JP5292499B1 - Medical knife - Google Patents

Abstract

Disposable type medical knife capable of exposing and storing a blade body by a simple operation with only one hand in use.
[Solution]
A spring member 6 is provided between the knife portion 2 and the cover 3 to urge the knife portion 2 from the exposed position toward the storage position. When the knife portion 2 is set from the storage position to the exposed position, a spring is provided. The knife portion 2 is pushed into the cover 3 against the elasticity of the member 6 to disengage the lock claw 26 from the first through-hole 44B and to be locked in the second through-hole 44C. When returning from the storage position to the storage position, the lock claw 26 locked to the second through hole 44C is released by the lock release portion 41, and the knife portion 2 is returned to the storage position by the urging of the spring member 6, and the lock claw 26 is moved. The first through hole 44B is locked. A holding portion 47 is provided at the tip of the cover 3 on the side where the blade body 23 is exposed to hold the knife portion 2 and stabilize the blade body.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a knife used in a medical field such as a scalpel for surgery, and more particularly to a medical knife capable of exposing and storing a blade body with one touch.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a medical knife such as a scalpel used for a surgical operation or the like has been used in which a part or the whole is disposable in consideration of hygiene.

  FIG. 26 shows an example of a conventional replaceable blade type medical knife in which only the blade is disposable. As shown in this figure, a replaceable blade type medical knife 80 is used with a blade holder 82 set at the tip of a handle (gripping part) 81 made of titanium alloy or stainless steel. A blade body 83 is fixed to the tip of the blade body holder 82. After use, the blade holder 82 is removed from the handle 81 and discarded. The handle 81 is subjected to cleaning and sterilization processing.

  In the case of such a replaceable blade type medical knife 80, it is necessary to set the blade holder 82 on the handle 81 or to wash and sterilize and disinfect the handle 81 every time it is used, which is troublesome. Further, if the blade body 83 is touched when the blade body holder 82 is attached or detached, there is a possibility that various bacteria may adhere to the blade body 83, or an infectious disease from a pathogen such as a virus or bacteria attached to the blade body 83 after use. There was a risk of causing.

  Therefore, disposable medical knives that are disposable as a whole are also widely used. FIG. 27 shows an example of a disposable medical knife. As shown in this figure, the disposable medical knife 90 includes a handle (gripping part) 91 made of an inexpensive material such as plastic, and a blade body 93 embedded at the tip of the handle 91. . That is, the handle 91 and the blade holder are integrally formed, and the entire medical knife 90 is discarded after use. Such a medical knife 90 has an advantage that it is easy to handle.

  However, in both cases of the medical knives 80 and 90 described above, there is a problem that the blade body is always exposed. In general, when performing a surgical procedure such as surgery, an assistant who assists the surgeon is required in addition to the surgeon. In general, the medical instrument is delivered between the surgeon and the assistant, but if the blade of the medical knife is exposed and exposed, there is a risk of damaging fingers and the like during the delivery. This is a problem that can cause serious situations such as hospital infections as well as injuries.

  Thus, the present inventor has developed a disposable medical knife that can easily expose and store the blade (see Patent Document 1). This medical knife is housed in a state where the blade body is exposed or inside by a knife portion (knife body) provided with a blade body holder for holding the blade body at the tip and a cylindrical member engaged with the knife portion. And a cover (blade cover) that can be locked with respect to the knife portion.

  In this medical knife, when the blade housed in the cover is exposed, first, the knife part is rotated to twist to unlock the cover and the knife part, and then the knife part is axially moved with respect to the cover. Slide to. When the knife portion is slid from the front end of the cover to a specific position where the blade body is exposed, the knife portion is locked to the cover and fixed with the blade body exposed.

  Similarly, when the blade body is housed in the cover, the knife part is rotated to twist, the cover and the knife part are unlocked, and then the knife part is slid in the axial direction with respect to the cover. When the knife portion is slid to a specific position where the blade body is stored in the cover, the knife portion is locked to the cover and fixed in a state where the blade body is stored.

  Thus, the blade body can be exposed and stored by two-step operation of [1] unlocking (rotation operation) and [2] blade body exposure or storage (slide operation).

Japanese Patent No. 4730920

  However, the disposable medical knife capable of exposing and storing the conventional blade has the following problems.

  First, for a surgeon wearing medical gloves and the like, it is troublesome to perform the operation even in the above-described two steps. In particular, [1] The pivoting operation for unlocking requires the knife part to be pivoted with the other hand while holding the cover with one hand, so it cannot be performed with one hand. Is required. Further, the above [1] to [2] are a series of operations, and cannot be performed by the surgeon and the assistant.

  As a result, the assistant delivers the blade to the surgeon after exposing the blade, or the surgeon delivers the blade to the assistant with the blade exposed. The problem of damaging fingers and the like as described above could not be completely solved.

  In view of the above situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a disposable medical knife capable of exposing and storing a blade body with a simple operation with only one hand in use.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention includes a knife portion that holds a blade body at the tip, and a cylindrical cover that can store the blade body of the knife portion, and the blade body is placed in the cover. A medical knife capable of fixing the knife part to a stored storage position and an exposed position where the blade body is exposed from the cover, the knife being locked between the knife part and the cover. A lock claw that further includes a spring member that biases the knife portion from the exposed position toward the storage position, and the knife portion is locked to a through-hole provided in the cover, thereby fixing the knife portion to the cover. And a lock claw support part that elastically supports the lock claw so as to be detachable from the through hole, and the cover includes the first through hole that fixes the knife part to the storage position, Front in the axial direction of the first through hole A second through-hole formed on a side where the blade body is exposed and fixing the knife portion at the exposed position; a tip disposed at a position facing the second through-hole; A lock release portion capable of releasing the locking state of the lock claw, and a hold portion provided at a tip of the cover on the side where the blade body is exposed, and holding the exposed portion of the knife portion to stabilize the blade body When the knife portion is set from the storage position to the exposed position, the lock claw is pushed by pushing the knife portion from the cover in a direction to expose the blade body against the elasticity of the spring member. Is detached from the first through-hole, and the lock claw is locked to the second through-hole by the elasticity of the lock claw support, and the knife portion is returned from the exposed position to the storage position. , By the unlocking part The lock claw latched in the second through hole is detached, the knife portion is returned to the storage position by urging the spring member, and the lock claw is moved to the first position by the elasticity of the lock claw support portion. The third through hole that is locked to the through hole, and the cover locks the lock claw at a position different from the storage position by the first through hole, and fixes the knife portion at the storage position. When the blade body is exposed from the cover, the lock claw locked in the third through hole is detached and locked in the first through hole, and then the second Provided is a medical knife characterized by being locked to the through hole .

