresponding to the processing regarding the characteristics of the reaction region. A plurality of analyzing means to be generated, a wavelength selecting means for selecting two or more wavelengths from the measurement result, and the other of the components of one wavelength with respect to the intensity of the other of the combinations of wavelengths belonging to two or more wavelengths Relative intensity calculation means for calculating the relative intensity of the wavelength component, and generation of thermal excitation light emission, chemiluminescence (including flame and plasma light) and bremsstrahlung light in the measurement result space consisting of three dimensions of wavelength, intensity and time A discriminating unit for discriminating a region in which the plurality of analyzing units perform processing according to a discrimination result by the discriminating unit. And it is characterized in and.

  Further, in this measurement system, the range setting means generates predetermined information based on a feature amount of a light peak caused by breakdown caused by high energy input from an area where braking radiation is generated (LIBS, SIBS). Is characterized in that processing is performed in the order of predetermined information generation processing for ions, predetermined information generation processing for atoms, and predetermined information generation processing for molecules. It is.

  As described above, the reaction analysis apparatus according to the present invention notifies that the reaction region is in a predetermined state when the relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component is a value within a predetermined range. Therefore, based on the measurement results of the spectroscopic measurement device related to the reaction region, it is possible to appropriately detect and notify with high reproducibility that the reaction region is in a predetermined state without being greatly affected by the measurement situation. became.

Moreover, it has become possible to properly detect and notify the initial state of the record over The induced breakdown reactions with high reproducibility.

  In addition, since the peak analysis means generates predetermined information on the characteristics of the reaction region based on information obtained from the wavelength range selected according to the state of the reaction region, the reaction can be efficiently performed according to the state of the reaction region. It became possible to provide information on the characteristics of the region.

  In addition, it is possible to determine the presence or absence of knocking with efficient processing according to the state of the reaction region, and based on the measurement result by the spectroscopic measurement device, it is high without being greatly affected by the measurement status It became possible to detect the occurrence of knocking appropriately with reproducibility.

  Further, in the reaction analysis apparatus according to the present invention, by having an exception processing function when performing LIBS, SIBS, etc., analysis of reaction based on light emitted from the reaction region due to laser or discharge is appropriately performed, And it becomes possible to carry out efficiently.

It is a figure which shows two types of spectral spectra for demonstrating the concept of one Embodiment of this invention. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an overall configuration of a measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the optical element in a measurement system. It is a side view which shows the structure of the spectrometry apparatus in a measurement system. It is a block diagram which shows the internal structure of the computer system which operate | moves as a reaction analysis apparatus in a measurement system. It is a block diagram which shows the functional structure of the reaction analyzer in a measurement system. It is a flowchart which shows the control structure of the whole process of the reaction analyzer in a measurement system. It is a flowchart which shows the control structure of the spectrum pattern determination process in a measurement system. It is a flowchart which shows the control structure of the particle | grain state analysis in a measurement system. It is a flowchart which shows the control structure of the peak analysis process in a measurement system. It is a flowchart which shows the control structure of the knock determination process in a measurement system. It is a side view which shows the structure of the spectrometer which is the structure which extracts only the specific wavelength component in a measurement system. It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure in the modification 2 of the measuring system which concerns on this invention. It is a partially transparent perspective view which shows the structure of the spectrometry apparatus in the modification 2 of the measurement system which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline | summary of operation | movement of the spectrometer in the modification 2 of the measurement system which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure in the modification 2 of the measuring system which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure in the modification 3 of the measuring system which concerns on this invention. It is a graph which shows the spectrum pattern produced when LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) is performed.

104 Optical element 106 Optical fiber cable 108A,..., 108N Optical fiber 110A,..., 110N Spectrometer 114 Reaction analyzer 140 First surface 140A, 142A First region 140B, 142B Second region 142 Second surface 144, 146 Reflective film 148 Protective film 150 Stray light aperture 200 Computer system 300 Signal conversion unit 302 Spectral data storage unit 304 Spectral pattern determination unit 306 Processing selection unit 308 Continuous pattern analysis unit 310 Peak analysis unit 312 Analysis result storage unit 314 User interface 316 Output unit 330 First intensity value acquisition unit 332 Second intensity value acquisition unit 334 Relative intensity calculation unit 336 Reference value storage unit 338 Determination unit 350 Data reading unit 352 Temperature calculation unit 354 Concentration calculation unit 370 Peak detection unit 72 peak feature quantity extraction unit 374 statistical processing unit 376 calibration information storage unit 378 feature quantity analysis unit 104P-S optical element 106P-S optical fiber cable 108nP-S optical fiber 700, 800, 900 measurement system 702 spectroscopic measurement apparatus 708, 804 Signal distributor 802 Bundle fiber 902 Processing selector

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings used for the following description, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. Their names and functions are also the same.

[Concept of the present invention]
First, the concept of the present invention will be described first by taking a flame as an example. If the fuel and oxidant are properly mixed, the fuel will burn completely. In this state, all of the fuel is ionized and excited to become radicals, and light is emitted from the radicals in the flame. On the other hand, if the mixing of the fuel and the oxidizer is inappropriate, incomplete combustion occurs in the dense portion of the fuel. In this state, the fuel is not completely converted into plasma, and part of the fuel becomes fine particles and diffuses. These fine particles are smoke. The soot is heated by the flame and emits strong light by black body radiation. This light forms a so-called luminous flame.

  FIG. 1 shows, for a flame and a luminous flame when methane gas is completely burned in the air, a spectral spectrum in a wavelength range of 300 nm to 550 nm of light emitted from those flames. Referring to FIG. 1, light having a specific wavelength component is emitted from a radical according to the type of the radical. Therefore, in the spectrum of light emitted from the flame of complete combustion, a spectral pattern in which some sharp peaks exist is recognized. On the other hand, in the luminous flame, in addition to the light component emitted from the radical, the light component emitted by the black body radiation is detected. In black body radiation, light over a wide wavelength band component is emitted unlike light emitted from radicals. Therefore, in the spectrum of light emitted from the bright flame, a continuous spectrum pattern is recognized particularly in the long wavelength band.

  With such a spectral pattern, the intensity of light emitted from C2 * cannot be obtained. Therefore, from the ratio of the intensity of the component with a wavelength of about 473 nm corresponding to the light emitted from C2 * or the intensity of the component with a wavelength of about 431 nm corresponding to the light emitted from CH *, the excess air ratio, equivalent Neither the ratio nor the air-fuel ratio can be calculated. However, the ratio between the intensity of the component having a wavelength of about 473 nm or about 516 nm and the intensity of the component having a wavelength of about 431 nm is greatly different between the spectrum of light emitted from the flame of complete combustion and the spectrum of light emitted from the bright flame. Value. Even in such a spectral pattern, a peak can be recognized at a wavelength corresponding to light emitted from radicals in a wavelength band of about 431 nm or less corresponding to light emitted from CH *.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, from the spectral spectrum information of the flame, first, such a difference in the spectrum pattern is referred to as a relative value (hereinafter referred to as “relative intensity”) with respect to the other one of the intensities of the two wavelength components measured simultaneously. )) Based on the detection, detection of a state such as generation of bright flame or soot or poor fuel premixing is performed. Further, in the present embodiment, in the wavelength band in which the peak of intensity on the spectrum caused by light emitted from radicals can be detected, it is based on characteristics such as peak timing, wavelength, intensity, spectral line width, and line shape. Analysis processing including detection of occurrence of knocking is executed to obtain information about the reaction region.

〔overall structure〕
FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of the measurement system according to the present embodiment. Referring to FIG. 2, this measurement system 100 includes an optical element 104 for condensing light emitted from the measurement area 102 in or near the reaction area, and an optical element for the light emitted from the measurement area 102. , 108N which has a plurality of optical fibers 108A,..., 108N each having one end arranged at a light condensing position by 114, an optical fiber cable 106 for emitting light incident on the one end from each other end, and optical fibers 108A, .., 108N connected to the other end of the light, respectively, and splitting the light emitted from the other end to output measurement signals 112A,..., 112N, which are electrical signals corresponding to the intensity of each of the dispersed components. 110N and the measurement signals 112A,..., 112N are received, and signal processing is performed on the measurement signals 112A,. The generation of the bright flame in the measurement area 102 is detected by performing the analysis, and the measurement target existing in the measurement area 102 and the analysis of the physical / chemical state thereof are performed based on the detection result and the measurement signals 112A,. And a reaction analysis device 114 that outputs the analysis result 108.

(Optical element)
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the optical element 104 according to this embodiment. With reference to FIG. 3, the optical element 104 is an integral optical element having a first surface 140 and a second surface 142. A space between the first surface 140 and the second surface 142 is a light-transmitting uniform medium. Specifically, the medium is so-called optical glass or synthetic quartz.

