JP5247906B2 - Ventilator, ventilation system and building - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a ventilator that is attached to a building and is used for ventilation and ventilation of room air, and in particular, a ventilator, a ventilation system, and a building that are switched between a small air volume ventilation that is always performed and a large air volume ventilation that is temporarily performed. It is about.

  In recent years, general ventilation equipment that appropriately exhausts air from the house and supplies air into the house has become essential due to high airtightness and high insulation of the house. The purpose of general ventilation is to maintain an appropriate indoor environment in the building, to constantly ventilate necessary ventilation, to discharge indoor pollutants, and to take in fresh fresh air.

  This general ventilation is required to work 24 hours a day. For this reason, a ventilation fan that is a core unit of ventilation equipment is required to have low power consumption, and further, energy saving is required by using natural ventilation using natural power. In response to such demands, a ventilation fan is realized that detects a ventilation amount and ensures a set ventilation amount without excess or deficiency.

  The general ventilation is generally designed so that the number of ventilations is about 0.5 times / hour of the whole room in the ventilation design of a building. On the other hand, in addition to the above general ventilation (small air volume ventilation), such a ventilator requires a large ventilation volume (large air volume ventilation) that quickly discharges indoor dust, heat, moisture, odors, etc. Is done. In recent ventilators, it is required that general ventilation (small air volume ventilation) and large ventilation (large air volume ventilation) can be switched according to the indoor environment of the building.

  On the other hand, with regard to the technology of residential ventilation equipment that is attached to a building and ventilates the house using the buoyancy of the air in the building and the attractive force of the outside wind, conventionally, the air volume adjustment member and the ventilation volume flowing through the wind tunnel are detected. There has been proposed a ventilator that uses a differential pressure sensor to control the ventilation rate of a building to be a set ventilation rate (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2001-65937 A

  In the case of the ventilator configured as shown in Patent Document 1, the size of the air flow adjusting member in the air flow direction becomes large, so the ventilator becomes long, the installation site is limited, and the manufacturing cost increases. There was a problem to do.

  In addition, the differential pressure sensor that detects the ventilation volume requires the accuracy of the level of the pressure measuring instrument that measures the pressure in order to ensure appropriate air volume detection accuracy, and the manufacturing cost increases like the air volume adjustment member. There was a problem.

  On the other hand, when operating at the maximum speed for performing ventilation with a large ventilation volume (large air volume ventilation), there is a limitation on the ventilation volume with one air blowing means, and in order to increase the ventilation capacity, the blades constituting the air blowing means and It was necessary to enlarge the motor. And there also existed the subject that a ventilation apparatus lengthened further by this.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems. For example, the small air volume ventilation in which the number of ventilations is about 0.5 times / hour of the entire room, and for example, indoor dust, hot air, moisture, odor In a ventilation device that switches between large air volume ventilation that quickly discharges etc., the device can be made compact, the manufacturing cost of the device can be suppressed, and ventilation with high ventilation amount detection accuracy can be achieved. An object is to obtain a ventilation device that can be made energy-saving.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, a ventilator according to the present invention includes a first air blowing means and a second air blowing means arranged in series in an air passage, and idling of the first air blowing means. Sometimes, the rotation detecting means for detecting the blade rotation of the first air blowing means rotated by the circulating air in the air passage, the air flow cross section adjusting means for changing the air flow cross sectional area of the air passage, the first air blowing means, Ventilator control means for controlling the air blowing section and the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means, and the ventilator control means drives both the first air blowing means and the second air blowing means at the time of large air volume ventilation, At the time of small air volume ventilation, the first blower is idled, and the blade rotation of the second blower is controlled so that the blade rotation at the time of idling of the first blower becomes the set rotation. When the means is driven, control the cross-sectional area adjustment means. The Tsufudan area, characterized in that a maximum.

  According to the ventilator according to the present invention, small air volume ventilation and large air volume ventilation can be performed satisfactorily, the apparatus can be made compact, and the manufacturing cost of the apparatus can be suppressed. This makes it possible to perform ventilation with high ventilation amount detection accuracy, thereby achieving energy saving.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of a ventilator according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a building showing a state of an air passage in which a ventilation device is installed. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the state of the front air blowing means, the rear air blowing means, and the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means installed in the air passage, where the air flow cross-sectional area adjusting means is opened to the maximum and the air flow cross-sectional area is maximized. It is a figure which shows a mode. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the state of the front air blowing means, the rear air blowing means, and the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means installed in the air passage, where the opening of the air flow cross-sectional area adjusting means is minimized and the ventilation cross-sectional area is minimized. FIG. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the front blowing unit and the rear blowing unit. FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of the front-stage motor and the rotation detection switching means. FIG. 7 is an input / output signal diagram of signals related to the rear-stage motor. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the correlation between the idling rotational speed and the flow rate of the natural flow when the front motor and the front blade motor of the front fan unit rotate only with the natural flow when the energization drive is not performed. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a screen of the measuring instrument showing an alternating signal output from both ends of the winding when the preceding stage air blowing means is idling.

