JP5251613B2 - Shaving cutter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a shaving cutter for finishing a tooth surface of a gear, and particularly to a serration arrangement of teeth of a shaving cutter used in a plunge cut shaving method.

  As a shaving cutter used in such a plunge cut shaving method or an underpass shaving method, the inventor of the present invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-151688 in that the position of the serration cutting blade is sequentially shifted in the direction of the tooth trace. In the shaving cutter, the cutting of the serration acting on the first gear, the second rotation,..., The Nth rotation (N ≧ 2) of the gear to be machined is performed on one tooth of the gear to be machined. A blade with the same blade position is proposed.

  According to such a shaving cutter, the position of the serration cutting blade acting on the first rotation, the second rotation,..., The Nth rotation of the work gear as in the conventional shaving cutter described in Patent Document 2, for example. Compared to the case where is shifted by the same amount of deviation in the tooth trace direction, the cutting blade acting on the first rotation serves as a rough blade, and the cutting blade acting on the same position after the second rotation serves as a finishing blade Therefore, the tooth surface shape accuracy of the work gear can be maintained well, and the life of the shaving cutter can be improved.

Japanese Patent No. 3499830 Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-26276

  By the way, recently, with respect to gears machined by such a shaving cutter, the demand for machining accuracy such as the above-mentioned tooth surface shape accuracy has been further increased along with the improvement of the management accuracy thereof. There has been an increase in problems such as undulations and variations in tooth shapes and teeth after shaving. In particular, in the machining by the conventional shaving cutter described in Patent Document 2, it has become prominent that the tooth profile or the tooth trace of the work gear periodically varies among a plurality of teeth. .

  Such a phenomenon is a phenomenon often seen in the plunge cut shaving method, and it is considered that the sharpness of the serration cutting blade has an effect. That is, in the shaving cutter described in Patent Document 2, since the cutting edge periodically acts on the work gear with a uniform amount of deviation, if the cutting edge varies, this also occurs periodically on the work gear. As a result, the above phenomenon occurs. In addition, since the machining with the shaving cutter is performed by rotating the workpiece gear following the rotation of the cutter, such a phenomenon is also caused by periodic vibration occurring at that time. Prone to occur.

  In this respect, in the shaving cutter described in Patent Document 1, the cutting blade that acts on the first rotation becomes the rough blade as described above, and the cutting blade that acts on the same position after the second rotation becomes the finishing blade. Because it affects the position, the cutting edge variation can be canceled to some extent, but since the cutting amount of the cutting edge that is the finishing edge is very small, there is variation in the cutting edge that becomes the rough edge It ’s hard to counter this. Further, in Patent Document 1, although it is said that even if a cutting edge that is a rough edge is worn, it is possible to process with a cutting edge that is a finishing edge. Then, as a result, only the cutting blade that is a finished blade periodically acts on the work gear, and the state becomes the same as the processing by the shaving cutter described in Patent Document 2.

  The present invention has been made under such a background, and the tooth profile and the tooth streaks periodically vary among a plurality of teeth while maintaining the accuracy of the tooth surface shape of each tooth of the work gear. It is an object of the present invention to provide a shaving cutter that can prevent various phenomena from occurring.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve such an object, the present invention has a plurality of teeth with serrations on the tooth surface, and the position of the cutting blade of the serrations is sequentially shifted in the tooth line direction. In the shaving cutter that has been differentially serrated, the position of the cutting edge acting on the nth rotation of the gear to be machined and the cutting acting on the n + 1th rotation with respect to one tooth of the machining gear to be machined. The amount of deviation from the position of the blade, and the amount of deviation between the position of the cutting blade acting at least n + 1 rotations and the position of the cutting blade acting at n + 2 rotations are not 0 and are different from each other. It is characterized by being.

  According to such a shaving cutter, the amount of deviation between the positions of at least three cutting blades that continuously act on one tooth of the work gear is made different from each other, that is, described in Patent Document 2. As in the case of the shaving cutter, the amount of deviation of the position where the cutting blade acts is made equal to each other, so that the cutting blade does not act uniformly on the work gear. Of these three cutting blades, the cutting blade that acts later is a rough blade among the two cutting blades having a large deviation amount, and the cutting blade with a small deviation amount from the rough blade that acts thereafter is the finishing blade. Therefore, as in Patent Document 1, the accuracy of the tooth surface shape can be maintained for each tooth of the work gear.

