JP5273568B2 - In-hole excitation source - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a device for generating vibrations in a borehole, and more specifically, a piston is driven in a hole axial direction by compressed air, and a striking force by the piston is converted into a direction perpendicular to the hole axis to thereby change the hole wall. The present invention relates to an in-hole excitation source that directly applies an impact force. This technique is particularly useful as a vibration source for elastic wave tomography investigations that require high accuracy with respect to position and time.

  In order to evaluate the mechanical stability of underground structures such as geological disposal sites for high-level radioactive waste, it is important to investigate the rock surrounding the structure. One of the geophysical exploration techniques for such rocks is the elastic wave tomography survey. This visualizes the condition of the rock mass to be investigated from the running time of the elastic wave (the time it took for the initial movement to reach) between the many excitation sources and geophones installed in the survey area. It is a technique.

  Various methods such as dynamite (detonator), weight drop, hammer hit, air gun, etc. are used for the vibration generation of elastic waves. In the case of an underground survey, the place of vibration is inside the tunnel or the borehole.

  For example, in a geological disposal site for high-level radioactive waste, the vicinity of a mine shaft is investigated in detail using a small bore diameter borehole. For that purpose, it is necessary to have a sufficiently large energy for the elastic wave to travel a distance of about several meters to 10 meters. Further, since the boring hole cannot be occupied, the structure must be able to move in the boring hole. Furthermore, if the bedrock contains a flammable gas, the boring hole may be in an environment where flammable gas is always present at a high concentration. Is desirable. Furthermore, requirements such as being able to vibrate in anhydrous holes, being able to be used in horizontal holes, and being able to control the direction in the holes are also necessary.

  By the way, as a conventional technique, the piston is driven in the direction of the hole axis by utilizing fluid pressure such as air, and the projecting movement of the piston in the direction of the hole axis is converted into a movement in a direction perpendicular to the hole axis by a rotary hammer. An in-hole vibration source having a structure that strikes the side surface has been developed (see Patent Document 1). Since such a structure is a system in which the piston is driven in the direction of the hole axis, there is an advantage that a necessary stroke can be taken and a large impact energy can be generated. However, this in-hole excitation source is incorporated in a casing having an outer diameter that is considerably smaller than the diameter of the bore hole, and indirectly vibrates the hole wall surface while the casing is pressed against the hole wall surface by a crimping packer. . For this reason, the generated elastic waves are biased in one direction (the direction of the pressure-bonded hole wall surface), and the hammering operation requires an indirect impact through the casing. The time delay until it reaches is large, the striking surface becomes large, and it can be used as a vibration source for investigating the range of about several tens to 100 m in the vertical hole, but it targets the range of less than 10 m It is not suitable for detailed surveys near the tunnel.

JP 2000-46954 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is that it enables vibration without time delay in a narrow place as close as possible within a small bore diameter hole, thereby improving the position and time accuracy, about several meters It is possible to conduct an elastic wave tomography survey in a narrow range.

  The present invention includes a striking energy generating section that drives a piston in the hole axial direction by compressed air, and a striking hammer section that applies a striking force to the hole wall by utilizing the projecting operation of the piston in the hole axial direction. In the in-hole vibration source, the hitting hammer portion is in a state in which it is urged outward by a rotary link mechanism that converts a striking force generated by a projecting operation of the piston in the hole axis direction into a direction orthogonal to the hole axis. A vibration hammer that is pressure-bonded to the hole wall and driven via the rotary link mechanism, and a plurality of combinations of the rotary link mechanism and the vibration hammer are arranged evenly on the circumference, and the striking In-hole excitation characterized in that each excitation hammer is vibrated by a single piston of the energy generating portion and the hole wall surface perpendicular to the hole axis is directly struck simultaneously at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction. Is the source.

  Here, the vibration hammer is fixed at its head to a leaf spring extending in the axial direction of the hole with the proximal end fixed to the vibration source housing and the distal end attached to the distal cover, and the direction of the vibration hammer is always A structure that is supported by being biased outward so as to maintain a direction orthogonal to the hole axis is preferable.

  The rotary link mechanism has a plate-like rigid rotary piece having two sides perpendicular to each other when viewed in a plane, a fixed pivot and a movable pivot located near both ends of one side, and the fixed pivot It is preferable that the movable shaft is pivotally supported by the vibration source housing, the proximal end portion of the vibration hammer is pivotally supported, and the piston collides with the other side.