Further, a lock claw guide groove is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cover so that the lock claw can be released from the through hole only in a specific direction and guides the movement of the lock claw in the cover. being the third through-holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the first through hole, fixing the knife portion at a position rotated in the circumferential direction from the retracted position by said first through holes The lock claw guide groove is formed from the first through hole to the third through hole, and restricts movement of the lock claw to other than between the first through hole and the third through hole. It is characterized by that.

Alternatively, a lock claw guide groove is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cover so that the lock claw can be released from the through hole only in a specific direction and guides the movement of the lock claw in the cover. The lock claw guide groove is formed from the first through hole to the second through hole, and the third through hole rotates in the circumferential direction from the storage position by the first through hole. It is characterized by being formed in an L shape comprising a hole extending in the axial direction from the moved position and a circumferential hole extending to the lock claw guide groove.

  Further, the cover is movable along the axial direction on a movable portion guide hole formed along the axial direction of the cover and an inner peripheral surface of an end portion of the cover on the side where the blade body is exposed. A guide part, and the knife part further includes a movable part that holds the blade body at a tip thereof, and an elastic support part that elastically supports the movable part, and the movable part is provided with the movable part. A protrusion that engages with the guide hole, an angular displacement portion that can engage with the movable portion guide groove and has a sliding contact surface that contacts the inner peripheral surface of the cover or the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove; and the protrusion An abutting surface that abuts against a corner portion that is a lower end of the movable body guide hole on the blade body exposure side, and the sliding surface of the angular displacement portion has the locking claw as the first through hole. To the second through hole, the inner peripheral surface of the cover or the A reference surface in contact with the bottom surface of the moving portion guide groove and the movable portion at a different angle from the reference surface in contact with the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove when the lock claw is locked in the second through hole. An inclined surface formed at an angle different from that of the reference surface so that the portion holds the blade body, and the movable portion hits a corner portion of the movable portion guide hole at the abutting surface In addition, the contact point between the corner portion and the abutting surface is pivoted until the inclined surface contacts the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove.

  According to the medical knife of the present invention, it is possible to expose and store the blade body by a simple operation with only one hand. Therefore, the surgeon and the assistant can deliver the medical knife in a state where the blade body is stored, and it is possible to safely perform a surgical procedure using the medical knife.

1 is an overall schematic view of a medical knife according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of the knife part of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the knife part of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the external appearance of the cover main body of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cover main body of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the cover main body of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of the guide member of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the guide member of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the engagement state of the guide member and lock claw of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the detail of each state of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is the whole medical knife schematic diagram concerning a second embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of the knife part of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of the movable part of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a figure explaining the mechanism in which the angle of a blade changes about the operation | movement at the time of exposure operation of the blade body in the medical knife shown in FIG. 11, and storage operation. It is a schematic diagram which shows the external appearance of the cover main body of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cover main body of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is the whole medical knife schematic diagram concerning a third embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of the knife part of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the knife part of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of the cover of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the cover of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram (the 1) which shows each state of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram (the 2) which shows each state of the medical knife shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows each state from the accommodation lock state of the medical knife shown in FIG. 17 to an exposure lock state. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example of the blade body shape applied to the medical knife of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the external appearance of the conventional medical knife (the 1). It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the external appearance of the conventional medical knife (the 2).

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Hereinafter, for convenience, the side on which the blade of the medical knife is located is referred to as an exposed side, and the side on which the shaft is located is referred to as a storage side.

[First embodiment]
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of a medical knife according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a state in which the blade body is housed in the cover (operation lock state), and FIG. 1B is a perspective view of a state in which the blade body is housed in the cover (storage lock state). FIG.1 (c) has shown the perspective view of the state (exposure lock state) which exposed the blade body from the cover.

  FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing details of each state of the medical knife. 10A is a schematic cross-sectional view in the operation lock state, FIG. 10B is a schematic cross-sectional view in the storage lock state, and FIG. 10C is a schematic cross-sectional view in the exposure lock state.

  As shown in these drawings, the medical knife 1 of the present embodiment includes a knife part 2 having a blade body 23 at the tip, a cylindrical cover 3 that can cover a part of the knife part 2, and a knife part. 2 and a spring member 6 engaged between the cover 3 and the cover 3.

  The medical knife 1 can fix the knife part 2 to the cover 3 in the three states shown in FIG. That is, the operation lock state in which the knife part 2 cannot be pushed in with the knife part 2 retracted (FIG. 1A), and the knife part 2 is pushed in with the knife part 2 retracted. There are three states: a storage lock state in which the blade body can be exposed (FIG. 1B), and an exposure lock state in which the knife portion 2 is exposed from the cover 3 (FIG. 1C). Details of these states will be described later.

  Next, the configuration of each part of the medical knife 1 will be described in detail.

(Knife part 2)
2 and 3 schematically show the knife portion 2. FIG. 2A is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 2B is a front view thereof. Moreover, FIG.2 (c) is the sectional view on the AA line in Fig.2 (a). FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the knife portion 2.

  As shown in these drawings, the knife section 2 includes a shaft body 21 formed in a rod shape, a blade body holding section 22 that holds the blade body 23, a blade body 23, and the shaft body 21 and the blade body holding section 22. And a lock part (lock claw support part 25, lock claw 26) provided on the connection part 24. The knife portion 2 is preferably integrally formed of resin except for the blade body 23, and the blade body 23 is embedded in a predetermined position.

  The shaft body 21 is a portion that is pushed (knocked) when the blade body 23 is exposed from the cover 3, and has a moderately long shape. The blade body holding portion 22 connected to the shaft body 21 via the connection portion 24 holds the blade body 23 at the end. Further, the spring member 6 is disposed on the outer periphery of the blade holder 22 on the storage side.

  The blade body 23 is made of a material used for a general medical knife such as stainless steel. Here, a pointed blade with a pointed shape is illustrated as an example, but various shapes of the blade body 23 as shown in FIG. 25 are applicable. 25A shows a fan-shaped blade body 23a, FIG. 25B shows a round blade body 23b, and FIG. 25C shows a triangular blade body 23c.

  In the first embodiment, when the blade body 23 is exposed, an example in which the blade faces the side opposite to the lock release portion 41 of the cover 3 described later is illustrated. You can change the direction.

  The connection portion 24 is a portion that connects the shaft body 21 and the blade body holding portion 22, and a spring locking portion 27 that locks the spring member 6 is formed at the boundary between the connection portion 24 and the blade body holding portion 22. Has been. Further, a lock portion is disposed on the connection portion 24.

