JP5251219B2 - Rotor for permanent magnet rotating machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is used in a permanent magnet rotating machine in which a rotor in which a plurality of permanent magnet segments are embedded in a rotor core and a stator wound with a stator core having a plurality of slots are arranged with a gap therebetween. A rotor (so-called magnet embedded structure rotating machine (IPM rotating machine: IPM: Interior Permanent Magnet)), or a rotor having a plurality of permanent magnet segments attached to the rotor core surface, and a winding wound around a stator core having a plurality of slots A rotor used for a permanent magnet rotating machine in which a wound stator is arranged through a gap (a so-called surface magnet type rotating machine (SPM: Surface Permanent Magnet), particularly a motor for an electric vehicle that performs high-speed rotation Rotation for permanent magnet structure type rotating machine ideal for motors, generators, FA motors On.

  Nd-based sintered magnets are increasingly used because of their excellent magnetic properties. In recent years, in the field of rotating machines such as motors and generators, permanent magnet rotating machines using Nd-based sintered magnets have been developed along with reductions in the size, performance, and energy saving of equipment. An IPM rotating machine having a structure in which a magnet is embedded in the rotor can utilize a reluctance torque due to the magnetization of the rotor yoke in addition to a torque due to the magnetization of the magnet. Therefore, research is progressing as a high-performance rotating machine. . Since the magnet is embedded inside the rotor yoke made of silicon steel plate, etc., the magnet does not pop out due to centrifugal force even during rotation, the mechanical safety is high, and the current phase is controlled to operate at high torque And can be operated at a wide range of speeds, resulting in an energy saving, high efficiency, high torque motor. In recent years, the use as electric motors, hybrid cars, high-performance air conditioners, industrial motors, electric motors and generators has been rapidly expanding.

  Further, the SPM rotating machine having a shape in which a magnet is bonded to the surface of the rotor can efficiently use the strong magnetism of the Nd magnet, has good linearity of motor torque, and has excellent controllability. If the magnet shape is optimized, the motor has a small cogging torque. Used in some electric vehicles, electric power steering, and other control motors.

  The permanent magnet in the rotating machine is exposed to a high temperature due to the heat generated by the winding and the iron core, and is in a state where it is very easily demagnetized by the demagnetizing field from the winding. For this reason, there is a demand for Nd-based sintered magnets that have a coercive force that is an index of heat resistance and demagnetization resistance at a certain level and that has as high a residual magnetic flux density as possible that is an index of the magnitude of the magnetic force.

  Furthermore, the electrical resistance of the Nd-based sintered magnet is a conductor of 100 to 200 μΩ · cm, and when the rotor rotates, the magnetic flux density of the magnet fluctuates, and an accompanying eddy current is generated. An effective means for reducing the eddy current is to divide the magnet body in order to break the eddy current path. Although the eddy current loss is reduced as it is subdivided, it is necessary to consider the increase in manufacturing cost and the decrease in output due to the decrease in the magnet volume due to the gap.

  The path of the eddy current flows in a plane perpendicular to the magnetization direction of the magnet, and the current density is higher at the outer peripheral portion. In addition, the current density is high on the surface close to the stator. That is, the amount of heat generated by the eddy current is larger near the magnet surface and becomes higher, so that this portion is particularly easily demagnetized. In order to suppress demagnetization due to eddy currents, an Nd-based sintered magnet having a coercive force that is an index of demagnetization resistance at the magnet surface is higher than that inside the magnet.

There are several methods for improving the coercive force.
The increase in the residual magnetic flux density of the Nd-based sintered magnet has been achieved by increasing the volume fraction of Nd ₂ Fe ₁₄ B compound and improving the degree of crystal orientation, and various processes have been improved so far. Regarding the increase in coercive force, among the various approaches such as refinement of crystal grains, use of a composition alloy with an increased Nd amount, or addition of an effective element, the most common method at present is , Dy or Tb, and a composition alloy in which a part of Nd is substituted. By substituting Nd of the Nd ₂ Fe ₁₄ B compound with these elements, the anisotropic magnetic field of the compound increases and the coercive force also increases. On the other hand, substitution with Dy or Tb reduces the saturation magnetic polarization of the compound. Therefore, as long as the coercive force is increased by the above method, a decrease in the residual magnetic flux density is inevitable.

  In the Nd-based sintered magnet, the coercive force is the magnitude of the external magnetic field generated by the nucleus of the reverse magnetic domain at the crystal grain interface. The structure of the crystal grain interface strongly influences the nucleation of the reverse magnetic domain, and the disorder of the crystal structure in the vicinity of the interface causes the disorder of the magnetic structure and promotes the generation of the reverse magnetic domain. In general, it is considered that a magnetic structure from a crystal interface to a depth of about 5 nm contributes to an increase in coercive force (Non-Patent Document 1: K.-D. Durst and H. Kronmuller, “ THE COERCIVE FIELD OF SINTERED AND MELT-SPUN NdFeB MAGNETS ", Journal of Magnetics and Magnetic Materials 68 (1987) 63-75).