  The first surface 140 and the second surface 142 respectively have first regions 140A and 142A on the outer peripheral side and second regions 140B and 142B in the center. The first region 140A of the first surface 140 is a spherical transmission surface having a predetermined point O as the center of curvature. A first reflective film 144 made of a reflective material such as a metal material (for example, aluminum) is deposited on the second region 140B of the first surface 140. Therefore, the second region 140B of the first surface 140 is a reflection surface for incident light from the medium side. Further, a protective film 148 for protecting the reflective film 134 from the measurement target is formed on the measurement film 102 side of the reflective film 144. A second reflective film 146 made of a reflective material similar to that of the first reflective film 144 is deposited on the first area 142A of the second surface 142. That is, the first region 142A of the second surface 142 is a concave reflection surface of light from the medium side. The second region 142B of the second surface 142 is a spherical transmission surface with the point I as the center of curvature. Hereinafter, the point O is referred to as an “object point”, and the point I is referred to as an “image point”.

  Light from the object point O enters the first region 140A of the first surface 140, travels through the medium between the first surface 140 and the second surface 142, and is reflected by the first region 142A of the second surface 142. Is done. The light reflected by the first region 142A of the second surface 142 is reflected by the second region 140B of the first surface 140, is emitted through the second region 142B of the second surface 142, and passes through the stray light stop 150. Focused on the image point I. Similarly, the light from the points O1, O2, O3, O4, O5,... On on the object point O side is also condensed on the image plane on the image point I side by the optical element 104, respectively. . Therefore, in this optical element 104, the only surface that contributes to the optical path of light from the object points O1, O2, O3, O4, O5,.

  The incident end face of the optical fiber cable 106 is such that the respective incident end faces of the optical fibers 108A,..., 108N are on the imaging surface of the optical element 114 including the image point I. It arrange | positions so that it may be arrange | positioned toward. Therefore, the light generated at the object points O 1, O 2, O 3, O 4, O 5,..., On is disposed by the optical element 104 at a position on the image plane corresponding to the object point 108 A,. -It is condensed by 108N. The condensed lights are respectively incident on the fibers 108A,..., 108N, and are emitted from the end faces of the spectroscopic measurement apparatuses 110A,. It will be.

[Spectrometer]
Each of the spectroscopic measurement apparatuses 110A,..., 110N shown in FIG. As a representative of these, FIG. 4 shows a side view of the spectroscopic measurement apparatus 110A. Referring to FIG. 4, spectroscopic measurement apparatus 110 </ b> A is arranged on the optical axis of light emitted from optical fiber 108 </ b> A, and converts collimator 170 that converts light emitted from optical fiber 108 </ b> A into parallel light, and collimator 170. The first mirror 172 disposed on the optical axis of the light converted into parallel light and the first mirror 172 disposed on the optical axis of the reflected light by the first mirror 172 of the parallel light emitted through the collimator 170. The second mirror 174 and the parallel light emitted through the collimator 170 are arranged on the optical axis of the reflected light by the second mirror 174, and the above-mentioned light reflected by the second mirror 174 is dispersed and emitted. Of the spectral light reflected by the third mirror 178, the third mirror 178 disposed on the optical path of the spectral light dispersed by the spectral element 176, and the spectral light reflected by the third mirror 178. It is arranged on a road, and sequentially photoelectric conversion of incident spectral light, and an optical detector 180 for outputting a time-series electric signal obtained as a result as a measurement signal 112A described above.

  Specifically, the spectroscopic element 176 is a diffraction grating, a prism, or the like. Specifically, the photodetector 180 is a CCD image sensor or the like in which a large number of charge coupled devices (CCDs) and the like are arranged in a matrix. The mirrors 172, 174, and 178 have a predetermined amount for each incident light so that the light does not converge in the process from when the light generated from the plasma is incident until it is split by the spectroscopic element 176 and received by the photodetector 180. Arranged at an angle.

  The light that has reached the spectroscopic element 176 is split into spectral light by the spectroscopic element 176 and reaches the photodetector 180 via the mirror 178. Therefore, the light receiving position of each component of the spectrum light on the photodetector 180 varies depending on the wavelength. On the other hand, the photodetector 180 sequentially photoelectrically converts the light received at each light receiving position, and outputs a measurement signal 112A including information indicating the light receiving position at that time and the light intensity at the light receiving position. Therefore, the measurement signal 112A output from the photodetector 180 includes information representing the intensity at each time of each wavelength component included in the light emitted from the object point O1.

[Realization and operation of signal processing unit by computer]
The function of the reaction analysis apparatus 114 of the present embodiment can be realized by computer hardware, a program executed by the computer hardware, and data stored in the computer hardware. FIG. 5 shows a configuration of a computer system 200 for realizing the function of the reaction analysis apparatus 114.

  Referring to FIG. 5, this computer system 200 includes a computer 204 having an interface 202 for receiving measurement signals 112A,..., 112N and outputting analysis results 116, and a keyboard connected to the computer 204, respectively. An input device 218 and an output device 220 such as a display device.

  In addition to the interface 202, the computer 204 includes a bus 206 connected to the interface 202 and a central processing unit (CPU) 208. The computer 204 further includes a read-only memory (ROM) 210 that stores a boot-up program and the like, a random access memory (RAM) 212 that stores program instructions, system programs, work data, and the like, a hard disk 214, and a removable media drive. 216. The CPU 208, ROM 210, RAM 212, hard disk 214, and removable media drive 216 are all connected to the bus 186. Although not shown here, the computer 204 may further comprise a network adapter board that provides a connection to a local area network (LAN).

  A program for causing the computer system 200 to operate as the reaction analysis device 114 is stored in a removable medium inserted into the removable medium drive 216, and the stored content is transferred to the hard disk 214. The program may be transmitted to the computer 204 through a network (not shown) and stored in the hard disk 214. The program is loaded into the RAM 212 when executed. Note that the program may be loaded directly into the RAM 212 from the above-described removable medium or network without going through the hard disk 214.

  This program includes a plurality of instructions that cause the computer 204 to execute an operation as the reaction analysis device 114. Some of the basic functions necessary to execute these operations are provided by an operating system (OS), a third-party program, or various toolkit modules that are installed in the computer 204 and run on the computer 204. Therefore, this program does not necessarily include all functions necessary for realizing the operation of the reaction analysis device 114. This program only needs to include only instructions for realizing each function of the reaction analysis device 114 by calling an appropriate function, tool, or the like in a controlled manner so as to obtain a desired result. . Since the operation of computer system 204 itself is well known, description thereof will not be repeated here.

[Functional configuration]
FIG. 6 shows a functional configuration of the reaction analysis apparatus 114 in a block diagram form. Referring to FIG. 6, reaction analysis device 114 receives measurement signals 112 </ b> A,..., 112 </ b> N and time-series data representing the intensity of each wavelength component at each time of light emitted from each position in measurement region 102. (Hereinafter referred to as “spectral data”), and a spectral data storage unit 302 that stores spectral data generated by the signal converting unit 300.

  The reaction analyzer 114 further determines whether the spectral spectrum at each time and at each position is a spectral pattern having a peak or a continuous pattern based on the spectral data. Based on the result of determination by the spectrum pattern determination unit 304 and the spectrum pattern determination unit 304, a process selection unit 306 that selects an analysis process to be executed and outputs an instruction corresponding to the selection result, and a process selection unit 306 The spectral data of a spectrum having a continuous pattern is analyzed in accordance with the instruction of, and a continuous pattern analysis unit 308 that outputs the result and a peak on the spectrum based on the spectral data in accordance with the command from the processing selection unit 306. Peak analysis unit that performs knocking determination and reaction region analysis based on the results and outputs the results And a 10.

  The process selection by the process selection unit 306 is specifically as follows. That is, analysis by both the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and the peak analysis unit 310 is selected for spectral data at a time determined to be a continuous spectral pattern among the times on the spectral data. Further, as the wavelength range of the peak to be analyzed by the peak analysis unit 310, the first wavelength range in which the influence of the continuous spectrum pattern is slight is selected, and the wavelength range of the peak to be analyzed is selected from the first wavelength range. Specify as a range. For other times, only the analysis by the peak analysis unit 310 is selected, and the second wavelength range that is the entire wavelength range on the spectral data is set as the wavelength range of the peak to be analyzed by the peak analysis unit 310. Is specified.

  The wavelength range in which the influence of the continuous spectrum pattern is slight can be predicted in advance according to the cause if the cause of the generation of the continuous spectrum pattern is known. For example, in the case of the luminous flame as shown in FIG. 1, the influence of the luminous flame due to soot is insignificant in the wavelength band of about 431 nm or less corresponding to the light emitted from CH *. Therefore, in the present embodiment, information indicating the wavelength range in the case of limitation is prepared in advance, the processing selection unit 306 holds this, and this information is used at the time of selection.