  Embodiments of a ventilator according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of a ventilator according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, the ventilator according to the present embodiment includes a front air blowing means (first air blowing means) 6, a rear air blowing means (second air blowing means) 9, a ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3, and these front air blowing. A ventilation device control means 24 for controlling the means 6, the rear air blowing means 9, and the ventilation cross-sectional area adjustment means 3. Based on the operation switching signal from the ventilation amount switching means 26, the ventilator control means 24 performs a small air volume ventilation that performs ventilation with a ventilation frequency of about 0.5 times / hour of the entire room, and dust and hot air in the room, The front-stage air blowing means 6, the rear-stage air blowing means 9, and the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 are controlled so as to perform at least two ventilation operations, that is, a large air volume ventilation that quickly discharges moisture, odor and the like with a large air volume. . And at the time of large air volume ventilation, both the front stage blowing means 6 and the back stage blowing means 9 are driven. At the time of small air volume ventilation, only the rear air blowing means 9 or only the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 is driven.

  Further, the rotation amount of the blades is input to the ventilator control means 24 from the front blowing means 6 during idling via the connection switching means 14a and the rotation detection means 10. In the pre-stage air blowing means 6, the blades are rotated by the circulation air passing through the air passage during idling (a state in which no electric power is supplied to the motor windings and a state in which the motor does not generate a rotational driving force). The rotation amount of the blade at the time of idling can be detected by the rotation detecting means 10. The amount of rotation of the blades of the pre-stage blowing means 6 at the time of idling is a measure of the ventilation amount passing through the air passage during the small air flow ventilation (the amount of air flowing through the air passage).

  The operation switching signal is input to the ventilation device control unit 24 through the ventilation amount switching unit 26 by the user's operation. The ventilation amount switching means 26 is specifically a switch provided on a control panel of a ventilation device installed on the wall surface of the room, etc., and the user operates the switch to change the operation mode to large air volume ventilation. Switch between small air volume ventilation.

  The ventilation device control means 24 receives a ventilation amount when performing a small air volume ventilation via the rotation setting means 25 by a user operation. Specifically, the rotation setting means 25 is a volume provided on the control panel of the ventilation device, and the user changes the ventilation volume of the small air volume ventilation by operating this volume. The input ventilation amount of the small air volume ventilation is converted into the rotation amount of the blades when the front air blowing means 6 is idling and is stored in the ventilation device control means 24 as a set rotation. The ventilator control means 24 controls the blade rotation of the rear-stage air blowing means 9 so that the rotation amount of the blades when the front-stage air blowing means 6 idles becomes the set rotation.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a building showing a state of an air passage in which a ventilation device is installed. The air passage 2 is provided in the vertical direction in the ceiling space at the top of a building 50 such as a house. And the ventilation apparatus 100 of this Embodiment is installed in this air path 2. FIG. A natural flow (naturally generated circulation wind) is generated in the air passage 2 by the buoyancy of the air and the attractive force of the outside wind. The ventilator 100 of the present embodiment performs ventilation with reduced power consumption by effectively using this natural flow.

  3 and 4 are cross-sectional views showing the state of the front air blowing means 6, the rear air blowing means 9, and the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 that are installed in the air passage 2 as the ventilation device 100. FIG. The cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 is maximized and the ventilation cross-sectional area is maximized. On the other hand, FIG. 4 shows the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 having the minimum opening and the ventilation cross-sectional area being minimized. A ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 for adjusting the cross-sectional area of the air path 2 from a fully closed state to a fully open state, a front blade 4 and a front motor 5 in the air path 2 provided in the vertical direction in the ceiling space of the building. The front-stage air blowing means 6 configured and the rear-stage air blowing means 9 including the rear-stage blades 7 and the rear-stage motor 8 are arranged in series in this order from the room side.