  The lock portion includes a lock claw support portion 25 having a shape that protrudes obliquely outward with respect to the axis of the knife portion 2 and a lock claw 26 that is a protrusion provided at the tip of the lock claw support portion 25. . The lock claw support portion 25 can be displaced in the direction indicated by the arrow a in FIG. 3, and when pressed inward (axial side), the lock claw 26 is moved to the outside of the cover main body 4, which will be described later, by an elastic force that tends to return outward. Lock in each lock hole.

(Cover 3)
As shown in FIG. 1, the cover 3 is a substantially cylindrical exterior body through which the knife portion 2 is inserted, and includes a cover main body 4 and a guide member 5 that fits into the cover main body 4. Both the cover body 4 and the guide member 5 are preferably made of resin molding.

  An outline of the cover body 4 is shown in FIGS. 4A is a plan view thereof, FIG. 4B is a front view thereof, and FIG. 4C is a rear view thereof. 5A is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 4A, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. 4B. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the cover body 4.

  As shown in these drawings, the cover body 4 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and a lock release portion 41 is formed on the storage side.

  The unlocking portion 41 includes an operation portion 42 formed like a cantilever on the outside of the cylindrical portion of the cover body 4 and a protrusion 43 provided on the inner side of the distal end of the operation portion 42. The operation unit 42 is manually operated in the direction of an arrow b in FIG. 4B to release a lock claw 26 that is locked in an exposure lock hole 44C described later to release the lock.

  The cover body 4 is provided with a lock hole 44 for engaging the lock claw 26 of the knife portion 2. The lock holes 44 are respectively an operation lock hole (third through hole) 44A for fixing the knife part 2 in the operation lock state, and a storage lock hole (first penetration) for fixing the knife part 2 in the storage lock state. 44B, and an exposure lock hole (second through hole) 44C for fixing the knife portion 2 in the exposure lock state.

  The storage lock hole 44B is disposed inside the lock release portion 41 and at a position where there is no influence even if the operation portion 42 is operated. The operation lock hole 44A is arranged with a predetermined angle (preferably 60 ° to 90 °) shifted in the circumferential direction with respect to the storage lock hole 44B. The exposure lock hole 44C is positioned on the same straight line in the axial direction with respect to the storage lock hole 44B, and is disposed to face the protrusion 43 of the lock release portion 41.

  Further, a fixing hole 45 for fixing the guide member 5 is provided in the vicinity of the storage side end of the cover body 4. Further, a spring locking portion 46 for locking the spring member 6 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cover body 4.

  A holding portion 47 that stabilizes the blade body 23 is provided at the exposed end portion of the cover body 4 by holding the knife portion 2 when the blade body 23 is exposed. The holding part 47 is composed of a plurality of (in this example, two) clamping pieces 48 extending from the exposed end of the cover body 4. The sandwiching piece 48 is formed with a convex portion 49 that protrudes inward. In this way, by holding the vicinity of the tip of the knife part 2 with the clamping piece 48, the blade 23 is prevented from being shaken or rattling during use.

  In order to more reliably prevent blurring and rattling with respect to the holding portion 47 when the blade body 23 is used, as described above, in the plurality of sandwiching pieces 48 extending from the exposed end portion of the cover body 4. In addition to providing the convex portion 49 projecting inward, a convex portion (not shown) for holding the blade body 23 is also provided on the inner side of the cover main body, and the convex portion 49 of the holding portion 47 and the inner side of the cover main body are provided. By reliably supporting the blade body 23 with respect to the holding portion 47 by the convex portion provided on the holding portion 47, it is possible to completely prevent the blade body 23 from shaking or rattling with respect to the holding portion 47 during use. .

  Moreover, in the said Example, although the holding part 47 showed the example which hold | suppresses the knife part 2 from the back side and blade side of the blade body 23, the side part etc. of the blade body 23 etc. may be hold | suppressed. In addition, although two clamping pieces 48 are illustrated here as an example, a configuration in which the tip of the knife portion 2 is sandwiched between two or more clamping pieces 48 may be employed.

  7 to 9 show an outline of the guide member 5. 7A is a plan view thereof, FIG. 7B is a front view thereof, and FIG. 7C is a right side view thereof. FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the guide member 5. Further, FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the engagement state of the guide member 5 and the lock portion of the knife portion 2, FIG. 9 (a) is the operation lock state, and FIG. 9 (b) is the guide member 5 in the storage lock state. The knife part 2 is shown.

  The guide member 5 is a member for forming a groove for guiding the lock claw 26 of the knife portion 2 inside the cover 3, is configured in a substantially cylindrical shape, and is fitted into the storage side end portion of the cover body 4. Is fixed.

  Two fixing parts 51 that can be displaced in the direction of arrow c in FIG. The fixing portion 51 is provided with a convex portion 52, and the guide member 5 is fixed to the cover main body 4 by fitting the convex portion 52 of the fixing portion 51 into the fixing hole 45 of the cover main body 4.

  Furthermore, a substantially L-shaped lock claw guide hole 53 is formed in the guide member 5. The lock claw guide hole 53 allows the lock claw 26 to be unlocked only in a specific direction from the lock hole 44 when the guide member 5 is attached to the cover body 4, and guides the lock claw 26 within the cover 3. To act as a groove.

  As shown in the drawing, the guide hole 53 includes a guide hole 53A formed in the circumferential direction of the cover 3 and a guide hole 53B formed in the axial direction. The guide hole 53A formed in the circumferential direction becomes a circumferential lock claw guide groove in the cover 3, and guides the movement of the lock claw 26 between the operation lock hole 44A and the storage lock hole 44B. Further, the guide hole 53B formed in the axial direction becomes an axial lock claw guide groove in the cover 3, and guides part of the movement of the lock claw 26 between the storage lock hole 44B and the exposure lock hole 44C. .

  In the above description, the lock claw guide groove is easily formed in the cover 3 and the cover 3 is composed of the cover body 4 and the guide member 5 in order to prevent the knife part 2 from coming off from the cover 3. These may be integrally formed (see a third embodiment described later as an example).

(Spring member 6)
As shown in FIG. 10, the spring member 6 is constituted by a coil spring, and is disposed between the spring locking portion 27 of the knife portion 2 and the spring locking portion 46 of the cover body 4. When the blade body 23 is exposed [FIG. 10C], the spring member 6 is compressed between the spring locking portions 27 and 46, and the knife portion 2 is urged toward the storage side of the blade body 23. doing.

(Exposure operation and storage operation)
Next, details of the exposure operation and the storage operation of the blade body 23 in the medical knife 1 having the above-described configuration will be described.

(1) Operation lock state The medical knife 1 is packaged in the operation lock state shown in FIG. In this operation lock state, since the lock claw 26 is locked in the operation lock hole 44A and the movement of the knife part 2 in the axial direction is restricted, the knife part 2 can be operated even if the shaft body 21 of the knife part 2 is pushed. Does not move. Therefore, the blade body 23 is safe without being inadvertently exposed.