  The reaction analysis device 114 further includes an analysis result storage unit 312 that holds the analysis results output by the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and the peak analysis unit 310, a user interface 316 that receives an operation for commanding output of the analysis results, and the like from the user, The result of determination by the spectrum pattern determination unit 304 and the result of determination of knocking by the peak analysis unit 310 are converted into information related to the state of the measurement region 102 and output, and the analysis result storage unit is based on the operation received by the user interface 316. And an output unit 314 for reading out and outputting the measurement target information held in 312. Specifically, the information output from the output unit 314 based on the determination result by the spectrum pattern determination unit 304 is notification of soot generation, notification of poor fuel premixing, generation of bright flame, and the like.

  The spectrum pattern determination unit 304 obtains a first wavelength component intensity value (hereinafter referred to as “first intensity value”) used for spectrum pattern determination from the stored spectral data. An acquisition unit 330, a second intensity value acquisition unit 332 for acquiring an intensity value of the second wavelength component (hereinafter referred to as a “second intensity value”), and the first intensity value with respect to the second intensity value By comparing the relative intensity with the reference value information, the relative intensity calculating unit 334 that calculates the relative intensity, the reference value storage unit 336 that holds the reference value information that represents the relationship between the relative intensity and the spectrum pattern, And a determination unit 338 for determining whether or not is continuous.

  As the first wavelength component, it is desirable to select a wavelength component having a large intensity depending on the difference in the continuous spectrum pattern, and as the second wavelength component, the difference in intensity due to the difference in the continuous spectrum pattern is relatively small. It is desirable to select a small wavelength component. For example, when a combustion reaction of a hydrocarbon fuel is performed in the measurement region 102 (see FIG. 2), a wavelength component of about 473 nm or about 516 nm corresponding to the light emitted from C2 * may be selected. . The second wavelength component corresponds to, for example, light emitted from CH *, CN *, or OH * when a hydrocarbon fuel combustion reaction is performed in the measurement region 102 (see FIG. 2). The wavelength component to be selected may be selected.

  The continuous pattern analysis unit 308 follows the command corresponding to the analysis process of the continuous spectrum pattern from the process selection unit 306, and the intensity of the third wavelength component and the fourth wavelength component necessary for the analysis from the continuous spectrum pattern. Based on the intensity values of the third and fourth wavelength components read out by the data reading unit 350 and the data reading unit 350 for reading out the values from the spectral data storage unit 302, the particles emitted from the black body radiation A temperature calculation unit 352 that calculates the temperature, and a concentration calculation unit 354 that calculates the concentration of the particles based on the temperature calculated by the temperature calculation unit 352 and the intensity value of the fourth wavelength component. It is desirable that both the third wavelength component and the fourth wavelength component are wavelength components outside the second wavelength range described above. For example, a wavelength component of about 680 nm may be selected as the third wavelength component, and a wavelength component of about 800 nm may be selected as the fourth wavelength component.

  The peak analysis unit 310 scans the spectral data held in the spectral data storage unit 302 and detects the peak of light emitted from the measurement region 102, and the peak detection based on the spectral data. A peak feature amount extraction unit 372 that extracts a feature amount of a peak detected by the unit 370. Specifically, the peak feature amount includes the peak appearance time, wavelength, peak height, that is, the intensity of the wavelength component at the peak apex (hereinafter referred to as “peak intensity”), spectral line width, shift amount, and It is a line shape.

  The peak analysis unit 310 further emits light from a secondary product generated by the influence of a pressure wave when knocking occurs, or a component that causes a temporal change in light emitted from the product due to the reaction. A knocking detection unit that determines whether or not knocking has occurred based on a feature amount of a peak that appears in a fifth wavelength component corresponding to the generated light, and outputs a signal notifying that if knocking has occurred 373. The fifth wavelength component is a wavelength component corresponding to, for example, light emitted from OH *. When a pressure wave is generated by knocking, OH * is generated in a region where high temperature and high pressure are caused by the influence, and light emitted from OH * may be detected in a region where no combustion reaction occurs. In such a case, for example, the peak appearance time and the OH in the wavelength component corresponding to the light emitted from the C2 *, CN *, CH * generated by the combustion reaction (hereinafter referred to as “sixth wavelength component”). A difference occurs between the peak appearance time in the wavelength component corresponding to the light emitted from *. Further, the intensity of light emitted from the OH * may change stepwise as time elapses due to the influence of pressure waves. The knocking detection unit 373 determines whether or not knocking has occurred based on such a temporal change in light that occurs when knocking occurs.

  Further, the peak analysis unit 310 performs statistical processing on the feature amount of each peak extracted by the peak feature amount extraction unit 372, and as a result, information representing the feature of light emitted from the measurement position (hereinafter referred to as “measurement light feature”). It has a statistical processing unit 374 that generates “information”. The measurement light feature information is specifically the peak feature amount, the ratio of the peak feature amount between the peaks, and the average, root mean square, variance, and time variation characteristics thereof.

  The peak analysis unit 310 further analyzes the measurement light feature information based on the calibration information and the calibration information storage unit 376 that holds the calibration information indicating the relationship between the characteristics of the light emitted from the reaction region and the state / features of the reaction region. And a feature amount analysis unit 232 that converts the information into information about the characteristics of the measurement target and stores the information in the analysis result storage unit 312 as a result of the analysis based on the peak. The characteristics of the measurement object include, for example, the mass, flow rate, concentration, pressure, temperature, plasma characteristic evaluation value, etc. of the measurement object, their time fluctuations, reaction zone thickness, reaction arrival speed, and the like. The calibration information is a function, a correlation curve, a correspondence table, or the like that represents the relationship between the above-described characteristics of the light generated from the plasma and the above-described characteristics of the measurement target.

[Flow of overall processing]
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a control structure of the entire process executed by the reaction analyzer 114. Referring to FIG. 7, this process 400 is performed for each of the measurement signals 112A,. When the process 400 is started, in step 402, the processing target time is initialized to zero. In step 404, the measurement signal at time t is converted into spectroscopic data by amplifying and digitizing. In step 406, the spectral data converted in step 404 is accumulated. In step 408, processing for determining a spectral pattern using the spectral data accumulated in step 406 is executed. This process will be described later with reference to FIG.

  In the following step 410, it is determined whether or not it is determined in step 408 that the spectrum is a continuous spectrum pattern. If the former, the process proceeds to step 412. Otherwise, go to step 416.

  In step 412, the time t is set to the target time for particle state analysis based on the continuous spectrum pattern. In the following step 414, in order to exclude the wavelength band under the influence of black body radiation from the processing target in step 418 described later, the first wavelength range is selected to limit the peak detection range. Go to 418. When the process proceeds to step 416, the second wavelength range is selected in step 416, the entire wavelength band is set as the peak detection range, and the process proceeds to step 418.

  In step 418, it is determined whether a measurement signal corresponding to a time after time t is given. If a measurement signal is given, the process proceeds to step 420, 1 is added to time t, and the process returns to step 404. Otherwise, go to step 422.

  In step 422, the state of particles emitting black body radiation is analyzed using the spectroscopic data. This process will be described later with reference to FIG. In step 424, the peak is analyzed on the spectral data. This process will be described later with reference to FIG. In step 426, information obtained as a result of the processing in steps 422 and 424 is output as an analysis result, and this processing is completed.

[Spectral pattern analysis processing]
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the control structure of the spectral pattern analysis process executed in step 408 (see FIG. 7) described above. Referring to FIG. 8, when this processing 408 is started, in step 440, the intensity values of the first and second selected wavelengths are read from the spectral data accumulated in step 406 (see FIG. 7). In step 442, the first intensity value is divided by the second intensity value to calculate a relative intensity.

  In step 444, it is determined whether the relative intensity calculated in step 442 is a value within a predetermined reference range or a value outside the reference range. If the value is within the reference range, the spectrum pattern determination processing 408 is terminated. If the value is outside the reference range, the process proceeds to step 446. In step 446, a value corresponding to the detection of a continuous spectrum pattern in the spectrum to be determined is output. In the following step 448, a notification corresponding to the continuous spectrum pattern is issued, and the spectrum pattern determination processing 408 is terminated.

[Particle state analysis processing]
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the control structure of the particle state analysis process executed in step 422 (see FIG. 7). Referring to FIG. 9, when this processing 412 is started, in step 460, the processing target time t is initialized to zero. In step 462, it is determined whether or not the time t is set as the analysis target time in step 412 of the process shown in FIG. If set, the process proceeds to step 466. Otherwise, the process proceeds to step 464. In step 478, 1 is added to time t, and the process returns to step 462.

  In step 466, the intensity values of the third and fourth wavelength components at time t are read from the spectral data accumulated in step 404 (see FIG. 7). In step 468, the true temperature of the particles emitting black body radiation is calculated from the intensity values of the third and fourth wavelength components read out in step 466 using the two-color method.

  In step 470, based on Planck's radiation law, the luminance temperature corresponding to the wavelength component is calculated from the true temperature calculated in step 468 and the intensity value of the third wavelength component. In the subsequent step 472, the product of the so-called KL value, that is, the emissivity and the thickness of the reaction field is calculated from the true temperature calculated in step 468 and the luminance temperature calculated in step 470. In step 474, the KL value calculated in step 472 is converted into the concentration of particles. In step 476, it is determined whether or not spectral data at time after time t is accumulated. If accumulated, the process proceeds to step 464. Otherwise, go to step 480.

