JP5277519B2 - Water treatment method - Google Patents
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- JP5277519B2 JP5277519B2 JP2006138151A JP2006138151A JP5277519B2 JP 5277519 B2 JP5277519 B2 JP 5277519B2 JP 2006138151 A JP2006138151 A JP 2006138151A JP 2006138151 A JP2006138151 A JP 2006138151A JP 5277519 B2 JP5277519 B2 JP 5277519B2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009285 membrane fouling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、河川水、表流水、地下水、伏流水、工業用水、再利用水等に含まれる汚濁物質を分離除去して浄水化する水処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a water treatment method for separating and removing pollutants contained in river water, surface water, underground water, underground water, industrial water, reused water, etc. to purify the water.
膜を用いた水処理装置では、被処理水中の懸濁物質や有機物質等が、長時間の運転によって膜の表面に徐々に堆積していき、膜ファウリングが発生する。膜ファウリングが発生すると、膜圧力の上昇や、ろ過流束の低下等が引き起こり、浄水効率が落ち、水処理装置の全体的な運転効率が低下する。そのため水処理装置の運転サイクルでは、所定時間のろ過工程後に、膜を物理洗浄している。 In a water treatment apparatus using a membrane, suspended substances, organic substances, etc. in the water to be treated are gradually deposited on the surface of the membrane over a long period of operation, and membrane fouling occurs. When membrane fouling occurs, an increase in membrane pressure, a decrease in filtration flux, and the like are caused, water purification efficiency is lowered, and the overall operation efficiency of the water treatment device is lowered. Therefore, in the operation cycle of the water treatment apparatus, the membrane is physically washed after the filtration process for a predetermined time.
膜の物理洗浄としては、ろ過水等を膜の二次側から一次側へと逆流させる逆流洗浄（以下、逆洗という）、膜の一次側での水流によるフラッシング、空気により膜を振動させるエアースクラビング等があり、物理的な作用によって膜に付着した物質を取り除いている。 The physical cleaning of the membrane includes backwashing (hereinafter referred to as backwashing) in which filtered water flows backward from the secondary side of the membrane to the primary side, flushing by water flow on the primary side of the membrane, and air that vibrates the membrane with air. There is scrubbing, etc., which removes substances attached to the film by physical action.
しかしながら、逆洗では、ろ過水を用いて洗浄する場合が多いことから、ろ過水の回収率が低下するという問題点があった。 However, since backwashing is often performed using filtered water, there is a problem that the recovery rate of filtered water is reduced.
ろ過水の回収効率を向上するにあたり、例えば、下記特許文献１、２には、逆洗排水を膜モジュールの原水側へと供給し逆洗排水をろ過して、逆洗排水から処理水を回収する方法が開示されている。 In order to improve the recovery efficiency of filtered water, for example, in Patent Documents 1 and 2 below, the backwash wastewater is supplied to the raw water side of the membrane module, the backwash wastewater is filtered, and the treated water is recovered from the backwash wastewater. A method is disclosed.
また、下記特許文献３には、膜モジュールを２段配設し、前段の膜モジュールから排出される逆洗排水を後段の膜モジュールでろ過して、逆洗排水から処理水を回収する方法が開示されている。
原水を膜モジュール等によりろ過して得られるろ過水は、水道水質基準を満足しうる清澄な水ではある。しかしながら、逆洗排水には、膜モジュールに付着した汚濁物質が多量に含まれており、原水と比較して極めて汚濁している。このため、逆洗排水をろ過して得られるろ過水は、ろ過膜の損傷時において病原性微生物のリスクが高まる等の、衛生面に関する問題があった。 Filtrated water obtained by filtering raw water through a membrane module or the like is clear water that can satisfy tap water quality standards. However, the backwash drainage contains a large amount of pollutants adhering to the membrane module and is extremely polluted as compared with raw water. For this reason, the filtered water obtained by filtering backwash wastewater has problems related to hygiene such as an increased risk of pathogenic microorganisms when the filter membrane is damaged.
したがって、本発明の目的は、衛生的に安全で、清浄なろ過水を効率よく回収できる水処理方法を提供することにある。 Therefore, the objective of this invention is providing the water treatment method which can collect | recover hygienic safe and clean filtered water efficiently.
