JP5240045B2 - Driving method and driving circuit for vibrator, and inertial force detection device including the driving circuit - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vibrator driving method, a driving circuit, and an inertial force detection device including the driving circuit.

  An angular velocity detection device 400, which is an example of an inertial force detection device using a conventional MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) structure, is shown in FIG. 4 as Conventional Example 1, and includes an element unit 410, a drive circuit 420, and a sensor output circuit. 430. The element portion 410 is disposed at a position that is floated or separated from the base portion 411 and can be displaced in the x direction and the y direction. The element portion 410 is disposed around the vibrator 412 and is fixed to the base portion 411. A plurality of fixed portions 413, beams 414 connecting the vibrator 412 to the respective fixed portions 413, comb-shaped driving movable electrodes 415 formed to protrude from the vibrator 412 in the x direction, and the base portion 411. A comb-shaped driving fixed electrode 416 that is disposed and meshes with the driving movable electrode 415 via a gap, a comb-shaped detecting movable electrode 417 that protrudes from the vibrator 412 in the y direction, and a base 411. A fixed detection electrode 418 having a comb-like shape that is fixedly disposed and meshes with the detection movable electrode 417 via a gap is provided. The vibrator 412 is grounded through the fixing portion 413.

  The drive circuit 420 includes an oscillator 421 and an amplifier 422. The oscillator 421 generates an AC signal having a frequency that is the same as or approximately equal to the resonance frequency of the vibrator 412. The amplifier 422 amplifies the AC signal generated by the oscillator 421 and applies the output voltage Vk ′ to the driving fixed electrode 416 of the element portion 410 as a driving signal. The expression of the drive signal Vk ′ can be expressed by Expression (1).

Here, the constant A in the formula (1) represents the amplitude of the drive voltage, and the constant B represents the DC offset. fr represents the frequency of the drive signal Vk ′ and the mechanical resonance frequency of the vibrator.

  In general, since the magnitude of the electrostatic force that acts when a potential difference is applied between the electrode plates is proportional to the square of the potential difference, the electrostatic force applied to the vibrator is the driving voltage Vk applied to the driving fixed electrode 416. It is proportional to the square of the difference between 'and the voltage Vmass of the vibrator 412. Since the potential Vmass of the vibrator 412 is normally fixed to GND (0 V), the magnitude of the electrostatic force applied to the vibrator 412 in the driving method of the conventional example 1 shown in FIGS. Indicated by

In the formula (2), only the component of the resonance frequency fr shown in the formula (3a) can effectively cause the vibrator to resonate.

  In this way, when the vibrator 412 is oscillating at resonance, if rotation (angular velocity) around the z-axis is applied to the element portion 410, a Coriolis force is generated in the y direction, and the vibrator 412 is caused by the Coriolis force. Vibrates not only in the x direction but also in the y direction. The frequency of the vibration in the y direction is the same as the frequency of the vibration in the x direction and the frequency of the drive voltage Vk ′.

  The sensor output detection unit 430 includes a voltage source connection unit 431, a resistor 432, an amplifier 433, a rectifier circuit 434, and a smoothing circuit 435.

  A DC voltage source is connected to the detection fixed electrode 418 via the voltage source connection portion 431 and the resistor 432. When the vibrator 412 vibrates in the y direction due to the Coriolis force in such a state, the electrostatic capacitance between the detection movable electrode 417 and the detection fixed electrode 418 is accompanied by the vibration in the y direction. Then, a signal (detection signal) corresponding to the change in capacitance is generated at the detection fixed electrode 418.

  Since the detection signal is an AC signal having the same frequency as the vibration frequency, it is amplified by the amplifier 433, then full-wave rectified by the rectifier 434, and output as a DC component by passing through the smoothing circuit 435.

  As another conventional example, there is a method of the conventional example 2 using a signal obtained by applying amplitude modulation to the drive voltage Vk ′ shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 (see Patent Document 1). This system includes a modulation wave generation circuit 721, a carrier wave generation circuit 722, and an amplitude modulation circuit 723 in the drive circuit 720, compared to the configuration of the conventional example 1, and a voltage source connection unit in the sensor output circuit 730. 431, a resistor 432, an amplifier 433, a low-pass filter 731, a rectifier circuit 434, and a smoothing circuit 435. Here, the same reference numerals denote the same components as those in the first conventional example.