  In Step 480, statistical processing in the time direction is executed for the true temperature and particle concentration calculated in the series of processing in Steps 460 to 476 described above, and the average, standard deviation, time variation, etc. of these values are executed. Ask for. In step 482, the true temperature and particle concentration calculated in the series of processing in steps 460 to 476 and the statistics obtained in step 480 are output and stored as analysis results, and the particle state analysis processing is performed. 422 is ended.

[Peak analysis processing]
FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the control structure of the peak analysis process executed in step 424 (see FIG. 7) described above. Referring to FIG. 10, when this peak analysis process 424 is started, in step 500, process target time t is initialized to 0. In Step 502, it is determined whether or not the wavelength range set in Step 414 or Step 416 (both see FIG. 7) for the time t is a limited range. If so, the process proceeds to step 504. Otherwise, go to step 506.

  In step 504, the spectroscopic data is scanned within the limited wavelength band to detect all peaks in the range, and the process proceeds to step 508. In step 506, the spectral data is scanned for all wavelength bands in the spectral data to detect all peaks in the range, and the process proceeds to step 508.

  In step 508, for each of the peaks detected in step 504 or step 506, the peak appearance time, wavelength, peak intensity, spectral line width, shift amount, and line shape are identified based on the spectral data. These are stored as peak feature values.

  In step 510, in step 474, the KL value calculated in step 472 is converted into the concentration of particles. In step 476, it is determined whether or not spectral data at time after time t is accumulated. If accumulated, the process proceeds to step 464, adds 1 to the processing target time t, and returns to step 502. Otherwise, go to step 513.

  In step 513, a knocking determination process for determining whether or not knocking has occurred based on the peak feature amount is executed. This process will be described later with reference to FIG. In the subsequent step 514, statistical processing relating to the feature amount of the peak is executed based on the feature amount of each peak identified by the series of processing in steps 500 to 512, and measurement light feature information is generated. Then, the generated measurement light feature information is stored.

  In step 516, as in step 502, it is determined whether or not the wavelength range is restricted. If no limit is provided, the process proceeds to step 518, where the ratio of peak intensity in the measured light characteristic information and its statistical value are collated with a calibration curve prepared in advance to analyze the excess air ratio. Execute and output the result. At this time, the analysis result of the excess air ratio may be output after being converted into information on the local equivalent ratio or the local air-fuel ratio.

  When the processing of step 516 or step 518 is completed, the analysis processing of steps 520 and 522, step 524, step 526, steps 528 and 530, and step 532 shown below is executed in parallel.

  In step 520, based on the reaction start point position and reaction start time information in the reaction region prepared in advance, the measurement position information, and the peak appearance time of the measurement light feature information, the reaction Executes analysis of reaction propagation speed and statistics in the region, and outputs and stores the analysis results.

  In step 522, the propagation speed analyzed in step 520 is multiplied by the peak width in the time axis direction to calculate the thickness of the reaction zone. Furthermore, based on the statistics of the propagation velocity and the statistics of the peak width in the time axis direction, the analysis on the statistics of the thickness of the reaction zone is executed. Then, the reaction zone thickness and its statistics are output and stored as analysis results.

  In step 524, with respect to peaks corresponding to a plurality of wavelength components contained in a single radical or light emitted from the plasma, based on the peak intensity ratio of these peaks and their statistics, the radical or Analysis on the plasma rotation temperature is executed, and the rotation temperature and its statistics are output and stored as analysis results.

  In step 526, the spectral line width of each peak is converted into the pressure at the measurement position, and the pressure analysis is performed based on the statistics of the spectral line width, and the pressure analysis based on the pressure at the measurement position and the statistics is performed. The result is output and stored as an analysis result.

  In step 528, the characteristics of the radical or plasma present at the measurement position are identified from the wavelength of each peak and the shift amount, and the radical of the characteristic identified from the peak intensity and its statistic or the mass of the plasma, The flow rate and quantity, and their statistics are calculated, and the above-mentioned radical or plasma characteristic evaluation value, mass, flow rate and quantity, and their statistics are stored as analysis results. In subsequent step 530, component analysis such as molecular analysis and elemental analysis is executed based on the analysis result in step 528, and the result is output and stored as the analysis result.

[Knocking determination process]
FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the control structure of the knocking determination process executed in step 513 (see FIG. 10) described above. Referring to FIG. 11, when knocking determination processing 513 is started, it is determined in step 552 whether or not the intensity of the fifth wavelength component is rapidly increased as compared with the sixth wavelength component. Specifically, it is determined whether or not a peak appears in the sixth wavelength component in a time zone in which a peak appears in the fifth wavelength component. If it does not exist, it is determined that the intensity of the fifth wavelength component has increased rapidly, and the process proceeds to step 560. If it exists, it is determined that it has not increased rapidly, and the routine proceeds to step 554.

  In step 554, it is determined whether or not there is a difference between the appearance time of the peak of the fifth wavelength component and the appearance time of the peak of the sixth wavelength component. If there is a deviation, the process proceeds to step 560. Otherwise, go to step 558.

  In step 558, it is determined whether or not the intensity of the wavelength component fluctuates step by step in a time zone in which a certain peak of the fifth wavelength component appears. If so, the process proceeds to step 560. Otherwise, this process is terminated.

  In step 560, a notification indicating that knocking has occurred is issued, and the process ends.

[Operation]
Hereinafter, the operation of the measurement system according to the present embodiment will be exemplified. With reference to FIG. 2, the optical element 104 of the measurement system 100 is arranged so that light from a desired measurement position is incident on the optical element 104, and measurement is started in this state. Referring to FIG. 3, when light emitted from the object points O 1, O 2, O 3, O 4, O 5,... On in the reaction region is incident on the optical element 104, the light is transmitted to the optical element 104. Passes through the first region 140A of the first surface 140, travels through the medium between the first surface 140 and the second surface 142, and is reflected by the first region 142A of the second surface 142. The light reflected by the first region 142A of the second surface 142 is reflected by the second region 140B of the first surface 140, is emitted through the second region 142B of the second surface 142, and passes through the stray light stop 150. , 108N are condensed on the incident end faces of the optical fibers 108A,. The condensed light is incident on the fibers 108A,..., 108N, respectively, and the end faces of the spectroscopic measurement apparatuses 110A,..., 110N (see FIG. 2) through the optical fibers 108A,. Respectively.

  Referring to FIG. 4, the light incident on the spectroscopic measurement device 110 </ b> A is converted into parallel light by the collimator 170, reflected by the first mirror 172 and the second mirror 174, and reaches the spectroscopic element 176. . The light that has reached the spectroscopic element 176 is split into spectroscopic light by the spectroscopic element 176 and reaches the photodetector 180 via the third mirror 178. The photodetector 180 sequentially photoelectrically converts the light reaching each light receiving position, and outputs a measurement signal 112A representing the light arrival position at that time and the light intensity at that position. Each of the spectroscopic measurement apparatuses 110A,..., 110N shown in FIG. 2 performs the same operation as described above, and outputs measurement signal measurement signals 112A,..., 112N corresponding to the incident light, respectively. . The output measurement signals 112A,..., 112N are given to the reaction analysis device 114.

  When the reaction analysis device 114 receives the measurement signals 112A,..., 112N, the reaction analysis device 114 performs the following operation for each of the measurement signals 112A,.

  Referring to FIG. 6, the measurement signal input to reaction analysis device 114 is provided to signal conversion unit 300. In response to receiving the measurement signal, the signal conversion unit 300 sequentially amplifies and digitizes the measurement signal to convert it into spectral data, and stores the spectral data in the spectral data storage unit 302.

  When the spectral data is stored in the spectral data storage unit 302, the first intensity value acquisition unit 330 and the second intensity value acquisition unit 332 of the spectral pattern determination unit 304 respectively detect the first and second selected wavelengths from the spectral data. The intensity values are sequentially read out and given to the relative intensity calculation unit 334. The relative intensity calculation unit 334 sequentially calculates the relative intensity by dividing the given first intensity value by the second intensity value. The calculated relative intensity is sequentially given to the determination unit 338. The determination unit 338 compares the given relative intensity with the reference value stored in the reference value storage unit 336, and determines whether or not the relative intensity is within a predetermined reference range. If the relative intensity is not within the reference range, the determination unit 338 determines that the spectral spectrum at the determination target time is a continuous spectrum pattern, and the determination target time and the corresponding time are continuous spectral patterns. Is output to the output unit 316 and the process selection unit 306. Upon receiving this signal, the output unit 316 issues a notice of soot generation, a notice of fuel premixing failure, a notice of the occurrence of a bright flame, and the like, and outputs it as an analysis result 116.