上記目的を達成するにあたり、本発明の水処理方法は、膜モジュールを用いた水処理方法であって、原水を第１の膜モジュールに供給して第１のろ過水を得る第１のろ過工程（ａ）と、前記第１の膜モジュールに逆洗水を供給して第１の膜モジュールを逆洗する第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）と、前記第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）で生じる逆洗排水を第２の膜モジュールに供給して第２のろ過水を得る第２のろ過工程（ｃ）とを含み、前記第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）に続いて実施される前記第１のろ過工程（ａ）において、該第１のろ過工程（ａ）の開始直後に前記第１の膜モジュールに残留している逆洗水及び／又は逆洗排水が流出するまでは、第１のろ過水を前記第２のろ過水と共に回収して前記第１の膜モジュールの逆洗水として使用し、前記第１の膜モジュールに残留している逆洗水及び／又は逆洗排水が流出した後の第１のろ過水を処理水として回収することを特徴とする。 In achieving the above object, the water treatment method of the present invention is a water treatment method using a membrane module, and a first filtration step of supplying raw water to the first membrane module to obtain first filtered water. (A), a first backwashing step (b) in which backwashing water is supplied to the first membrane module to backwash the first membrane module, and the first backwashing step (b) A second filtration step (c) for supplying the resulting backwash waste water to the second membrane module to obtain a second filtered water, which is carried out following the first backwash step (b). In the first filtration step (a), until the backwash water and / or backwash drainage remaining in the first membrane module flows out immediately after the start of the first filtration step (a), 1 of the filtered water was collected together with the second filtrate was used as backwash water for the first membrane module, wherein the first Makumo Backwash water remaining and / or backwash waste water and recovering the treated water first filtrate water after flowing out to Yuru.
本発明の水処理方法によれば、膜モジュールの逆洗水として、逆洗排水をろ過処理して得られるろ過水を用い、更には、この逆洗水を循環して再利用するようにしたので、原水をろ過して得られる清浄なろ過水を逆洗水として利用する必要がほとんどなく、清浄なろ過水の回収効率が高い。
また、第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）に続いて実施される第１のろ過工程（ａ）において、該第１のろ過工程（ａ）の開始直後に第１の膜モジュールに残留している逆洗水及び／又は逆洗排水が流出するまでは、第１のろ過水を第２のろ過水と共に回収して第１の膜モジュールの逆洗水として使用し、第１の膜モジュールに残留している逆洗水及び／又は逆洗排水が流出した後の第１のろ過水を処理水として回収するので、衛生的に優れたろ過水を回収することができる。
According to the water treatment method of the present invention, as the backwash water of the membrane module, filtered water obtained by filtering backwash wastewater is used, and further, this backwash water is circulated and reused. Therefore, there is almost no need to use clean filtrate obtained by filtering raw water as backwash water, and the collection efficiency of clean filtrate is high.
Moreover, in the 1st filtration process (a) implemented following a 1st backwash process (b), it remains in a 1st membrane module immediately after the start of this 1st filtration process (a). Until the backwash water and / or backwash wastewater flows out, the first filtered water is collected together with the second filtered water and used as backwash water for the first membrane module, and remains in the first membrane module. Since the 1st filtered water after the backwashing water and / or backwashing waste_water | drain which are flowing out is collect | recovered as a treated water, the sanitary excellent filtered water can be collect | recovered.
また、本発明の水処理方法は、前記第２の膜モジュールに逆洗水を供給して前記第２の膜モジュールを逆洗する第２の逆洗工程（ｄ）を更に含み、前記第２のろ過水を前記第１の膜モジュール及び前記第２の膜モジュールの逆洗水として使用することが好ましい。この態様によれば、第２のろ過工程のろ過効率を向上できるので、逆洗水を速やかに循環回収できる。このため、逆洗工程の頻度を上げることができ、水処理工程全体の水処理効率が向上する。 The water treatment method of the present invention further includes a second backwashing step (d) in which backwashing water is supplied to the second membrane module to backwash the second membrane module. It is preferable to use this filtered water as backwash water for the first membrane module and the second membrane module. According to this aspect, since the filtration efficiency of the second filtration step can be improved, the backwash water can be quickly circulated and recovered. For this reason, the frequency of a backwash process can be raised and the water treatment efficiency of the whole water treatment process improves.
また、本発明の水処理方法は、前記第１のろ過水の一部と、前記第２のろ過水の全部とを合一させて回収し、前記逆洗水として用いることが好ましい。この態様によれば、逆洗水を効率よく循環利用できるので、清浄なろ過水を効率よく回収できる。 In the water treatment method of the present invention, it is preferable that a part of the first filtered water and the whole of the second filtered water are collected and recovered and used as the backwash water. According to this aspect, since the backwash water can be circulated and used efficiently, clean filtered water can be efficiently recovered.