  The in-hole excitation source according to the present invention includes a rotary link mechanism that converts a striking force generated by a projecting operation of the piston in the hole axis direction into a direction perpendicular to the hole axis, and a hole wall that is biased outward by a spring. A vibration hammer that is held by pressure and driven via the rotary link mechanism, and a plurality of combinations of the rotary link mechanism and the vibration hammer are arranged evenly on the circumference. Each vibration hammer can be vibrated by a single piston of the energy generating portion, and a hole wall surface in a direction perpendicular to the hole axis can be directly hit at the same time. The rotary linkage mechanism and the vibration hammer are always mechanically coupled, and the head of the vibration hammer is pressed against the hole wall surface regardless of the hole diameter of the boring hole that changes depending on the location. Propagation instantaneously from the rotary link mechanism to the hole wall surface through the vibration hammer, and there is almost no delay in the piston projecting operation and the hole wall impact time, and the impact moment is measured with high time accuracy. be able to. In addition, there is no need for a casing or crimping packer as in the prior art, and since the head of the vibration hammer is in contact with the hole wall surface, the striking surface can be made very small in the bore hole with a small hole diameter. It is possible to vibrate at an oscillation point close to the point, and tomographic investigation within a range of about several meters can be performed with high accuracy. The in-hole excitation source of the present invention can be used in a horizontal hole, the direction in the hole can be controlled, and the hole state such as collapse of the hole wall can be flexibly dealt with. Further, since the vibration hammer directly hits the hole wall surface perpendicular to the hole axis, vibration in the air where the borehole is not filled with an elastic medium such as water is also possible.

  Of course, the present invention also employs a method of using compressed air for vibration, so that complete explosion-proofing can be achieved, safety is improved, and an application for approval or notification is made when using the vibration source. This eliminates the need for legal procedures and improves workability. In addition, it is a system that generates impact energy by driving the piston in the axial direction of the hole with compressed air, so it can easily vibrate repeatedly at the same point, and can generate a large impact force even in a small bore bore hole. In addition, the striking force can be adjusted by adjusting the stroke.

Explanatory drawing which shows one Example of the in-hole excitation source which concerns on this invention. Explanatory drawing of the impact energy generation part. The operation | movement explanatory drawing of the in-hole excitation source. Explanatory drawing which shows the adaptability with respect to the boring hole diameter change of the vibration source in the hole.

An in-hole excitation source generates elastic or inelastic waves by directly or indirectly applying elastic deformation to the hole wall surface and its surroundings by releasing energy in some way within the borehole. Is generated. In this example, an in-hole excitation source was manufactured with a design specification that satisfies the following conditions.
-Necessary boring hole diameter is φ86 mm (general core boring hole diameter).
・ Because combustible methane gas is generated in the borehole, it must be non-explosive and non-electric.
・ Be able to hit the borehole wall directly.
・ It should be possible to hit repeatedly at the same vibration position.
Therefore, in the present invention, a system using low-pressure compressed air in a range not subject to application of the high-pressure gas safety method as a drive source is adopted. This is because compressed air can be easily oscillated over and over again at one place in the hole because it is easy to supply and discharge.

  One embodiment of the in-hole excitation source according to the present invention is shown in FIG. A is a partially cut section, and B is its xx section. This in-hole excitation source includes a hit energy generating unit 10 and a hit hammer unit 12. The striking energy generating unit 12 is a part that drives the piston in the hole axial direction (the horizontal direction in FIG. 1A) with compressed air, and the striking hammer unit 12 has a striking force due to the protruding operation of the piston in the hole axial direction. This is a portion that applies a striking force to the hole wall by converting the direction into a direction perpendicular to the hole axis.

  First, the impact energy generating unit 10 will be described. Details of the impact energy generating unit 10 are shown in FIG. The piston 22 is movably incorporated in the cylinder 20 extending in the hole axis direction, and the piston 22 protrudes from the tip of the cylinder 20. The cylinder 20 has an air port 24 opened at the rear end, an air reservoir 26 is provided in the cylinder in communication with the air port 24, and a piston inlet / outlet hole 28 having a small hole diameter is formed continuously through a step. It is a structure. A magnet 30 is incorporated in the rear wall of the air reservoir 28. The piston 22 includes a large-diameter flange portion 32 at the rear end portion, and an O-ring seal 34 is attached to the outer periphery of the flange portion 32 so that the airtight state of the air reservoir 26 can be maintained. A coil spring 36 for returning the piston is attached between the flange portion and the step on the base end side of the piston, so that an elastic force in the base end direction (left hand direction in the drawing) acts on the piston 22. . The flange portion itself or a part thereof is made of a ferromagnetic material, and is configured such that a magnetic attractive force acts on the magnet 30.

