JP5217534B2 - Insert mounting mechanism and cutting tool - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a tip attachment mechanism for detachably attaching a tip to a tool body, and a cutting tool using the tip attachment mechanism.

As a cutting tool of a type in which a chip is detachably attached to a tool body, a throw-away type face mill illustrated in FIG. 7 is conventionally known. In the front milling machine, a plurality of mounting grooves that open to the tip surface of the tool body and the peripheral surface are formed at a predetermined pitch along the circumferential direction of the tool body on the outer periphery of the tool body. Chip mounting seats are formed on the wall surface of the base plate, and a cemented carbide chip having a substantially square plate shape is seated on the chip mounting seats via a seat member and a supporter provided on the seat member, and mounted. A wedge member and a supporter fixed wedge mounted in the groove are pressed and detachably attached (for example, see Patent Document 1).

JP-A-5-50321 (see paragraphs 0002 to 0003 and FIG. 4)

However, in the face milling described in Patent Document 1, each chip is adjacent to another sub cutting edge (corner cutting edge) on the diagonal line of the sub cutting edge (corner cutting edge) protruding from the tip surface of the tool body. Side surfaces extending from the pair of side edges are supported and positioned by the bottom surface of the mounting groove and the side surfaces of the supporter. Therefore, in practice, a dimensional error of the square surface of the insert causes a so-called secondary cutting edge shake in which the positions of the secondary cutting edges (corner cutting edges) of the respective chips with respect to the tool body do not coincide with each other in the axial direction. In particular, in the case of a normal grade insert that does not finish the outer surface or a large insert with a square surface, the dimensional error of the square surface increases and the runout of the secondary cutting edge increases. There was a risk of problems such as chattering inside, deterioration of the cutting edge life and variations.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a tip mounting mechanism with improved tip position accuracy of the tip of the tip with respect to the tool body and a cutting tool using the tip attachment mechanism.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means.
The invention according to claim 1 has a substantially polygonal plate shape, a cutting edge is formed at a crossing ridge line portion between one polygonal surface and a side surface, and a chip having a seating surface formed on the other polygonal surface is cut. A tip attachment mechanism for detachably attaching to a tip seat provided on a tool body of a tool, the engaging surface portion being engageable with a side surface extending from at least one cutting edge involved in cutting of the tip; And a pressing means that presses the other side face except the side face toward the engaging face portion side, and a fixing means that fixes the tip to the tip seat, and extends from at least one cutting edge involved in the cutting. The chip mounting mechanism is characterized in that the chip is fixed in the chip seat with the side surface engaged with the engagement surface portion.

According to the tip attachment mechanism of claim 1, since the tip is attached to the tool main body of the cutting tool with the side surface extending from at least one cutting edge involved in cutting engaged with the engagement surface portion, The cutting edge position accuracy of the above-mentioned cutting blade becomes extremely high, and the processing accuracy is improved.

Furthermore, since the side surface extending from the other side ridge portion not involved in cutting is pressed toward the engagement surface portion side by the pressing means, the side surface extending from the side ridge portion forming at least one cutting edge involved in cutting is present. The engagement surface portion is positively engaged. Thereby, when attaching a chip | tip to a chip | tip seat, the operation | work which presses a chip | tip to an engaging surface part becomes unnecessary, and it becomes possible to perform a corner change and chip | tip change of a chip | tip easily.

In the above-described tip mounting mechanism, when the engagement surface portion can be engaged with the side surface extending from the side ridge portion where the secondary cutting edge for cutting the finished surface is formed, the edge position accuracy of the secondary cutting edge with respect to the tool body is high. Since it becomes very high, the processing accuracy of the finished surface cut by the secondary cutting edge becomes extremely high.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tool having a substantially polygonal plate shape, a cutting edge formed at an intersecting ridge line portion between one polygonal surface and a side surface, and a seating surface formed on the other polygonal surface. A cutting tool that is seated on a chip seat provided at a predetermined position of the main body and that is detachably attached by projecting a cutting blade that is involved in cutting the chip from the tool main body, and that is involved in at least the cutting. An engagement surface portion that can be engaged with a side surface extending from one cutting blade, a pressing unit that presses the other side surface excluding the side surface toward the engagement surface portion side, and a fixing unit that fixes the chip to the chip seat The cutting tool is characterized in that the tip is fixed in the tip seat with a side surface extending from at least one cutting edge involved in the cutting engaged with the engaging surface portion.