また、本発明の水処理方法は、前記第２の逆洗工程（ｄ）で生じる逆洗排水を前記第２の膜モジュールでろ過処理してろ過水を回収し、前記逆洗水として使用することが好ましい。この態様によれば、濃縮された逆洗排水中の凝集フロックによるプレコート効果により、第２の膜モジュールの膜目詰まりを抑制でき、更には逆洗排水の排出量が少なくなり、逆洗水を効率よく循環利用できるので、清浄なろ過水を効率よく回収できる。 In the water treatment method of the present invention, the backwash wastewater generated in the second backwashing step (d) is filtered through the second membrane module to collect filtered water and used as the backwash water. It is preferable. According to this aspect, due to the pre-coating effect caused by the flocs flocs in the concentrated backwash wastewater, the clogging of the second membrane module can be suppressed, and the discharge amount of the backwash wastewater is reduced. Since it can be recycled efficiently, clean filtered water can be recovered efficiently.
本発明の水処理方法によれば、清浄なろ過水を効率よく回収できる。 According to the water treatment method of the present invention, clean filtered water can be efficiently recovered.
本発明での原水としては、不溶解性有機物を含む水であればどのような水でも使用でき、具体的には河川水、湖沼水、下水、工場廃水等が好ましい。 As the raw water in the present invention, any water containing insoluble organic substances can be used. Specifically, river water, lake water, sewage, factory waste water, and the like are preferable.
以下、本発明について図面を用いて更に詳細に説明する。図１には、本発明の水処理方法に用いることができる水処理装置の一実施形態の概略構成図が示されている。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of a water treatment apparatus that can be used in the water treatment method of the present invention.
まず、図１の水処理装置について説明すると、この水処理装置は、水処理の対象となる原水を貯留する原水タンク１０と、原水をろ過して第１のろ過水を得る第１の膜モジュール２０と、第１の膜モジュール２０を逆洗した際に排出される逆洗排水をろ過し、第２のろ過水を得る第２の膜モジュール３０と、第１の膜モジュール２０及び第２の膜モジュール３０へ供給する逆洗水を貯留する逆洗タンク４０とで主に構成されている。 First, the water treatment apparatus of FIG. 1 will be described. This water treatment apparatus includes a raw water tank 10 that stores raw water to be subjected to water treatment, and a first membrane module that obtains first filtered water by filtering the raw water. 20, the backwash waste water discharged when backwashing the first membrane module 20, the second membrane module 30 to obtain the second filtrate, the first membrane module 20 and the second membrane It mainly comprises a backwash tank 40 that stores backwash water supplied to the membrane module 30.
原水タンク１０は、原水供給ポンプ１１が配置された配管１を介して第１の膜モジュール２０の一次側２０ａに連結している。 The raw water tank 10 is connected to the primary side 20a of the first membrane module 20 via the pipe 1 in which the raw water supply pump 11 is disposed.
膜モジュール２０に用いる膜は、一般的なろ過膜であれば全て使用でき、精密ろ過膜（ＭＦ膜）、限外ろ過膜（ＵＦ膜）、ナノろ過膜（ＮＦ膜）等が挙げられる。また、膜モジュール２０の形態としては、特に限定は無く、中空糸膜モジュール、平膜型モジュール、スパイラル型モジュール、管型モジュール等が使用可能である。 Any membrane can be used for the membrane module 20 as long as it is a general filtration membrane, and examples thereof include a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane), an ultrafiltration membrane (UF membrane), and a nanofiltration membrane (NF membrane). Moreover, there is no limitation in particular as a form of the membrane module 20, A hollow fiber membrane module, a flat membrane type module, a spiral type module, a tube type module, etc. can be used.
第１の膜モジュール２０の原水の流入側である一次側２０ａには、逆洗排水排出口２５が設けられており、第１の膜モジュール２０から排出される逆洗排水を、第１の逆洗排水引き抜きバルブ２１が配置された配管２から、第１の逆洗排水タンク５０へ供給できるように構成されている。 The primary side 20a that is the inflow side of the raw water of the first membrane module 20 is provided with a backwash drainage outlet 25, and the backwash drainage discharged from the first membrane module 20 is used as the first reverse drain. It is comprised so that it can supply to the 1st backwash drainage tank 50 from the piping 2 in which the flush drainage extraction valve 21 is arrange | positioned.
第１の膜モジュール２０のろ過水の流出側である二次側２０ｂは、第１のろ過水バルブ２２が配置された配管３を介して、逆洗タンク４０に連結されている。また、第１の膜モジュール２０の二次側２０ｂと、第１のろ過水バルブ２２とを連結する配管は分岐しており、処理水バルブ２３から、第１のろ過水を系外へ送出できるように構成されている。 The secondary side 20b that is the outflow side of the filtrate of the first membrane module 20 is connected to the backwash tank 40 via the pipe 3 in which the first filtrate valve 22 is arranged. Further, the pipe connecting the secondary side 20b of the first membrane module 20 and the first filtered water valve 22 is branched, and the first filtered water can be sent out of the system from the treated water valve 23. It is configured as follows.