(2) From the operation lock state to the storage lock state When using the medical knife 1, first, the axis of the knife part 2 is set so that the lock claw 26 locked to the operation lock hole 44A faces the storage lock hole 44B. The body 21 is rotated with respect to the cover 3. Then, the lock claw 26 elastically supported by the lock claw support portion 25 separates from the operation lock hole 44A along the lock claw guide groove and enters the inside of the cover 3. The lock claw guide groove is formed in the circumferential direction from the operation lock hole 44A to the storage lock hole 44B inside the cover 3, and when the lock claw 26 reaches the storage lock hole 44B by being guided by the guide groove, the lock claw guide groove is formed. The lock claw 26 is locked in the storage lock hole 44B by the elasticity of the support portion 25 (FIG. 10B; storage lock state).

(3) From the storage lock state to the exposure lock state In the storage lock state shown in FIG. 10B, the blade body 23 is stored in the cover 3, but if the knife portion 2 is pushed in, the blade body 23 is exposed. It is possible. In use, the shaft body 21 of the knife portion 2 is pushed into the cover 3 in the exposure direction against the elasticity of the spring member 6. Then, the lock claw 26 held in the storage lock hole 44B is detached along the lock claw guide groove and enters the inside of the cover 3, and when reaching the exposed lock hole 44C, the lock claw support portion 25 elastically locks the claw. 26 is locked in the exposure lock hole 44C [FIG. 10 (c); exposure lock state]. At this time, the blade body 23 is locked in a state of being exposed from the cover 3, and the blade body holding portion 22 of the knife portion 2 is sandwiched by the holding portion 47 of the cover body 4 to stabilize the blade body 23. The medical knife 1 is used for a surgical operation or the like in this exposure lock state.

  At this time, the spring member 6 is locked and compressed between the spring locking portion 27 of the knife portion 2 and the spring locking portion 46 of the cover body 4, so that the knife portion 2 is retracted. Energized.

(4) From the exposure lock state to the storage lock state To release the lock from the exposure lock state where the blade body 23 is exposed and return to the storage lock state where the blade body 23 is stored, the lock release unit 41 is operated. That is, the operation part 42 of the lock release part 41 is pressed to the cylindrical part side of the cover body 4. Then, the protrusion 43 provided on the back surface of the operation unit 42 presses the lock claw 26 engaged with the exposure lock hole 44C to release it from the exposure lock hole 44C. When the lock claw 26 is detached from the exposure lock hole 44C, the spring member 6 pushes the knife portion 2 back to the storage side until the lock claw 26 is locked in the storage lock hole 44B, and the medical knife 1 returns to the storage lock state.

(5) From the storage lock state to the operation lock state After the medical knife 1 is used, it can be disposed of when it is returned to the storage lock state as shown in (4) above, but again for the sake of safety. You may return to the operation lock state. To return to the operation lock state, contrary to the above (2), the shaft body 21 of the knife portion 2 is attached to the cover 3 so that the lock claw 26 locked to the storage lock hole 44B is directed to the operation lock hole 44A. Rotate against. Then, the lock claw 26 is detached from the storage lock hole 44B along the lock claw guide groove, enters the inside of the cover 3, and reaches the operation lock hole 44A along the circumferential lock claw guide groove. Then, the lock claw 26 is engaged with the operation lock hole 44A by the elasticity of the lock claw support portion 25, and the operation lock state is established.

  Thus, in the medical knife 1 of the present invention, if the operation lock state is released and the storage knife is in the storage lock state, the blade body 23 is exposed only by pushing the shaft body 21 of the knife portion 2 into the cover 3, The blade body 23 can be housed only by an operation of pressing the lock release portion 41. Both of these operations are simple operations that can be performed with one action with only one hand. Therefore, when the assistant releases the operation lock state and hands the medical knife 1 to the surgeon, the surgeon and the assistant can perform delivery while the blade body 23 is stored. The used surgical procedure can be performed safely.

  The basic configuration of the medical knife 1 according to the present embodiment has been described so far, but the medical knife 101 may be configured by adding a mechanism for displacing the exposed blade angle to the basic configuration. The configuration will be described in detail below.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 11 is an overall schematic view of a medical knife according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 11A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the operation lock state, FIG. 11B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the storage lock state, and FIG. 11C is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transition from the storage lock state to the exposure lock state. FIG. 11D is a schematic cross-sectional view in the exposure lock state. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part same as 1st embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in these drawings, the medical knife 101 to which the angular displacement mechanism of the blade is added is used when the blade is stored [FIGS. 11 (a) and (b)] and when exposed (FIG. 11 (d)). The blade angle is different. Thus, by inclining and fixing the angle of the blade body with respect to the axis, incision or the like at an angle or position that is difficult to visually recognize can be facilitated.

  A medical knife 101 having such an angular displacement mechanism includes a knife portion 102 having a blade body at the tip, a cylindrical cover 103 capable of covering a part of the knife 102, and between the knife portion 102 and the cover 103. And an engaging spring member 106.

(Knife part 102)
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing an outline of the knife portion 102, FIG. 12 (a) is a plan view thereof, FIG. 12 (b) is a front view thereof, and FIG. 12 (c) is a bottom view thereof. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of the movable part of the knife part 102, FIG. 13 (a) is a perspective view thereof, and FIG. 13 (b) is a front view thereof.

  As shown in these drawings, the knife portion 102 connects the shaft body 21 formed in a rod shape, the movable portion 122 that holds the blade body 23, the blade body 23, the shaft body 21, and the elastic support portion 124. The connection portion 24, the elastic support portion 124 that elastically supports the movable portion 122, the lock portions (lock claw support portion 25, lock claw 26) provided on the connection portion 24, and the spring mechanism for locking the spring member 106 The stop part 27 is comprised.

  The elastic support portion 124 is a member that transmits the movement of the shaft body 21 in the axial direction to the movable portion 122 while being freely deformed with respect to torsion and push / pull. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 12, it is formed in a thin plate shape that is slightly bent (or curved) and twisted in the circumferential direction applied to the shaft body 21 at the time of operation lock or the like. To maintain the posture of the movable portion 122 (see FIG. 11A). Further, when the blade body 23 is stored and exposed, the movement of the shaft body 21 in the axial direction is transmitted to the movable portion 122, and the movable portion 122 is allowed to rotate by bending or extending.