  Based on the signal from the determination unit 338, the process selection unit 306 selects an analysis process for the spectral data at the time. That is, for the time determined to be a continuous spectrum pattern, the analysis by both the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and the peak analysis unit 310 is selected, and the peak to be analyzed by the peak analysis unit 310 is selected. Is limited to a range in which the influence of the continuous spectral pattern is slight. For other times, only the analysis by the peak analysis unit 310 is selected, and the entire wavelength range on the spectroscopic data is designated as the wavelength range of the peak to be analyzed by the peak analysis unit 310. Based on the selection result, the process selection unit 306 generates an analysis command to be performed by the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and the peak analysis unit 310, and gives the analysis command to the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and the peak analysis unit 310.

  When the command from the process selection unit 306 is given to the continuous pattern analysis unit 308, the data reading unit 350 follows the command and the intensity of the third wavelength component and the fourth wavelength at the time when the process by the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 is selected. The intensity of the wavelength component is read from the spectral data storage unit 302 and sequentially given to the temperature calculation unit 352 and the concentration calculation unit 354. The temperature calculation unit 352 calculates the true temperature of the particles emitting black body radiation from the intensity values of the third and fourth wavelength components using the two-color method. The temperature calculation unit 352 stores the calculated true temperature value in the analysis result storage unit 312, and further supplies this value to the concentration calculation unit 354. Then, statistical processing relating to the true temperature is executed in the time direction, and the result is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312. The concentration calculation unit 354 calculates the luminance temperature corresponding to the wavelength component from the intensity value of the third wavelength component. Then, the KL value is calculated from the luminance temperature and the true temperature given from the temperature calculation unit 352. Further, the KL value is converted into the concentration of particles. The concentration calculation unit 354 stores the calculated particle concentration value in the analysis result storage unit 312. Then, statistical processing relating to concentration is executed in the time direction, and the result is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.

    When a command from the processing selection unit 306 is given to the peak analysis unit 310, the peak detection unit 370 scans the spectral data stored in the spectral data storage unit 302 in the wavelength direction and the time direction, and at each time It is determined whether or not a peak exists at the time. However, at the time when the wavelength range to be processed is limited by a command from the processing selection unit 306, the scan is executed only within the limited wavelength range. The peak detection unit 370 gives the result of this determination to the spectral data and gives it to the peak feature amount extraction unit 372.

  When the peak feature amount extraction unit 372 receives spectral data with a peak detection result from the peak detection unit 370, the peak feature amount extraction unit 372 identifies the appearance time, wavelength, and peak intensity of each detected peak based on this data. To do. The peak feature amount extraction unit 372 further scans data around the apex of each peak and identifies the spectral line width, shift amount, and line shape of the peak for each peak. Then, the identified information is given to the knocking detection unit 373 and the statistical processing unit 374 as the feature amount of each peak.

  The knocking detection unit 373 pays attention to the fifth wavelength component in the given peak feature amount and determines whether knocking has occurred or not as follows. That is, when the peak does not appear in the sixth wavelength component in the time zone in which the peak appears in the fifth wavelength component, or the peak appears in the sixth wavelength component in the time zone. If there is a difference in the appearance time of the peak, or if the intensity of the fifth wavelength component varies stepwise in the time zone, it is determined that knocking has occurred. When it is determined that knocking has occurred, the knocking detection unit 373 outputs a signal indicating the occurrence of knocking to the output unit 316. Upon receiving this signal input, the output unit 316 issues a knock occurrence notification and outputs it as an analysis result 116.

  The statistical processing unit 374 calculates the ratio of the feature values of the peaks between the peaks from the feature values of the peaks. Further, the statistical processing unit 374 performs statistical processing on each feature amount and its ratio, and calculates the mean, mean square, variance, and time variation characteristic thereof. Then, the statistical processing unit 374 gives the feature amount of each peak, the ratio of the respective feature amounts, and the result of the statistical processing for them to the feature amount analysis unit 378 as measurement light feature information.

  In response to the measurement light feature information provided from the statistical processing unit 374, the feature amount analysis unit 378 performs the following analysis based on the calibration information held in the calibration information storage unit 376. To convert it into measurement target information. However, the analysis processing performed using the feature amount of the peak that can occur outside the peak detection range is not executed.

  That is, the feature quantity analysis unit 378 performs analysis on the excess air ratio by comparing the ratio of the peak intensity in the measurement light feature information and its statistical value with the configuration information, and the result is stored in the analysis result storage unit. 312 is stored. At this time, the analysis result of the excess air ratio may be stored in the analysis result storage unit 312 after being converted into information on the local equivalent ratio or the local air-fuel ratio. However, when the reaction in the reaction region is combustion of hydrocarbon fuel as shown in FIG. 1, the wavelength component of the light emitted from C2 * and the wavelength component of the luminous flame overlap, so that when the luminous flame is generated, C2 It becomes difficult to obtain information about the peak corresponding to the light emitted from *. That is, the feature amount analysis unit 378 does not perform the analysis of the excess air ratio at the time when the bright flame occurs.

  The feature quantity analysis unit 378 analyzes the reaction propagation speed and its statistics in the reaction region based on the position of the reaction start point in the reaction region, the reaction start time, the measurement position, and the peak appearance time. And the analysis result is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.

  Also, the feature amount analysis unit 378 calculates the thickness of the reaction zone by multiplying the propagation speed and the peak width in the time axis direction. Furthermore, based on the statistics of the propagation velocity and the statistics of the peak width in the time axis direction, the analysis on the statistics of the thickness of the reaction zone is executed. Then, the thickness of the reaction zone and its statistics are stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.

  In addition, the feature amount analysis unit 378 relates to peaks corresponding to a plurality of wavelength components included in light emitted from a single radical or plasma, based on the peak intensity ratio of the peaks and its statistics. The analysis on the rotation temperature of the radical or plasma is executed, and the temperature and its statistics are stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.

  In addition, the feature amount analysis unit 378 converts the spectral line width of each peak into a pressure at the measurement position, performs an analysis on the pressure based on the statistical amount of the spectral line width, and calculates the pressure and the statistical amount at the measurement position. The analysis result of the pressure based on the result is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.

  Further, the feature amount analysis unit 378 identifies radicals existing at the measurement position from the wavelength and shift amount of each peak, or the characteristics of the plasma, and radicals having characteristics identified from the peak intensity and its statistics, or The plasma mass, flow rate and quantity, and their statistics are calculated, and the above-mentioned radical or plasma characteristic evaluation value, mass, flow rate and quantity, and their statistics are stored as analysis results. Stored in the unit 312. Further, based on the analysis result, component analysis such as molecular analysis and elemental analysis is executed, and the result is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.

  In addition, the feature amount analysis unit 378 executes processing for inspecting whether or not there is a reaction abnormality such as knocking at the measurement position. The inspection result is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.

  In this way, the analysis results by the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and the peak analysis unit 310 are stored in the analysis result storage unit 312. When the user interface 314 receives an operation requesting output of desired measurement target information from the user, the user interface 314 gives a command corresponding to the operation to the output unit 316. The output unit 314 reads information corresponding to the user's request from the analysis result storage unit 312 and outputs it as the analysis result 116 according to the given command.

  As described above, in the measurement system 100 according to the present embodiment, the optical element 104 collects the light emitted from the measurement region 102. In this optical element 104, since only the reflecting surface is involved in the light collection, there is no occurrence of chromatic aberration, spectroscopic measurement with high spatial resolution, detection of the occurrence of luminous flames and soot, detection of knocking, and Various analyzes on the reaction region can be performed. In this embodiment, a time-series signal is generated as a measurement signal, and signal processing is executed in time series using the time-series signal. Therefore, it is possible to obtain information about the time series change of the reaction in the measurement region 102.

  In the present embodiment, light having a continuous spectral pattern is generated based on the relative intensity with respect to the intensity of the second wavelength component obtained at the same time as the intensity of the first wavelength component obtained by spectroscopic measurement. Judge that. Based on the determination result, the occurrence of soot, bright flame, or poor fuel premixing is detected. Therefore, it is possible to detect the occurrence of soot or bright flame, or poor fuel premixing, without being affected by the deterioration of the performance of the optical element that receives light due to the soot adhering.

  Further, in the present embodiment, since an analysis method for the result of the spectroscopic measurement is selected based on the result of the determination described above, it is possible to avoid performing unnecessary processing, and it is effective according to the light emitted at the measurement position. Analysis processing becomes possible. Furthermore, it is possible to effectively use the result of the spectroscopic measurement without waste and to obtain more information from the measurement result.

  In the present embodiment, the relative relationship between the light emitted from OH * due to the influence of the pressure wave accompanying knocking and the light emitted from other radicals generated by the reaction, and the temporal change of the light emitted from OH *. Based on the above, occurrence of knocking is detected. Therefore, knocking can be detected directly rather than detecting knocking from pressure, vibration, etc., and the reproducibility of detection of occurrence of knocking is improved. In addition, it is possible to detect the occurrence of knocking without being affected by the deterioration of the performance of the optical element that receives light due to sticking or the like.