The present inventors concentrated a small amount of Dy and Tb only in the vicinity of the crystal grain interface, and increased the anisotropy magnetic field only in the vicinity of the interface, thereby increasing the coercive force while suppressing the decrease in the residual magnetic flux density. (Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-31807). Furthermore, a manufacturing method has been established in which an Nd ₂ Fe ₁₄ B compound composition alloy and an alloy rich in Dy or Tb are separately manufactured and then mixed and sintered (Patent Document 2: JP-A-5-21218). In this method, an alloy rich in Dy or Tb becomes a liquid phase during sintering and is distributed so as to surround the Nd ₂ Fe ₁₄ B compound. As a result, Nd and Dy or Tb are replaced only near the grain boundary of the compound, and the coercive force can be effectively increased while suppressing a decrease in the residual magnetic flux density.

However, in the above method, since two kinds of alloy fine powders are mixed and sintered at a high temperature of 1,000 to 1,100 ° C., Dy or Tb is not limited to the interface of Nd ₂ Fe ₁₄ B crystal grains. Easy to diffuse into the interior. From observation of the structure of the magnet actually obtained, it diffuses from the interface to a depth of about 1 to 2 μm at the surface of the grain boundary, and the diffused region is 60% or more when converted to a volume fraction. Further, the longer the diffusion distance into the crystal grain, the lower the concentration of Dy or Tb in the vicinity of the interface. Although it is effective to lower the sintering temperature in order to suppress excessive diffusion into the crystal grains as much as possible, this cannot be a practical method because it simultaneously inhibits densification by sintering. In the method of sintering at a low temperature while applying stress by hot pressing or the like, densification is possible, but there is a problem that productivity becomes extremely low.

  On the other hand, after processing the sintered magnet to a small size, Dy and Tb are deposited on the magnet surface by sputtering, and the magnet is heat-treated at a temperature lower than the sintering temperature to diffuse Dy and Tb only at the grain boundary part. A method for increasing the coercive force has been reported (Non-Patent Document 2: K. T. Park, K. Hiraga and M. Sagawa, "Effect of Metal-Coating and Conscientious Heat Treatment on Co-Circency of T Sintered Magnets ", Proceedings of the Sixteen International Works on Rare-Earth Magnets and Ther Application , Sendai, p. 257 (2000), Non-Patent Document 3: Kenichi Machida, Naoshi Kawamata, Toshiharu Suzuki, Masahiro Ito, Takashi Horikawa, “Granular boundary modification and magnetic properties of Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnet”, (Refer to the collection of lectures by the Powder and Powder Metallurgy Association, 2004 Spring Meeting, p. 202). In these methods, since Dy and Tb can be more efficiently concentrated at the grain boundary, it is possible to increase the coercive force with almost no decrease in the residual magnetic flux density. Moreover, since the amount of Dy and Tb supplied increases as the specific surface area of the magnet increases, that is, the magnet body decreases, this method is applicable only to small or thin magnets. However, there is a problem that the productivity is poor in the deposition of the metal film by sputtering or the like.

Patent Document 3: International Publication No. 2006/043348 is shown as means for solving these problems, having mass productivity, and improving coercive force efficiently. This is one or two selected from R ² oxide, R ³ fluoride, and R ⁴ oxyfluoride with respect to R ¹ —Fe—B based sintered magnet represented by Nd based sintered magnet. It is included in the powder by heating in a state where powder containing one or more species (where R ^{1 to} R ⁴ are one or more selected from rare earth elements including Y and Sc) is present on the magnet surface. The R ² , R ^3, or R ⁴ that has been absorbed is absorbed by the magnet body, and the coercive force is increased while significantly suppressing the decrease in the residual magnetic flux density. In particular, when R ³ fluoride or R ⁴ oxyfluoride is used, R ³ or R ⁴ is absorbed into the magnet body together with fluorine with high efficiency, and a sintered magnet having a high residual magnetic flux density and a large coercive force is obtained. It is what

Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-31807 JP-A-5-21218 International Publication No. 2006/043348 Pamphlet K. -D. Durst and H.M. Kronmuller, “THE COERCIVE FIELD OF SINTERED AND MELT-SPUN NdFeB MAGNETS”, Journal of Magnetics and Magnetic Materials 68 (1987) 63-75. K. T.A. Park, K.M. Hiraga and M.M. Sagawa, "Effect of Metal-Coating and Consecutive Heat Treatment on Coercivity of Thin Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnets", Proceedings of the Sixteen International Workshop on Rare-Earth Magnets and Their Applications, Sendai, p. 257 (2000) Kenichi Machida, Naoshi Kawamata, Toshiharu Suzuki, Masahiro Ito, Takashi Horikawa, “Granular boundary modification and magnetic properties of Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnets”, Proceedings of the Powder and Powder Metallurgy Association, Spring Meeting of 2004, p. 202

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a rotor for a permanent magnet type rotating machine having high output and heat resistance.