  The movable part 122 is disposed at the tip of the elastic support part 124, and holds the blade body 23 at the exposed end part thereof. FIG. 13 shows the movable portion 122 in an enlarged manner. As shown in the figure, the movable portion 122 is provided with a protruding portion 128 that engages with a movable portion guide hole 147 of the cover 103 described later. The protruding portion 128 is formed with an abutting surface 128A that abuts the exposed lower end portion (corner portion) 147A of the movable portion guide hole 147 on the exposed side.

  Further, on the opposite side of the projecting portion 128, it engages with a movable portion guide groove 148 of the cover 103, which will be described later, and guides the progress of the movable portion 122 together with the projecting portion 128 and determines the posture (angle) of the movable portion 122. An angular displacement portion 129 is projected. Sliding contact surfaces 129 </ b> A and 129 </ b> B that are in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cover 103 or the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove 148 are formed in the angular displacement portion 129.

  The sliding contact surface (reference surface) 129 </ b> A is a surface that is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cover 103 or the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove 148 while the movable portion 122 is in the exposure locked state from the storage locked state of the blade body 23. The angle of the slidable contact surface 129 </ b> A becomes a reference angle of the movable portion 122 (an angle during storage).

  On the other hand, the slidable contact surface (inclined surface) 129 </ b> B is a surface that contacts the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove 148 when the blade body 23 is in the exposure lock state. As shown in FIG. 13B, the sliding contact surface 129B is formed with a predetermined angle θ (here, 10 degrees as an example) with respect to the reference sliding contact surface 129A. Therefore, when the sliding contact surface 129B comes into contact with the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove 148, the movable portion 122 is inclined by θ degrees, and the angle of the blade body 23 is also displaced by θ degrees (see FIG. 14).

  In the second embodiment, when the blade body 23 is exposed, the blade body 23 bends toward the unlocking portion 41 side of the cover 103 and the blade faces the unlocking portion 41 side. The direction in which the angle of the blade body 23 is displaced and the direction of the blade may be appropriately changed according to the method of use, the part to be used, and the like.

(Cover 103)
As shown in FIG. 11, the cover 103 is a substantially cylindrical exterior body through which the knife portion 102 is inserted, and includes a cover main body 104 and a guide member 5 fitted into the cover main body 104. Since the guide member 5 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted here.

  15 and 16 show an outline of the cover body 104. FIG. FIG. 15A is a plan view thereof, FIG. 15B is a front view thereof, and FIG. 15C is a rear view thereof. 16A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG. 15A, and FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE in FIG. 15B.

  As shown in these drawings, the cover main body 104 is a substantially cylindrical member, and is preferably formed by resin molding. The cover main body 104 includes an operation portion 42 formed in a cantilever shape on the outer side of the cylindrical portion of the cover main body 104, a lock releasing portion 41 including a protrusion 43 provided on the inner end of the operation portion 42, and an operation lock hole 44A. The lock hole 44 including the storage lock hole 44 </ b> B and the exposure lock hole 44 </ b> C, the fixing hole 45 for fixing the guide member 5, and the spring engaging portion 27 of the knife portion 102 at the exposed end of the cover body 104. The spring engaging portion 146 for engaging the spring member 106, the movable portion guide hole 147 engaged with the protruding portion 128 of the knife portion 102, and the movable portion guide engaged with the angular displacement portion 129 of the knife portion 102. And a groove 148.

  The spring locking portion 146 protrudes from the inner peripheral surface of the cover main body 104 and locks the spring member 106.

  The movable part guide hole 147 is a long hole formed along the axial direction on the exposed side of the cover main body 104, and engages with a protruding part 128 provided in the movable part 122 of the knife part 102 to be exposed and stored. Guiding the advancement and retraction of the movable part 122 during operation

  The movable portion guide groove 148 is a long groove formed on the inner peripheral surface near the exposed end of the cover body 104, and the angular displacement portion 129 provided on the movable portion 122 of the knife portion 102 can be engaged with the movable portion guide groove 148. Similar to the guide hole 147, it guides the advance and retreat of the movable portion 122 during exposure and storage operations.

  A holding portion 47 that stabilizes the blade body 23 by holding the knife portion 102 while the blade body 23 is exposed is provided at the exposed end of the cover body 104. The holding part 47 is composed of a plurality of (in this example, two) clamping pieces 48 extending from the exposed end of the cover body 104, and the clamping piece 48 is formed with a convex part 49 projecting inward. Has been. Here, an example is shown in which the knife portion 102 is sandwiched from the side so as not to hinder the movement of the movable portion 122 in which the sandwiching piece 48 rotates.

(Spring member 106)
As shown in FIG. 11, the spring member 106 is configured by a coil spring, and is disposed between the spring locking portion 27 of the knife portion 102 and the spring locking portion 146 of the cover main body 104. When the blade body 23 is exposed [FIG. 11D], the spring member 106 is compressed between the spring locking portions 27 and 146 to urge the knife portion 102 toward the storage side of the blade body 23. ing.

(Angular displacement mode)
Operations during the exposure operation and the storage operation of the blade body 23 in the medical knife 101 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 14. In addition, since the lock | rock aspect of the knife part 102 and the cover 103 is the same as that of the said 1st embodiment, it has already demonstrated, Therefore Here, it demonstrates focusing on a structure and operation | movement of an angle displacement mechanism.

(1) Operation Lock State As shown in FIG. 11A, in the operation lock state of the medical knife 101, the lock claw 26 is engaged with the operation lock hole 44A and the axial movement of the knife portion 102 is restricted. Therefore, even if the shaft body 21 of the knife part 102 is pushed in, the knife part 102 does not move.

  At this time, the movable portion 122 of the knife portion 102 is accommodated in the cover 103 in a state where the elastic support portion 124 is twisted because the protruding portion 128 fits into the movable portion guide hole 147 of the cover 103 and cannot rotate.

  At this time, the movable portion 122 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cover 103 at the sliding contact surface 129 </ b> A of the angular displacement portion 129. Therefore, the movable part 122 is accommodated in the cover 103 at a reference angle.

(2) From the operation lock state to the storage lock state When the medical knife 101 is used, the shaft body 21 of the knife portion 102 is arranged so that the lock claw 26 engaged with the operation lock hole 44A faces the storage lock hole 44B. Is rotated with respect to the cover 103. Then, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), the lock claw 26 is detached from the operation lock hole 44A along the lock claw guide groove, and is guided by the lock claw guide groove to be engaged with the storage lock hole 44B. Further, the twist of the elastic support portion 124 is eliminated as the shaft body 21 rotates. The posture of the movable part 122 is not different from the operation locked state.