  On the other hand, the amount of deviation between the position of the cutting blade acting as the finishing blade and the position of the cutting blade acting as the roughing blade is not 0, that is, the roughing blade and the finishing blade as in the shaving cutter described in Patent Document 1. Do not continuously act on the same position, and the position where the finishing blade acts is shifted from the position where the rough blade acts even if the amount is small. Accordingly, since the tooth surface is formed by the finishing blade in the shifted portion, even if there is a variation in the sharpness of the rough cutting blade, the influence can be mitigated.

  Also, when cutting is performed with the finishing blade acting on the shifted portion, the vibration having a magnitude different from the vibration when the rough blade acts acts on the workpiece at a cycle with a phase different from the cycle at which the rough blade acts. By applying these vibrations to each other and canceling these vibrations, it is also possible to suppress the occurrence of periodic vibrations in the driven gear to be rotated. For this reason, according to the shaving cutter of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a phenomenon in which the tooth profile or the tooth trace of the work gear varies periodically among a plurality of teeth, and there is a high demand for recent machining accuracy. It is possible to machine a gear that can be sufficiently satisfied.

  Here, the amount of deviation between the position of the cutting blade acting on the nth rotation of the work gear and the position of the cutting blade acting on the (n + 1) th rotation, and the cutting acting on at least the (n + 1) th rotation, having different sizes from each other. Regarding the amount of deviation between the blade position and the position of the cutting blade acting on the (n + 2) th rotation, it is desirable that the ratio of the smallest amount to the largest amount is in the range of 0.15 to 0.8. That is, the ratio of the deviation amounts is smaller than the above range, and it is described in Patent Document 1 when the cutting edge that is 0, that is, a rough edge, and the cutting edge that is a finishing edge are close to acting at the same position. If the ratio is larger than the above range, and the amount of deviation is equal, i.e., close to the state where the cutting blade acts uniformly, the shaving cutter described in Patent Document 2 is used. There is a possibility that the effects described above cannot be reliably achieved in any case.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to maintain the accuracy of the tooth surface shape of each tooth of the gear to be cut, and of course, the tooth profile and the tooth trace between the plurality of teeth of the gear to be cut. It is possible to prevent a phenomenon that periodically varies, and it is possible to finish the work gear with higher machining accuracy.

It is the side view which looked at the shaving cutter 1 of the 1st Embodiment of this invention from the axis line O direction. It is a figure which shows the tooth | gear 2 of embodiment shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the case where the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and the to-be-cut gear 10 are meshed, and a shaving process is performed. It is explanatory drawing which showed the arrangement | sequence of the serration in each tooth | gear 2 of embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in order arranged in the circumferential direction. It is explanatory drawing which showed the arrangement | sequence of the serration in each tooth | gear 2 of embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in order which acts on one tooth | gear B1 of the cut gear 10. FIG. It is a figure which shows the state (n = 0 rotation) which mesh | engaged the tooth | gear A1 of embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the tooth | gear B1 of the to-be-cut gear 10. FIG. It is a figure which shows the tooth surface of one tooth | gear B1 of the to-be-cut gear 10 processed by embodiment shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which showed the arrangement | sequence of the serration in each tooth | gear 2 of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention in order which acts on one tooth | gear B1 of the to-be-cut gear 10. FIG. It is a figure which shows the tooth profile shape of the to-be-cut gear by Example 1 based on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the tooth profile shape of the to-be-cut gear by the comparative example with respect to Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the tooth profile shape of the to-be-cut gear by Example 2 based on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

  1 to 7 show an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the shaving cutter 1 of the present embodiment has a substantially disc shape, and a plurality of teeth 2 are provided at equal intervals on the outer periphery thereof. A serration 4 is formed in which a plurality of groove portions 3 are provided at regular intervals in the stripe direction (left and right direction in FIG. 2), and a peak portion formed between the groove portions 3 is defined as a land 5. The ridge lines at both ends are the cutting edges 6.

  Such a shaving cutter 1 has a constant crossing angle α between its rotation axis C and the rotation axis O of the work gear 10 as shown in FIG. 3 and the teeth 2 of the shaving cutter 1 and the work gear. The tooth 11 is meshed with the tooth 11 and the shaving cutter 1 is rotated about the rotation axis C to rotate the work gear 10, and the tooth surface of the tooth 11 of the work gear 10 is caused by the sliding action caused by the rotational motion. Finish processing.