第２の膜モジュール３０の逆洗排水の流入側である一次側３０ａは、逆洗排水ポンプ５２と、第１の逆洗排水バルブ５１とを配置した配管４を介して、第１の逆洗排水タンク５０と連結されている。また、逆洗排水排出口３５が設けられており、第２の膜モジュール３０から排出される逆洗排水を、第２の逆洗排水引き抜きバルブ３２が配置された配管７から系外へ排出できるように構成されている。 The primary side 30a that is the inflow side of the backwash drainage of the second membrane module 30 is connected to the first backwash drain via the pipe 4 in which the backwash drain pump 52 and the first backwash drain valve 51 are arranged. The drain tank 50 is connected. Further, the backwash drainage discharge port 35 is provided, and the backwash drainage discharged from the second membrane module 30 can be discharged out of the system from the pipe 7 in which the second backwash drainage valve 32 is disposed. It is configured as follows.
第２の膜モジュール３０のろ過水の流出側である二次側３０ｂは、第２のろ過水バルブ３１が配置された配管５を介して、逆洗タンク４０と連結している。 The secondary side 30b that is the outflow side of the filtrate of the second membrane module 30 is connected to the backwash tank 40 via the pipe 5 in which the second filtrate valve 31 is disposed.
第２の膜モジュール３０は、第１の膜モジュール２０と同様のものを用いることができるがその限りではなく適宜選択すればよい。ただし、第２の膜モジュール３０で得られる第２のろ過水は、逆洗水として使用することから、第２の膜モジュール３０の孔径は、第１の膜モジュール２０の孔径と同等かそれ以下とすることが好ましい。また、第２の膜モジュール３０は、逆洗排水をろ過することから、第１の膜モジュール２０よりも供給される濁度が高くなる点を考慮する必要があり、例えば、内圧式中空糸膜モジュールであればその内径を第１の膜モジュール２０よりも大きくすることなどが必要な場合もある。 The same thing as the 1st membrane module 20 can be used for the 2nd membrane module 30, but what is necessary is just to select suitably not only that. However, since the second filtered water obtained by the second membrane module 30 is used as backwash water, the pore diameter of the second membrane module 30 is equal to or less than the pore diameter of the first membrane module 20. It is preferable that Moreover, since the 2nd membrane module 30 filters backwash waste_water | drain, it is necessary to consider the point that the turbidity supplied rather than the 1st membrane module 20 becomes high, for example, an internal pressure type | formula hollow fiber membrane In the case of a module, it may be necessary to make its inner diameter larger than that of the first membrane module 20.
逆洗タンク４０の下部から延出した配管６は、逆洗水供給ポンプ４２と、第１の逆洗水バルブ４１とを介して、配管３に接続している。また、逆洗水供給ポンプ４２と、第１の逆洗水バルブ４１とを連結する配管は途中で分岐しており、第２の逆洗水バルブ４３を介して配管５に接続している。 The pipe 6 extending from the lower part of the backwash tank 40 is connected to the pipe 3 via the backwash water supply pump 42 and the first backwash water valve 41. In addition, a pipe connecting the backwash water supply pump 42 and the first backwash water valve 41 is branched in the middle, and is connected to the pipe 5 via the second backwash water valve 43.
次に、この水処理装置を用いた本発明の水処理方法について説明する。 Next, the water treatment method of the present invention using this water treatment apparatus will be described.
まず、原水タンク１０に流入した原水に、必要に応じて凝集剤及び／又はｐＨ調整剤を攪拌投入して、原水中の固形分の凝集、ｐＨ調整等の処理を行う。その後、原水供給ポンプ１１を稼動させ、処理水バルブ２３を開とし、それ以外のバルブは閉とし、第１の膜モジュール２０の一次側２０ａへと通水してろ過を行い、第１のろ過水を得る、第１のろ過処理工程（ａ）を行う。第１の膜モジュール２０でろ過された第１のろ過水は、処理水バルブ２３を通過して、処理水として系外に供せられる。 First, the raw water that has flowed into the raw water tank 10 is agitated with a flocculant and / or a pH adjuster as necessary to perform treatments such as solid aggregation in the raw water and pH adjustment. Thereafter, the raw water supply pump 11 is operated, the treated water valve 23 is opened, the other valves are closed, the water is passed through the primary side 20a of the first membrane module 20, and the first filtration is performed. The 1st filtration process process (a) which obtains water is performed. The first filtered water filtered by the first membrane module 20 passes through the treated water valve 23 and is provided outside the system as treated water.