  As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the inventors of the present invention have found that each permanent magnet segment is further finely divided in an IPM rotating machine or SPM rotating machine using a plurality of permanent magnet segments. It is composed of an aggregate, and the coercive force or heat resistance in the vicinity of the surface of each permanent magnet (divided magnet) of the permanent magnet aggregate is higher than the coercive force or heat resistance inside the permanent magnet (divided magnet). It was found that it was effective to use what was done. In this case, the present inventors have found that the methods of Non-Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 3 described above are suitable for a high-power rotating machine without reducing the residual magnetic flux density, and further, coercive force in the vicinity of the surface of the split magnet. Therefore, when used in a rotor of an IPM rotating machine or an SPM rotating machine, it was thought that demagnetization due to eddy current heat generation can be suppressed. Applying to individual segmented magnets is effective in achieving the object of the present invention, and in particular, using an Nd-based sintered magnet, segmenting the magnets to suppress eddy current heat generation, and rotating them with permanent magnets The magnet for the rotor of the IPM rotating machine or the SPM rotating machine of the machine is a permanent magnet type in which the coercive force in the vicinity of the surface is larger than the internal coercive force and the heat resistance in the vicinity of the surface is improved. For rotating machine Is obtained by finding that for the rotor is effective in IPM or SPM rotary machine.

  More specifically, the inventors of the present invention have found that in order to reduce eddy current heat generation, a magnet in a permanent magnet type rotating machine using divided magnets has a particularly high temperature near the surface of the magnet due to eddy current heat generation. Found it to be higher. In order to increase the heat resistance of the magnet, it is effective to increase the coercive force in the vicinity of the magnet surface where the temperature increases. In particular, in order to improve the coercive force in the vicinity of the magnet surface, the Nd-based sintered magnet is directed from the surface to the inside. All the coercive force gradients use a magnet formed by diffusing Dy or Tb from the magnet surface toward the inside. In this case, diffusion of Dy or Tb from the magnet surface toward the inside is mainly caused by crystal grains. For example, Dy or Tb oxide powder or Dy or Tb fluoride powder or alloy containing Dy or Tb on the surface of the magnet as a diffusion reaction of Dy or Tb from the magnet surface toward the inside. The inventors have found that a method of applying powder and then diffusing at high temperature is effective, and have come to make the present invention.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the following rotor for permanent magnet type rotating machine and permanent magnet type rotating machine.
Claim 1:
A rotor used in a permanent magnet rotating machine in which a rotor in which a plurality of permanent magnet segments are embedded in a rotor core and a stator wound around a stator core having a plurality of slots are arranged via a gap, or In a rotor used for a permanent magnet rotating machine in which a rotor having a plurality of permanent magnet segments attached to a rotor core surface and a stator wound around a stator core having a plurality of slots are arranged with a gap therebetween, Each of the plurality of permanent magnet segments is composed of an assembly of permanent magnets that are further divided, and the divided permanent magnets are only subjected to surface grinding on the sintered magnet block so that the cross-sectional shape is rectangular, trapezoidal or arcuate and with the those, coercivity of the internal permanent magnet coercive force is divided respectively in the vicinity of the surface of each divided individual permanent magnets Permanent magnet type rotating machine rotor, characterized in that it is larger.
Claim 2:
A rotor used in a permanent magnet rotating machine in which a rotor in which a plurality of permanent magnet segments are embedded in a rotor core and a stator wound around a stator core having a plurality of slots are arranged via a gap, or In a rotor used in a permanent magnet rotating machine in which a rotor having a plurality of permanent magnet segments attached to a rotor core surface and a stator wound around a stator core having a plurality of slots are arranged with a gap therebetween Each of the plurality of permanent magnet segments is composed of an assembly of further divided permanent magnets, and the divided permanent magnets are only subjected to surface grinding on the sintered magnet block, and the cross-sectional shape is rectangular, trapezoidal or arcuate and with the those, heat inside the magnet heat resistance near the surface of the divided individual permanent magnets are divided respectively Permanent magnet type rotating machine rotor, characterized in that it is higher.
Claim 3:
The rotor for a permanent magnet type rotating machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the divided permanent magnet is an Nd-based rare earth sintered magnet.
Claim 4:
The coercive force gradient from the surface to the inside of the Nd-based rare earth sintered magnet is formed by diffusing Dy or Tb from the magnet surface to the inside. Rotor for permanent magnet rotating machine.
Claim 5:
The coercive force gradient from the surface to the inside of the Nd-based rare earth sintered magnet is characterized in that Dy or Tb is diffused mainly through the crystal grain boundary from the magnet surface to the inside. The rotor for a permanent magnet type rotating machine according to claim 3.
Claim 6:
Dy or Tb diffusion from the surface of the Nd-based rare earth sintered magnet toward the inside is Dy or Tb oxide powder, Dy or Tb fluoride powder, or alloy powder containing Dy or Tb on the surface of the magnet The rotor for a permanent magnet type rotating machine according to claim 4, wherein Dy or Tb is diffused by applying the coating and then maintaining the temperature at a high temperature.

  According to the present invention, a high residual magnetic flux density and a high coercive force suitable for a rotor of an IPM or SPM permanent magnet type rotating machine, especially a permanent magnet having a high coercive force at the outer periphery of the magnet, particularly an Nd sintered magnet is divided. A permanent magnet rotating machine having high output and heat resistance used for a rotor as a magnet can be provided.

  In the permanent magnet type rotating machine according to the present invention, a rotor in which a plurality of permanent magnet segments are embedded in a rotor core and a stator wound with a winding around a stator core having a plurality of slots are arranged via a gap. A rotor used in a permanent magnet rotating machine, or a rotor in which a plurality of permanent magnet segments are attached to the surface of a rotor core, and a stator wound around a stator core having a plurality of slots are arranged via a gap. A rotor used in a permanent magnet rotating machine (so-called surface magnet type rotating machine). In the present invention, each of the plurality of permanent magnet segments is composed of an assembly of permanent magnets (divided magnets) that are further finely divided. In addition, the coercive force or heat resistance in the vicinity of the surface of the divided magnet of each permanent magnet assembly is larger or higher than the internal coercive force or heat resistance. Than is.