  Here, in the shaving cutter 1 according to the present embodiment, the tooth 2 has, for example, the number of teeth of 13 sheets from A1 to A13, while the work gear 10 processed by the shaving cutter 1 has its teeth. 11 has five teeth of B1 to B5. FIG. 4 shows an arrangement of the serrations 4 in the order in which the teeth 2 of the shaving cutter 1 according to this embodiment are provided in the circumferential direction. As shown in FIG. The position of the serration 4 of each tooth 2 is slightly shifted in the direction of the streak in the order in which they are formed, so that a differential serration is configured.

  FIG. 5 shows the serrations 4 of the shaving cutter 1 arranged in the order in which they act on one tooth 11 of the work gear 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, when the work gear rotates once (n = 1) from the state where the tooth A1 of the shaving cutter 1 and the tooth B1 of the work gear 10 mesh (n = 0 rotation), the shaving cutter The first tooth A6 acts on B1 of the work gear 10, and the same applies to the tooth B1 in the order of the teeth A11, A3, A8,.

  In the shaving cutter 1 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the position of the cutting edge 6 in the serration 4 of the tooth 2 acting on the n-th rotation of the work gear and the serration of the tooth 2 acting on the n + 1-th rotation. 4 and the position X of the cutting blade 6 in the serration 4 of the tooth 2 acting on the n + 2 rotation and the position of the cutting blade 6 in the serration 4 of the tooth 2 acting on the n + 2 rotation. The amount of deviation Y from each other is not 0 and is different from each other.

  More specifically, in this embodiment, the amount of deviation X between the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A1 acting at n = 0 rotation and the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A6 acting at n + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1 rotation. Is smaller than the amount of deviation Y between the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A6 acting on the n + 1 = 1 rotation and the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A11 acting on the n + 2 = 0 + 2 = 2 rotation. The position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A11 acting on the second rotation and the position of the cutting blade 6 of the tooth A3 acting on the third rotation act on the third rotation from the 0th rotation equally to the first rotation. The position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A3 and the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A8 acting on the fourth rotation are set to the same amount Y as the first to second rotation, and this is repeated alternately.

  Here, the deviation amounts X and Y having different sizes are preferably set such that the ratio X / Y of the small amount X to the large amount Y is in the range of 0.15 to 0.8. For example, it is about 0.6. This is because the position of the serration cutting blade acting on the first rotation, second rotation,..., N rotation of the work gear as described in Patent Document 2 is shifted by a certain amount of shift equal to the tooth trace direction. With respect to the shaving cutter, the small amount X is increased or decreased by an equal ratio, for example, -25% of the constant deviation amount, and the large amount Y is + 25% of the constant deviation amount. However, the shift amount Z between the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A9 acting at the 12th rotation and the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A1 acting again after returning to the 13th rotation is (X + Y) / 2.

  The tooth surface of one tooth 11 (B1) of the work gear 10 to be machined by such a shaving cutter 1 is used as it is by the portion of each tooth 2 (A1 to A13) of the shaving cutter 1 being cut by the cutting edge 6. It shows in FIG. 7 as A1-A13. However, in FIG. 7, it is assumed that cutting is performed even in a state where the tooth A1 is first meshed with the tooth B1.

  As shown in FIG. 7, according to the present embodiment, as described above, the cutting edge 6 in the serration 4 of the tooth 2 has the teeth of the work gear 10 approximately alternately with the small amount X and the large amount Y. Since the teeth are cut into the surface, the teeth A1, A11, A8, A5, A2, A12, and A9, which are cut before the small amount X, act as a rough blade with a large cutting amount. The inserted teeth A6, A3, A13, A10, A7, A4 act as a finishing blade with a small cutting amount. For this reason, even if the cutting edge 6 of the tooth 2 acting as a rough blade is worn out and the sharpness is reduced, like the shaving cutter described in Patent Document 1, the finishing process is performed by the cutting edge 6 of the tooth 2 acting as a finishing blade. Therefore, the accuracy of the tooth surface shape of each tooth 11 of the work gear 10 can be maintained.

  On the other hand, the shift amounts X and Y of the position of the cutting edge 6 of these teeth 2 are not 0 even if they are small amounts X, and as shown in FIG. A tooth surface is formed by the teeth 2. For this reason, for example, even if there is a variation in the sharpness of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth 2 acting as a rough blade as described above, this directly affects the tooth 11 of the work gear 10 as it is, and the tooth profile or tooth It is possible to suppress the occurrence of a phenomenon in which streaks vary periodically.