[Modification 1]
In the above embodiment, the optical element 104 is an optical system that collects light by reflection, but an optical system such as a convex lens may be used instead of the optical element 114. However, in this case, it is desirable to reduce the aberration caused by the wavelength of light by various methods.

  In the above embodiment, the end face of the optical fiber 108A,..., 108N on the optical element 104 side is arranged in a plane on the imaging surface of the optical element 104, but the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. It is not limited. The incident end faces of the optical fibers 108A,..., 108N may be arranged three-dimensionally. By doing so, it is possible to measure and analyze the light emitted from the reaction region in a three-dimensional manner.

  In the above-described embodiment, the spectroscopic measurement devices 112A,..., 112N spectrally divide incident light, convert the resulting spectral light into an electrical signal by the photodetector 180, and output it. . However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. If the reaction being performed in the measurement position reaction region is known, or if the goal of the measurement is to obtain information only about the reaction of interest having a predetermined plasma characteristic, Only a specific wavelength component may be extracted from the light emitted from the light and converted into an electrical signal.

  For example, the photodetector 180 may be arranged at a position where only a specific wavelength component of the spectral light that has been split passes. If there are a plurality of desired wavelength components, a plurality of photodetectors may be arranged at positions corresponding to the desired wavelength components, respectively.

  Further, for example, only a specific wavelength component may be extracted by an optical element having selective transmission, reflection, or absorption characteristics with respect to the wavelength of light, or a combination of optical systems including these optical elements. FIG. 12 shows an example of a spectroscopic measurement apparatus having such a function. Referring to FIG. 12, an optical fiber 108A is connected to the spectroscopic measurement apparatus 600. The spectroscopic measurement apparatus 600 includes a plurality of systems of spectroscopic measurement units 610A, 610B, and 610C for measuring the intensity of light having a wavelength selected in advance according to a measurement target (hereinafter, simply referred to as “selected wavelength”). , 610N. For example, if the reaction in the reaction region is a combustion reaction of a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and air, the selected wavelengths include light generated from OH *, light generated from CH *, light generated from CN *, and C2 *. And the two wavelengths used for calculating the temperature and concentration of the soot. When this spectroscopic measurement apparatus 600 is applied, a wavelength other than the selected wavelength is selected as the wavelength of the laser beam.

  The spectroscopic measurement unit 610A is arranged on the optical axis of the light emitted from the optical fiber 108A so as to form a predetermined angle with respect to the optical axis, and reflects the light component in a predetermined band including the selected wavelength of the spectroscopic measurement unit 610A. Dichroic mirror 612A having characteristics and transmission characteristics with respect to light components in other wavelength bands including the wavelength of the laser beam and the selected wavelength other than the spectroscopic measurement unit 610A, and the light reflected by the dichroic mirror 612A Opposite of dichroic mirror 612A across filter 614A disposed on the axis and having transmission characteristics for the light component of the selected wavelength of spectroscopic measurement unit 610A and filter 614A on the optical axis of light reflected by dichroic mirror 612A And a photodetector 616A arranged on the side.

  The configurations of the spectroscopic measurement units 610B, 610C,..., 610N are the same as those of the spectroscopic measurement unit 610A. However, the wavelength characteristics of the dichroic mirror and filter are selected according to the selected wavelength.

  The spectroscopic measurement apparatus 600 operates as follows. That is, when light enters from the optical fiber 108A, the light is split by the dichroic mirrors 612A, 612B, 612C,. Of the separated light components, the components in the wavelength band near the selected wavelength pass through the filters 614A, 614B, 614C,..., 614N and reach the photodetectors 616A, 616B, 616C,. To do. Each of the photodetectors 616A, 616B, 616C,..., 616N sequentially converts the reached light components into a measurement signal 112A and outputs the measurement signal 112A.

  When the signal processing device 114 performs determination and analysis based on the measurement signal 112A output in this manner, it is not necessary to perform peak detection and other processing for wavelength bands other than the vicinity of the selected wavelength. Since the amount of information to be processed is reduced, signal processing becomes efficient and high-speed processing becomes possible.

  If the analysis result based on the spectral line width in the wavelength direction, the shift amount, and the line shape is not necessary as measurement target information, the output signals of the photodetectors 616A, 616B, 616C,. The position information is not necessarily included. In such a case, a photomultiplier tube or the like may be applied as the photodetectors 616A, 616B, 616C,. Since the photomultiplier tube has higher time response than an image sensor such as a CCD, measurement with high time resolution becomes possible.

  In such a spectroscopic measurement apparatus 600, the output signals of the photodetectors 616A, 616B, 616C,..., 616N are separately amplified, and the amplified signal is output as the measurement signal 112A. May be. However, in this case, it is necessary to set the reference value stored in the reference value storage unit 336 shown in FIG. 6 to a value corresponding to the signal amplification factor.

  In the above embodiment, the temperature and concentration analysis processing based on the continuous spectrum pattern and the analysis processing based on the peak are executed at a stage after the entire spectral data is stored in the spectral data storage unit 302 shown in FIG. It was. However, among these analysis processes that do not require statistical processing in the time direction, every time spectral data corresponding to a certain time is generated, an analysis based on the spectral data at that time may be executed. Good. Furthermore, the analysis process may be executed in real time. Furthermore, the analysis result obtained by such real-time processing may be output in real time.

In the above embodiment, the processing for the continuous spectrum pattern mainly resulting from the bright flame in the combustion reaction has been described. However, the present invention also determines the continuous spectrum pattern in various other reactions and performs the analysis processing based on the determination. Can be selected. For example, in a reaction in which a reaction region is irradiated with laser light or the like, and a substance or the like in the region is turned into plasma, light having a continuous spectral pattern is generated at the earliest stage of the reaction, particularly in a short wavelength region. Sometimes. Even in such a case, it is possible to appropriately detect the initial stage of the reaction by appropriately selecting the first wavelength component and the second wavelength component and the reference value for determination. Further, the peak analysis process may not be executed for the initial stage detected in this way.

  In the above embodiment, referring to FIG. 6, the output unit 316 converts the result of determination by the spectrum pattern determination unit 304 and the result of determination of knocking by the peak analysis unit 310 into information related to the state of the measurement region 102 and outputs the information. At the same time, the measurement target information held in the analysis result storage unit 312 was read out and output. However, the signal processing unit 114 may further generate and output new information by combining the information to be output by the output unit 316. For example, if the reaction region is a region where a reaction occurs repeatedly in a certain cycle, such as a combustion chamber of an automobile engine, the analysis results are combined based on information stored in the measurement target information storage unit 312. Thus, information indicating the relationship between the analysis result and the reaction cycle may be generated and output. Specifically, by generating and outputting information representing the cycle variation of each analysis result, it is possible to provide more easily understandable information about the reaction region. Further, the analysis results may be compared with each other or the correlation may be analyzed to generate and output information representing the relationship between the analysis results.

  The embodiment disclosed this time is merely an example, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. The scope of the present invention is indicated by each claim in the claims after taking into account the description of the detailed description of the invention, and all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the wording described therein are intended. Including.

[Modification 2-Time division function of measurement results (corresponding to centralization of repeated measurement, multi-point measurement, etc.)]
FIG. 13 shows a schematic configuration of the measurement system according to the present embodiment.

  This system is connected to the optical element 104, the optical fiber cable 106, and the reaction analysis device 114 that are the same as those in FIG. 1, respectively, the spectroscopic measurement device 702 that is directly connected to the optical fiber cable 106, the spectroscopic measurement device 702, and the reaction analysis device 114. Signal distributor 708.

  FIG. 14 shows the internal configuration of the spectrometer 702.

  The spectroscopic measurement device 702 has the same configuration as the spectroscopic measurement device 110A shown in FIG. However, in the spectroscopic measurement apparatus 702, the optical fiber cable 106 is directly connected to the spectroscopic measurement apparatus 110A instead of connecting the optical fiber 108A. In the optical fiber cable 106, the optical fibers 108A to 108N are bundled in a line. The optical diffraction grating 176 is connected to the spectroscopic measurement device 702 so as to be aligned in a line in parallel with the extending direction of the slits. Accordingly, the same wavelength component of the light incident on the spectroscopic measurement device 702 from any of the optical fibers 108 </ b> A to 108 </ b> N reaches the same position of the photodetector 180. Therefore, the signal 704 output from the spectroscopic measurement device 702 is a superimposition of spectroscopic measurement results relating to light from a plurality of object points (O1 to On in FIG. 3) in the reaction region 102.

  The signal distributor 706 shown in FIG. 13 corresponds to the object points O1 to On by dividing the signal 704 in the time direction based on the periodicity of the predetermined external signal 706 and the signal 704 from the spectroscopic measurement device 702. Signals 112A-112N are generated. The external signal here is, for example, a signal representing the number, order, and the like of the optical fibers bundled in the optical fiber cable 106.