  The operation of the impact energy generating unit 10 is as follows. The piston 22 normally remains rearward (left hand side in the drawing) by the force of the magnet 30 and the coil spring 36. When compressed air is injected from the air port 24, the compressed air accumulates in the air reservoir 26. When the compressed air accumulates exceeding the attractive force of the magnet 30, the piston 22 is driven forward (to the right in the drawing) by the pressure. Thereafter, when the compressed air is released, the piston 22 returns to the original rear position by the force of the coil spring 36 and the magnet 30. Therefore, repeated hitting energy can be generated by repeatedly injecting compressed air. Even if the boring hole has a small diameter, it is possible to increase the striking energy by making the cylinder 20 longer in the direction of the hole axis that can take a sufficient length rather than in the narrow hole diameter direction.

  Next, the striking hammer portion 12 will be described. Returning to FIG. 1, the striking hammer portion 12 is biased outwardly by a rotary link mechanism 40 that converts a striking force generated by the projecting motion of the piston 22 in the hole axis direction into a direction orthogonal to the hole axis. And a vibration hammer 42 that is held in a state and driven via the rotary link mechanism 40. As shown in FIG. 1B, the combinations of the rotary link mechanism 40 and the vibration hammer 42 are equally arranged at four angles, changing the angle by 90 ° on the circumference. The vibration hammers 42 are vibrated all at once by the single piston 22 of the striking energy generating unit 10 so that the hole wall surface orthogonal to the hole axis is directly hit at the same time.

  The rotary link mechanism 40 includes a rigid rotary piece 44 having a rectangular plate shape (and thus having two sides perpendicular to each other when viewed in plan), and one side thereof (an outer side parallel to the hole axis). ) And a movable pivot (displaceable pivot) s. The fixed pivot r is pivotally supported by the vibration source housing, and the movable pivot s has an excitation hammer 42. The piston 22 collides with the other side (the rear side orthogonal to the hole axis). Specifically, the vibration source housing on which the rigid rotating piece 44 is pivotally supported is composed of four prismatic support members 46 projecting forward from the front end surface of the cylinder 20 of the impact energy generating unit 10. The rigid rotating pieces 44 are pivotally supported by the fixed pivots r located at the distal end portions of the respective support members 46.

  The vibration hammer 42 has a shape in which a flat large-diameter head is provided at the distal end of the support column, and a flat spring 48 extending in the axial direction of the hole with the proximal end fixed to the vibration source housing at the head. It is fixed. Specifically, the base end side of the leaf spring 48 is fixed to the cylinder 20, and the tip end side is attached to the tip cover 50 in a free state.

  A region surrounded by the four support members 48 is a piston moving space. In the piston movement space, a coil spring 52 is wound around the piston 22 between the tip surface of the cylinder 20 and the piston collision surface of the rigid rotary piece 40. The coil spring 52 has a function of urging the piston collision surface of the rigid rotating piece 44 with an elastic force and applying a rotational force to each rigid rotating piece 44 to press the head of the vibration hammer 42 against the borehole wall surface. Plays.

  The leaf spring 48 is arranged so that the direction of the vibration hammer 42 is always maintained in a direction perpendicular to the hole axis (so that the head of the vibration hammer 42 is always directly facing the wall surface of the borehole). It fulfills the function of maintaining a proper posture. Further, the leaf spring 48 has a function as a sliding surface to smoothly insert and remove the in-hole excitation source into the boring hole. Furthermore, since the four leaf springs 48 are bundled by the tip cover 50 on the tip side and the tip cover 50 is only supported by the leaf spring 48, insertion of the in-hole vibration source is performed. Even if the position is eccentric in the borehole, it will be centralized, and at that point also, the in-hole excitation source can be easily inserted into the borehole. Therefore, the effect of this leaf spring is particularly effective when the borehole wall is partially damaged.

  The hole wall striking mechanism will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, for easy understanding, only a one-way rotation link mechanism and a vibration hammer are shown, and a force transmission direction is indicated by an arrow. The energy from the compressed air pushes the piston 22 out. The piston 22 strikes the rigid rotating piece 44. By the fixed pivot r and the movable pivot s, the impact energy is transmitted to the vibration hammer 42 through the rigid rotating piece 44. At this time, since the vibration hammer 42 is maintained perpendicular to the hole wall surface h by the movable pivot shaft s, the striking force in the boring hole axial direction is changed by 90 ° by the rigid rotation piece 44 and the vibration hammer 42. And hit the hole wall vertically. As shown in FIG. 1B (xx cross section), the vibration hammers 42 arranged in the four directions are vibrated at the same time, so that the hole wall surfaces in the four directions are hit simultaneously. . At that time, the rotating link mechanism and the vibration hammer are always mechanically coupled, and the tip of the vibration hammer is pressed against the hole wall surface regardless of the hole diameter of the boring hole that changes depending on the location. The striking force is instantaneously propagated from the rotary link mechanism to the hole wall surface through the vibration hammer, and there is almost no delay between the piston projecting operation and the hole wall striking time. The moment of impact can be measured with accuracy. In addition, since the head of the vibration hammer that abuts against the hole wall surface can be made small, vibration can be generated with a small surface of about 1 cm × 2 cm as an oscillation point. Furthermore, since the stroke in the boring hole axial direction can be freely set by the length of the cylinder, the magnitude of the energy for striking the hole wall surface can be freely adjusted by the capacity of the striking energy generating unit 10.