  The ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 has a concentric wing shape and has the following configuration. That is, the stationary blade 16 and the movable blade 17 whose ventilation cross-sectional area is changed depending on the degree of overlap, the stepping motor 18 fixed to the center of the fixed blade 16, the output rotating shaft 20 having the male screw portion 19 attached to the stepping motor 18, The movable blade 17 includes a movable blade female screw portion 21 which is provided at the center of the movable blade 17 and engages with the male screw portion 19, and is provided so as to engage with a plurality of radial rib portions 22 provided on the fixed blade 16. The movable blade 17 is displaced in the axial direction of the output rotation shaft 20 by the male screw portion 19 and the movable blade female screw portion 21 without freely rotating when the output rotation shaft 20 rotates due to the slit portion 23 of the movable blade 17. It is configured as follows.

  At the relative position of the fixed wing 16 and the movable wing 17, the ventilation cross-sectional area is maximum in the state of FIG. 3 as described above, and the ventilation cross-sectional area is minimum in the state of FIG. 4. As described above, the ventilation cross-sectional area can be arbitrarily adjusted by the axial displacement of the movable blade 17 by the rotation of the stepping motor 18.

  FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the front air blowing means 6 and the rear air blowing means 9. Inside the outer cylinder 11 constituting the air passage 2, a front air blowing means 6 composed of a front blade 4 and a front motor 5 and a rear air blowing means 9 composed of a rear blade 7 and a rear motor 8 are arranged in series. ing.

  FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of the front-stage motor and the rotation detection switching means. The front motor 5 connected to the front blade 4 is provided with a plurality of windings 12 a and 12 b and a capacitor 13 that rotate a rotor (not shown) by energizing an AC power supply 15. When the rotor (not shown) is driven to rotate, the connection switching unit 14a supplies the power of the AC power supply 15 to the windings 12a and 12b as shown in FIG. 5 is driven. Thereby, the front stage air blowing means 6 blows air.

  On the other hand, when stopping the front blowing means 6 (idling), the connection switching means 14a switches the connection state of the contact portion 14b to a connection state opposite to the connection state shown in FIG. Is not supplied to the windings 12a and 12b. On the other hand, the electromotive force generated by the rotation of the rotor (not shown) of the pre-stage motor 5 is output to the rotation detection means 10 in both the windings 12a or 12b or 12a and 12b. The electromotive force is connected and the rotation detecting means 10 detects the electromotive force. At this time, the electric power detected by the rotation detection means 10 is used as a measure of the flow rate of the natural flow moving in the wind tunnel.

  FIG. 7 is an input / output signal diagram of signals related to the rear motor 8. In FIG. 7, only signal input / output related to the rear motor 8 is shown, and the connection (inside the broken line in FIG. 7) is omitted. By supplying motor power and control power to the rear stage motor 8 by the ventilator control means 24 and changing the speed command voltage as appropriate, the rotational speed of the motor can be adjusted while detecting the rotational pulse.

  FIG. 8 shows the correlation between the idling rotational speed and the flow rate of the natural flow when the pre-stage motor 5 of the pre-stage blowing means 6 and the motor of the pre-stage blade 4 are rotated only by the natural flow when the energization drive is not performed (during idling). It is a graph to show. Based on this correlation, the rotation detecting means 10 detects the number of rotations of the front motor 5, and thereby the rotational speed of the rear air blowing means 9 is controlled, so that the ventilator can be operated with an arbitrary ventilation amount.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a screen of a measuring instrument showing an alternating signal output from both ends of the winding 12a when the front blowing means 6 is idling. The upper part of FIG. 9 shows the state of the alternating signal when the rotational speed of the front stage motor 5 is 905 RPM, and the lower part of FIG. 9 shows the state of the alternating signal when the rotational speed of the front stage motor 5 is 650 RPM. The frequency (Hz) of the alternating signal matches the number of revolutions per second of the pre-stage motor 5.

  In the operation mode of the small air volume ventilation, the rear air blowing means 9 is normally driven so as to be set to the set ventilation volume, but it is natural that the air buoyancy, the external wind attracting force, etc. When ventilation is performed only by the flow and the set ventilation amount is reached without driving the rear-stage air blowing means 9, the rear-stage air blowing means 9 is also stopped. Still, when the ventilation volume increases due to natural flow and exceeds the set ventilation volume, the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 controls the ventilation volume to be limited to the set ventilation volume. Since the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 has concentric wings composed of the fixed wings 16 and the movable wings 17 as described above, there is no bias of the flowing air, and the rotation detecting means 10 composed of the pre-stage blowing means 6. Improve detection accuracy.