According to the cutting tool according to claim 3, since the tip is attached to the tool body of the cutting tool with the side surface extending from at least one cutting edge involved in cutting engaged with the engaging surface portion, the tool body The cutting edge position accuracy of the cutting blade with respect to is extremely high. For this reason, since the fluctuation of the cutting edge position of the cutting edge can be suppressed to be extremely small when changing the corner of the chip or exchanging the chip, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the machining surface accuracy. In a cutting tool in which a plurality of inserts are attached to the tool body, the tip runout between the cutting edges of each insert is extremely small, the machining surface accuracy is improved, and the life difference between the cutting edges is reduced. The tool life is long and stable.

Furthermore, since the side surface extending from the other side ridge portion not involved in cutting is pressed toward the engagement surface portion side by the pressing means, the side surface extending from the side ridge portion forming at least one cutting edge involved in cutting is present. The engagement surface portion is positively engaged. Thereby, when attaching a chip | tip to a chip | tip seat, the operation | work which presses a chip | tip to the engaging surface part side becomes unnecessary, and it becomes possible to perform a chip | corner change and chip | tip exchange easily.

In the above cutting tool, when the engagement surface portion can be engaged with the side surface extending from the side ridge portion where the secondary cutting edge for cutting the finished surface is formed, the edge position accuracy of the secondary cutting edge with respect to the tool body is extremely high. As a result, the processing accuracy of the finished surface cut by the auxiliary cutting edge becomes extremely high. In a cutting tool in which a plurality of chips are attached to the tool body, the edge runout between the sub-cutting blades of each chip is extremely small, so that the finished surface accuracy and finished surface roughness are very good.

According to the tip mounting mechanism of the present invention, the positional accuracy of the cutting edge of the cutting blade with respect to the tool body is extremely high. According to the cutting tool using the tip mounting mechanism of the present invention, when the tip corner is changed or the tip is changed, the variation of the cutting edge position of the cutting blade can be suppressed to be extremely small. it can. In a cutting tool in which a plurality of inserts are attached to the tool body, the tip runout between the cutting edges of each insert is extremely small, the machining surface accuracy is improved, and the life difference between the cutting edges is reduced. The tool life of the tool is long and stable.

An embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a face mill will be described with reference to the drawings. 1A, 1B, and 1C are a plan view, a front view, and a perspective view, respectively, of a face mill. 2A and 2B are detailed views showing a state in which the tip is attached to the tool body, where FIG. 2A is a plan view and FIG. 2B is a front view. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the locator. FIGS. 4A and 4B are views showing a state in which the locator, the tip, and the wedge member are assembled. When viewed from a direction parallel to the rake face of the tip, FIG. 4A shows a state in which the wedge member is loosened, and FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which clamp | tightened, (c) is the figure which looked at the state which clamped the wedge member from the direction which opposes the rake face of a chip | tip. FIGS. 5A and 5B are enlarged views of the vicinity of the auxiliary cutting edge of the tip as viewed from the direction orthogonal to the tool axis, wherein FIG. 5A shows a front milling machine to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 5B shows a conventional front milling machine. FIG. 6 is a modified example of a face mill to which the present invention is applied, and corresponds to FIG. FIG. 7 is an axial sectional view of a conventional face mill.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the face mill, the outer peripheral surface 2 of the tool main body 1 and the tip mounting groove 5 opened in the front end surface 3 are provided in the tool circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the tool main body 1 having a substantially disc shape. The chip 30 is formed at a plurality of positions at approximately equal intervals along the chip mounting groove 5 and a chip 30 is inserted through a holding member called a locator 10. On the front side in the tool rotation direction of the chip mounting groove 5, a chip pocket 6 in which the outer peripheral surface 2 of the tool body is cut into a concave groove shape, and a wedge member communicating with the chip mounting groove 5 in the concave wall surface of the chip pocket 6. An insertion groove 7 is formed. In the wedge member insertion groove 7, a wedge member 50 is fastened to the tool body 1 by a screw member 50 </ b> A and can sink into the wedge member insertion groove 7. The upper surface of the chip is pressed toward the seating surface 34 by sinking the wedge member 50, and the seating surface 34 of the chip is applied to the chip seating surface 21 of the sheet member 20 attached to the chip seat 11 provided in the locator 10. Pressed and held. On the end surface of the rear end portion of the tool body 1, a flat mounting surface 4 that comes into contact with the spindle end of a machine tool (not shown) is provided.