  FIG. 15 schematically shows the concept of generation of signals 112A to 112N by signal division in the time direction. Referring to FIG. 15, it is assumed that a belt-like reaction region (hereinafter referred to as “reaction zone”) 720 moves so as to sequentially traverse object points O1 to On. The intensity 722 of light introduced into the optical fibers 108A to 108N corresponding to the passing object points becomes stronger when the reaction zone 720 passes the object points O1 to On, respectively. Therefore, there is a time difference in the light introduced from the optical fibers A to N into the spectroscopic measurement device 702. The measurement result 704 by the spectroscopic measurement device is obtained by superimposing these, and becomes a signal that repeats the maximum period (A1 to An) and the minimum period (T1 to Tn) as many times as the number of optical fibers. The signal distributor 708 divides the signal 704 in the time direction at timings (T1 to Tn) at which the intensity of the signal 704 is minimized. Based on the external signal 706, the divided signals are output as signals 114A to 114N corresponding to the optical fibers 108A to 108N.

  FIG. 16 shows a schematic configuration of a measurement system 800 according to a modification of the present embodiment.

  The measurement system 800 includes four optical elements 104P to S and optical fiber cables 106P to S connected to them. Of the optical fibers bundled in the optical fiber cables 106P to 106S, predetermined ones (optical fibers 108nP to 108nS) are bundled by a bundle fiber 802. The bundle fiber 802 is connected to the same spectrometer 702 as shown in FIG. The spectroscopic measurement device 702 is connected to the reaction analysis device 114 via the signal divider 804.

  An external signal 806 input to the signal distributor 804 is a signal representing the number, order, etc. of optical elements, for example. Alternatively, in the case of the measurement of the multi-cylinder engine described below, the crank angle information may be used as the external signal 806. Hereinafter, an operation example in which a reaction analysis of each cylinder for a four-cylinder engine is performed using the measurement system 800 will be described.

  In this operation example, the optical elements 104P to 104S are installed in each cylinder of the engine. In this case, the signal distributor 804 receives a crank angle signal as the external signal 806. In a four-cylinder engine, ignition is performed in any one of the cylinders while the crank rotates 180 degrees. Combustion performed with the ignition as a trigger is completed between the time of ignition and the rotation of the crank by 180 degrees. All the cylinders burn once, while the crank rotates 720 degrees. The order of the cylinders that perform ignition is determined in advance. Therefore, the cylinder in which combustion is performed is one of the four cylinders.

  The light emitted from the optical elements 104 </ b> P to 104 </ b> S is superposed and split by the spectroscopic measurement device 702. The signal 704 includes the result of spectroscopic measurement of light generated by combustion for four cylinders. However, as described above, one of the four cylinders is performing combustion, so the signal overlap is Absent. The signal distributor 804 is a section where the crank angle is 0 degrees to 180 degrees, a section where the crank angle is 180 degrees to 360 degrees, when the crank angle when ignition is performed in any one of the four cylinders is 0 degrees, The signal is divided into sections of 360 to 540 degrees and sections of 540 to 720 degrees. Then, each of the divided signals is given the number of the cylinder in which combustion is performed in that section, and signals 112P to 112S are generated. These signals 112P to S are given to the reaction analysis device 114. As a result, the reaction analyzer 114 performs a reaction analysis for each cylinder.

  As described above, the measurement system 800 realizes spectroscopic measurement and reaction analysis for each cylinder of a multi-cylinder engine with one spectroscopic measurement device. This contributes to downsizing and cost reduction of the measurement system. In addition, since the number of spectroscopic measurement devices that are vulnerable to vibration and the number of components thereof are generally reduced, it is possible to reduce variation in results due to individual differences among spectroscopic measurement devices. With this measurement system 800, it is possible to collectively measure and analyze various information related to the combustion reaction of each cylinder. In addition, by comparing the results of reaction analysis for each cylinder, it is possible to obtain information on variations and fluctuations between the cylinders.

  Instead of the spectrometer 700, a spectrometer 600 shown in FIG. 12 (basic application) may be used. In this case, the optical fibers do not need to be arranged in a line.

  The signal distributor 708 may be built in the reaction analysis device. For example, the signal division performed by the signal distributor 708 when data is read from the spectral data storage unit 302 shown in FIG. 6 may be performed.

[Modification 3-Regarding exception handling function when performing LIBS, SIBS, etc.]
FIG. 17 shows a schematic configuration of a measurement system 900 in this embodiment.

  In the measurement system 900, both a reaction such as combustion and plasma induction (breakdown) by a laser are performed in the reaction region 102. This measurement system 900 has a signal received in accordance with the emission intensity of a specific wavelength component represented by the signal 704 on the signal path between the spectrometer 702 and the signal distributor 708 of the spectrometer 700 shown in FIG. A process selector 902 that selects an output destination is arranged.

  The process selector 902 outputs, as a signal 904, a signal for a predetermined period (a period during which the breakdown is performed by the laser) from the time when light emission of a specific wavelength component (specifically, the wavelength component of the laser light) is detected. Then, other signals are output to the signal distributor 708.

  By performing an analysis using this signal 904, an analysis regarding a reaction at the time of laser ignition and an analysis by LIBS can be performed.

  In FIG. 17, the processing selector 902 selects a signal output destination based on a signal from the spectroscopic measurement device. However, a signal for a predetermined period may be output as a signal 904 from the time when an external signal is received. . For example, a trigger signal for laser irradiation may be received. In addition, in a spark ignition type internal combustion engine or a reaction region that starts a reaction triggered by a discharge at the discharge electrode, the optical element 104 is arranged toward the position where the discharge is performed, and the current flowing to the spark plug or the discharge electrode If the measurement value is given to the processing selector, the spectrum measurement result of the light emission due to the discharge can be output as the signal 904. Thereby, the analysis regarding the light emission at the initial stage of flame nucleation triggered by the discharge and the reaction analysis in the combustion reaction can be made side by side. In addition, it is possible to parallelize the analysis of SIBS that forms plasma by discharge and the analysis of the reaction around it.

  In addition, when LIBS is performed, as shown in FIG. 18, bremsstrahlung (radiated light caused by rapid acceleration and deceleration of electrons) occurs at the initial stage, and the emission intensity increases as the wavelength becomes shorter. A high spectral pattern results. In such a case, if the relative intensity (assuming that the intensity on the short wavelength side is used as the denominator) is calculated, the relative intensity becomes low in the initial stage of LIBS, and the light caused by breakdown of the components existing in the reaction region thereafter. It moves to the spectrum pattern, and the value is considered to rise. Here, assuming that ignition has occurred from breakdown and further soot is generated, the relative intensity becomes a higher value.

  Therefore, when the relative intensity is equal to or less than a predetermined range, it may be determined that the light is emitted by braking radiation, and thereafter, the LIBS analysis may be performed on the measurement result within the predetermined period.

  In the case of laser ignition, LIBS measurement is performed during the period from the formation of an initial flame nucleus after braking radiation until ignition, and after that, processing such as determination of knocking, measurement of a flame zone, etc. may be executed. .

  In LIBS, after the generation of bremsstrahlung, an ion emission spectral pattern, an atomic emission spectral pattern, and a molecular emission spectral pattern may occur in this order over time (especially for gas). For LIBS). In such a case, if the target of analysis is changed to ions, atoms, molecules, and then flames over time, triggered by bremsstrahlung, analysis of the reaction region can be performed efficiently. become.

  In the present modification, LIBS or SIBS is exemplified in the combustor. However, LIBS and SIBS are not analysis methods limited to analysis in a reaction region where combustion is performed. For example, by applying high energy to the surface of a solid or liquid by laser light, electric discharge or the like, various analyzes such as component analysis on the solid or liquid, molecular or crystal structure, and the like can be performed. Moreover, it is also possible to execute SIBS or LIBS for plasma by applying higher energy to plasma with low energy density such as weakly ionized plasma. Various well-known techniques can be used for processing the spectral spectrum in LIBS or SIBS. Various known techniques can be used for processing the spectral spectrum in LIBS or SIBS. Those processing functions can also be realized by a computer, data and a computer program. Therefore, it is possible to incorporate a function unit for performing these processes in the reaction analyzer.

[Modification 4-Relative strength]
In the above-described embodiment, the intensity ratio of the first wavelength component and the second wavelength component is exemplified as the relative intensity, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the spectrum with the wavelength and the intensity value as axes. On the spectrum plane, an angle (inclination of intensity change) formed by a straight line connecting a position corresponding to the intensity value of the first wavelength component and a position corresponding to the intensity value of the second wavelength component to the wavelength axis is expressed as a relative intensity. It may replace with and may be used.

[Modification 5-Control System]
In the embodiment described above, the measurement and analysis of the reaction region is performed by the measurement system having the reaction analysis device. However, the output from the measurement system regarding the reaction region may be used for controlling the reaction region.