  The ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 is shown in FIG. 8 by adjusting the rotation angle of the stepping motor 18 with the ventilator control means 24 while detecting the rotation speed of the front blade 4 with the rotation detecting means of the front blowing means 6. The ventilator can be operated with the set ventilation volume from the correlation between the idling rotation speed of the pre-stage blowing means 6 and the ventilation rate.

  As described above, the residence room required at the time of small air volume ventilation by controlling the air flow rate with the rear air blowing means 9 or the air flow cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 while detecting the rotation speed of the front air blowing means 6 with the rotation detecting means 10. Ventilation of volume 0.5 times can be performed stably. On the other hand, when exhausting indoor dust, hot air, moisture, odor, etc. as described above, rapid large air volume ventilation is required, and the power supply is directly connected to the front air blowing means 6 by the connection switching means 14a. Both the front air blowing means 6 and the rear air blowing means 9 are driven to ventilate a large amount of air.

  In the ventilator 100 of the present embodiment, the rear air blowing means 9 may be provided with a control means for changing the air blowing direction. For example, when the control unit for changing the direction of the air blowing is provided in the rear air blowing unit 9 by reversing the rotation direction of the rear motor 8, the rear air blowing unit 9 is operated by air buoyancy or the external air attracting force. In the situation where the set ventilation volume is ensured even if it is not, when the rear air blowing means 9 is stopped and the ventilation volume further increases and exceeds the set ventilation volume, the rotation direction of the rear motor 8 is reversed, It can be adjusted to limit the ventilation volume and operate at the set ventilation volume.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the operation of the ventilator will be summarized. When the operation of the small air volume ventilation is selected by the ventilation amount switching means 26, the rotation speed setting means 25 for setting the rotation speed corresponding to the set ventilation volume, and the connection switching means 14a from the pre-stage air blowing means 6 Are compared with the rotation speed of the front blade 4 of the front blowing means 6 detected by the rotation detection means 10, and the ventilator control means 24 adjusts the amount of air blown by the rear blowing means 9 so that they match. Here, when the rear air blowing means 9 is driven, the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 maximizes the ventilation cross-sectional area.

  When the rear air blowing means 9 is driven, if pressure is applied so as to increase the ventilation amount of the rear air blowing means 9 due to air buoyancy, external wind attracting force, etc., the air flow rate of the air passage increases and rotation The rotation speed of the front blade 4 detected by the detection means 10 becomes higher than the set rotation speed (the ventilation volume is larger than the set ventilation volume). Then, the ventilator control means 24 adjusts so as to reduce the output of the rear air blowing means 9 and operates so that the rotational speed of the front blade 4 matches the set rotational speed.

  Further, when pressure is applied by air buoyancy or external wind attracting force so as to increase the ventilation amount, the rear blowing means 9 also stops, and even if the rear blowing means 9 stops, When the rotational speed becomes higher than the set rotational speed, the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 operates so that the rotational cross-sectional area gradually changes in the closing direction so that the rotational speed of the front blade 4 matches the set rotational speed (set ventilation). The ventilation volume will be the same as the volume).

  The above operation is a case where pressure is applied so as to increase the ventilation amount of the rear blowing means 9 due to air buoyancy, external wind attracting force, etc. When the applied pressure decreases, the reverse process is performed. Traced, the ventilation cross-sectional area of the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 is maximized, and the output of the rear air blowing means 9 is increased.

  On the other hand, when rapid ventilation with a large air volume that quickly discharges indoor dust, hot air, moisture, odor, etc. is required, the operation mode of the large air volume ventilation is selected by the ventilation volume switching means 26, and the ventilation apparatus control means 24 is used. Then, the power supply is directly connected to the front blowing means 6 by the connection switching means 14a and the rotational speed of the rear blowing means 9 is appropriately adjusted to ensure a predetermined ventilation amount.

  In the above embodiment, the example in which the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 3 is configured by the fixed blade 16 and the movable blade 17 whose ventilation cross-sectional area is changed depending on the degree of overlap has been described. If the set ventilation volume is secured without driving the rear air blowing means 9 by force or the like, and the ventilation volume further increases and exceeds the set ventilation volume, the rotational direction of the rear air blowing means 9 is reversed to reverse the ventilation cross-sectional area. The amount of ventilation can be limited without using the adjusting means 3.