  The modulation wave generation circuit 721 generates an AC signal having a frequency that is the same as or substantially equal to the resonance frequency fr of the vibrator 412, and the carrier wave generation circuit 722 generates an AC signal having a frequency fc that is higher than the resonance frequency fr of the vibrator 712. To do.

  The amplitude modulation circuit 723 amplitude-modulates the carrier wave output from the carrier wave generation circuit 722 using the modulation wave output from the modulation wave generation circuit 721 and outputs the drive signal Vk ″, and is fixed for driving as the drive signal. The drive signal Vk ″ is applied to the electrode 416. This drive signal Vk ″ can be expressed by Equation (4).

When the signal of Expression (4) is applied to the driving fixed electrode 416 and the potential of the vibrator 412 is set to GND (0 V), the electrostatic force applied to the vibrator 412 as a component of the resonance frequency is represented by Expression (5a). be able to.

  Further, in the conventional example 2, the drive signal is subjected to amplitude modulation, and the sensor output circuit 730 has a low-pass filter 731 whose threshold frequency is higher than the resonance frequency fr of the vibrator 412 and lower than the frequency of the carrier wave. It is the composition provided with.

JP 2003-28642 A

  In the angular velocity detecting device using the driving method described in the above-described conventional example 1, the driving signal interferes with the detection signal due to the parasitic capacitance between the driving fixed electrode 416 and the detection fixed electrode 418, and the detection signal is Appears as a noise component (hereinafter referred to as “crosstalk noise”), which has a problem of affecting the characteristics of offset and temperature drift. 6A and 6B show the principle of a general CV (Capacitance-Voltage) conversion circuit. Further, the output signals when the drive signal interferes with the parasitic capacitance are shown in equations (6a) and (6b), respectively.

ΔCs represents a change in sensor capacity due to Coriolis force, and a term proportional to ΔCs is a component of an angular velocity to be detected. A term proportional to the parasitic capacitance C _para is a crosstalk noise component. Since the detection signal and the crosstalk noise are signals having the same frequency, in the case of Conventional Example 1, it is difficult to perform detection separately.

  Conventional Example 2 corresponds to the improved invention of Conventional Example 1, and the frequency of the drive signal is amplitude-modulated to separate the frequency of the detection signal (resonator frequency of the vibrator) and eliminate the leakage of the drive signal. It is the composition to do.

  However, the invention of Conventional Example 2 also has a problem that the sensitivity of the angular velocity detection signal is lowered.

  The Coriolis force (F = mass × velocity × angular velocity) when detecting the angular velocity is a force proportional to the velocity, and the velocity of the vibrator is determined by the resonance frequency and amplitude of the vibrator. The amplitude of the vibrator is proportional to the magnitude of the electrostatic force applied to the vibrator.

In Equation (3a), A represents the amplitude of the alternating current component of the drive signal, B represents the difference between the drive signal and the direct current component of the vibrator, and the electrostatic force at the frequency of the resonance frequency fr of the vibrator effectively. In consideration of the power supply voltage (VDD) of the drive circuit 420, the maximum value is obtained when both A and B are 1/2 · VDD, and is F _MAX ′ expressed by Expression (3b).

In Equation (5a), A represents the amplitude of the modulated wave, A ′ represents the difference between the DC component of the modulated wave and the carrier wave, and the electrostatic force having the frequency of the resonance frequency fr of the vibrator effectively applied. Takes the maximum value when A and A ′ are both ¼ · VDD, and is F _MAX ″ expressed by Equation (5b).

As can be seen from a comparison between Equation (3b) and Equation (5b), in the conventional example 2, the amplitude of the vibrator is more difficult to obtain by almost one digit than in the conventional example 1, and the detection accuracy of the angular velocity is lowered. . In a general angular velocity detection device, the capacitance change due to the Coriolis force is as large as aF (10 ⁻¹⁸ F), and since it is necessary to detect a minute change in capacitance, it is important to improve sensitivity.