  Here, as such an IPM rotating machine, the one shown in FIG. 1 is exemplified. That is, in FIG. 1, 1 is a rotor (rotor), 2 is a stator, and the rotor (rotor) 1 shows a four-pole structure in which a permanent magnet segment 12 is embedded in a rotor yoke 11 in which electromagnetic steel plates are laminated. For example, a rectangular magnet may be arranged in four poles. The number of poles is selected according to the purpose of the rotating machine. The stator 2 has a 6-slot structure in which electromagnetic steel plates are laminated, and a coil 13 is wound around each tooth by concentrated winding. The coil 13 has a U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase three-phase Y connection. . In the figure, reference numeral 14 denotes a stator yoke. The subscripts + and − of U, V, and W shown in FIG. 1 indicate the winding direction of the coil, + means the direction of exiting from the page, and − means the direction of entry. With the positional relationship between the rotor and the stator shown in FIG. 1, the U-phase is a cosine wave AC current, the V-phase is an AC current that is 120 ° more advanced than the U-phase, and the W-phase is 240 ° more advanced than the U-phase. By passing an alternating current, the rotor rotates counterclockwise due to the interaction between the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet and the magnetic flux of the coil. In the figure, the direction of the arrow attached to the permanent segment 12 is the magnetization direction.

  In the present invention, the permanent magnet segment 12 is composed of an assembly of a plurality of divided permanent magnets (divided magnets) 12a, for example, as shown in FIG. 3B.

  In this case, the split magnet 12a is preferably an Nd-based rare earth sintered magnet. As the Nd-based sintered magnet, a sintered magnet obtained by roughly pulverizing, finely pulverizing, forming and sintering a mother alloy according to a conventional method is used. In the present invention, as described above, individual sintering is performed. The coercive force or heat resistance in the vicinity of the surface of the magnet is used in which the internal coercive force or heat resistance is increased or increased. This is because Dy or Tb is diffused from the magnet surface toward the inside. It can be formed by diffusing via grain boundaries. Specifically, Dy or Tb is deposited on the surface of the split magnet by sputtering, and the split magnet is heat-treated at a temperature lower than the sintering temperature, so that Dy and Tb are diffused only in the grain boundary portion to increase the coercive force. In a state in which the method, the oxide of Dy or Tb, the powder of fluoride or oxyfluoride is present on the surface of the segmented magnet, the segmented magnet and the powder are vacuumed at a temperature equal to or lower than the sintering temperature of the segmented magnet. What was obtained by the method of heat-processing in an inert gas is used.

  More preferably, Dy or Tb oxide powder, Dy or Tb fluoride powder, or alloy powder containing Dy or Tb is applied to the surface of the split magnet, and then held at a high temperature to diffuse Dy or Tb. Can be obtained by:

  Here, the permanent magnet (divided magnet) used in the IPM rotating machine is obtained by grinding a sintered magnet block into a predetermined shape using a grindstone, a cutting blade, a wire saw or the like. The cross-sectional shape is often rectangular as shown in FIG. 2A from the viewpoint of ease of making, but the trapezoid shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C is used to improve the characteristics of the rotating machine. Or bowed. In FIG. 2, the arrow direction is the magnetization direction M.

  The size of the split magnet is not particularly limited. In the present invention, in order to diffuse Dy and Tb from the split magnet, the diffusion ratio of Dy and Tb increases as the specific surface area of the split magnet increases, that is, the size decreases. Therefore, for example, in FIGS. 3A, 6A, and 10A, the smallest dimension among W, L, and T is 50 mm or less, preferably 30 mm or less, and particularly preferably 20 mm or less. preferable. In addition, the minimum in particular of the said dimension is not restrict | limited, It is 0.1 mm or more as a practical value.

In the present invention, the material magnet is cut so as to have the desired characteristics of the permanent magnet body, and the divided magnets are appropriately formed. The number of divisions of the permanent magnet segments is in the range of about 2 to 50, preferably 4 to 25, and an aggregate is formed by bonding them with an adhesive. Here, as shown in FIGS. 3 (B), 6 (B), and 10 (B), the aggregate is a rectangular parallelepiped, curved plate-like divided magnet 12a in the W direction (axial direction). Or the longitudinal direction) is aligned with the horizontal direction, or a plurality of the stacked magnets are stacked, or as shown in FIG. 12A, the axial direction of the rectangular parallelepiped segmented magnet 12a is aligned with the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 12 (B), a plurality of the divided magnets 12a are stacked in the vertical direction and are assembled in parallel in a line in the horizontal direction. As shown in FIG. 12 (C), the rectangular parallelepiped segmented magnets 12a may be arranged in various forms such as two sets of stacked magnets 12a stacked in parallel as shown in FIG. 3 (B). And is not limited to the illustrated assembly.
The laminated magnet assembly is inserted into a hole arranged in the rotor to obtain a magnet-embedded rotor.
In the IPM rotating machine, the magnetic flux passing through the permanent magnet constantly changes with the rotation of the rotor, and an eddy current is generated inside the magnet due to this magnetic field fluctuation. The eddy current path flows in a plane perpendicular to the magnetization direction of the magnet.