  Moreover, even if it replaces and comprises before and after the front | former stage ventilation means 6 and the back | latter stage ventilation means 9 in the said example, it is the structure arrange | positioned in series with an air path, and the same effect can be acquired. Further, when there are three air blowing means, at the time of small air volume ventilation, for example, one is operated in the same manner as the front air blowing means 6 of the present embodiment, and the other two air conditioners are the latter air blowing means of the present embodiment. By performing the same operation as 9, the same effect as this embodiment can be obtained. Further, one unit may be completely stopped, one unit may be operated in the same manner as the front-stage air blowing unit 6 of the present embodiment, and the other one unit may be operated in the same manner as the rear-stage air blowing unit 9 in the present embodiment. .

  As described above, in the ventilator of the present embodiment, the front-stage air blowing means 6 and the rear-stage air blowing means 9 arranged in series with the air passage and the front-stage air blowing means 6 are rotated by the circulation air in the air passage when idling. The rotation detecting means 10 for detecting the blade rotation of the front-stage air blowing means 6 and the ventilator control means 24 for controlling the blade rotation of the rear-stage air blowing means 9 so that the blade rotation at the time of idling of the front-stage air blowing means 6 becomes the set rotation. , The manufacturing cost of the ventilation device can be suppressed, and a ventilation device with high ventilation amount detection accuracy can be obtained.

  In addition, since the front air blowing means 6 and the rear air blowing means 9 are idle, the air passage cross-sectional area adjusting means for changing the air flow cross-sectional area of the air passage so that the blade rotation of the front air blowing means 6 becomes the set rotation is further provided. It can be a highly reliable ventilator with low power consumption. That is, an increase in air conditioning load due to excessive ventilation is suppressed, contributing to energy saving.

  Furthermore, the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means is arranged on the upstream side of the front air blowing means 6 and the rear air blowing means 9, and the blade shape is concentric with respect to the air passage. Therefore, the air flow cross-sectional area adjusting means having concentric circular blades is provided. A ventilation device that equalizes the speed of the air in the circumferential direction by the mechanism, ensures the rotation detection accuracy of the front air blowing means, and suppresses the air ventilation even when the rear air blowing means 9 is stopped, even when the air ventilation is still large can do.

  Furthermore, it can be set as the ventilator which discharge | emits indoor dust, a hot air, moisture, an odor etc. rapidly by driving the front-stage ventilation means 6 and the back-stage ventilation means 9 simultaneously, and performing large air volume ventilation.

  As described above, the ventilator according to the present invention is useful for a residential ventilator, and in particular, a small air volume ventilation that is always performed for 24 hours, and temporary exhaust for exhausting indoor dust, hot air, moisture, odor, and the like. It is suitable for a ventilator that switches between large air volume ventilation that is performed automatically.

3 Ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means 4 Front stage blade 5 Front stage motor 6 Front stage blowing means (first blowing means)
7 Rear stage blades 8 Rear stage motor 9 Rear stage blowing means (second blowing means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Rotation detection means 11 Outer cylinder 12a Winding 13 Capacitor 14a Connection switching means 14b Contact part 15 AC power supply 16 Fixed wing 17 Movable wing 18 Stepping motor 19 Male screw part 20 Output rotating shaft 21 Movable wing female screw part 22 Rib part 23 Slit Unit 24 Ventilator control means 25 Rotation setting means 26 Ventilation amount switching means 50 Building 100 Ventilator

Claims (4)

A first blower and a second blower arranged in series in the air passage;
Rotation detecting means for detecting blade rotation of the first air blowing means that is rotated by the circulating air in the air passage when the first air blowing means is idling,
Ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means for changing the cross-sectional area of the air path;
A ventilator control means for controlling the first air blowing means, the second air blowing means and the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means,
The ventilator control means drives both the first air blowing means and the second air blowing means at the time of large air volume ventilation, and idles the first air blowing means at the time of small air volume ventilation. The blade rotation of the second blowing means is controlled so that the blade rotation at the time of idling of the blowing means becomes a set rotation, and when the second blowing means is driven, the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means To control the ventilation cross-sectional area to a maximum. The ventilator control means controls the ventilation cross-sectional area adjusting means when the blade rotation during idling of the first air blower becomes higher than the set rotation even when the second air blower is stopped. The ventilation device according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation cross-sectional area is reduced so that the blade rotation of the first blowing unit is set rotation.   The ventilation system provided with the ventilation apparatus of Claim 1 or 2 installed in the inside of a building.   The building which equipped the ventilation system of Claim 3 inside.