The chip 30 is made of a hard material such as cemented carbide, cermet, or ceramic, and is formed in a substantially square plate shape. The square surface that is the upper surface is the rake surface 31, the side surface is the flank surface, the cutting edge is formed at the intersection ridge line portion of the square surface and the side surface, and the square surface that is the lower surface is the seating surface 34. The tip 30 is composed of a secondary cutting edge 33a formed on the ridge line of the chamfered portion provided at four corners on the square surface of the upper surface which is the rake face 31, and four square sides extending from both ends of the secondary cutting edge 33a. The main cutting edge 33b formed in the. A pair of sub-cutting blades 33a and a main cutting blade 33b adjacent to each other are used as cutting blades involved in cutting, and when the end of the service life is reached, the square surface that becomes the rake face 31 is rotated 90 ° to change the corner, and the next sub-cutting blade By sequentially using the cutting edge 33a and the main cutting edge 33b, the chip 30 can use four corners. Relief surfaces 32a and 32b are formed on the side surfaces extending from the auxiliary cutting edge 33a and the main cutting edge 33b, respectively. These flank surfaces 32a and 32b are positive flank surfaces that inwardly incline as they approach the square surface of the lower surface (see FIG. 4).

As shown in FIG. 2, the locator 10 uses a screw member 10 </ b> A such as a hexagon socket head cap screw to each of the side surfaces 10 b and 10 c facing the tool rotation direction rear side and the tool axis direction rear end side of the locator 10. The tip mounting groove 5 is attached in contact with the side wall surface 5b facing the front side in the tool rotation direction and the bottom wall surface 5c facing the tip side in the tool axis direction. Further, the end surface 10d of the locator 10 facing inward in the tool radial direction is in contact with a diameter adjusting screw 70 that is screwed into the wall surface 5d of the chip mounting groove facing the end surface 10d. By loosening the screw member 10A, the locator 10 can be moved by a predetermined amount in the tool radial direction with respect to the screw member 10A in the chip mounting groove 5, and the tool is operated by operating the diameter adjusting screw 70. By moving the locator 10 outward in the radial direction, the locator 10 is protruded from the tool body 1 by a desired amount outward in the radial direction of the tool. The locator 10 and the diameter adjusting screw 70 are not limited to the above-described configuration, and may be omitted. When the locator is omitted and the chip 30 is directly inserted into the chip mounting groove 5, the shape of the chip mounting groove 5 is changed to a shape corresponding to the chip 30 to be inserted.