Even in the divided magnet 12a, the eddy current flows in a plane perpendicular to the magnetization direction. The flow of eddy current and the temperature distribution inside the magnet are summarized as a schematic diagram in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the density of the eddy current increases at the outer periphery of each magnet, and the temperature rises. Since the magnetic field fluctuation on the stator side is large, the temperature distribution in the magnetization direction is slightly higher on the stator side than on the center side of the rotating shaft. In order to suppress demagnetization due to eddy current, an Nd magnet having a coercive force that is an index of demagnetization resistance in the vicinity of the magnet surface corresponding to the outer peripheral portion of the magnet is required. The magnet does not generate excessive eddy currents, so it does not require more coercive force.
FIG. 3 is a diagram in which Dy or Tb is diffused from the entire surface of the segmented magnet 12a (the hatched portion is the surface in which Dy or Tb is diffused in FIG. 3) [FIG. FIG. 3B illustrates an example in which five raised magnets 12a are integrated with an adhesive.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, the segmented magnet 12a in FIG. 6 was subjected to Dy or Tb absorption / diffusion treatment from four surfaces parallel to the magnetization direction in one segmented magnet (in the figure, the hatched portion is Dy or Tb diffused surface, 2 surfaces of XY surface without hatching are untreated), then 5 of the divided magnets are integrated with adhesive (in the figure, hatched portion diffuses Dy or Tb) 6B. Even in the configuration as shown in Fig. 3 or Fig. 6, the coercive force serving as an index of demagnetization resistance in the vicinity of the magnet surface corresponding to the outer periphery of the magnet is greater than the inside of the magnet. A high Nd magnet can be obtained, and the vicinity of the surface means a region from the surface to about 6 mm.

  As a result of diffusion absorption treatment of elements such as Dy and Tb which are particularly effective in increasing the magnetocrystalline anisotropy from the surface of the sintered magnet body, the coercive force of the Nd-based sintered magnet is hardly accompanied by a reduction in residual magnetic flux density. Is effectively increased, so that the coercivity of the sintered magnet body can be distributed. The state of coercive force distribution of the magnet obtained by the diffusion absorption process from the entire magnet surface shown in FIG. 3 is summarized in FIG. The coercive force in the vicinity of the magnet surface is higher than the coercive force inside the magnet. FIG. 7 shows the coercivity distribution of the magnets obtained by the diffusion absorption process from four surfaces parallel to the magnetization direction among the magnet surfaces shown in FIG. The coercive force in the vicinity of the magnet surface is higher than the coercive force inside the magnet, but since there is no diffusion absorption from the surface perpendicular to the magnetization direction, the coercive force of these surfaces is not improved. In the case of the IPM rotating machine, heat generation due to eddy current is particularly large on the four planes (XZ plane, YZ plane) parallel to the magnetization direction, so that the heat resistance can be improved even with the coercive force distribution of FIG. In any form, since the coercive force is increased near the magnet surface, the distribution is effective in improving the heat resistance against eddy current heat generation.

An example of the SPM rotating machine is shown in FIG. The rotor (rotor) 1 has a structure in which a permanent magnet segment 12 is bonded to the surface of a rotor yoke 11, and is composed of a stator (stator) 2 having a plurality of slots arranged with gaps. The stator 2 is the same as the IPM rotating machine. This rotating machine is used for an AC servo motor or the like that requires highly accurate torque control. The torque must be small in pulsation. Therefore, when the rotor rotates, the cogging torque (torque in the state where no current flows through the coil) due to the change in the magnetic flux distribution of the air gap from the positional relationship between the stator slot and the permanent magnet, It is not preferable that torque ripple occurs when driven by passing an electric current. Torque ripple causes noise as well as poor controllability. As a method of reducing the cogging torque, a split magnet 12a having a shape in which the end portion of the permanent magnet is thinner than the central portion as shown in FIGS. 9C and 10A is used. As a result, the magnetic flux distribution at the end of the permanent magnet, which is the switching portion of the magnetic poles with a large change in the magnetic flux distribution, becomes smooth, and the cogging torque can be reduced. Therefore, a C-type magnet as shown in FIGS. 9C and 10A is often used, and a D-type magnet shown in FIG. 9B is also used. From the viewpoint of ease of production, the rectangular magnet shown in FIG. 9A may be used.

  Even in the SPM rotating machine, an eddy current flows through the permanent magnet, and the split magnet 12a as shown in FIG. 10A is effective for reducing the eddy current. FIG. 10 (B) shows an example in which four divided magnets 12a in which Dy or Tb is diffused from the surface of the magnet (the hatched portion is the surface in which Dy or Tb is diffused) are integrated with an adhesive. It is. Even in the divided magnet 12a, the eddy current flows in a plane perpendicular to the magnetization direction. The flow of eddy current and the temperature distribution inside the magnet are summarized as a schematic diagram in FIG. As shown in FIG. 11, the density of the eddy current increases at the outer periphery of each magnet, and the temperature rises. Since the magnetic field fluctuation on the stator side is large, the temperature distribution in the magnetization direction is high on the stator side. The temperature distribution in the magnetization direction is larger than that of the IPM motor. In the present invention, an Nd magnet that suppresses demagnetization due to eddy current and has a coercive force that is an index of demagnetization resistance in the vicinity of the outer surface of the magnet and in the vicinity of the surface of the stator is used.