  Further, by making the deviation amounts X and Y different in this way, when the cutting edge 6 of the tooth 2 that is a rough edge acts on the tooth 11 of the work gear 10 and the tooth 2 that is a finishing edge. When the cutting blade 6 acts on the teeth 11 of the work gear 10, impacts of different magnitudes are generated by the cutting, and the vibrations generated in the work gear 10 along with the impacts are different magnitudes and of different phases. . Therefore, by canceling these vibrations with each other, according to the present embodiment, the above-described phenomenon is caused by periodic vibrations occurring in the work gear 10 that rotates following the rotation of the shaving cutter 1. Can also be prevented.

  For this reason, according to the shaving cutter 1 having the above-described configuration, it is possible to reliably prevent the occurrence of such a phenomenon in which the tooth profile or the tooth streaks periodically vary between the plurality of teeth 11 of the work gear 10. It is possible to provide a shaving cutter capable of processing a high-precision and high-quality gear that can sufficiently satisfy the high demands on recent machining accuracy.

  Here, in the present embodiment, these different displacement amounts X and Y are set such that the ratio X / Y of the small displacement amount X to the large displacement amount Y is in the range of 0.15 to 0.8. If this ratio X / Y is too small and close to 0, that is, if any small amount X is relatively close to 0, the position of the cutting blade acting on the first and second rotations of the work gear is the same. This is the same as the shaving cutter described in Patent Document 1, and it may be difficult to reliably suppress the above-described phenomenon. On the other hand, the ratio X / Y becomes too large and is close to 1, that is, there is almost no difference between the deviation amount X and the deviation amount Y, and all the teeth are similar to the shaving cutter described in Patent Document 2. Even if the cutting edge acts uniformly on the work gear, such a phenomenon cannot be prevented, so it is desirable that the ratio X / Y is set in the above range.

  In the shaving cutter 1 of the present embodiment, the cutting edges 6 in the serrations 4 of the plurality of teeth 2 act on the teeth 11 of the work gear 10 almost alternately with such different displacement amounts X and Y. Although it is configured, the tooth 11 of the work gear 10 has a deviation amount different from these deviation amounts X and Y, or a deviation amount equal to one of them, or a deviation amount with respect to either one is 0. You may have the other tooth | gear provided with the cutting blade which acts on.

  For example, FIG. 8 shows an arrangement of serrations of the teeth 2 in the shaving cutter according to the second embodiment of the present invention in the order in which they act on one tooth B1 of the work gear 10, and FIGS. The same reference numerals are assigned to the parts common to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 7, but as shown in FIG. 8, in this embodiment, the cutting edge of the tooth A1 acting on the n = 0th rotation. 6 and the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A6 acting on the n + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1 rotation is the largest deviation amount Y, and the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A6 acting on the n + 1 = 1 rotation And the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A11 acting on the second rotation of n + 2 = 0 + 2 = 2 are set to the second smallest deviation amount V except for a deviation amount Z described later.

  Furthermore, in this second embodiment, the amount of deviation X between the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A11 acting on the second rotation and the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A3 acting on the n + 3 = 3rd rotation is the largest. The amount of deviation W between the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A3 acting on this third rotation and the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A8 acting on n + 4 = 4th rotation is the deviation amount X. , V and smaller than the displacement amount Y, the displacement amount is the second largest displacement amount except for the displacement amount Z, and is repeated in this order. In the second embodiment, the ratio X / Y of the smallest deviation amount X to the largest deviation amount Y among these different deviation amounts V to Y is in the range of 0.15 to 0.8. Has been. In this second embodiment, the amount of deviation Z between the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A9 acting at the 12th rotation and the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A1 acting again after the 13th rotation is X <Z <Y, and the total amount of deviation from the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A1 acting on n = 0 rotation to the position of the cutting edge 6 of the tooth A1 acting again after returning to the thirteenth rotation Is a size that is a positive multiple of the pitch of serration 4.