  The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and a first object of the present invention is to provide a vibrator driving method and a driving circuit capable of removing crosstalk noise due to parasitic capacitance, and to detect angular velocity output sensitivity. Is to improve.

  A second object of the present invention is to provide an inertial force detection device that removes crosstalk noise due to parasitic capacitance and improves the sensitivity of detection of angular velocity output.

  In order to achieve such an object, the first aspect of the present invention is to resonate the vibrator by an electrostatic force in a potential difference between the vibrator and a driving electrode provided adjacent to the vibrator. A method of driving a vibrator to be driven, the step of generating a carrier wave that is an AC voltage having a frequency higher than the resonance frequency of the vibrator, and a modulation that is an AC voltage having a frequency substantially the same as the resonance frequency of the vibrator Generating a wave, amplitude-modulating the carrier wave with the modulated wave, outputting a drive signal to the drive electrode, adjusting a direct-current voltage of the carrier wave, and adjusting the vibrator Outputting a carrier wave.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the carrier wave is overmodulated with a signal having a frequency substantially the same as a resonance frequency of the vibrator.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a drive circuit for resonantly driving the vibrator by an electrostatic force on a potential difference between the vibrator and a driving electrode provided adjacent to the vibrator. A carrier wave generation circuit for generating a carrier wave having an AC voltage with a frequency higher than the resonance frequency of the vibrator, and a modulation wave generation for generating a modulation wave having an AC voltage having substantially the same frequency as the resonance frequency of the vibrator. A circuit, an amplitude modulation circuit for modulating the amplitude of the carrier wave by the modulated wave, and outputting a drive signal to the drive electrode, and adjusting a direct-current voltage of the carrier wave, and adjusting the carrier wave adjusted to the vibrator And a DC voltage adjusting circuit for output.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect, the carrier wave is overmodulated with a signal having a frequency substantially the same as a resonance frequency of the vibrator.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, an electrostatic force is applied to a potential difference between a vibrator, a drive electrode and a detection electrode provided adjacent to the vibrator, and the vibrator and the drive electrode. A drive circuit of the third or fourth aspect for resonantly driving the vibrator, a detection signal output unit connected to the detection electrode and outputting a detection signal according to the output of the vibrator; Inertia comprising: a low-pass filter connected to the detection signal output unit and having a threshold frequency higher than the resonance frequency of the vibrator and lower than the frequency of the carrier wave It is a force detection device.

  According to the present invention, by applying an AC voltage having a frequency fc higher than the resonance frequency of the vibrator to the vibrator, it is possible to remove the angular velocity output in the vibrator driving method and drive circuit capable of removing crosstalk noise due to parasitic capacitance. Detection sensitivity can be improved. Further, by providing such a drive circuit for the vibrator, it is possible to provide an inertial force detection device that removes crosstalk noise due to parasitic capacitance and improves the detection sensitivity of angular velocity output.

It is a figure which shows the angular velocity detection apparatus by embodiment of this invention. 1A shows a drive signal Vk applied from the drive circuit 120 of FIG. 1 to the drive fixed electrode 416 of the element portion 410, and FIG. 1B shows a voltage Vmass applied to the vibrator 412 of FIG. It is. (A) shows the configuration of the CV conversion circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention, and (b) shows the frequency distribution of the signal output from the CV conversion circuit 131. It is a figure which shows the prior art example 1 which is an example of the inertial force detection apparatus using the conventional MEMS structure. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a driving voltage Vk ′ applied to the driving fixed electrode 416 in FIG. 4. (A) And (b) is a figure for demonstrating the principle of a general CV conversion circuit. It is a figure which shows the prior art example 2 which uses the signal which applied amplitude modulation to drive voltage Vk '. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a driving signal Vk ″ applied to the driving fixed electrode 416 in FIG. 7. It is a figure which shows the specific example of the amplitude modulation circuit 123 of FIG.

  Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows an angular velocity detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The angular velocity detection device 100 (corresponding to the “inertial force detection device”) includes an element unit 410, a drive circuit 120, and a sensor output circuit 130. The element unit 410 is basically the same as the conventional example 1 shown in FIG. 1 and includes the vibrator 412 except that the fixing unit 413 is not grounded. The drive circuit 120 has a modulation wave generation circuit 121 that generates a modulation wave that is an AC voltage having a frequency fr substantially the same as the resonance frequency of the vibrator 412, and an AC voltage having a frequency fc that is higher than the resonance frequency of the vibrator 412. A carrier wave generation circuit 122 that generates a carrier wave, an amplitude modulation circuit 123 that amplitude-modulates the carrier wave with a modulated wave and outputs a drive signal to the driving fixed electrode 416, and adjusts a direct current voltage of the carrier wave, And a DC voltage adjusting circuit 124 for outputting the adjusted carrier wave. The sensor output circuit 130 has substantially the same configuration as that of the conventional example 2 and includes a CV conversion circuit 131, a low-pass filter 132, a rectifier circuit 133, and a smoothing circuit 435.

  The output signal of the carrier wave generation circuit 122 of the drive circuit 120 passes through the DC voltage adjustment circuit 124 and is applied to the vibrator 412 through the fixing unit 413. A drive signal Vk applied from the drive circuit 120 to the drive fixed electrode 416 of the element unit 410 is shown in FIG. 2A, and a voltage Vmass applied to the vibrator 412 is shown in FIG. It is. The driving force Vk is shown in Formula (7a), and the potential Vmass of the vibrator is shown in Formula (7b).

  Similarly, when the magnitude of the electrostatic force having the resonance frequency fr applied to the vibrator 412 is obtained, it is expressed by the following formula (8a).

The maximum value that can be taken is represented by Equation (8b) when A is VDD / 2.

  The magnitude of the electrostatic force applied to the vibrator 412 is up to eight times that in the case of the conventional example 2 expressed by the mathematical formula (5b), and it is possible to improve the problem that the sensitivity is lowered.

  The reason why the driving force can be obtained is that the driving signal Vk is overmodulated by the amplitude modulation circuit 123 and the voltage Vmass applied to the vibrator is also modulated simultaneously. Even when an overmodulated drive signal as shown in FIG. 2A is applied while the vibrator is at a fixed potential, the driving force is 0 (the state where A ′ = 0 in Equations 4 and 5a). However, when the potential Vmass of the vibrator is also modulated at the same time, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), when viewed from the potential difference of Vk-Vmass, overmodulation does not occur, and the range of voltage that can be taken is (3/2 ) From VDD to (-1/2) VDD and twice the power supply voltage of the drive circuit. That is, in the case of Conventional Example 2, this corresponds to a state in which the amplitude of the drive signal Vk ′ can be doubled. Since the driving force works by the square of the voltage, the driving signal Vk is overmodulated and a carrier wave is given to Vmass, so that a driving force four times that of the conventional example 2 can be obtained.

  Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, a double driving force can be obtained by using a square wave instead of a sine wave as a carrier wave.

  The amplitude adjustment circuit 123 that performs overmodulation can be easily realized by a circuit including an inverting amplifier, a switch, and an inverter (see FIG. 9).

FIG. 3A is an explanatory diagram of the detection principle in the embodiment of the present invention. A feedback resistor R, the CV converting circuit 131 having a feedback capacitor C _FB, and a detection capacity Cs, the detection capacity Cs or charge change ΔQ of the parasitic capacitance C _PARA, is output as a voltage through a C _FB (Vout = ΔQ / C _FB ). When detection is performed using this driving method and the CV conversion circuit 131 (corresponding to “detection signal output unit”) as shown in FIG. 3A, the signal output from the CV conversion circuit 131 is expressed by Equation (9). FIG. 3B shows the frequency distribution of the signal.

Vk and Vmass are shown by the mathematical formula (7a) and the mathematical formula (7b).