ここで、後述する第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）を行った直後の第１の膜モジュール２０には、逆洗水及び／又は逆洗排水が残留している。したがって、第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）直後に行う第１のろ過工程（ａ）では、得られる第１のろ過水中に、逆洗水及び／又は逆洗排水が混在している。よって、衛生面を考慮するのであれば、第１のろ過工程（ａ）の開始直後に第１の膜モジュール２０に残留している逆洗水及び／又は逆洗排水が流出するまでは、第１のろ過水バルブ２２を開とし、処理水バルブ２３を閉として逆洗タンク４０へ供給し、所定時間経過後の第１のろ過水のみ、処理水バルブ２３から処理水として回収することが好ましい。 Here, backwash water and / or backwash wastewater remain in the first membrane module 20 immediately after the first backwash process (b) described later. Therefore, in the 1st filtration process (a) performed immediately after the 1st backwash process (b), backwash water and / or backwash drainage are mixed in the 1st filtered water obtained. Therefore, if hygiene is taken into consideration, the backwash water and / or backwash drainage remaining in the first membrane module 20 immediately after the start of the first filtration step (a) will be Preferably, the first filtered water valve 22 is opened, the treated water valve 23 is closed and supplied to the backwash tank 40, and only the first filtered water after a predetermined time has passed is recovered from the treated water valve 23 as treated water. .
上記第１のろ過処理工程（ａ）を所定時間行った後、原水供給ポンプ１１の稼動を停止し、第１のろ過水バルブ２２及び処理水バルブ２３を閉とし、第１の逆洗排水引き抜きバルブ２１及び第１の逆洗水バルブ４１を開とし、逆洗水供給ポンプ４２を稼動させて、逆洗タンク４０に貯留されたろ過水（逆洗水）を第１の膜モジュール２０の二次側２０ｂから一次側２０ａへと通水する第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）を行う。 After performing the first filtration process step (a) for a predetermined time, the operation of the raw water supply pump 11 is stopped, the first filtrate water valve 22 and the treated water valve 23 are closed, and the first backwash drainage is drawn. The valve 21 and the first backwash water valve 41 are opened, the backwash water supply pump 42 is operated, and the filtered water (backwash water) stored in the backwash tank 40 is supplied to the second membrane module 20. A first backwashing step (b) for passing water from the secondary side 20b to the primary side 20a is performed.
そして、一次側２０ａへと通水された逆洗排水は、配管２から第１の逆洗排水タンク５０へと供給する。なお、特に図示していないが、上記逆洗工程の後に、膜モジュール２０の一次側２０ａ及び／又は二次側２０ｂに、エアーコンプレッサー等を用いて圧縮空気を供給してエアースクラビング処理を更に行ってもよく、また、原水を膜面へと通水するフラッシング処理を更に行ってもよい。エアースクラビング処理やフラッシング処理を行うことで、逆洗では除去しきれなかった汚濁物質が除去できる。 Then, the backwash wastewater that has been passed to the primary side 20 a is supplied from the pipe 2 to the first backwash drainage tank 50. Although not particularly illustrated, after the backwashing step, air scrubbing treatment is further performed by supplying compressed air to the primary side 20a and / or the secondary side 20b of the membrane module 20 using an air compressor or the like. Alternatively, a flushing process of passing raw water through the membrane surface may be further performed. By performing air scrubbing treatment or flushing treatment, it is possible to remove pollutants that could not be removed by backwashing.
そして、本発明においては、逆洗排水を、第２の膜モジュール３０でろ過して第２のろ過水とし、上記第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）における逆洗水として使用する。 In the present invention, the backwash wastewater is filtered through the second membrane module 30 to form second filtered water, which is used as backwash water in the first backwashing step (b).
すなわち、第１の逆洗排水タンク５０に流入した逆洗排水は、第１の逆洗排水バルブ５１及び第２のろ過水バルブ３１を開とし、逆洗排水ポンプ５２を稼動させて、第２の膜モジュール３０の一次側３０ａへと通水し、第２のろ過水を得る第２のろ過処理工程（ｃ）を行う。そして、第２の膜モジュール３０でろ過処理された第２のろ過水は、逆洗タンク４０へ供する。 That is, the backwash wastewater that has flowed into the first backwash drainage tank 50 opens the first backwash drainage valve 51 and the second filtered water valve 31, operates the backwash drainage pump 52, The 2nd filtration process process (c) which passes water to the primary side 30a of this membrane module 30, and obtains 2nd filtered water is performed. Then, the second filtered water filtered by the second membrane module 30 is supplied to the backwash tank 40.
本発明においては、第２のろ過水の全量を、逆洗タンク４０へ供し、逆洗水として使用することが好ましい。これによれば、逆洗水を効率よく循環利用でき、処理水の回収効率が向上する。 In the present invention, the entire amount of the second filtered water is preferably supplied to the backwash tank 40 and used as backwash water. According to this, the backwash water can be efficiently circulated and the recovery efficiency of the treated water can be improved.