As shown in FIG. 3, the tip of one side of the side surface 10a facing the tool rotation direction of the locator 10 (the region located at the outer periphery of the tip of the tool body) has a substantially square shape corresponding to the tip shape. A notched tip seat 11 is formed. Further, the sheet member 20 having a substantially square flat plate shape corresponding to the chip shape is attached by contacting one of the square surfaces with the bottom wall surface 11a of the chip seat using the screw member 20A. The other square surface of the seat member 20 is a chip seating surface 21 that is in contact with the seating surface 34 of the chip.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 2, the tip 30 attached to the tip seat 11 has a secondary cutting edge 33a protruding from the tip surface 3 of the tool body substantially orthogonal to the tool axis, A main cutting edge 33b extending from the outer end of the cutting edge 33a in the tool radial direction is disposed so as to be inclined outward at an angle of about 45 ° corresponding to a corner angle with respect to the tool axis.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the chip seating surface 21 of the sheet member 20 attached to the chip seat 11 of the locator has a side surface (flank 32a) extending from the auxiliary cutting edge 33a involved in chip cutting and the chip. Extends from the crossing ridge line with the seating surface 34 to the tip side in the tool axis direction. A protruding portion 40 that protrudes toward the sub-cutting blade 33a (upward) is integrally formed at the tip of the extended chip seating surface 21. The raised portion 40 has a first engaging surface portion 41 that can be engaged with a side surface (flank 32a) extending from the auxiliary cutting edge 33a in a direction substantially orthogonal to the auxiliary cutting edge 33a. The first engagement surface portion 41 is formed as a flat surface substantially parallel to the side surface (flank surface 32a) and engages with the side surface (flank surface 32a) in surface contact. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the height of the raised portion 40 is lower than the auxiliary cutting edge 33a of the insert, and the tip of the raised portion 40 in the tool axis direction does not interfere with the surface of the work material. The cutting edge 33a is set so as to retreat to the rear end side in the tool axis direction. Then, since the thickness of the raised portion 40 in the direction orthogonal to the first engaging surface portion 41 is reduced, the raised portion 40 including the sheet member 20 is preferably made of a cemented carbide with high strength. Alternatively, only the raised portions 40 may be separately made of a cemented carbide and may be integrally formed by strongly welding or joining the sheet member 20.

As shown in FIG. 3, of the two side wall surfaces 11 b and 11 c rising from the bottom wall surface 11 a of the chip seat, the first side wall surface 11 b at the position opposite to the main cutting edge 33 b involved in cutting is used for the above cutting. It has the 2nd engaging surface part 12 which can be engaged with the side surface (flank 32b) of the chip | tip in the position facing the main cutting edge 33b which is concerned. The second engagement surface portion 12 is a flat surface substantially parallel to a side surface (flank 32b) extending from a side ridge portion (a main cutting edge 33b not involved in cutting) at a position opposite to the main cutting edge involved in the cutting. And is brought into surface contact with and engaged with the side surface (flank 32b).

The second side wall surface 11c adjacent to the first side wall surface 11b with the shading portion interposed therebetween is formed as a flat surface extending substantially parallel to the auxiliary cutting edge 33a involved in cutting. A ball plunger 60 is installed on the second side wall surface 11c as a pressing means for pressing the side surface (flank 32b) of the chip. As other pressing means, in addition to elastic members such as various springs and various rubbers, members that urge using elastic force such as various plungers are desirable. In the face mill, the ball plunger 60 is screwed and embedded in the female screw hole 13 provided in the second side wall surface 11c. When viewed from the direction facing the rake face 31 of the chip, the ball plunger 60 is slightly outward in the tool radial direction from the corner provided with the other secondary cutting edge 33a on the diagonal line of the secondary cutting edge 33a involved in cutting. Is positioned and substantially parallel to the axial direction (see FIG. 4C), and viewed from a direction parallel to the chip rake face 31, the chip seat bottom wall surface 11a of the chip 30 and the chip seating surface of the sheet member 21 is embedded in an inclined manner toward the rake face 31 side (upward) of the chip (see FIG. 4B). The ball at the tip of the ball plunger 60 comes into contact with and presses the side surface (flank 32b) extending from the main cutting edge 33b that does not participate in cutting at a position slightly outside the corner in the tool radial direction. Side external force and external force (arrows P1 and P2 in FIG. 4C and arrow P3 in FIG. 4A) that lift the chip upward from the chip seating surface 21 are applied to the chip.

When the chip 30 inserted into the chip seat 11 receives the external forces P1 and P2, side surfaces (flank surfaces 32a and 32b) corresponding to the first engagement surface portion 41 and the second engagement surface portion 12 are formed. The engagement surface portions 41 and 12 are pressed and engaged. Here, when viewed from the direction facing the bottom wall surface of the chip seat, the first and second engagement surface portions 41 and 12 extend so as to intersect each other at about 45 °. The ball of the jar and the first and second engaging surface portions are in contact with each other at three locations and stably held. Further, since the chip receives an external force that floats upward from the chip seating surface 21 from the ball plunger 60 when viewed from a direction parallel to the top surface of the chip, the chip side is slightly lifted from the chip seating surface 21 at the corner near the pressing position. The upper surface 31 of the 30 is held in a posture in contact with the wedge member 50 (see FIG. 4A). When the wedge member 50 is submerged from this state, the upper surface 31 of the tip is pressed against the wedge member while maintaining the engagement with the first engagement surface portion 41 and the second engagement surface portion 12. The entire chip seating surface 34 comes into contact with the chip seating surface 21 and is firmly fixed.