  Like the IPM rotating machine, the crystal magnetic anisotropy is increased from the surface of the Nd-based sintered magnet, and the surface of the divided magnet is diffused and absorbed with elements such as Dy and Tb, so that there is almost no reduction in residual magnetic flux density. In addition, a magnet having a high coercive force near the surface of the magnet can be obtained, and a rotor for an SPM rotating machine with improved heat resistance can be obtained.

  Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[Examples and Comparative Examples]
<Magnetic Characteristics of Examples and Comparative Examples>
Nd, Co, Al, Fe metal having a purity of 99% by mass or more and ferroboron are weighed in predetermined amounts and melted at high frequency in an Ar atmosphere, and this molten alloy is poured into a single copper roll in an Ar atmosphere by a so-called strip casting method. A thin plate-like alloy was used. The composition of the obtained alloy is 13.5 atomic% Nd, 1.0 atomic% Co, 0.5 atomic% Al, 5.8 atomic% B, and the balance Fe. Called. The alloy A was occluded with hydrogen and then heated to 500 ° C. while being evacuated to partially release hydrogen, so that a coarse powder of 30 mesh or less was obtained by so-called hydrogen pulverization. Further, Nd, Tb, Fe, Co, Al, Cu metal having a purity of 99% by mass or more and ferroboron were weighed in predetermined amounts, melted by high frequency in an Ar atmosphere, and then cast. The composition of the resulting alloy is Nd 20 atom%, Tb 10 atom%, Fe 24 atom%, B 6 atom%, Al 1 atom%, Cu 2 atom%, and Co remaining. Is referred to as Alloy B. Alloy B was coarsely pulverized to 30 mesh or less using a brown mill in a nitrogen atmosphere.

Subsequently, 90% by mass of the alloy A powder and 10% by mass of the alloy B powder were weighed and mixed for 30 minutes in a nitrogen-substituted V blender. This mixed powder was finely pulverized to a mean powder particle size of 4 μm by a jet mill using high-pressure nitrogen gas. The obtained mixed fine powder was molded at a pressure of about 1 ton / cm ² while being oriented in a magnetic field of 15 kOe under a nitrogen atmosphere. Next, this compact was put into a sintering furnace in an Ar atmosphere and sintered at 1,060 ° C. for 2 hours to produce a permanent magnet block. The permanent magnet block was ground to a rectangular parallelepiped magnet as shown in FIG. 3 with a diamond grindstone. The dimensions are L = 18 mm, W = 70 mm, and T = 20 mm (T is the direction in which magnetic anisotropy is achieved). A C-type magnet as shown in FIG. 10 was also produced by full grinding. The dimensions are L = 22.5 mm, W = 100 mm, and T = 11 mm. The ground magnet body was washed with an alkaline solution, and then washed with an acid and dried. A cleaning process with pure water is included before and after each cleaning.

  Next, dysprosium fluoride having an average powder particle size of 5 μm was mixed with ethanol at a mass fraction of 50%, and the rectangular parallelepiped and the C-shaped magnet were immersed for 1 minute while applying ultrasonic waves thereto. The magnet pulled up was immediately dried with hot air. The occupation ratio of the magnet surface space by dysprosium fluoride at this time was 45%. This was subjected to an absorption treatment at 900 ° C. for 1 hour in an Ar atmosphere, and further subjected to an aging treatment at 500 ° C. for 1 hour, followed by rapid cooling, thereby obtaining a rectangular parallelepiped magnet body M1 and a C-type magnet body M3. For comparison, a rectangular parallelepiped magnet body subjected only to heat treatment was designated as P1, and a C-type magnet body was designated as P2.

  To magnets having the same shape as M1 and M3, terbium fluoride having an average powder particle size of 5 μm was mixed with ethanol at a mass fraction of 50% and applied to four surfaces parallel to the magnetization direction of the magnets. The magnet was immediately dried with hot air. At this time, the occupation ratio of the magnet surface space by terbium fluoride was 45%. This was subjected to an absorption treatment at 900 ° C. for 1 hour in an Ar atmosphere, and further subjected to an aging treatment at 500 ° C. for 1 hour, followed by rapid cooling to obtain a magnet body. This rectangular parallelepiped magnet body is referred to as M2, and the C-type magnet body is referred to as M4.

Table 1 shows the magnetic properties (VSM measurement) of these magnet bodies. A sample for evaluating magnetic properties was cut out into a cube having a side of 1 mm as described below, and the magnetic properties of each part of the magnet were evaluated.
Position of magnetic property sample The magnetic property sample is 1 mm square, 1 mm square from the surface to 1 mm M1, M2, P1 is the center in the W direction, the center in the T direction, and the surface in the L direction is 1 mm M3, M4, P2 is the W Center of direction, center of L direction, center part up to 1mm surface in T direction Literally 1mm square of center part M1, M2, P1 are center of W direction, center of T direction, center of L direction (9mm from surface)
M3, M4, and P2 are the center in the W direction, the center in the L direction, and the center in the T direction (5.5 mm from the surface).