(3) From the storage lock state to the exposure lock state When the blade body 23 of the medical knife 101 is exposed, the shaft body 21 of the knife portion 102 is pushed into the cover 103 against the elasticity of the spring member 106 in the exposure direction. . Then, the lock claw 26 that is locked in the storage lock hole 44B is detached along the lock claw guide groove, and when it reaches the exposure lock hole 44C, it is locked in the exposure lock hole 44C. At this time, the blade body 23 is locked in a state of being exposed from the cover 103, and the movable portion 122 is held by the holding portion 47 of the cover main body 104 to stabilize the blade body 23.

  On the other hand, when the shaft body 21 of the knife part 102 is pushed into the cover 103 in the exposure direction, the movable part 122 of the knife part 102 remains on the sliding surface 129A while the protruding part 128 is engaged with the movable part guide hole 147. It slides to the exposed side while contacting the inner peripheral surface of the cover 103.

  When the movable portion 122 slides to the movable portion guide groove 148, the angular displacement portion 129 enters the movable portion guide groove 148, and the sliding contact surface 129A contacts the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove 148. When the movable portion 122 further slides, the abutting surface 128A of the projecting portion 128 abuts against the corner portion 147A of the movable portion guide hole 147.

  FIG. 11C and FIG. 14A illustrate a state in which the abutting surface 128A of the projecting portion 128 has abutted against the corner portion 147A of the movable portion guide hole 147. FIG. Up to this point, since the sliding surface 129A of the angular displacement portion 129 is in contact with the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove 148, the movable portion 122 maintains the reference angle.

  When the movable portion 122 further slides to the exposed side from the state shown in FIG. 11C and FIG. 14A, the movable portion 122 is in sliding contact with the corner portion 147A at the abutment surface 128A that abuts against the corner portion 147A. Then, it gradually turns upward in FIG. 14 using the contact point with the corner portion 147A as a fulcrum. In accordance with this rotation, the angular displacement portion 129 also rotates while slidably contacting the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove 148. When the slidable contact surface 129B and the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove 148 contact each other, the angle of the movable portion 122 becomes θ relative to the reference. It is inclined by 10 degrees (here 10 degrees as an example). The arrangement of the lock portion of the knife portion 102 and the lock hole 44 of the cover 103 is adjusted so that the knife portion 102 can be locked to the cover 103 at a position where the sliding contact surface 129B and the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove 148 are in contact. . As described above, in the exposure lock state, the medical knife 101 can be obtained in which the blade body 23 is fixed in a state inclined by θ degrees from the reference [FIG. 11 (d), FIG. 14 (b)].

  At this time, the spring member 106 is locked between the spring locking portion 27 of the knife portion 102 and the spring locking portion 146 of the cover main body 104 and is thus compressed. Energized.

(4) From exposure lock state to storage lock state To release the lock from the exposure lock state where the blade body 23 is exposed and return to the storage lock state, the lock release portion 41 is operated and the projection 43 has an exposure lock hole 44C. Then, the lock claw 26 is released. Then, the spring member 106 pushes the knife portion 102 back to the storage side until the lock claw 26 is locked in the storage lock hole 44C, and the medical knife 101 returns to the storage lock state.

  At this time, the movable portion 122 rotates in the opposite direction to that of the exposure as the knife portion 102 is retracted to the storage side, and the angle of the blade body 23 when the sliding contact surface 129A and the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove 148 contact each other. Returns to the reference angle. When the knife portion 102 is further retracted, the angular displacement portion 129 is detached from the movable portion guide groove 148 and returns to the storage lock state of FIG. 11B while slidingly contacting the inner peripheral surface of the cover 103 with the sliding contact surface 129A.

(5) From the storage lock state to the operation lock state In order to return the medical knife 101 to the operation lock state, the lock claw 26 engaged with the storage lock hole 44B is directed to the operation lock hole 44A. The shaft body 21 is rotated with respect to the cover 103. Then, the lock claw 26 is detached from the storage lock hole 44B along the lock claw guide groove, and is engaged with the operation lock hole 44A. As the shaft body 21 rotates, the elastic support portion 124 is twisted. The posture of the movable part 122 is not different from the storage locked state.

  Thus, in the medical knife 101 of the present embodiment, the angle of the blade body at the time of exposure can be displaced with a simple configuration, and a medical knife with good visibility even in a treatment part that is difficult to see with a normal medical knife. 101. Further, if the operation lock state is released to the storage lock state, the blade body 23 is exposed only by pushing the shaft body 21 of the knife portion 102 into the cover 103, and only the operation of pressing the lock release portion 41 is performed. The body 23 can be stored. Both of these operations are simple operations that can be performed with one action with only one hand. Therefore, when the assistant releases the operation lock state and hands the medical knife 101 to the surgeon, the surgeon and the assistant can perform delivery with the blade body 23 stored. The used surgical procedure can be performed safely.

  In the above description, for the sake of safety, the medical knives 1 and 101 that can be in the operation lock state in which the blade body exposure operation is locked have been described. However, if the storage lock state and the exposure lock state can be set, the medical knife is sufficient. The operation lock hole 44A and the circumferential lock claw guide hole 53A (lock claw guide groove) are omitted, and the knife portion can be moved only in the axial direction so that the storage lock state and the exposure lock state can be set. It is good as a knife. In this case, the medical knife is packaged in the storage lock state and used for use.

  On the other hand, in the case of the first and second embodiments, since the operation lock state can be released by a very simple operation of simply rotating the shaft body 21 of the knife portions 2 and 102, it is possible to carry out the transportation or package. There is a risk that the operation lock state may be released at an unexpected stage, such as when opening. Therefore, for the sake of safety, a medical knife 201 in which the number of operations is increased only when the operation lock state is released while the exposure operation of the blade body 23 remains as one action will be described below.

[Third embodiment]
FIG. 17 is an overall schematic diagram of a medical knife according to an embodiment of the present invention. 17A is a perspective view of the first operation lock state, FIG. 17B is a perspective view of the second operation lock state, FIG. 17C is a perspective view of the storage lock state, and FIG. Shows a perspective view of the exposure lock state. In addition, below, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part same as 1st embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in these drawings, in the medical knife 201 according to the present embodiment, there are two types of operation lock states (a first operation lock state and a second operation lock state). That is, the blade body 23 cannot be exposed unless the storage lock state is entered from the first operation lock state through the second operation lock state. For this reason, unexpected exposure of the blade can be prevented.

  The medical knife 201 includes a knife part 202 having a blade body 23 at the tip, a cylindrical cover 203 that can cover a part of the knife part 202, and a spring member 206 that engages between the knife part 202 and the cover 203. (See FIG. 24).

(Knife 202)
18 and 19 schematically show the knife section 202. FIG. FIG. 18A is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 18B is a front view thereof. Moreover, FIG.18 (c) is the FF sectional view taken on the line in Fig.18 (a). FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the knife portion 202.