上記第２のろ過処理工程（ｃ）を所定時間行った後、逆洗排水ポンプ５２の稼動を停止し、第１の逆洗排水バルブ５１及び第２のろ過水バルブ３１を閉とし、第２の逆洗排水引き抜きバルブ３２及び第２の逆洗水バルブ４３を開とし、逆洗水供給ポンプ４２を稼動させて、逆洗タンク４０に貯留されたろ過水（逆洗水）を第２の膜モジュール３０の二次側３０ｂから一次側３０ａへと通水する第２の逆洗工程（ｄ）を行い、第２の逆洗工程（ｄ）で排出される逆洗排水を、配管７から系外へと引き抜く。なお、特に図示していないが、上記第２の逆洗工程（ｄ）の後に、第２の膜モジュール３０の一次側３０ａ及び／又は二次側３０ｂに、エアーコンプレッサー等を用いて圧縮空気を供給してエアースクラビング処理を更に行ってもよく、また、原水を膜面へと通水するフラッシング処理を更に行ってもよい。エアースクラビング処理やフラッシング処理を行うことで、逆洗では除去しきれなかった汚濁物質が除去できる。 After performing the said 2nd filtration process process (c) for the predetermined time, the operation | movement of the backwash drainage pump 52 is stopped, the 1st backwash drainage valve 51 and the 2nd filtrate water valve 31 are closed, 2nd The backwash drain valve 32 and the second backwash water valve 43 are opened, the backwash water supply pump 42 is operated, and the filtered water (backwash water) stored in the backwash tank 40 is supplied to the second backwash water supply pump 42. A second backwashing step (d) for passing water from the secondary side 30b of the membrane module 30 to the primary side 30a is performed, and the backwash drainage discharged in the second backwashing step (d) is discharged from the pipe 7 Pull out of the system. Although not particularly illustrated, compressed air is applied to the primary side 30a and / or the secondary side 30b of the second membrane module 30 using an air compressor or the like after the second backwashing step (d). The air scrubbing process may be further performed by supplying, or the flushing process of passing the raw water through the membrane surface may be further performed. By performing air scrubbing treatment or flushing treatment, it is possible to remove pollutants that could not be removed by backwashing.
第２の逆洗工程（ｄ）は、第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）と同時に行ってもよく、それぞれ交互に行ってもよく、特に限定はない。 The second backwashing step (d) may be performed simultaneously with the first backwashing step (b), or may be performed alternately, and is not particularly limited.
本発明の水処理方法によれば、膜モジュールの逆洗水として、逆洗排水をろ過処理して得られるろ過水を用い、更には、この逆洗水を循環して再利用するようにしたので、清浄なろ過水を逆洗水として利用する必要がほとんどない。このため、原水をろ過して得られる清浄なろ過水の回収効率が高く、処理水の回収率を、少なくとも９０％以上、通常であれば９９％以上とすることができる。 According to the water treatment method of the present invention, as the backwash water of the membrane module, filtered water obtained by filtering backwash wastewater is used, and further, this backwash water is circulated and reused. Therefore, there is almost no need to use clean filtered water as backwash water. For this reason, the collection efficiency of the clean filtrate obtained by filtering raw | natural water is high, and the collection rate of a treated water can be made into at least 90% or more normally, and 99% or more normally.
図２には、本発明の水処理方法に用いることができる水処理装置の他の実施形態が示されている。なお、前記実施形態と実質的に同一部分には、同符号を付してその説明を省略することとする。 FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a water treatment apparatus that can be used in the water treatment method of the present invention. Note that parts that are substantially the same as those of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
図１に示した実施形態による処理装置との主な変更点は、
＜１＞第２の膜モジュール３０の原水の流入側である一次側３０ａに、第２の膜モジュール３０から排出される逆洗排水を、第２の逆洗排水引き抜きバルブ３２が配置された配管７から、第２の逆洗排水タンク６０へ供給できるように構成されている点、
＜２＞第１の逆洗排水バルブ５１と、逆洗排水ポンプ５２とを連結する配管が途中で分岐し、第２の逆洗排水バルブ５３を介して第２の逆洗排水タンク６０に連結しており、第２の逆洗排水タンク６０に貯留した逆洗排水を、第２の膜モジュール３０へ供給できるように構成されている点である。
The main changes from the processing apparatus according to the embodiment shown in FIG.
<1> Piping in which the backwash drainage discharged from the second membrane module 30 is disposed on the primary side 30a that is the inflow side of the raw water of the second membrane module 30 and the second backwash drainage extraction valve 32 is disposed. 7 from the point which can be supplied to the 2nd backwash drainage tank 60,
<2> A pipe connecting the first backwash drain valve 51 and the backwash drain pump 52 branches in the middle, and is connected to the second backwash drain tank 60 via the second backwash drain valve 53. The backwash drainage stored in the second backwash drainage tank 60 can be supplied to the second membrane module 30.