The permanent magnet body M1 according to the present invention showed an increase in coercive force of 500 kAm ^{−1 at} the outermost peripheral portion with respect to the coercive force of the magnet body P1 not subjected to the dysprosium absorption treatment. Since the inside of the magnet has a distance of 9 mm from the surface, dysprosium was not absorbed and the coercive force did not change. When the distribution of coercive force was examined in detail, an increase in coercive force was recognized from the surface to 6 mm. Further, the magnet body M2 subjected to the terbium absorption treatment also has an increase in coercive force up to 6 mm from the surface, and an increase in coercive force of 800 kAm ⁻¹ with respect to the coercive force of the magnet body P1 which has not been applied. The decrease in the residual magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet of the present invention was a slight 5 mT. Next, in the permanent magnet body M3 according to the present invention, an increase in coercive force of 500 kAm ⁻¹ was observed at the outermost periphery. Since the distance from the surface inside the magnet was 5.5 mm, which was smaller than the magnet body M1, dysprosium diffused and absorbed from the surface perpendicular to the magnetization direction, and the coercive force increased by 100 kAm- ¹ . Also, the magnet body M4 subjected to absorption treatment terbium performs surface against the coercive force of the magnet P1 not 800KAm ^-1, internally coercive force increase of 200KAm ^-1 is observed. For comparison, a permanent magnet was prepared using a composition alloy in which a part of Nd of alloy A was replaced with Dy, and the coercive force was increased by 500 kAm ⁻¹ . As a result, the residual magnetic flux density was reduced by 50 mT.

  Dy and F were observed in the magnet from the backscattered electron image and EPMA of the magnet body M1. Since the magnet before processing does not contain Dy and F, the presence of Dy and F in the magnet body M1 is due to the absorption processing of the present invention. The absorbed Dy is concentrated only in the vicinity of the crystal grain boundary. On the other hand, fluorine (F) is also present in the grain boundary part, and forms an oxyfluoride by being combined with an oxide that is an inevitable impurity contained in the magnet before the treatment. This Dy distribution makes it possible to increase the coercive force while minimizing the decrease in residual magnetic flux density.

<IPM motor characteristics using magnets of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1>
The motor characteristics when the magnet bodies M1 and M2 of the present invention and the magnet body P1 of the comparative example are incorporated in a permanent magnet motor will be described.
The permanent magnet motor is the IPM motor shown in FIG. The rotor has a quadrupole structure in which permanent magnets are embedded in a rotor yoke in which 0.5 mm electromagnetic steel plates are laminated. The rotor yoke has an outer diameter of 312 mm and a height of 90 mm. The embedded permanent magnet has a width of 70 mm, a magnetic anisotropy direction of 20 mm, and an axial direction of 90 mm. A magnet divided into five in the axial direction was used. The stator is a 6-slot structure in which 0.5 mm electromagnetic steel plates are laminated, and each coil is wound with concentrated winding for 60 turns, and the coil has a U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase three-phase Y connection. It has become.

The magnet bodies M1 and M2 subjected to the treatment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3 and P1 without treatment were bonded together with an epoxy adhesive, and then magnetized and assembled into a rotor yoke. Motors incorporating each magnet were designated as MM1, MM2, and MP1. Evaluate the demagnetization factor of the permanent magnet from the ratio of the torque immediately after the operation and the torque when it is operated again in a sufficiently cooled state after continuous operation for 1 hour at an effective current of 50A and 2,400 rpm for each phase. did. The results are summarized in Table 2. Here, A: torque immediately after operation, B: torque immediately after operation again in a sufficiently cooled state after continuous operation, demagnetization factor = (A + B) / A (%)
Since both the states A and B are immediately after operation, the temperature of the magnet is the same. The amount of change corresponds to the amount of decrease in the magnet temperature due to eddy current loss in continuous operation. Under this test condition, MP1 of Comparative Example 1 showed 11% torque reduction, but MM1 and MM2 of Examples showed almost no torque reduction. This confirms that demagnetization due to eddy current loss can be suppressed by improving the coercive force in the vicinity of the magnet surface.

<SPM Motor Characteristics Using Magnets of Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Example 2>
The motor characteristics when the magnet bodies M3 and M4 of the present invention and the magnet body P2 of the comparative example are incorporated in a permanent magnet motor will be described.
The permanent magnet motor is an SPM motor shown in FIG. The rotor has a four-pole structure in which a permanent magnet is fixed with an adhesive on the surface of a rotor yoke in which 0.5 mm electromagnetic steel plates are laminated. The outer diameter of the rotor is 312 mm and the height is 90 mm. The embedded permanent magnet has a width of 100 mm, a magnetic anisotropy direction of 11 mm, and an axial direction of 90 mm. A magnet divided into four in the axial direction was used. The stator is the same as in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1.

  The magnet bodies M3 and M4 subjected to the treatment of the present invention in FIG. 10 and P2 without treatment were bonded together with an epoxy adhesive, and then magnetized, and fixed to the rotor yoke on the surface with an epoxy adhesive. The motor incorporating each magnet was designated as MM3, MM4, MP2. Each phase is continuously operated for 1 hour at an effective current of 50A and 2,400 rpm, and the demagnetization amount of the permanent magnet is calculated from the ratio of the torque immediately after the operation and the torque when the operation is restarted in a sufficiently cooled state after the continuous operation. evaluated. The results are summarized in Table 3. Under this test condition, MP2 of Comparative Example 2 showed a torque reduction of 32%, but MM3 and MM4 of Examples showed almost no torque reduction. It was confirmed that demagnetization due to eddy current loss can be suppressed by improving the coercive force in the vicinity of the magnet surface even in the SPM motor.