  As shown in these drawings, the knife section 202 includes a shaft body 21 formed in a rod shape, a blade body holding section 22 that holds the blade body 23, a blade body 23, and the shaft body 21 and the blade body holding section 22. And a lock portion (lock claw support portion 25, lock claw 26) provided on the connection portion 24, and a spring locking portion 27 for locking the spring member 206. Yes.

  In the third embodiment, an example in which the protrusion 25A is formed on the side opposite to the side on which the lock claw 26 of the lock claw support 25 is formed is shown. The protrusion 25A abuts on the inner side of the cover 203 to restrict the movable range of the lock portion to a certain range.

(Cover 203)
20 and 21 schematically show the cover 203. FIG. FIG. 20A is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 20B is a front view thereof. 20C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line GG in FIG. 20A, and FIG. 20D is a cross-sectional view taken along the line H-H in FIG. FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the cover 203.

  As shown in these drawings, the cover 203 is a substantially cylindrical exterior body through which the knife portion 202 is inserted, and an operation portion 42 formed in a cantilever shape outside the cylindrical portion of the cover 203 and the operation portion. 42 is engaged with the lock claw 26 of the knife part 202, the lock release part 41 formed of the protrusion 43 provided on the inner side of the tip 42, the lock hole 244 including the operation lock hole 244A, the storage lock hole 244B, and the exposure lock hole 244C. A spring locking portion 46 for locking the spring member 206 between the locking claw guide groove 245 and the spring locking portion 27 of the knife portion 202 at the exposed end of the cover 203, and when the blade body 23 is exposed. And a holding portion 47 that holds and holds the knife portion 202.

  The lock hole 244 is a through-hole that locks the lock claw 26 of the knife portion 202, and each of the lock holes 244 is an operation lock hole (first lock) for fixing the knife portion 202 in the first operation lock state and the second operation lock state. Three through holes) 244A, a storage lock hole (first through hole) 244B for fixing the knife portion 202 in the storage lock state, and an exposure lock hole (second through hole) for fixing the knife portion 202 in the exposure lock state. (Through-hole) 244C.

  The operation lock hole 244A is a through-hole formed in an L shape as shown in FIG. 20A, and the X portion drilled in the axial direction of the cover 203 and the Y drilled in the circumferential direction of the cover 203. It consists of parts. It is preferable that the storage side end portion of the X portion is disposed at a position shifted by a predetermined angle in the circumferential direction with respect to the storage lock hole 244B. The Y portion is formed from the storage lock hole 244B toward the lock claw guide groove 245 between the exposure lock holes 244C.

  The storage lock hole 244B and the exposure lock hole 244C are the same as the storage lock hole 24B and the exposure lock hole 24C of the first embodiment, and a description thereof is omitted here.

  The lock claw guide groove 245 is a groove provided at least on the inner side of the cover 203 from the storage lock hole 244B to the exposure lock hole 244C. When the lock claw 26 of the knife portion 202 enters the inside of the cover 3, the lock claw guide groove 245 is locked. Engage with the claw 26 to guide its movement. As described above, since the Y portion of the operation lock hole 244A is formed from the storage lock hole 244B toward the lock claw guide groove 245 between the exposure lock holes 244C, the lock claw guide groove 245 is formed in the operation lock hole 244A. The lock claw 26 is guided from the Y portion to the storage lock hole 244B and further between the storage lock hole 244B and the exposure lock hole 244C.

(Spring member 206)
The spring member 206 is configured by a coil spring as shown in FIG. 24, and is disposed between the spring locking portion 27 of the knife portion 202 and the spring locking portion 46 of the cover 203. When the blade body 23 is exposed (FIG. 17D), the spring member 206 is compressed between the spring locking portions 27 and 46, and the knife portion 202 is biased toward the storage side of the blade body 23. doing.

(Exposure operation and storage operation)
Next, details of the exposure operation and the storage operation of the blade body 23 in the medical knife 201 having the above-described configuration will be described.

(1) First Operation Lock State As shown in FIG. 22A, in the first operation lock state of the medical knife 201, the lock claw 26 is engaged with the operation lock hole 244A and the X side is stored. In the state of being at the end portion, the knife portion 202 is pushed back by the elasticity of the spring member 206 even if the shaft body 21 is pushed.

(2) From the first operation lock state to the second operation lock state When the medical knife 201 is used, first, the lock claw 26 at the end of the operation lock hole 244A on the X portion storage side is the operation lock hole 244A. After the shaft body 21 of the knife part 202 is pushed in so as to go to the Y part, it is rotated. The lock claw 26 moves along the shape of the operation lock hole 244A and is locked to the Y portion as shown in FIG. This state is the second operation lock state, in which the lock claw 26 is engaged with the Y portion of the operation lock hole 244A and the movement of the knife portion 202 in the axial direction is restricted. Therefore, even if the shaft body 21 of the knife part 202 is pushed in, the knife part 202 does not move. At this time, since the spring member 206 is locked and compressed between the spring locking portion 27 of the knife portion 202 and the spring locking portion 46 of the cover 203, the spring member 206 is biased in the direction in which the knife portion 202 is stored. doing.

(3) From the second operation lock state to the storage lock state Next, the shaft body 21 of the knife portion 202 is moved so that the lock claw 26 locked to the Y portion of the operation lock hole 244A faces the lock claw guide groove 245. The cover 203 is rotated. Then, the lock claw 26 is detached from the operation lock hole 244 </ b> A, enters the cover 203, and engages with the lock claw guide groove 245. Then, when the knife member 202 is pushed back in the storing direction by the biasing force of the spring member 206, and the lock claw 26 is guided by the lock claw guide groove 245 and reaches the storage lock hole 244B, it is stored as shown in FIG. It is locked in the lock hole 244B (storage lock state).

(4) From the storage lock state to the exposure lock state When the blade body 23 of the medical knife 201 is exposed, the shaft body 21 of the knife portion 202 is pushed into the cover 203 in the exposure direction against the elasticity of the spring member 206. . Then, the lock claw 26 held in the storage lock hole 244B is released and guided to the lock claw guide groove 245 (see FIG. 24B). When the exposure lock hole 244C is reached, the lock claw 26 is guided to FIG. 23A. As shown, it is locked in the exposure lock hole 244C. At this time, the blade body 23 is locked in an exposed state from the cover 203 (exposure locked state), and the blade body holding portion 22 of the knife portion 202 is held by the holding portion 47 of the cover 203 to stabilize the blade body 23. The medical knife 201 is used for a surgical operation or the like in this exposure lock state.

  At this time, since the spring member 206 is locked between the spring locking portion 27 of the knife portion 202 and the spring locking portion 46 of the cover 203, the spring member 206 is attached in the direction in which the knife portion 202 is stored. It is fast.