次に、この水処理装置を用いた水処理方法について説明する。なお、この実施形態において、第１のろ過工程（ａ）及び第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）は上記実施形態と同じであることから、説明は省略する。 Next, a water treatment method using this water treatment apparatus will be described. In this embodiment, the first filtration step (a) and the first backwashing step (b) are the same as those in the above embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
第２のろ過処理工程（ｃ）において、第１の逆洗排水バルブ５１、第２の逆洗排水バルブ５３及び第２のろ過水バルブ３１を開とし、第２の逆洗水バルブ４３を閉とし、逆洗排水ポンプ５２を稼動させて、第１の逆洗排水タンク５０及び第２の逆洗排水タンク６０に貯留された逆洗排水を、第２の膜モジュール３０の一次側３０ａへと通水する。なかでも、濃縮された逆洗排水中の凝集フロックによるプレコート効果により膜目詰まりを抑制できるという理由から、まず、第２の逆洗排水タンク６０に貯留された逆洗排水を第２の膜モジュール３０の一次側３０ａへと通水した後、第１の逆洗排水タンク５０に貯留された逆洗排水を第２の膜モジュール３０の一次側３０ａへと通水することが好ましい。なお、この実施形態において、第２の逆洗排水タンク６０の貯水量が少ない場合等においては、第２のろ過処理工程（ｃ）における逆洗排水の第２の膜モジュール３０への供給は、第１の逆洗排水タンク５０のみから供給するようにしてもよい。 In the second filtration treatment step (c), the first backwash drain valve 51, the second backwash drain valve 53, and the second filtrate valve 31 are opened, and the second backwash valve 43 is closed. And the backwash drainage pump 52 is operated, and the backwash drainage stored in the first backwash drainage tank 50 and the second backwash drainage tank 60 is transferred to the primary side 30a of the second membrane module 30. Pass water. Among them, first, the backwash wastewater stored in the second backwash wastewater tank 60 is used as the second membrane module because the membrane clogging can be suppressed by the pre-coating effect due to the aggregation floc in the concentrated backwash wastewater. It is preferable to pass the backwash wastewater stored in the first backwash drainage tank 50 to the primary side 30a of the second membrane module 30 after passing the water to the primary side 30a of the 30. In this embodiment, when the amount of water stored in the second backwash drainage tank 60 is small, the supply of backwash wastewater to the second membrane module 30 in the second filtration step (c) is as follows: You may make it supply only from the 1st backwash drainage tank 50. FIG.
上記第２のろ過処理工程（ｃ）を所定時間行った後、逆洗排水ポンプ５２の稼動を停止し、第１の逆洗排水バルブ５１、第２の逆洗排水バルブ５３及び第２のろ過水バルブ３１を閉とし、第２の逆洗排水引き抜きバルブ３２及び第２の逆洗水バルブ４３を開とし、逆洗水供給ポンプ４２を稼動させて、逆洗タンク４０に貯留されたろ過水（逆洗水）を第２の膜モジュール３０の二次側３０ｂから一次側３０ａへと通水する第２の逆洗工程（ｄ）を行い、第２の逆洗工程（ｄ）で排出される逆洗排水を第２の逆洗排水タンク６０で回収する。なお、特に図示していないが、上記第２の逆洗工程（ｄ）の後に、第２の膜モジュール３０の一次側３０ａ及び／又は二次側３０ｂに、エアーコンプレッサー等を用いて圧縮空気を供給してエアースクラビング処理を更に行ってもよく、また、原水を膜面へと通水するフラッシング処理を更に行ってもよい。エアースクラビング処理やフラッシング処理を行うことで、逆洗では除去しきれなかった汚濁物質が除去できる。 After performing the said 2nd filtration process process (c) for the predetermined time, the operation | movement of the backwash drainage pump 52 is stopped, the 1st backwash drainage valve 51, the 2nd backwash drainage valve 53, and the 2nd filtration The water valve 31 is closed, the second backwash drain valve 32 and the second backwash valve 43 are opened, the backwash water supply pump 42 is operated, and the filtered water stored in the backwash tank 40 is stored. The second backwashing step (d) for passing (backwashing water) from the secondary side 30b of the second membrane module 30 to the primary side 30a is performed and discharged in the second backwashing step (d). The second backwash drainage tank 60 collects the backwash wastewater. Although not particularly illustrated, compressed air is applied to the primary side 30a and / or the secondary side 30b of the second membrane module 30 using an air compressor or the like after the second backwashing step (d). The air scrubbing process may be further performed by supplying, or the flushing process of passing the raw water through the membrane surface may be further performed. By performing air scrubbing treatment or flushing treatment, it is possible to remove pollutants that could not be removed by backwashing.