  That is, in the present invention, the position of the cutting edge 6 acting on the nth rotation (where n is an integer of 0 or more) and the cutting edge acting on the n + 1th rotation with respect to one tooth 11 of the work gear 10. 6 and the amount of deviation between the position of the cutting edge 6 acting on the (n + 1) th rotation and the position of the cutting edge 6 acting on the (n + 2) th rotation are not 0, and It suffices to have a portion having a plurality of teeth 2 having different sizes, and in this case, the ratio X / Y is different from each other except that the deviation amount is 0. Of the deviation amounts, the ratio of the smallest amount to the largest amount may be used.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 9 shows the measurement of the tooth profile of each tooth of the work gear finished by the shaving cutter as Example 1 of the present invention based on the above-described first embodiment, and FIG. 10 shows a comparative example. The tooth profile of each tooth of the work gear finished by a shaving cutter based on Patent Document 2 is measured, and in each case, (a) row shows the right tooth surface and (b) row shows the left tooth surface. .

  Here, the specifications of the gear to be cut are the module 1.97, the pressure angle 17.5 °, the torsion angle 0 °, the number of teeth 18, the basic circle diameter 33.8289 mm, and the tooth width 15 mm. In Example 1 and Comparative Example, module 1.97, pressure angle 17.5 °, twist angle 14.8 °, number of teeth 103, basic circle diameter 199.5690 mm, tooth width 25.4 mm, serration pitch 1.85 mm The land width is 0.75 mm, and in the comparative example, the deviation amounts of the positions of the cutting blades acting on one tooth of the work gear are all equal to 0.15 mm, whereas in the first embodiment, they are small. The deviation amount X was 0.08 mm, the large amount Y was 0.30 mm, and the ratio X / Y was 0.27. Then, the shaving cutters of Example 1 and Comparative Example are meshed with the work gear at an axis crossing angle of 14.8 °, respectively, the cutter rotational speed is 180 rpm, the plunge feed is 0.7 mm / min, the dwell 2, Shaving was performed in 0, 3 sec.

  From the results of FIGS. 9 and 10, the machined gear finished by the shaving cutter of the comparative example has a large variation in the tooth profile on both the left and right tooth surfaces, especially the tooth profile error on the left tooth surface (the left side of each figure). (The numerical value on the right is the pressure angle error), and it can be seen that the variation shows a periodic variation. On the other hand, in the gear to be cut by the shaving cutter according to the first embodiment, the variation in the tooth profile shape is small, and the periodic variation in both the tooth profile error and the pressure angle error is suppressed to be small.

  Next, FIG. 11 shows the measurement of the tooth profile of each tooth of the work gear finished by the shaving cutter of Example 2 of the present invention based on the second embodiment. The right tooth surface, (b) column shows the left tooth surface. The specifications of the work gear in Example 2 are module 2.3, pressure angle 18.5 °, twist angle 31.45 °, number of teeth 16, basic circle diameter 40.2200 mm, and tooth width 38 mm. The specifications of the shaving cutter are module 2.3, pressure angle 18.5 °, torsion angle 16.73 °, number of teeth 97, basic circle diameter 220.2682mm, tooth width 46mm, serration pitch 2.0mm, land width 0.7 mm, small any amount X is 0.14 mm, large any amount Y is 0.32 mm, the ratio X / Y is 0.44, the deviation amount V is 0.18 mm, and the deviation amount W is 0.00. It was 27 mm. Then, the shaving cutter of Example 2 is meshed with the work gear at an axis crossing angle of 14.7 °, the cutter rotation speed is 200 rpm, the plunge feed is 0.9 mm / min, and the dwell is 3, 3, 6 sec. Shaving was performed.

  From the results shown in FIG. 11 as well, in the work gear finished by the shaving cutter of Example 2 according to the present invention, the variation in the tooth profile is small, and there is no periodic variation in the tooth profile error and the pressure angle error. I understand that.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shaving cutter 2, A1-A13 Shaving cutter 1 teeth 4 Serration 6 Cutting blade 10 Work gear 11, B1-B5 Work gear 10 teeth X Small any amount Y Large any amount

Claims (2)

  One tooth of a work gear to be machined in a shaving cutter having a plurality of teeth with serrations on the tooth surface, and the position of the cutting blades of the serrations being sequentially shifted in the direction of the teeth and differential differential In contrast, the amount of deviation between the position of the cutting edge acting on the nth rotation of the work gear and the position of the cutting edge acting on the n + 1th rotation, and the position of the cutting blade acting on at least the n + 1th rotation The shaving cutter is characterized in that the amount of deviation from the position of the cutting blade acting on the n + 2 rotation is not 0, but is different from each other.   2. The shaving cutter according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the smallest amount to the largest one of the deviation amounts having different sizes is in a range of 0.15 to 0.8. .

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