JP5247868B2 - Vertical machining center - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vertical machining center for machining a workpiece by relatively moving the workpiece and a tool in the X, Y, and Z axis directions.

  An example of a vertical machining center that processes a workpiece by relatively moving the workpiece and a tool in the three axial directions of the X, Y, and Z axes is disclosed in Patent Document 1. Patent Document 1 discloses that a work, a lifting tool, and a spindle are used during a setup work in which a table to which a work is fixed is movable in the Y-axis direction, and a work is attached to and removed from a table using a crane or the like. It describes that the table is retracted to a position where it does not interfere with the head.

JP 2006-102852 A

  In Patent Document 1, by moving the table to a retracted position where the workpiece, suspension, and spindle head do not interfere with each other, the workpiece is lifted and lowered by a crane and the spindle head is avoided, and the workpiece is attached to and removed from the table. However, it is necessary to provide a service stroke to move the table to the retracted position, which increases the size of the machine tool.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and without increasing the size of the machine tool, widely opens the upper space of the table so that the workpiece or the like interferes with the spindle head during setup work. It is an object of the present invention to provide a vertical machining center that does not.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a vertical machining center is provided with a spindle head provided on the front surface of a column erected at the rear of the bed, and a table for placing a workpiece on the front of the bed. When the tool changer for moving the spindle head to the tool change area outside the machining area and the tool change mode for setting the workpiece are selected, the spindle head is moved to the tool change area. And a vertical machining center characterized by comprising a control device having a setup function.

  Further, according to the present invention, a tool change stroke from a stroke end in the machining area to a tool change position in the moving stroke of the spindle head is used to retract the spindle head when setting up a workpiece. A vertical machining center is provided which is also used as a stroke.

  Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a vertical machining center that includes an operator door that covers the opening of the ceiling and the side of the processing chamber, the operator door opens in the setup mode, and opens the upper space of the table. Is done.

  As described above, according to the vertical machining center of the present invention, the spindle head is moved to the tool change area outside the machining area in the setup mode, so that the upper space of the table to which the workpiece is fixed can be widely opened, and the setup work is being performed. In addition, the work can be fixed to the table or the work can be removed without causing the work or the lifting tool to interfere with the spindle head.

It is a top view which shows one Embodiment of the vertical machining center of this invention. It is a side view which shows one Embodiment of the vertical machining center of this invention. It is a top view which shows one Embodiment of the vertical machining center of this invention in a setup mode. It is a side view which shows one Embodiment of the vertical machining center of this invention in a setup mode. It is a flowchart of the setup start operation | movement of a vertical machining center. It is a flowchart of the setup completion | finish operation | movement of a vertical machining center.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the vertical machining center of the present invention will be described in detail. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the vertical machining center 1 of the present embodiment includes a table 5 that slides in the front-rear direction (Y-axis direction) along the Y-axis guide 4 at the front portion on the bed 3 as a base. , A column 7 erected on the rear part on the bed 3, and a spindle head 9 supported on the front surface of the column 7. The spindle head 9 is slidably engaged with the saddle 12 via a Z-axis guide 10 extending in the vertical direction, and is slid horizontally with the saddle 12 engaged with an X-axis guide 14 provided on the front surface of the column 7. It can be done. The spindle head 9 includes a spindle 16 that is rotatably held. An end mill 18 that cuts a workpiece is attached to the spindle 16. A work (not shown) to be processed by the end mill 18 is attached to the table 5.

  The vertical machining center 1 includes a tool 35 accommodated in the tool magazine 22 in a non-machining area (tool change area) on the side of the machining area set within the stroke range of the X, Y, and Z axes. A tool changer 20 for changing a tool (end mill) 18 held on the spindle head 9 is provided. In addition, the vertical machining center 1 controls the amount of movement of the table 5 and the spindle head 9 in the X, Y, and Z-axis directions and the number of rotations of the spindle 16 according to the NC machining program, and performs NC machining. A device (control device) 26 is provided. The NC device 26 selects the set-up mode, and moves the spindle head 9 to the outside of the machining area when loading or unloading the workpiece, fixing the workpiece to the table 5, or removing the workpiece from the table 5. It has a setup function to move to the tool change area.

  The workpiece is processed in a processing chamber 28 surrounded by a cover or the like so that chips and cutting fluid are not scattered during the processing. The machining chamber 28 is a slide opening and closing that separates the machining area from the cover provided on the front surface of the column 7, the peripheral wall of the vertical machining center 1, and the tool magazine 22 side that accommodates a plurality of tools 35 in a replaceable manner. The ATC shutter 30 of the type and the L-shaped slide opening / closing operator door 32 that covers the opening of the ceiling and the side of the vertical machining center 1 are surrounded. The ATC shutter 30 is opened when the tool is changed, and is always closed during cutting. When the ATC shutter 30 is opened, the spindle head 9 moves along the X-axis guide 14 to the tool magazine side in the tool change area, and passes through a tool change arm 34 at a predetermined tool change position to obtain a predetermined value in the tool magazine 22. The tool 35 accommodated in the position and the tool 18 clamped on the main shaft 16 are automatically exchanged.

  Here, the tools 35 held by the individual grippers 23 of the tool magazine 22 can move on the tracks of the tool magazine 22, and the tool 35 of a predetermined address can be moved by a command from the NC device 26 according to a command from the NC device 26. It moves to the position gripped by 34. The tool 35 removes the tool 35 from the gripper 23 by the hand 38 of the shifter 36 and holds the removed tool 35 at one end of the tool changing arm 34. The tool 18 mounted on the main shaft 16 is gripped at the other end of the tool change arm 34, and the tool change is performed by rotating the tool change arm 180 degrees around the rotation axis. After the tool change, the tool 18 mounted on the spindle is stored in the tool magazine.