In this way, the tip 30 is attached to the tip seat 11 with the side surface (flank 32a) extending from the secondary cutting edge 33a involved in cutting engaged with the first engagement surface 41. The error h1 of the cutting edge position in the tool axis direction is influenced only by the chip thickness error s1, as shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the conventional face milling, the side surface extending from a pair of side edges adjacent to the other secondary cutting edge (corner cutting edge) on the diagonal line of the secondary cutting edge 33a (corner cutting edge) involved in cutting is set as an attachment reference. Therefore, the error h2 of the edge position in the tool axis direction of the auxiliary cutting edge 33a involved in cutting is affected by the error a2 of the outer shape (square shape) in addition to the chip thickness error s2 ((b) of FIG. 5). reference).

Therefore, the face mill according to this embodiment can extremely improve the edge position accuracy of the auxiliary cutting edge 33a involved in cutting without being affected by the error of the outer shape of the chip. When replacing 30, fluctuations in the position of the cutting edge of the sub cutting edge 33 a can be suppressed to a smaller extent than in the conventional face milling, and deterioration of machining accuracy can be prevented. Further, the runout between the auxiliary cutting edges 33a of each chip 30 attached to the tool body 1 is suppressed to improve the finished surface roughness, and the variation in cutting resistance between the auxiliary cutting edges 33a is suppressed. Tool life is extended and stabilized.

In this face mill, the second engagement surface portion 12 is engaged with the side surface (flank 32b) extending from the main cutting edge 33b not involved in cutting, but instead of the main cutting edge 33b involved in cutting. You may change so that it may engage with the extended side surface (flank 32b). Accordingly, it is necessary to change the pressing position of the ball plunger 60 so that the external force due to pressing from the ball plunger 60 also faces the main cutting edge 33b involved in the cutting. In such a configuration, the fluctuation of the cutting edge between the main cutting edges 33b of each chip 30 is suppressed, and the variation in cutting resistance of each main cutting edge 33b is reduced. Thereby, chattering of the face mill is suppressed and the tool life is extended and stabilized.

About what engages with the side surface (flank 32a) extended from the sub cutting blade 33a which participates in cutting like the 1st engagement surface part, in order to avoid interference with a workpiece surface, although it becomes thin, cutting resistance Since it is engaged in the opposite direction to the direction, there is no problem in terms of strength and durability.

When the wedge member 50 is loosened, the tip 30 is lifted from the tip seating surface 21 at the corner in the vicinity of the pressing position of the ball plunger 60 as described above, the upper surface of the tip 30 is in contact with the wedge member 50, and the side surface ( Since the flank surfaces 32a and 32b abut on the ball tip of the ball plunger 60 and the first and second engaging surface portions 41 and 12, the flank surfaces 32a and 32b) are held in the tip seat 11 while being supported at four locations. For this reason, the tip 30 is not dropped from the tool body 1 during the corner change of the tip 30 or the replacement of the tip 30, and the workability in the machine tool is improved.

When the height of the raised portion 40 from the chip seating surface 21 is less than 5% of the chip thickness, the engagement area between the chip side surfaces (flank surfaces 32a and 32b) and the engagement surface portion 41 is reduced. On the other hand, when the height of the raised portion 40 from the tip seating surface 21 exceeds 95% of the tip thickness, the rigidity of the engaging surface portion 41 is reduced. Therefore, in order to stabilize the engagement between the chip side surfaces (flank surfaces 32a and 32b) and the engagement surface portion 41, the height of the raised portion 40 from the chip seating surface 21 is in the range of 5% to 95% of the chip thickness. It is desirable to set to.