  In addition, although an Example is a permanent magnet motor, a permanent magnet generator is also the same structure and the effect of this invention is the same.

It is sectional drawing explaining an example of the 4 pole 6 slot IPM motor based on this invention. (A)-(C) are sectional drawings which show an example of the division | segmentation magnet which each forms the permanent magnet assembly in an IPM motor. An example of the permanent magnet segment used for the IPM motor of this invention is shown, (A) is a perspective view of the split magnet which performed the diffusion process of Dy or Tb from the whole surface, (B) is a permanent magnet assembly using the split magnet. It is a perspective view of a body. It is explanatory drawing of the distribution state of the coercive force of the split magnet of FIG. 3 (A), (A) is explanatory drawing in the side surface of a split magnet, (B) is explanatory drawing in the end surface. (A) is a figure explaining how the eddy current flows in the permanent magnet assembly of FIG. 3 (B) in the IPM motor, and (B) is a diagram explaining the temperature distribution inside the magnet in the permanent magnet assembly. . The other example of the permanent magnet segment used for the IPM rotary machine of this invention is shown, (A) is a perspective view of the division magnet which performed the diffusion process of Dy or Tb from four surfaces parallel to a magnetization direction, (B) is It is a perspective view of the permanent magnet assembly using the divided magnet. It is explanatory drawing of the distribution state of the coercive force of the split magnet of FIG. 6 (A), (A) is explanatory drawing in the side surface of a split magnet, (B) is explanatory drawing in the end surface. It is sectional drawing explaining an example of the 4 pole 6 slot SPM motor based on this invention. (A)-(C) are sectional drawings which show an example of the split magnet which each forms the permanent magnet aggregate | assembly in a SPM motor. An example of the permanent magnet segment used for the SPM motor of this invention is shown, (A) is a perspective view of the split magnet which performed the diffusion process of Dy or Tb from the whole surface, (B) is a permanent magnet assembly using the split magnet It is a perspective view of a body. (A) is a figure explaining how the eddy current flows in the permanent magnet assembly of FIG. 9 (B) in the SPM motor, and (B) is a diagram explaining the temperature distribution inside the magnet in the permanent magnet assembly. . (A)-(C) are perspective views which show the example of a permanent magnet assembly, respectively.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotor 2 Stator 11 Rotor yoke 12 Permanent magnet segment 12a Split magnet 13 Coil 14 Stator yoke

Claims (6)

A rotor used in a permanent magnet rotating machine in which a rotor in which a plurality of permanent magnet segments are embedded in a rotor core and a stator wound around a stator core having a plurality of slots are arranged via a gap, or In a rotor used for a permanent magnet rotating machine in which a rotor having a plurality of permanent magnet segments attached to a rotor core surface and a stator wound around a stator core having a plurality of slots are arranged with a gap therebetween, Each of the plurality of permanent magnet segments is composed of an assembly of permanent magnets that are further divided, and the divided permanent magnets are only subjected to surface grinding on the sintered magnet block so that the cross-sectional shape is rectangular, trapezoidal or arcuate and with the those, coercivity of the internal permanent magnet coercive force is divided respectively in the vicinity of the surface of each divided individual permanent magnets Permanent magnet type rotating machine rotor, characterized in that it is larger. A rotor used in a permanent magnet rotating machine in which a rotor in which a plurality of permanent magnet segments are embedded in a rotor core and a stator wound around a stator core having a plurality of slots are arranged via a gap, or In a rotor used in a permanent magnet rotating machine in which a rotor having a plurality of permanent magnet segments attached to a rotor core surface and a stator wound around a stator core having a plurality of slots are arranged with a gap therebetween Each of the plurality of permanent magnet segments is composed of an assembly of further divided permanent magnets, and the divided permanent magnets are only subjected to surface grinding on the sintered magnet block, and the cross-sectional shape is rectangular, trapezoidal or arcuate and with the those, heat inside the magnet heat resistance near the surface of the divided individual permanent magnets are divided respectively Permanent magnet type rotating machine rotor, characterized in that it is higher.   The rotor for a permanent magnet type rotating machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the divided permanent magnet is an Nd-based rare earth sintered magnet.   The coercive force gradient from the surface to the inside of the Nd-based rare earth sintered magnet is formed by diffusing Dy or Tb from the magnet surface to the inside. Rotor for permanent magnet rotating machine.   The coercive force gradient from the surface to the inside of the Nd-based rare earth sintered magnet is characterized in that Dy or Tb is diffused mainly through the crystal grain boundary from the magnet surface to the inside. The rotor for a permanent magnet type rotating machine according to claim 3.   Dy or Tb diffusion from the surface of the Nd-based rare earth sintered magnet toward the inside is Dy or Tb oxide powder, Dy or Tb fluoride powder, or alloy powder containing Dy or Tb on the surface of the magnet The rotor for a permanent magnet type rotating machine according to claim 4, wherein Dy or Tb is diffused by applying the coating and then maintaining the temperature at a high temperature.

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