(5) From the exposure lock state to the storage lock state To release the lock from the exposure lock state where the blade body 23 is exposed and return to the storage lock state, the lock release portion 41 is operated and the projection 43 has the exposure lock hole 244C. Then, the lock claw 26 is released. Then, the spring member 206 pushes the knife part 202 back to the storage side until the lock claw 26 is locked in the storage lock hole 244B, and the medical knife 201 returns to the storage lock state.

  Thus, in the medical knife 201 of this embodiment, when releasing the operation lock state, an operation that is unlikely to occur accidentally is required to be pushed and then rotated. Therefore, a safer medical knife can be obtained without inadvertently releasing the operation lock. On the other hand, if the operation lock state is released and the storage lock state is established, the blade body 23 is exposed only by pressing the shaft body 21 of the knife portion 202 into the cover 203 and only the operation of pressing the lock release portion 41 is performed. The blade body 23 can be stored. Both of these operations are simple operations that can be performed with one action with only one hand. Therefore, when the assistant releases the operation lock state and hands the medical knife 201 to the surgeon, the surgeon and the assistant can perform delivery with the blade body 23 stored. The used surgical procedure can be performed safely.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, Based on the meaning of this invention, various deformation | transformation are possible, These are excluded from the scope of the present invention. is not.

  The present invention relates to a knife used in a medical field such as a scalpel for a surgical operation, and particularly relates to a medical knife capable of exposing and storing a blade body with one touch, and has industrial applicability.

1, 101, 201 Medical knife 2, 102, 202 Knife part 3, 103, 203 Cover 4, 104 Cover body 5 Guide member 6, 106, 206 Spring member 21 Shaft body 22 Blade body holding part 23 Blade body 23a Fan type Blade body 23b Round blade body 23c Triangular blade body 24 Connection part 25 Lock claw support part 25A Projection part 26 Lock claw 27 Spring engagement part 41 Lock release part 42 Operation part 43 Projection 44, 244 Lock hole 44A, 244A Operation lock hole (third through hole)
44B, 244B Storage lock hole (first through hole)
44C, 244C Exposed lock hole (second through hole)
45 Fixing hole 46, 146 Spring locking part 47 Holding part 48 Holding piece 49 Convex part 51 Fixed part 52 Convex part 53 Lock claw guide hole 53A Lock claw guide hole (circumferential direction)
53B Lock claw guide hole (Axial direction)
122 Movable part 124 Elastic support part 128 Protruding part 128A Abutting surface 129 Angular displacement part 129A Sliding contact surface (reference surface)
129B Sliding surface (inclined surface)
147 Movable part guide hole 147A Corner part 148 Movable part guide groove 245 Lock claw guide groove

Claims (4)

A knife portion that holds the blade body at the tip; and a cylindrical cover that can house the blade body of the knife portion; a storage position in which the blade body is stored in the cover; and the blade body that covers the cover A medical knife capable of fixing the knife portion to an exposed position exposed from
A spring member that is locked between the knife portion and the cover and biases the knife portion from the exposed position toward the storage position;
A lock claw for fixing the knife part to the cover by the knife part being locked in a through hole provided in the cover, and a lock for elastically supporting the lock claw so as to be detachable from the through hole. A nail support,
The cover is formed on a side through which the blade body is exposed in the axial direction of the first through-hole that fixes the knife portion at the storage position and the first through-hole, and the knife portion is located at the exposure position. The second through-hole to be fixed at the front end, the tip is disposed at a position facing the second through-hole, and the unlocking portion capable of releasing the engagement state between the second through-hole and the lock claw, and A holding part that is provided at a tip of the cover that exposes the blade body and holds the exposed part of the knife part to stabilize the blade body,
When the knife portion is set from the stowed position to the exposed position, the knife portion is pushed in the direction in which the blade body is exposed from the cover against the elasticity of the spring member. While detaching from one through hole, the lock claw is locked to the second through hole by the elasticity of the lock claw support part,
When the knife portion is returned from the exposed position to the storage position, the lock pawl latched in the second through hole is released by the lock release portion, and the knife portion is moved by the bias of the spring member. Return to the storage position, lock the lock claw to the first through hole by the elasticity of the lock claw support ,
The cover further includes a third through hole for locking the lock claw at a position different from the storage position by the first through hole and fixing the knife portion at the storage position,
When the blade body is exposed from the cover, the lock claw locked in the third through hole is detached and locked in the first through hole, and then the second through hole is released. A medical knife characterized by being locked . A lock claw guide groove is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cover so that the lock claw can be released from the through hole only in a specific direction and guides the movement of the lock claw in the cover. And
The third through hole is formed in a circumferential direction of the first through hole, and the knife portion is fixed at a position rotated in the circumferential direction from the storage position by the first through hole,
The lock claw guide groove is formed from the first through hole to the third through hole, and restricts movement of the lock claw to other than between the first through hole and the third through hole. The medical knife according to claim 1 . A lock claw guide groove is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cover so that the lock claw can be released from the through hole only in a specific direction and guides the movement of the lock claw in the cover. And
The lock claw guide groove is formed from the first through hole to the second through hole,
The third through-hole is an L-shape comprising a hole extending in the axial direction from a position rotated in the circumferential direction from the storage position by the first through-hole, and a circumferential hole reaching the lock claw guide groove. The medical knife according to claim 1 , wherein the medical knife is formed in a shape. The cover includes a movable portion guide hole formed along the axial direction of the cover, and a movable portion guide formed along the axial direction on an inner peripheral surface of an end portion of the cover on the side where the blade body is exposed. A groove, and
The knife portion further includes a movable portion that holds the blade body at a tip, and an elastic support portion that elastically supports the movable portion,
The movable portion has a protruding portion that engages with the movable portion guide hole, and a slidable contact surface that can be engaged with the movable portion guide groove and that is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cover or the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove. An angular displacement portion, and a contact surface that abuts against a corner portion that is provided at the projecting portion and is a lower end on the blade body exposure side of the movable portion guide hole,
The sliding surface of the angular displacement portion is
While the lock claw reaches from the first through hole to the second through hole, a reference surface in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cover or the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove,
When the lock claw is locked in the second through-hole, the reference portion is arranged so that the movable portion holds the blade body at an angle different from the reference surface in contact with the bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove. An inclined surface formed at an angle different from the surface,
When the movable portion abuts against a corner portion of the movable portion guide hole at the abutting surface, the inclined surface is a bottom surface of the movable portion guide groove with a contact point between the corner portion and the abutting surface as a fulcrum. The medical knife according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the knife is rotated until it comes into contact with the medical knife.

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