  This in-hole excitation source can adapt to changes in the bore diameter. This is shown in FIG. The bore diameter of the drilled hole after excavation may change as time passes after excavation. A is the case where the hole diameter is just as designed immediately after excavation, and B is the case where the hole diameter is increased due to the collapse of the hole wall. Even when the diameter of the boring hole is enlarged, it is necessary to appropriately place the boring hole at the center of the boring hole so that the vibration hammer contacts the hole wall surface. A leaf spring 48 attached to the vibration hammer 42, a rigid rotating piece 44 having two pivots, and a coil spring 52 that presses the rigid rotating piece 44 perform the centralizer function.

  The vibration hammer 42 maintains its head pressed against the hole wall by the leaf spring 48 and the coil spring 52 in the borehole. As shown in B, when the borehole diameter is enlarged, the coil spring 52 pushes the rigid rotating piece 44 forward. At that time, each rigid rotary piece 44 rotates around the fixed pivot r to push the vibration hammer 42 outward. The direction of the vibration hammer 42 is also rotated by the movable pivot s. Due to the balance between the coil spring 52 and the leaf spring 48, the vibration hammer 42 maintains a vertical posture with respect to the hole wall. In this way, the outer diameter of the hitting hammer portion 12 is increased. At this time, since the four rigid rotating pieces 44 rotate in the same manner and the outer shape is deformed, the striking energy of the piston 22 is uniformly transmitted to the respective excitation hammers 42 via the respective rigid rotating pieces 44. .

  Thus, in the present embodiment, the hitting hammer portion 12 is provided with a mechanism that simultaneously hits the four directions in the circumferential direction with the four vibration hammers 42 in the length direction of 2 to 3 cm in the hole axis direction. It can be struck evenly in the circumferential direction of the hole wall as much as possible, it becomes an oscillation point as close as possible to the tomographic investigation in the range of several meters, and it is equal to the circumferential direction as if blasting in the borehole Since the energy is released, an accurate investigation is possible.

  In the above-described embodiment, the four vibration hammers are arranged at 90 ° equally on the circumference. For example, the three vibration hammers are arranged at 120 ° equally on the circumference. Alternatively, it is possible to arrange the eight vibration hammers evenly at 45 ° on the circumference.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Impact energy generation part 12 Impact hammer part 20 Cylinder 22 Piston 40 Rotation link mechanism 42 Excitation hammer 44 Rigid rotation top 46 Support member 48 Leaf spring 50 Tip cover 52 Coil spring

Claims (3)

In-hole excitation provided with a striking energy generating section for driving the piston in the hole axial direction by compressed air, and a striking hammer section for applying a striking force to the hole wall by utilizing the projecting motion of the piston in the hole axial direction. At the source,
The striking hammer part is pressure-bonded and held on the hole wall in a state where the striking force generated by the projecting motion of the piston in the hole axis direction is converted to a direction perpendicular to the hole axis and biased outward by a spring. A vibration hammer that is vibrated via a rotation link mechanism, and a plurality of combinations of the rotation link mechanism and the vibration hammer are arranged evenly on the circumference, so that a single impact energy generating unit is provided. An in-hole excitation source characterized in that each excitation hammer is vibrated by a plurality of pistons so that a hole wall surface perpendicular to the hole axis is directly struck simultaneously at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction.   The vibration hammer is fixed to a leaf spring extending in the axial direction of the hole with its base end fixed to the vibration source housing and the distal end attached to the distal end cover, and the direction of the vibration hammer is always the hole axis. The in-hole excitation source according to claim 1, which is supported by being biased outward so as to maintain a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction.   The rotary link mechanism has a plate-like rigid rotary piece having two sides perpendicular to each other in plan view, and a fixed pivot and a movable pivot located near both ends of one side. The in-hole excitation source according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the excitation source is pivotally supported by a vibration source housing, the base end portion of the vibration hammer is pivotally supported by the movable pivot, and the piston collides with the other side.

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