In the face mill according to this embodiment, the side surface (flank) of the chip is configured as a positive flank, but may be configured as a negative flank perpendicular to the upper surface of the chip. Moreover, although the side surface (flank) of the chip | tip engaged with an engaging surface part was demonstrated with what was comprised by the single plane, it is not restricted to this, It fits with the protruding part 40 so that it may illustrate in FIG. A stepped portion 35 that is recessed inside may be provided, and the engaging surface portion 41 may be engaged with the side surface of the stepped portion. When it does in this way, the protruding part 40 becomes thick and strength and durability are further improved.

The present invention is not limited to the rolling tool typified by the face mill described above, and any throwing tool that attaches the tip 30 to the tool body 1 in a detachable manner, such as a turning tool such as a cutting tool, or a drill such as a drill. It can also be applied to cutting tools such as tools.

(A), (b), (c) is the top view, front view, and perspective view of the front milling to which this invention is applied, respectively. It is detail drawing of the state which attached the chip | tip to the tool main body, (a) is a top view, (b) is a front view. It is a perspective view of a locator. It is a figure which shows the state which assembled | attached the locator, the chip | tip, and the wedge member, seeing from the direction parallel to the rake face of a chip | tip, (a) is the state which loosened the wedge member, (b) is the state which tightened the wedge member. (C) is the figure which looked at the state which clamped the wedge member from the direction which opposes the chip | tip rake face. It is an enlarged view of the sub cutting edge vicinity of the chip | tip seen from the direction orthogonal to a tool axis line, (a) shows the thing of the front milling to which this invention is applied, (b) shows the thing of the conventional front milling. FIG. 6 is a view for explaining a modified example of the face mill to which the present invention is applied, and corresponds to (a) of FIG. It is an axial sectional view of a conventional face mill.

Explanation of symbols

1 Tool body 5 Chip mounting groove 6 Chip pocket 7 Wedge member insertion groove 10 Locator (holding member)
11 Chip seat 12 Second engagement surface portion (engagement surface portion)
20 Seat member 21 Chip seating surface 30 Chip 31 Rake surfaces 32a, 32b Flank (side surface)
33a Sub cutting edge 33b Main cutting edge 34 Seating surface 40 Raised portion 41 First engagement surface portion (engagement surface portion)
50 Wedge member (fixing means)
60 ball plunger (pressing means)

Claims (4)

A chip having a substantially polygonal plate shape, forming at least one set of main cutting edge and auxiliary cutting edge at the intersection ridge line portion between one polygonal surface and the side surface, and forming a seating surface on the other polygonal surface, A chip mounting mechanism for detachably mounting by sitting on a chip seat provided in a tool body of a cutting tool,
The chip attachment mechanism is
On the tip seating surface of the tip seat, a raised portion that protrudes in the thickness direction of the tip, provided at the tip where the sub-cutting blade involved in cutting is located,
A pressing means for pressing the other side surface excluding the side surface extending from the auxiliary cutting blade involved in the cutting toward the raised portion side;
Fixing means for fixing the tip to the tip seat ;
With
A tip mounting mechanism, wherein the tip is fixed in the tip seat in a state in which a side surface extending from the auxiliary cutting edge involved in the cutting is engaged with the raised portion . 2. The chip mounting mechanism according to claim 1, wherein a height of the raised portion from the chip seating surface is in a range of 5% to 95% of a thickness of the chip. A chip having a substantially polygonal plate shape, forming at least one set of main cutting edge and auxiliary cutting edge at the intersection ridge line portion between one polygonal surface and the side surface, and forming a seating surface on the other polygonal surface, A cutting tool seated on a chip seat provided at a predetermined position of the tool body, and a cutting blade that is involved in cutting the chip protrudes from the tool body, and is detachably attached.
The cutting tool is
On the tip seating surface of the tip seat, a raised portion that protrudes in the thickness direction of the tip, provided at the tip where the sub-cutting blade involved in cutting is located,
A pressing means for pressing the other side surface excluding the side surface extending from the auxiliary cutting blade involved in the cutting toward the raised portion side;
Fixing means for fixing the tip to the tip seat ;
With
A cutting tool, wherein the tip is fixed in the tip seat in a state where a side surface extending from the auxiliary cutting edge involved in the cutting is engaged with the raised portion . The cutting tool according to claim 3, wherein the height of the raised portion from the chip seating surface is in the range of 5% to 95% of the thickness of the chip .

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