  The operator door 32 is closed during processing, but is opened during setup to open the opening on the ceiling and the side of the processing chamber. When loading and unloading a workpiece using a crane (not shown), or when fixing the workpiece to the table 5, the operator door 32 is opened to perform the work.

  Next, work setup work in the vertical machining center of this embodiment will be described. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the vertical machining center of the present embodiment performs machining with a tool changer 20 that changes the tool by moving the spindle head 9 to a tool change position outside the machining area of the bed 3. For this purpose, an NC device 26 is provided for controlling the amount of movement of the table 5 and the spindle head 9 in the X, Y, and Z axis directions, the rotational speed of the spindle 16, and the like. The NC device 26 has a setup function for positioning the spindle head 9 at a tool change position outside the machining area when a setup mode for workpiece setup is selected. The tool change position is also a set-up position when performing a work set-up operation, and is a position where the X-axis stroke is extended outside the machining area. That is, the X-axis stroke from the X-axis stroke end to the tool change position in the machining area corresponds to a tool change area in which the spindle head is retracted during the setup mode.

  The setup mode function in the vertical machining center of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of the setup start operation, and FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of the setup end operation.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the setup mode function start operation is started by turning on the setup start / end SW of the machine tool in step S1. In step S2, the rapid traverse speed in the X, Y and Z axis directions of the spindle head and table is limited to 25% by the override function. In step S3, the X axis stroke end is extended outside the machining area on the tool magazine side, and the X axis Extend the stroke. Subsequently, the setup start one-touch program is activated. In step S4, the rotation of the spindle and the supply of coolant are stopped. In step S5, the orientation of the spindle of the tool holder attached to the spindle is adjusted to match the orientation of the key of the tool changing arm. The shutter is opened, and in step S7, the main shaft is positioned at a predetermined position in the Z-axis direction. In step S8, the spindle head 9 is moved to the tool change position, and in step S9, the table 5 is moved to a predetermined position in the Y-axis direction. The table 5 is positioned at a position corresponding to the opening of the ceiling and the side of the processing chamber covered with the operator door 32.

  After the setup start one-touch program is completed, the spindle head 9 and the table 5 are interlocked so as not to move in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction in step S10, and the setup lamp blinks in step S11. In step S12, the NC mode is switched to the handle mode. Finally, in step S13, the restriction of 25% override of the fast-forward speed is canceled. In this manner, after the setup start operation of the machining center 1 is completed, the operator door 32 is opened, and the work is carried into (unloaded from) the processing chamber using a crane, or the work is fixed to the table 5. Since the spindle head 9 has moved to the tool change position, the upper space of the table 5 is widely opened, and when the workpiece is carried in or fixed to the table 5, the interference between the workpiece and the spindle head. Can be avoided and the workability of the setup can be improved.

  When the work setup work is finished, the setup finish operation starts as shown in FIG. In step E1, the process is started by pressing the setup start / end SW of the machine tool again. In step E2, the rapid traverse speed of the spindle head and table in the X, Y, and Z axis directions is limited to 25% by the override function. In step E3, the interlock of the spindle head 9 and table 5 is released, and in step E4 the setup is canceled. The middle lamp goes off. Subsequently, the setup end one-touch program is activated. In step E5, the rotation of the spindle and the supply of coolant are stopped. In step E6, the spindle head 9 is moved in the X-axis direction to return to the machining area. In step E7, the table 5 is returned to the machining area in the Y-axis direction. In step E8, the ATC shutter is closed. After the end of the setup one-touch program, the extension of the X-axis stroke end to the outside of the machining area is canceled in Step E9, the switching from the NC mode to the handle mode is canceled in Step E10, and finally, the fast feed speed is determined in Step E11. The 25% override limit is removed.

  As described above, according to the vertical machining center of the present embodiment, the setup mode function allows the spindle head to be moved to the tool change area, so that the upper space of the table to which the workpiece is fixed can be widely opened, and during the setup operation. The workpiece can be carried into the processing chamber or the workpiece can be fixed to the table without causing the workpiece or the hanging tool to interfere with the spindle head. Therefore, unlike the prior art, it is not necessary to prepare a stroke dedicated for setup and move the table to a retracted position where the table and the spindle head do not interfere with each other, and the size of the machine tool can be made compact.

In the present embodiment, the retracted position of the spindle head in the setup mode has been described as the tool change position. A preferable retraction position of the spindle head is set farther from a position where the spindle head does not exist above the table, that is, a position where the upper part of the table is fully opened.
In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the main point of this invention, it can deform | transform and implement variously.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical machining center 5 Table 9 Spindle head 16 Spindle 20 Tool changer 22 Tool magazine 26 NC apparatus (control apparatus)
30 ATC shutter 32 Operator door

Claims (3)

In a vertical machining center provided with a spindle head on the front surface of a column erected at the rear of the bed and provided with a table for placing a workpiece on the front of the bed,
A tool changer for changing the tool by moving the spindle head to a tool change area outside the machining area;
A control device having a setup function for moving the spindle head to the tool change area when a setup mode for performing workpiece setup is selected;
A vertical machining center characterized by comprising:   The tool change stroke from the stroke end in the machining area to the tool change position in the movement stroke of the spindle head is also used as a stroke for retracting the spindle head when setting up a workpiece. Vertical machining center described in 1.   3. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, further comprising an operator door that covers an opening in a ceiling and a side opening in the processing chamber, and the operator door opens in the setup mode to open an upper space of the table.

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