第２の逆洗工程（ｄ）で排出される逆洗排水は、汚泥濃度が濃縮されており、極めて固形分濃度が高いことから、第２の逆洗排水タンク６０では、重力沈降等により逆洗排水中の汚泥を濃縮させて、定期的に第２の逆洗排水タンク６０の下部より逆洗排水濃縮水として引き抜くことが好ましい。 The backwash wastewater discharged in the second backwash process (d) has a concentrated sludge concentration and an extremely high solid content. It is preferable to concentrate the sludge in the washing wastewater and periodically withdraw it as the backwash drainage concentrated water from the lower part of the second backwash drainage tank 60.
また、第２の逆洗工程（ｄ）は、第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）と同時に行ってもよく、それぞれ交互に行ってもよく、特に限定はない。 Further, the second backwashing step (d) may be performed simultaneously with the first backwashing step (b), or may be performed alternately, and there is no particular limitation.
この態様によれば、第２の膜モジュール３０の処理効率を長期にわたって維持でき、逆洗水を速やかに回収できる。このため、第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）の頻度を上げることができ、水処理工程全体の水処理効率を向上させることができる。さらに、系外へと排出されるのは逆洗排水タンク６０の下部より逆洗排水濃縮水として引き抜かれる水量だけであることから、処理水の回収率を、少なくとも９５％以上、通常であれば９９．９％以上とすることができる。 According to this aspect, the processing efficiency of the second membrane module 30 can be maintained over a long period of time, and the backwash water can be quickly recovered. For this reason, the frequency of a 1st backwash process (b) can be raised, and the water treatment efficiency of the whole water treatment process can be improved. Furthermore, since it is only the amount of water withdrawn as backwash drainage concentrated water from the lower part of the backwash drainage tank 60 that is discharged out of the system, the recovery rate of treated water is at least 95% or more, It can be 99.9% or more.
１〜６：配管
１０：原水タンク
１１：原水供給ポンプ
２０：第１の膜モジュール
２１、３２：逆洗排水引き抜きバルブ
２２、３１：ろ過水バルブ
２３：処理水バルブ
２５、３５：逆洗排水排出口
３０：第２の膜モジュール
４０：逆洗タンク
４１、４３：逆洗水バルブ
４２：逆洗水供給ポンプ
５０：第１の逆洗排水タンク
５１、５３：逆洗排水バルブ
５２：逆洗排水ポンプ
６０：第２の逆洗排水タンク
1 to 6: Pipe 10: Raw water tank 11: Raw water supply pump 20: First membrane module 21, 32: Backwash drain valve 22 and 31: Filtration water valve 23: Treated water valve 25, 35: Backwash drainage Outlet 30: Second membrane module 40: Backwash tank 41, 43: Backwash water valve 42: Backwash water supply pump 50: First backwash drain tank 51, 53: Backwash drain valve 52: Backwash drain Pump 60: second backwash drainage tank
Claims (4)
原水を第１の膜モジュールに供給して第１のろ過水を得る第１のろ過工程（ａ）と、
前記第１の膜モジュールに逆洗水を供給して第１の膜モジュールを逆洗する第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）と、
前記第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）で生じる逆洗排水を第２の膜モジュールに供給して第２のろ過水を得る第２のろ過工程（ｃ）とを含み、
前記第１の逆洗工程（ｂ）に続いて実施される前記第１のろ過工程（ａ）において、該第１のろ過工程（ａ）の開始直後に前記第１の膜モジュールに残留している逆洗水及び／又は逆洗排水が流出するまでは、第１のろ過水を前記第２のろ過水と共に回収して前記第１の膜モジュールの逆洗水として使用し、
前記第１の膜モジュールに残留している逆洗水及び／又は逆洗排水が流出した後の第１のろ過水を処理水として回収することを特徴とする水処理方法。 A water treatment method using a membrane module,
A first filtration step (a) in which raw water is supplied to the first membrane module to obtain first filtered water;
A first backwashing step (b) for backwashing the first membrane module by supplying backwash water to the first membrane module;
Including a second filtration step (c) for supplying the backwash waste water generated in the first backwash step (b) to the second membrane module to obtain a second filtrate.
In the first filtration step (a) performed following the first backwashing step (b), the first filtration step (a) remains in the first membrane module immediately after the start of the first filtration step (a). Until the backwashing water and / or backwashing wastewater flowing out, the first filtered water is collected together with the second filtered water and used as backwashing water for the first membrane module,
A water treatment method, wherein the first filtered water after the backwash water and / or backwash wastewater remaining in the first membrane module flows out is recovered as treated water .
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| JP2006272218A (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Toray Ind Inc | Two-stage membrane filtration system and operation method of two-stage membrane filtration system |
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