  For example, the conversion from the output by the measurement system to the input value uniquely corresponding to this output is converted mechanically, by function, or by using a predetermined map to the input value that becomes the control amount, and further, this A control device having an adjustment unit that adjusts the reaction region so as to be in a state corresponding to the input value may be used together with the measurement system. Input value is position, course, altitude, posture, direction, dimensions, volume, angle, flow rate, density, linear velocity, angular velocity, acceleration, mechanical force, stress, fluid pressure, torque, amplitude, frequency, phase, quantity, It may be a physicochemical variable, component, mixing ratio, humidity, temperature, viscosity, light quantity, color, charge, voltage, current, magnetic flux density, dose, and the like. For example, if the reaction region is that of an internal combustion engine, the input value is intake air amount, intake air humidity, oxidant supply pressure, mixing ratio of components in the oxidant, fuel supply amount, fuel supply speed, fuel supply position, Fuel supply direction, fuel supply timing, fuel particle size, fuel penetration, mixing degree, valve timing, relative time difference between opening and closing of valves, ignition timing, input energy for ignition, swirl strength, tumble strength, ignition The strength of the turbulence of the working fluid in the vicinity of the plug, the type of instrument to be operated, the number of instruments to be operated, the arrangement of the instruments to be operated, the exhaust gas recirculation amount, the temperature of the recirculated exhaust gas, the exhaust pipe pressure, the afterburning, the exhaust gas Qualitative components, exhaust quantitative components, pressure wave vibrations, and the like. The conversion from the output of the control system to these input values and the adjustment of the state of the reaction region based on the input values are realized by a commonly used control method using, for example, an engine control unit (ECU), a carburetor, etc. Is possible.

The present invention can be used for measurement, analysis, error detection, reaction analysis, diagnosis, and the like of a reaction in a general technique using combustion or plasma reaction.

Claims (9)

An acquisition means for acquiring the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component from the measurement result of the light emitted from the reaction region by the spectrometer.
Relative intensity calculation for calculating the relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component from the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component acquired by the acquisition means. Means,
Determining means for determining whether or not the relative intensity calculated by the relative intensity calculating means is a value within a predetermined range;
In response to determining that the relative intensity is a value within the predetermined range by the determination unit, a notification unit that notifies that the state of the reaction region is in an initial state of a laser-induced breakdown reaction ; A reaction analyzer characterized by comprising: An acquisition means for acquiring the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component from the measurement result of the light emitted from the reaction region by the spectrometer.
Relative intensity calculation for calculating the relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component from the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component acquired by the acquisition means. Means,
Determining means for determining whether or not the relative intensity calculated by the relative intensity calculating means is a value within a predetermined range;
In response to determining that the relative intensity is a value within the predetermined range by the determination means, a notification means for notifying that the state of the reaction region is in a predetermined state;
A selection unit that selects a wavelength range from the first wavelength range and the second wavelength range according to the determination result by the determination unit;
Based on the feature amount of the peak appearing in the wavelength range selected by the selection unit, the peak analysis unit for generating predetermined information regarding the feature of the reaction region,
The peak analysis means determines the presence or absence of occurrence of knocking based on the appearance times of peaks appearing in the fifth wavelength component and the sixth wavelength component within the wavelength range selected by the selection means, Generate information indicating the result of the determination
A reaction analyzer characterized by that. An acquisition means for acquiring the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component from the measurement result of the light emitted from the reaction region by the spectrometer.
Relative intensity calculation for calculating the relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component from the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component acquired by the acquisition means. Means,
Determining means for determining whether or not the relative intensity calculated by the relative intensity calculating means is a value within a predetermined range;
In response to determining that the relative intensity is a value within the predetermined range by the determination means, a notification means for notifying that the state of the reaction region is in a predetermined state;
A selection unit that selects a wavelength range from the first wavelength range and the second wavelength range according to the determination result by the determination unit;
Based on the feature amount of the peak appearing in the wavelength range selected by the selection unit, the peak analysis unit for generating predetermined information regarding the feature of the reaction region,
The peak analysis means determines whether or not knocking has occurred based on temporal changes in intensity at peaks that respectively appear in the fifth wavelength component and the sixth wavelength component within the wavelength range selected by the selection means. And generating information indicating the result of the determination
A reaction analyzer characterized by that. An acquisition means for acquiring the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component from the measurement result of the light emitted from the reaction region by the spectrometer.
Relative intensity calculation for calculating the relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component from the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component acquired by the acquisition means. Means,
Determining means for determining whether or not the relative intensity calculated by the relative intensity calculating means is a value within a predetermined range;
In response to determining that the relative intensity is a value within the predetermined range by the determination means, a notification means for notifying that the state of the reaction region is in a predetermined state;
A selection unit that selects a wavelength range from the first wavelength range and the second wavelength range according to the determination result by the determination unit;
Based on the feature amount of the peak appearing in the wavelength range selected by the selection unit, the peak analysis unit for generating predetermined information regarding the feature of the reaction region,
The peak analysis unit generates information on pressure based on the widths of peaks that respectively appear at two or more wavelengths within the wavelength range selected by the selection unit.
A reaction analyzer characterized by that. The information on the pressure is information on the partial pressure in the reaction region.
  The reaction analysis apparatus according to claim 4. An optical element that collects light at an image point when light is incident from an object point;
Spectroscopic measurement means for spectroscopically measuring the light focused on the image point by the optical element, and outputting a result of the spectroscopic measurement as a signal ;
A reaction analyzer for receiving a signal output by the spectroscopic measurement means,
The reaction analyzer is
Obtaining means for obtaining the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component from the measurement result of the light emitted from the reaction region by the spectroscopic measurement means;
Relative intensity calculation means for calculating the relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component from the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component acquired by the acquisition means; ,
Determining means for determining whether or not the relative intensity calculated by the relative intensity calculating means is a value within a predetermined range;
In response to determining that the relative intensity is a value within the predetermined range by the determination means, the notification means for notifying that the state of the reaction region is in a predetermined state,
In the case of performing LIBS, when the intensity of the wavelength component corresponding to the wavelength of the laser is increased, the spectroscopic measurement result within a predetermined period is measured. In the case of measuring the light of SIBS or spark discharge, the current flowing to the plug Spectral measurement results within a specified period from when the value became high are subjected to another exception process that is not a reaction analyzer process.
A measurement system characterized by this. An optical element that collects light at an image point when light is incident from an object point;
Spectroscopic measurement means for spectroscopically measuring the light focused on the image point by the optical element, and outputting a result of the spectroscopic measurement as a signal;
A reaction analyzer for receiving a signal output by the spectroscopic measurement means,
The reaction analyzer is
Acquisition means for acquiring the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component from the measurement result of the light emitted from the reaction region by the spectroscopic measurement means;
Relative intensity calculation for calculating the relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component from the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component acquired by the acquisition means. Means,
It is determined whether or not the relative intensity calculated by the relative intensity calculation means is a value within a predetermined range, and thermal excitation luminescence, chemiluminescence and chemiluminescence are determined according to the range to which the relative intensity calculated by the intensity calculation means belongs. A determination means for determining different braking radiation;
In response to determining that the relative intensity is a value within the predetermined range by the determination means, the notification means for notifying that the state of the reaction region is in a predetermined state,
In order from the measurement result when the determination result by the determination means is bremsstrahlung light, the analysis of ions in the reaction region, the analysis of atoms, and the analysis of molecules are performed in accordance with the time progress of the measurement results.
A measurement system characterized by this. An optical element that collects light at an image point when light is incident from an object point;
Spectroscopic measurement means for spectroscopically measuring the light focused on the image point by the optical element, and outputting a result of the spectroscopic measurement as a signal;
A reaction analyzer for receiving a signal output by the spectroscopic measurement means,
The reaction analyzer is
Acquisition means for acquiring the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component from the measurement result of the light emitted from the reaction region by the spectroscopic measurement means;
A plurality of analyzing means each for generating predetermined information corresponding to the characteristics of the reaction area, by performing different processing on the measurement result obtained by the spectroscopic measurement means with respect to the light generated from the reaction area.
Wavelength selection means for selecting two or more wavelengths from the measurement results;
Relative intensity calculation means for calculating the relative intensity of the other wavelength component with respect to the intensity of one wavelength component for each set constituting a combination of wavelengths belonging to the two or more wavelengths,
A discriminating means for discriminating a region where thermal excitation luminescence, chemiluminescence and bremsstrahlung light are generated in the space of the measurement result consisting of three dimensions of wavelength, intensity and time;
A range setting unit for setting a range in which the plurality of analysis units perform processing according to a determination result by the determination unit;
A measurement system characterized by this. The range setting means is configured to generate ions in a predetermined information generation process (LIBS, SIBS) based on a feature amount of a light peak generated by breakdown due to the high energy input from an area where the braking radiation is generated. The predetermined information generation process for the target, the predetermined information generation process for the atom, and the predetermined information generation process for the molecule are performed in this order.
The measurement system according to claim 8.

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