  In Equation (9), the signal of the angular velocity to be detected is a component of sin (2π · fr · t), and in the case of a normal clock where Vmass is switched at VDD−VSS (0V), the center potential becomes VDD / 2, and sin The coefficient over (2π · fr · t) becomes 0 and output cannot be obtained. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the DC potential adjustment circuit 124 is used to adjust the center potential of Vmass to 0V. The DC voltage adjustment circuit 124 can be easily realized by using only a resistance element and a capacitance element as shown in FIG.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the sensor output circuit 130 (corresponding to the “sensor output detector”) includes a low-pass filter 132, and the threshold frequency is higher than fr and lower than fc. It has become. The frequency of the signal due to the Coriolis force to be detected here is a component centered at fr shown in FIG. 3B, and the crosstalk noise due to the drive signal is a component having frequencies of fc ± fr, 3fc ± fr. It becomes. In the case of fc >> fr, the crosstalk noise is removed by the low-pass filter 132 described above, and only the signal of the angular velocity due to the Coriolis force is detected by the subsequent rectifier circuit 133 and the smoothing circuit 435 as in the conventional example 2. It becomes possible to do.

  In the above embodiment, the capacitance type angular velocity detection device is taken as an example, but it is also possible to apply to a piezoelectric type angular velocity detection device in which the interference of the drive signal similarly becomes a problem.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Angular velocity detection apparatus 120 Drive circuit 121 Modulation wave generation circuit 122 Carrier wave generation circuit 123 Amplitude modulation circuit 124 DC voltage adjustment circuit 130 Sensor output circuit 131 CV conversion circuit 132 Low-pass filter 133 Rectification circuit 400 Angular velocity detection apparatus 410 Element part 411 Base 420 drive circuit 411 base 412 vibrator 413 fixed portion 414 beam 415 drive movable electrode 416 drive fixed electrode 417 detection movable electrode 418 detection fixed electrode 420 drive circuit 421 oscillator 422 amplifier 430 sensor output circuit 431 voltage source connection unit 432 Resistor 433 Amplifier 434 Rectifier circuit 435 Smoothing circuit 720 Drive circuit 721 Modulated wave generation circuit 722 Carrier wave generation circuit 723 Amplitude modulation circuit 730 Sensor output circuit 731 Low-pass filter

Claims (5)

A vibrator driving method for resonantly driving the vibrator by electrostatic force in a potential difference between the vibrator and a driving electrode provided adjacent to the vibrator,
Generating a carrier wave that is an AC voltage having a frequency higher than the resonance frequency of the vibrator;
Generating a modulated wave that is an AC voltage having substantially the same frequency as the resonance frequency of the vibrator;
Amplitude-modulating the carrier wave with the modulated wave, and outputting a drive signal to the drive electrode;
Adjusting the DC voltage of the carrier wave, and outputting the adjusted carrier wave to the vibrator.   2. The vibrator driving method according to claim 1, wherein the carrier wave is overmodulated by a signal having a frequency substantially the same as a resonance frequency of the vibrator. A driving circuit for resonantly driving the vibrator by an electrostatic force in a potential difference between the vibrator and a driving electrode provided adjacent to the vibrator;
A carrier wave generating circuit that generates a carrier wave that is an AC voltage having a frequency higher than the resonance frequency of the vibrator;
A modulation wave generating circuit that generates a modulation wave that is an AC voltage having substantially the same frequency as the resonance frequency of the vibrator;
An amplitude modulation circuit that amplitude-modulates the carrier wave with the modulation wave and outputs a drive signal to the drive electrode;
A vibrator driving circuit comprising: a DC voltage adjusting circuit that adjusts a DC voltage of the carrier wave and outputs the carrier wave adjusted to the vibrator.   4. The vibrator driving circuit according to claim 3, wherein the carrier wave is overmodulated by a signal having a frequency substantially the same as a resonance frequency of the vibrator. A vibrator and a drive electrode and a detection electrode provided adjacent to the vibrator;
5. The drive circuit according to claim 3, wherein the vibrator is resonantly driven by an electrostatic force in a potential difference between the vibrator and the driving electrode;
A detection signal output unit connected to the detection electrode and outputting a detection signal corresponding to the output of the vibrator;
Inertia comprising: a low-pass filter connected to the detection signal output unit and having a threshold frequency higher than the resonance frequency of the vibrator and lower than the frequency of the carrier wave Force detection device.

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